Evening Star Newspaper, May 9, 1891, Page 13

TO REACH OLD AGE Several Distinguished Men Tcll How They Have Lived Long Lives. FRESH AIR AND TEMPERANCE Recommended by All—Dr. Milburn, the Blind Preacher, Justice Bradley, Hon. Horatio King, e1-Gov. Curtia Speak of The!r Habits, | Diet aud Methods of Kxercise. Written for The E Boks APPARENTLY consuimption. Blint and sickty at twenty-one. Weak and foebic ‘The picturs of health at three score and ten. It reads like © patent medicine advertise- ment, bat it is the story of the Kev. Dr. il- rn, the noted blind ehaplai of the House of Representatives. Isis a story of tae triumph of reason and will over body and disease. It is a story wirich ive any weak man courage. The biind parson told it in a voice as strong as that of area wore as foreible athlete, and froma time telling it with the ! which comes only a good = Star, TO THE LAP OF mh ai digestion + toll it and he en- jored his pipe ike a veterum tobacco user. Said he: Rev. DR. MILBURS. “For ‘liteen years Iwas one of the most fragile of men you can imagine. I had to hold 2 book at the end of my nose, with my hand to shade the page, and by moving the book continuondy along I managed, by seeing ene letter atatime, to read and to spell m: vay through school and college. The res was that whens very young man I found my- self afflicted with curvature of the spine, = earvature of the breast bone and a diseare of the heart, and there seemed absolutely no pros- pect of my ever becoming s healthy man. I was also extremely delicate and when between nineteen and thirty-five years old my weight ranged from 107 to 115 pounds. _I was working hard, bowever, all this time and paying atten- tion toall sorts of things except the laws of health aad life. I went to England when thirty- four and got some hinte from there. In those days very little attention was paid to hygiene, end after returning I began to put into prac- tice what I had learned, and ever since that time I have increased in weight and size. I increased my chest measure twelve inches and my weight from fifty to sixty pounds My weight increased steadily from the time I was thirty-five and you will be ised to know ithout my ever going into a. gymnasium or adopting any of the practices ‘bare prescribed for such purposes. HoW To BREATHE. “I could only use the means within the reach of a blind man, and one of the principal freah air passing throngh your room. Remove the heavy bed clothing from your person, leaving only a sheet over you, lie as nearly flat as you cam, draw up the knecs and relax the muscles of the a 3 with your mouth closed and your chin raised, in order to relieve ali constraint about your chest, dra all the air you ean without violence, doing gradually and without painfal effort. "Hold the airas long as you ean and breathe it out through the mouth or nose, in the former case with effort. Close your lips as soon as all is oatand practice doing all your inbalations through your nostril*, never under an; cireunistances inbaliug through the mouth. would rather drink the water ieftina finger Low! at the elose of » White House dinner than totake in one spoonful of Washington air through my mouth. Do this breathing while in bed in the morning for five or ten minutes. This bas been my constant habit for a number rears. You will remember the Bible says: “God breathed into man’s nostrils the breath i he became u living soul’ Shake- spears and other famous men speak of the uos- tris ee the only prope: channel to be used in Dreathing. ame it is an 0 tradicted fact that | the Indines, who never breathed through their aaouth, were never subject to thousands of our disease- until coming in contact with modern on he was induced to adopt th method, and he at one ail of thone ills of the Cancasian. the puiptt the very moment I need a np) ir f close the mouth, and the great range and ower of m" voice I'attribaie most largely to ne development of the lungs through my great breatning capucity, aman once conversing with Dr. Taylor said: ‘Your friend, Raiph Waldo Emerson, will cer- tainly go to bell.” Weil, 1 hope he will,’ replied the doctor, “for ho will certainty change the atmosphere a0 soon as he gets there. BALDNESS AND THE SU¥ CURE. only water I taste of water at the comes porridge and fruit, the former with milk eu@ sugar. Then some brown bread and butter, s little fish and» little it of chop or stenk, and then I wind yj with two beiled eggs. There enten from two tour doiled eqs every aay of the veur for | years, exd when I peak in the e' always ent two boiled eggs before so doing. Iunch I cat a few bircnits, a little cheese, ring and shavings of dried beef. “For dixner at 6 o'clock @ simple course of meat with ne sae green things in spring, ve all, onions. Tam very strong.on onions. I belies it to the most valual stomach. I take Boiled ded. which is the Inet thi Or her- — dD think that wit . y adopting the same methods ve the same results.” Dr. Milburn here attributes hie good health and working powers to bis habits of life. Many of our spryest old men say that babitsarelittle, but the inherited constitution is everything. Take for inatauce Justice Joseph P. Bradley of the United States Supreme Court, who has, for the last twenty years, boon one of the most learned men on tho bench and who — does as much work as any man in public life. ‘He was born in 1813, was seventy-eight years old last March, and his working hours are ten to tweive daily. There is no brighter mind im the country than his and his range of knowl- edge is ax wide as that of any other man