Evening Star Newspaper, October 18, 1890, Page 14

MEN WILL FLY YET. The Era of Aerial Volitation is Ap- proaching Rapidly. TO CROSS THE CONTINENT. ‘The Speed of Air Ships Depends Upon HETHER OR NOT a line of passenger air ships is estab- lished across this continent within a few months, as has been advertised, it is con- pg sidered by competent au- b.8 thorities, soa Sran reporter learned, that the achievement in question will be accomplished beyond a doubt before half a dozen years have passed. A revolution in ideas, from the scientific point of view, hastaken place within a com- paratively short time regarding the problem of ravigating the air. The belief hitherto enter- tained that a reservoir of gas, in the suape of a bailoon or otherwise, was indispensable to aerostation has been generally abandoned. It has been the stumbling block of experimenters for centuries past, since Roger Bacon, six hun- dred years ago, declared that the essential part of afiying machine must be “a reservoir of exceedingly thin metal, filled with etherialized air or liquid fire.” liecognition has at last been made of the fact that the floating power of the high test of gases, hydrogen, or of the nearest attainable vacuum, cannot be made ot any practical use for purposes of human voli- tation. SCIENCE IX FRANCT, which nation bas a!ways led in the world in the study of aeronautics, has recently arrived at the conclusion that the air ship of the future must not depend ona balloon or buoyant reser- voir, It must rely mainly upon apparatus urely mechanical for maintaining its eleva- | spy propulsion through the air. This is to be accomplished by meaus of screw pro- pelier fans, some perhaps revolving in a hori- zontal plane to give movement upward, while others revolve in a vertical plane for the pur- pose of contributiag forward motion. _ ‘The great difiicuity in aerial-navigation has always been beld to exist in the tenuous nature of the atmosphere. A ship is easily along, because the water is sufficient! to afford resistance to its wheels or propeller. But air affords a comparatively slight resist- ance, and therefore it has beeu asserted that propulsion through this latter medium was im- Possible with the aid of such appliances as are at present known to mechanical art. Curiously enough this belief, which has been S80 generally received hitherto, is now regarded as untenable. Science steps forward today and Says that it is only necessary to make the prop- erly designed propeller revolve tast enough in order to force the air ship along at arate of speed indefinitely fast. And the same prin- ciple applies to the fans employed for the pur- pose of raising or lowering the floating vehicle, ALUMINUM THE MATERIAL. ‘The mechanical art of flying has accordingly taken an entirely different shape within a short time. The key to its expectations at present is found in the magic word “aluminum.” One naturally considers a metal as necessarily a heavy thing; but aluminum is as light as chalk. A spoon of it—and much of such table ware is now manufactured from this material—fecls like @ feather compared with its likenoss in silver. Furthermore, the tensile strength of aluminum is so great that buge tanks for con- taining liquid fuel can be made of it, The fiying machine of the immediate future, which may fairly be regarded as a thing almost on the point of successful accomplishment, will be composed largely of aluminum, alloyed with a small percentage of some other metal for the sake of hardening. Five per cent of silver is Octen used for the purpose. FUEL AND MOTIVE POWER. As at present contemplated, the air coach will be run by steam obtained from liquid fuel or the burning of the gas that is compressed and loaded before starting into cylindrical res- ervoirs of thindrawn steel tubing. A gas, con- ting as it does of molectils separated frou each other and flying every which way, is read- iiy compressed, so that a single reservoir may be made to hold 100 times its cubical contents of such » material. Thus the airship can take on board a great quantity of fuel in exceedingly small shape. By transforming this fuel through combustion into steam tho engine will be operated, the fans will be made torevolve at ‘8 trewendous rate of peed, aud the air ship, rising like a bird from the ground, will be di: rected by the steersman to any point of the compass that may be desired. Of some such nature will be the air ship of the almost immediate future, whether or not there proves to be auy reality or practicability im the scheme of the Illinois company which has been advertised as about to run Pullman cars by the atmospheric route from Chicago to New York aud return ia six hours without any stops at way stations. SAFETY, SPEED AND coMFoRT. In discussing this problem it is worth re- membering that the solution of the question of aerial navigation does not imply getting up to any great height above the surtace of the earth, Anelevation of 100 or 200 feet would be quite sufficient for purposes of ordinary travel. though necessarily the engineer should beable to increase this somewhat at will. ‘Three points must be kept in view regarding Passenger traffic of this sort conducted for com- mercial purposes namely, safety. speed and comfort. For the sake of safety the mechanism must be constructed ina substantial way, the cars must be equipped