on bei T met him at Deer Park during the past summer and chatted with him as to his h He mid: “T have been a worker all my life, and during a great part of my career I have pu from twelve to sixteen hours out of twenty-four. It is my habit now when the court is in session at Washington to put in four hours on my cases before Igo to the Capitol. Irive enrly, take my breakfast, and work from7 until 11. The court meets ut 12. and I sit there and pass upon cases until 4. Ithen return to my house upon the adjournment of the session of the courtand take « couple of hours’ relaxation until dinner time. Sometimes I take a nap. After dinner I usually spend the evening in my library, where I am very fond of ratural tendency toward mathematics. ‘THE CONSTITUTION EVERYTHING. “ attribute my health and working powers,” ‘aid the judge, “to an excellent constitution, added tos moderate degree of temperance in eating and drinking. My father was a farmer, and he married a farmer's daughter. He was eighteen years old when he was married and my mother was seventeen, and I was the first child and spparentiy inherited the vigor of both parents. I was brought up on s farm and ta partof every year upon one until I twenty. After I went to I spent my vacations in teaching, and I also did cousidera- ble surveying. While I was at college I studied sixteen hours a day and I think that I worked too hard during my early life, and iy during « period of my practice of the law. I was very ambitions to succeed and when I had important cases I often sat up until mornin, studying them. One night I remember we and it was this experience that led me to be moderate. I had a very knotty problem to solve, and I worked away far into tho night. been well the greater part of my life. When I yuu about twenty years old I was troubled with i ttacks. continued a number of years and then left me. I don't know that I did anything to drive them away and I have no particular rules of diet. I have smoked during & part of my life aad I smoke now. I find no trouble, however, in stopping and throughout life I have smoked Sse oe three years at time an: nm stop] ‘Then it a again aod again stepping. When I treak oi suoking, however, I become a teetotaler as to tobacco for the time. I also take a little whisky and water occasionally and I have never found it to disagree with me. Good wines in moderation seem to suit some men, but they are too acid for my stomach and I do not drink them. As to what I eat, I am not particular, save that I choose such thi agree with me and discard those not. “You ask my advice to young men who wish to make the best of their working powers. I can only advise perance, The young man who ts moderate in everything, leading a temperate life, abstaining from worry oping his working apparatus in good or- der, is bound to outlast him who does not, pro- vided the constitutions of the two are the same, Ibelieve that marriage conduces to length of years. The married man keeps better hours, ‘and bis life is a natural one.” Ex-Gov. Curtin of Pennsylvania has been ‘one of the leading public men in the United States for many years. He waseminentas a war governor. He served with great distinc- tien as our minister to St. Petersburg, and he has had a long career asa member of Congress. He is in good condition now, and he promises tolive tolbe a hundred. Said he: ‘at 106 and my father lived to be ninety- tix. [have had a etirring life, have scen some sickness and am now, at seventy-seven, in fect physical condition. Ihad three or four attacks of the grip last winter and have sur- vived them. My rule of life ie temperanee and regularity. Iam blessed with @ very smail ~ petite, and I don’t know what it is to hungry. I have just oates su) It con- sisted of some bread and miik, and I rarely eat more then this for, Dreakast, My fave yht, and I can y without enti = Motice it Thave no particular rules of diet. I drink a little good rye whisky every day and smoke in moderation. “Ido not exercise a t and have no particuiar rules of faith. believe that marriage conducos to tong lite, because it is in the conrso of natur At the close of the war I was a very sick man. For four years Iwas constantly within the sound of the clicking of the telograph. It was so in the governor's office in Harrisburg and in the field [carried an operator with me. Day and night my mind and nerves were on 6 strain, and at the close of the war my nervous system was broken down. I conld not close my hand I was so nervous, and I lost entire con- trol of myself. My doctors told me that a change of climate was all that would save me, and they sent mae to Cubs. improved as soon va T got out of New York, I waswell in « few months. “As to my advice to young men, I would say, ‘Be temperate and regular as to your habits Don’t work too hard and don’t worry., Li in ith nature's lawe, got married and it of Gov. Curtin is that of many old men. How many of the ous men who read it will take it? Fraxx G. Canpentan. 108 FALLS CHURCH NEWS. Ne Damage Done by the Cold Snap—Im- provements in Prospect. Correspondence of The Evening Star. Farts Cuvnca, Va., May 8, 1891. ‘This spring isan exceedingly notable one. ‘The most of April was steadily rather wintry than otherwise. When in the Iatter part of the month the weather changed, it became mild and delightful and vegetation leaped forth, so rapid was ite growth, and nature seemed to make reliable promise that rough, untoward weather wasatanend. And what an abund- ant pear, cherry, peach, plum and apple trees’ bloom there has been. Then followed # suc- cession of cold waves, or a single continuous cold wave for four days, with snowfulls and frosts and freezes at the north. Hore, with a remarkably low temperature, I have not been able to find any frost. ‘The fruits, beans and tender vines are untouched Those of our citizens who went into your city for the winter have returned and other people ‘are finding places for summer boarding. Mr. and Mrs. Goskins, Mr. and Mrs. Ladd, Mr. and Mrs. Thomburg of your city and Mise Newlan, from the north, are located at the Eagle Hotel. Dr. Lutrell, holding position in onv of the peace has ses ihery & brick residence from Mr. G. B. Ives and is improving ite eur- oun ry to occupancy week. grins Center shores tts and will occupy the just finished residence of Mr. Harry ‘Turner. The Vi Improvement Society holds its next monthly meeting on Thursday evening at the residence of Mr. 8. V. Proudfit. It raises an appreciable amount of money to make im- provements in this village. Mr. George — of the board be me Le pension office, has carpenters at wi con- —*. residence for his own use. ‘A Mr. Lewis has purchased slot from Mr. Isaac Crossman near the lower depot and is having a building erected for a store. Mr. Geo. Hawxhurst, secretary of the order of Good Templars of this state, and family have gone to Norfolk to visit fri ‘Mr. 8. Duryea is materially improving the appearance of his fine residence. ir store anda wood and coal yard near Falls Church depot a year or two ago, has been compelled to enlarge his building to double its original size to meet the demand of a largely business. and W. Railroad Company start iy train each way on Sunday next. ‘The syndicate now platting the Sherwood farm contemplate, I hear, an excursion from your elty here on Becoration day for the plens- ‘ure of its denizens. LS. A —— MODELED ON WASHINGTON, How the Plan of Detroit Happened to Re- semble That of This City, “although the city of the straits is » fall century older than the city by the Po- tomac,” says the Detroit Free Press, “still Detroit was modeled after Washington. It has sometimes been said that the French city of Versailles, with its peculiar system of diagonal streets, converging on beautifal squares and circles, and its concentric, not to say eccentric, boulevards, was modeled afteracobweb. The plan of Washington was designed by the French engineer, Charlos 1’Enfant, and he took his design from his own city of Versailles. So it may be said that Detroit was modeled after Washington, Wash- ington after Versailles and Vermilles after acob- grocery the old HIS FEW WEAKNESSES. Some More Stories About the Pather of His Country. HIS WONDERFUL INFLUENCE. Even When Not im Office or Power—Neo Famil- larity Allowed—Who Originated the Inter- mational Exchange ef Books—Seme Great ‘National Librazies—Barry Sullivan's Visit. Written for The Evening Star. FRIEND HAS REFERRED ME TO A copy of the Edinburgh Review of October, 1808, containing a review of Chief Justice Mar- shall’e “Lite of Washington,” in which it com- plains of the silence preserved by the illustrious biographer of almost every particular of Wash- ington’s private life and habits, It was from that review the same complaint emanated “that all who had written of Washington bad brought him down to posterity on stilts. They have rarely,” they say, “allowed the huge fect of the world's greatest hero to touch the ground.” ‘Tho explanation given more recently, when the same charge was made against Jared Sparks and Washington Irving for these omis- sions, is contained in the letter Lord Erskine, the great Englivh barristor, addressed to Gen. Washington, in which he snid. “Ihave @ large acqnaintance among the most valued and exalted classes of men, but you are the only human being for whom Lever felt anawful reverence.” Lord Erskine had never seen Gen. Washing- ton, and being an Englishman, would in some degree share the prejudices of his countrymen against him. Wb? ‘gen must have been his in- fiuence thooe ght in contact with him? Tho nearny 4, # Washington to our day i Mt. Vernon to our aadria, where he was re- fa almost, for there all his fed and to it he was a fro- q F visitor, aceormts sin some measure for the # my instances related of him as exhibiting some of the foibles of human na- raphers, however, would be yf the weakness of mankind in their hero. ‘The veneration of rity, howevor, will not be lessened by the mowledge that he was @ man with impulses ‘nd passions and some of the infirmities of the human family. All heard of him, however, tends to add to the greatness of the man. THE ADOPTION OF THE CONSTITUTION. ‘When the convention met to frame the Con- stitution. and when the trouble of dissenting opinions secmed likely to lead tc its disruption, Washington rose from his seat as president of the convention and in a few sentences, uttered with the deepest emotion, secured the adoption of the Coustitution. His personal influence was overpowering. On another occasion, when the army was about to be disbanded, Ge Gates and a few other officers had inflammatory appeals circulated among the troops urging tem to demand their pay or overthrow the government, ‘The dato was fixed for the meet- ing of a convention, but Washington, to gain time to learn the extent of the conspiracy, o1 dered postponement of the convention. ‘The meeting when held was a large one. Gen. Gates presided, but before the proceedings had goue very far Washington entered the meeting unattened and unannounced, @ wearing asad and troubled look. He began a short speech, admitting the justice of their claims and expressing his deepost sym- pathy, appealed to them not to desert their cause after covering themselves with scars in its defense, and above all not to be dupes of British intrigues. He assured them Congress would do them justice and took from his pocket « letter to read, but could not with- out putting on his glassce Slowly raisi them, he said ins voice full of solemnity an thos, “My brothers, I have grown gray in yout service and uow I find myself becoming ind.” At the conclusion of his remarks he walked slowly out of the meeting, which pro- ceeded to passa resolution declariig thelr im- plicit confidence in Congress and loyalty to B18 AUTHORITY UNDISPUTED. their country. No one disputed his authority to rule, whether he was at the head of the army, in the presidential chair or in retirement at Mount Vernon. His voice was as authoritative and his word as ab- solute when he stood on the banks af the Po- tomac as when chief magistrate of s mighty nation. In this respect he was without» par allel. "The Keview, from which these extracts were made, or the substunce of them, acknowl edge him as the greatest of the heroes of the Avorld, and deprecate the withholding from biography the few faults of human nature he possessed. No ue, I believe, was ever suficiently intimate with Washing- ton to take tho slightest liberty with him. A story is told of a wager of a pipe of madeira, made by Gouvernenr Mor- ris with Alexander Hamilton, that he would throw his arm round the President's neck, and at their next meeting he approached the President and, laying his arm on his shoulder in familiar’ manner, ho; excelleney was well, &c. Washington raised his hand de- liberately and removed Mr. Morris’ arm ina manner 50 filled with offended dignity that an apology followed, and the pipe of madeira was won by Alexander Hamilton. ALEXANDER VATTEMORE. The name of Aloxander Vattemore was re- called to me the other day as one who had rendered valuable service to this and other countries, if not to the whole world, by in- augurating the systein of international ex- change of books between the government sof Europe and the United States, and between the libraries of the reepective countries. There are, however. very few who remoriber even his name. I had not heard it for years, but recall his labors here in establishing the exchange of books very distinctly. He found a very cotneat support in the National Intelligencer, whose columns were opened to him, and through them he made known the s which bas sines been productive of such benefit to the orld of le He at one time held » posi- tion under the French government, and losi it, he had recourse to hi of-hand performer and venti for his sapport, aud was colebrated as Alexandre. I cannot romombor if he gave formances here in public, bat I do feeall an amusing exhibition he gave one night ut Mr. Seaton's, with whom he was upon very friondly terms, at, indeed, he was with all tie distin- guished men of his day. His ‘torrent of im- juist ns. “Air is my ‘iret preseription,” continued Dr. “The sua is my next. I often walk off in the sun, and it wasa jo d+ this for am hour at noon. timulated his intellect, and that there was a vital and quickening power in the sun's raya Thirty years ago I began to be bald. My fatuer and younger brother were as the palmof your hind when they were Tnever it, and Lam notas of my head as I h my hair whenever I wash Milburn went on, “and have often used Indfan elubs. and in addition ba ae gymnastic movemeuts for the arms, ‘ ; sto the massage treatment, appose Ta miost expert massage opera- tor in this ‘country, ard am also “the best groomed animal in this respect. Immedintely afte: ‘ing oat of L take a cold, tepid or bath, and rub down vigorously, aud one to two hours every ¥ venerable carenss. other promi- yeique thirty years ways banteri: me hy don't you fvugh : dway. “Well” 1 would Jangin enos atl know how to pince we chan; my of buried them all 9 tse horsehair mats in rubbing down,” he then put on vaseline Sr ofl to all parte of my body. Theoil taken wp by the skin im this way is as good as food, ‘excellent cowlition. ‘This n-e of oil was common atuong the and Kotoans, and you will find it among many of lerg: they were T asked. plied Dr. Milburn, must vary his diet according to bis you eat « certain article the year round i will y give you the ftch. The diet should ating | tmke end ip at Li should uot be HOW HORATIO KING KEEPS TOUNG. Another Washington septuagenarian, almost as old and fully as active, both physically and j mentally, «s Judge Bradley, is the Hon. Horatio Ki generation . i@ a8 fond of Washington literary and social life as he was then. I met him on the street the other day, and my fir as to his babite of exercise. - Sai “Tam a great believer in walking, and! think one of the secrets of my heetth is in that I have never owned a or carriage. I walk until I get tired, and then if 1 have not reached my destination I take a street car. As ther rales of life, I dou’ really know have e tem- jh have kept ap my love for life, and I suppose my heal | ter Tor it now web.” The writer gives an account of Augustus B. Woodward. an eccentric lawyer who lived in this city when it was being laid out, who was a warm friend of L'Enfant, anda great admirer of the plan he made for Washington. In 1805 Woodward was appointed by Jefferson judge of the territorial supreme court of Michi One of the first duties devolving upon the governor and Judges after Judge Woodward's Soe wae the laying out of the new town of Detroit after the great fire which laid the city inashes. Woodward—with his mind still fall of the plan of Washingtou—threw himself i the work with great enthusiasm. memorandum books, which is still among the archives of the Detroit Society, is pasted a map of the vriginal plan of the ‘city of Washington, cut into several sections, attests the source of his inspira- ‘The first plan of the governor and jadges bore a fesemblance to the old plans of the capital. It was originally intended that the city of Washi should front the Anncostia, petuous zeal” and enthusiasm was rather in advance of the period, but the secd he sowed has ripened, and the ‘fruits are seen in the international exchange, whi in charge of tho Smithsonian Institution, whose agents in the different cities of Entope conduct the exchange. Heretofore Congress has made no ion in aid of this important inter- Smithsonian Institution, nt function diffusion of knowledge among mon.” "Last year, I think it was, for the first time, Congress made an ap- Bropriation of $10,006 to defray the, ex of and ' charges which herctofore Fy ted free of charge. of Congress says foreign govern- ments who exchango all their national publice- tions with us and those publications are sent this vast ao- dexterity as a sleight- | for bpd sion of ite of the revolution, when the government of that stor confiscated property of the and the bishops and religious houses and declared them property. From the surrounding provinces these libraries uo completed catalogue of this vast collection. One has ben made of the additions since 1870, and there is un incomplete catalogue of the historical works. The books not catalogued of course take hours to find. the Bibliotheque Nationale orld in bulk, it has nothing elso to recommend FREE MUNICIPAL LIBRARIES OF PARIS. The free municipal libraries of Paris are ad- mirable; indeed, superior to any and all othors. They number fifty, at least, and are situated in gil parte of the city and adapted by their, col- lections to the ties they occupy. They are principally loaning libra: not only are books su but music and drawi are loaned. I was led to this digression w speaking of the apace and accommodations be- ing provided in the new national library or Ubrary of Congress. Within the period vided for in this beautiful home ol books the collection wall be swollen to fivo millions of volumes, estimated upon the yearly natural in- crease of today. When completed it will eom- mand uni ‘admiration for its beautifn! de- sign. The ornate embellishments will charm the eye and instruct those who study them. The ‘thirty-three k i three arched windows will bear specimens of ethnology. Every race of mankind will be Tepresonied by busts instead of meaningless magks or other ornamentation. ‘The grOvth of librarios in this country has kept if. Vast “sums have. ‘been, denstod. Zor the Borpore, of, founding them in nearly all e large cities. Private endowments for such purposes began before the revolutionary war, the first being in 1745 by James n, who erected the ilrst building for a library “for the use of the public, hoping ¢o prevail upon them to acquamt themselves fh iterature.” The “Redwood” library at ‘was founded by Bishop Berkley in 1730. recent endow- manta for the establishment of libraries amount to the enormous sum of $24,000,000 when added to those already established, Mr. Nowberry of Chicago giving $2,000,000, Gov. ‘Tilden nearly @5,000,000. ‘The Astors, Enoch Pratt of Baltimore, G Peabody, James Lenox and others swell this sum even yond that estimate. BARRY SULLIVAN IN WASHINGTON. The death of Barry Sullivan, which has been recently announced, will awaken very agreeable remembrances of him here, where he played two very successfal engagements in 1857-8. He was @ most admirable aotor, ranking with Mac- ready, Phelps and Keen. As a Shakespearian actor he exhibited the most thorough study andan intellectual intion of the works of the groat master. Iie Dovniet was one of the best I remember and his Lear was a most ex- cellent performance, not comparing with For- rest's, of course, for that was pre-eminent. The night he appeared here as Lear the support was not very effective, and the female characters, except atrocious. Jack Savage, who was j writing for the National — Intelligencer, | said after commending Mr. Sullivan's Lear and the other leading characters of Regan and Gonerill, that two such daughters as those woald drive any old man ernzy. ing Mr. Sullivan's engagement George N.Sanders was here with a large delogation from ie party of had been for some years the thorn in the side of Mr. Buchanan.” While Mr. Buchanan was min- ister at the court of St. James George Sanders was United States consul at London; the con- sulate under hiin became the rendozvous of all the red republicans who were then congre- )gated in London. Louis Blauc, having been exiled or driven from Franco. waa the guest of the American consul, aud the legation dispatch bags were loaded with republican manifestos and other incendiary documents. The Ostend conference was engineered by Mr. Sanders, who bye the bye was.a very able man, and Mr. Buchanan’ in it gave him a good deal of trouble. When he became President, George Sanders had returned to America, and was a frequent visitor to the Excotive Mansion. The wing of the party ‘he Jed (was of course the mos auive one, and he gave the Preside: Shite eines A DINNER TO BE REMEMBERED, On this occasion Mr. Sanders gave a supper or entertainment at the National Hotel where Senators, members of Congress, foreign minis- ters, judges of the Supreme Court, cabinet of- ficers and the most conglomerate gathering met to hobnob with the crowd of New York Politicians. who wero here seeking office. Not much difference in those days from what we see and hear now. ‘Then Billy Miner was the leading spirit and the guest of honor, with Capt. Rynders and the rest. There was no man the equal of George Sanlers in. getting the most ant tic clements together and fusing them for the time being. Mere, was Lont Sarge then British minister, cheek and jow! with Biliy Miner and Senators mixing greetit if “the rosy” could be so called wi of New York. ‘The entainment was lavish and nt and Georgo was in his glory. troduced Barry Sullivan to this congrega- tion and he was greatly wirprived. Ido not re- member what wus the special patronage these Now York representatives wore demending, but they were, I think, successful. It was onl? a temporary relief for Mr. Buchanan, however, upon him. He was Kopt in hot water all the tae. by these rivet hevtious, ood chan among mination of this cloaked hostility cume when, at the Char! convention, Sanders sent ‘the ee 0. D., which the Preside . O. D., nt Hi for to fine one of Geor Sand most bitter arraignments of him, and which, by the by, he gave to the press as soon as he was s very remarkable man. ‘Tho last time I aw him good-bye at the Astor next morning at 11 o'clock, when an arra! ment was to be completed for the sale of his ‘was approved by the various roads aud the rights secured here and in Europe. I was dead. His. faraily, fhand- somely from the invention. soon another branch of the tribe descended his tormentors was Goorge Sandors. The c func.,” as ho styiéd him, a lon; and rge Senders’ had sent it to the President. George N. Sanders House, with an engagement to meet him the patent of a railroad spike he had invented, and gn time the next morning and learned ‘he was 1 believe, TSE LaTE DR. FRED MAT. Death has been busy in our city, and has taken from us two men illustrious in their professions and woll known here, and, indeed, I may say, universally known. Dr. Jobn F. e ‘Gol, Charles May of the old dragoons Henry Moy represented Daltinicte eta’ chant jenry May Te ore ability om tho Hoor of Congress and was sent ty the government to Mexico to nnearth the Gar py hoes opengl he did .o- | lavish pay of scouts, will hardly be attracted the of the Atlantic Com- preg ony 4S for the Sndiches bai was so tempting, the doctor toid apoyo | not feel in it. The taiture, however, of Mr. Disamick and his ad soon after deprived Dr. Maynard of the F ai F f i 98 Pi a enabled b} prolong and alleviate re fier mod thas power could do. HOW PROPERTY BAS GOXE UP. Mr. Robert Gallaher informs me in another letter that he finds on reference to some family papers that his grandfathor, Robert Gallaher, im 1815 purchased the corner p :y on 9th and F streets, where the large buildi hoon erected, for six conte «foot, an the same price he had paid for it. Only a fow days ago, when the owner, Mr. Willard J. Pitz- gerald of Now York, of ono of the bouses on F strect on the same biock was in the city, he re- fused seventoon dollars and a half per square foot for the property. HE OBJECTS TO THE NEW CUSTOM. An Army Officer Whe Doesn't Believe in Making Soldiers of Indians. “The opinion among officers and men in the United States army ie that the plan for ‘enlisting Indians is en insult to the regiments and to the American soldier,” said » distin- guished officer of the army to Stan writer, and he added: “The army is muszled by the regulations, 80 far as speaking in the newspapers is concerned, but we must be heard on this subject, which #0 nearly affects the welfare of our service. ="Last July, by special orders from the War Department, each regiment of cavalry and in- fantry was reduced by two companies. Now it is proposed to recreate one of these in each regiment by enlisting Indians. How extraordinary is this project! We disband crack troops of white American regulars in order to fill them wit wild savages! Consider, if you please, that each troop bas ite prestige — ite history of battles fought and feats per- formed, of which all the men belonging to it are proud. The men take pride in supporting and fighting in the field for the fame of their companies, and many of them have spent their lives in serving their country as soldiers. Is nothing to abolish an organization that haswon honors by years of faithful toil—honors which be- | belong to the company asa company, ler ing its glories immortal? Shall this be done for the enke of trying an ex nt in civil- izing = lot of untamed Indians, filled always with vermin, upon whom the white soldier looks down as he does upon unclean beasts? Is it with them that he is expected to fraternize in the same regiment, recognizing them as comrades and equals? ' Su an altogether parallel cnse—that the war office should propose to disband companies of their crack regiments in order that they might be filled with Arabs and Zulus! What acry of rage and disgust would arise at the suggestion of such an insane scheme, calculated better than any other conceivable plan to break down the pride of the English soldier. The crack troops of the British empire can claim no greater glory than can the regiments of this republic, the individual companies of whicb are identified historically with so many bloody fields in the war of 1812, in Mexico, in the re- bellion and in the canyons of the west. “The measure we speak of is against too, not less than against justice and pediency. Section 1102 of the Statutes: reads: ‘Each regiment of cavalry shall consist of twelve troops.’ There is no direct or in- direct authority in those statutes for the dis- bandment of troops or companies. It would be as lawful to disbana entire regiments as to disband companies. IT WILL NOT BE USEFUL. “Now, let us consider for a moment of how much practical use this measure is to be. Since the earliest days of the republic Indians have been employed as scouts, guides and trailers, They have usually been enlisted for six months. They were supposed to obey the rules and articles of war; they were given the same clothing allowance and rations as the cay- alry soldier and they got the same pay. In shave horses and for the keep of the animals they were allowed 40 cents a a. As their horses lived on grass the scouts’ pa; thus about twice that of the soldiers. turn for this they did practically nothing, e: cept in time of hostilities. During peace time they lived in their camps near the with their wives and families, reporting from time to time to the officer in ‘commana. During a campaign they did most efficient service as scouts, not as soldiers. Their aptitude for scouting the whole country, front aud on the flanks of the column, was marvelous, ¢6; on the plains. As trailers they are ‘won- derfal, tracking footprints that a white man cannot see. But when the enemy was reached they havealways expected the soldiers todo the fighting, while they hung around ready to pounce upon the booty and kill the wounded. As regular soldiers the Indians would be most difficult, if not impossible, to manage. Turbu- lent, mutinous almost, the white officer in eom- mand of them occupies a peculiar and dan- position. Some chief holds the place of first sergeant and to his judgment the officer must defer in many matters; army rules and regulations are cast to the winds; cattle be- longing to citiens may Aad brought into camp for @ feast an: can tically nothing; his mon speak a language. that he does ot ‘as. derstand; such things as guard and police are law, C out of tho question; the men desert and they | and eannot be punished. “The program laid down by the suthorities is that Indian scouts shall be discharged and enlisted as soldiers in companies quartered at barracks. Th it! be enlisted for fi years instead of for six months; they are to be €15 instoad of 925; their wives and fami- must not live with them; they are todo guard duty and work with pick and shovel; they are to keep clean, get rid of the vermin that infests them, be prompt and attentive to duty and obey the Articles of War. Yr WILL FAIL. by an offer to give them more work. less freedom and lew pas. Against thelr effcioncy ae sl. Saguage Ol prove Libepeake ES, he rove inst 6 An attempt to enlist them nud subjoct them to dis: cipline will be followed by countless desertions, and we will convert into outlaws those whom we hoped to eiviliz “This new de} bl the in most relied upo: of the cavalry was too wars were dver and that should be cut down. answer has been given by the occurrence a few months later of the most sanj THE OYSTER'S CASE What Tonging and Dredging and Imperfect Legislation Have Done. THE PRESENT SITUATION. ‘Star. Cusunrsrors, Va, May 1, 1891. ‘Much has been said and written recently on the oyster question. I doubt if but few persons understand the scope and purport of these dis- cumions, and hence I thought I would briefly outline the subject for more general informs- tion. bay. The legislatures both of Vir- Sinia and Maryland, I believe, have discrimi nated between those parts of their water-cov- ered territories, which they claim by right of eminent domain, suitable for dredging or tong |img. Broadly sisted, the tonger, who gathers oysters laboriously with his band tong: canoe, may tong anywhere, except Planted by individuals as the result ight or from the state. The dredger, who usesan iron scoop with purse net attached, which he drags along the bottom, is restricted Rot artificially planted and also rather vaguely doscribed his riparian sist that all grounds within reach of his tongs are natural rocke, and when such are invaded by dredgers the wars of the tongers and aes result with not infrequently loss of As the tongers are more numerous and as each tonger bas a vote, . and admin istration are exerted in favor of the tongers. Between the two, however, the natural growth arrested end naturel rocks usted, except on the seaside, of which Nature is inca of producing under such conditions of exhaustion. ” ya cannot take every- Tt is the old result, y r from the land and leave something be- orerea cULronE. The second method of propagation is by culture. ‘The culture of oysters is pursued by lease from the state. Different methods are dy those engaged in oyster culture. dredge a planite item ‘etal groundn, generally Pin reach of his tongs. In about eighteen months his spring Dave usually attained « size known as “box oysters,” to be eaten at the res- ‘aurant raw box or counter. The oyster spawns about July, and in order to catch the young fry or spawn the cultivator of his oyster beds clean throws oyster shells about the time of spawning. The spat from his own or other beds is cast hither and thither on the top of the water by the tides and winds until it becomes fructiticd. when it drops gradually by gravity. If it comes in contact with anything bard or smooth it adheres and ripens, but if not, it is apt to be- come smothered by the and or mud. In the fall or following the shells with the young oysters attached are removed to deeper aren ‘their growth and to give for more shelis the next spawni: the oyster gots big the connection between it and the parent Tote and the oyster ureps off. ‘On the seaside, however, there are miles of orator rocks where, pressure, And hence do not separate, but require coneid- erable force to separate them one {rom another. They grow long and with exceedingly sharp and are filled with mere integuments. Unt: recently these oyste:« were considered worth- less. the oysters on the natural beds in the bay bare become scarce parties have been ting to shores. FLOATING SALT OYSTERS. Oysters thst grow ix very salt water are never fat. Hence they are floated, as it is tech- uscally called, before marketing. One method is to put them on lighters or scows and sin them where « stream of fresh water comes down from the land. where they will fatten aud beeome eolid in a few days. Care must be taken that the water be not too fresh or the oyster loves its finvor. New Yorkers like fresh oysters and small ones, but in Washington and Baltimore sult ones are preferred and Inrge ones. ters ure sold by the count in New York and by the measure in Washington. ‘The culture of oysters is subject to many drawbacks, most of them, so far as the planter ia concerned, utterly beyond prevention. Changing sands may cover them and destroy whole beds. The starfish destroys great sum- bers, in Long Island soun hay Cheeapeake bay is comparatively free ow thoisinronde, Crabs we vory destructive, oyster opens its mouth to feed and the erab inserts his terior fin and ents his heotend Sodpernioe, eket ah enemies the tonger is the wort. The tonger is awake at nights when the planter is asloop. In some places, though, houses are built over the bed» they are trom there. If there were uo contingencies such as! have described, oyster culture would be a very le industry. Oyster plants may be Bought, Inia down on the wie oe about 35 ve | cents per bushel. These when grown or about gightcon or twenty-four months older will have increased to about three times the size or measurement and bring as arreled oysters on the average 81.50 per bushel, so that bushel of oyster plants costing 35 cents will sell when grown, for $4.50. But notwithstanding this ap- tly enormous proiit. many loweand become 8 ‘ularly those who have but best known «ystems of culiure. The United States fish commission have made oyster culture a stady, so fur, however, with but practical results, and the conditions of cul- ture are yet more or lees obscure. i r | F E HI iy 1] Fe Fre Fe i if f : F i i i f E | i it i Fi i i those who own the land (under the water) or who | sh. are doomed. No one fers uireodly from the for maturer growth and subsequent tbis Without the aid of legislation. ‘The subject of difteulty with the leg rights and privileges ta ct grounds withbeld from all ochers. ster oer tata condition of staking up lands ing to the state 25 cents acre me so favored an to live tn the state’ of roept the state and the oveter the peril of being disp legislation. The highest and best culture cane not be obtained under so slight a tenure. Yet, in point of fhct, many of these grounds have been held fo- years and the right of eccupaney bject of bargainand ele is frequently the eu between The tongere and dredgers object to leasing oF selling because of a common right, bud under their combined influences what is a com= my ht becomes a barren right. Nearly ell oyater land ite dew pendeneios not held in severalty today barren nu. ‘On the other hand it is urged, and not with- out roa: hat with its ownership. But there must be legisiation to promote culuvation or the oyster industry will t leginlation must tind ponent is certain and fied individual tenure. I think, perhaps, the solution of the question be bad by leasing the lauds for a period of boundaries of individual occ start, to the highest bidders revenue, per= sufticient to i The tenancies in any locality should terminate at euough oysters left for wed. Grounds remain. ing unbid for could be used a of common not be staked, m iag under suc! this also a source of promable income to ite state. A SUGGESTED SOLUTION or twenty years, preserving the present thus derive an hay differcnt periods, #0 that there will always be right or with the deeper wat ner and time of taku creas might make Tn leasing lands ied provision protect vested Interesta, This could be done by fixing « future date, muy three years, for the sales. Boundaries should be surveyed and as they give rise to much legal and Byead As it is now in Virginia, vVeys the land staked with Tes, hor 25 Conte per MCTe, RIVES d the transaction warfare. sum paid. of disputed oyster of eighteon from ould have done saw some years since a ground drawn by an oyster Chincoteague Island which credit to a graduate of our public schoola His attorney afterward told me that thet map wom his case. I will close by a reiteration of the great latent earth. wealth of the waters un ters to the value of £200,000. try of the eastern shore of Maryland is esti- mated at $3,000,000 per annum. Clam are'so plentifal on many shores that i is cheaper for the owner to buy them from the Pickaninmes than to exert himself to dig them. Fiddlers are numerous here. Webster de- nes a “fiddler” as a mall crab with one claw very much smaller than the other. Webster is | wrong. It xbould be one claw very muck larger than the other. Fiddlers are doubtless made for some wise purpose. 1 do not know what that is, but lam observing their tricks and their manners, and wheu | find ont the ob- ject and purpose of their creation I will advise you. Geo. C. Huxxixe. From Scribner's Mawaz'ne. wuere Great Joneg f z t a