with life boats lest a drop into deep water cause loss of lifs, anda complement of parachutes mght be provided for the use of people who wished to drop off at odd points. For there is reason to believe that it will be long before the difficulty of landing en air ship with ease and without danger is overcome. Speed, as bas been already said, will depend upon the rapidity with which the propellers are made to revolve. This will be modified, of course, by the strength of any curreni of wind opposinz the progress of the aerial vehicle. If the latter is going at the rate of 100 milesan hour and is Opposed by a breeze with a power of 40 miles au hour, it goes without saying that the ship will progress only at the rate of 60 miles an hour, Another thing to be considered is that the resistance offered by air that is not in motion varies as the square of the velocity of the vebicle passing through it. In other words, ff the car requires a certain force to propel it at the rate of 15 miles an hour, it will require four times that force to make it go 30 miles an hour, or sixteen times the same force to give It aspeed of 60 milesan hour. All this must be taken into consideration by makers of flying machines, ONE GREAT DIFFICULTY tm the navigation of the air has always been found to exist in the weight of the engines necessary to operate the fans for lifting or pro- pelling. Happily, modern invention has gone far to do away with this trouble. The four- horse power Copeland marine engine now on the market weighs only 27 pounds and occu- } oly floor space of but 10 inches square, its eight being 21 inches. Boiler inciuded, it weighs much less than the average man. ‘There is no reason whatever, it is claimed, why many parts of such engines should not be made of aluminum instead of steel. Cost OF ALUMINUM. It must be said that a great deal of what has Fecently been written regarding aluminum is untrue. Among other reports on the subject it has been asserted that the metal can now be produced for the astonishingly low price of fif- teen centsa pound. The fact is that by the Process~newly discovered it can be turned out the wholesale rate of $1 a pound by the ton. The method employed is very simple, a cur- rent froma dynamo being passed through « mass of cryolite, which is a very cheap mineral containing aluminum, fluorine and potassium. By this current the cryolite is melted, and the aluminum, sinking to the bottom of the car- bon box m which the cryolite has been put, is dipped outwith a spoon. All the cryolite uulized for this purpose is brought from Greer- land, where aloue it is discovered in sufficient quantities to make the miuing of it worth while E in that lend of coid the supply of it is not inexhaustible; but, if it should give out, corundum, an oxide of alum- inam, wil) do as well, and it is found in endless quantities not far south of W. ton. Nearly ail rocks are ore beds of aluminum; every clay bank is a mine of it; a brick house contains tous of it; im fact, it forms one-fifth part of the earth's crust. It is white as silver, untarnish- able as gold, lighter than glass, ductile as lead and some of its alloys are almost as bard as steel. If it should prove the “flying metal” of the future it will indeed have earned a digni- fied position among the elements that compose the world, Cost OF A¥ AIR surP. Although aluminum costs $2,000 « ton it will before very long be reduced to one-half that figure, so those who know assert. At that price an air ship can be built for $150,000. Allow #100 a day for fuel, $50 a day for the crow, #100 a day for interest on the investment, $50 a day for incidentals and you have considerably less than $1,000 expense for ench voyage of 3,000 miles, which would carry you from New York to San Francisco or across the ocean. Suppos- ing that tho rate of speed did not exceed that of the regular cancers railway trains, a rs expense for the trip woul pe gets 225. leaving ‘meals ont of the question—and they need not be more costly up in the air. To cross the conti- nent by rail cosis nearly four times as much. It has been suggested ibat for short distance passenger traffic an air vehicle might be pro- pelled over routes of 160 miles or less by clcc- tricity, sliding along doubie lines of wires at a height of £0 feet above the ground and driven by an electrical motor similar to that employed in the overhead street car system. Such an arrangement would best suit the requirements of a territory thickly populated, A REMARKABLE FLYING MACHINE. The most remarkable be cause the most successful flying machine ever in- vented is a toy, pure and simple, which is played with in France by children. It looks like a big butterfly, perhaps 18 inches across from tip to tip of the wings, and has two things which might correspond to the feelers of tho insect, thouxh the latter aro expanded into little fans. Acleft stick serves for the backbone of the imitation bug and half a dozen thin rubber bands are stretched from one end of the stick to the other. To describe the apparatus in detail, simple though it is, would require a great deal of space. It is enough to say that the rubber bunds are twisted cork- serew fashion round and round by turning tho stick. Now, funuily enough. ono such fittle rubber band has more power reserved in it, weight for weight, than the finest steel spring. Consequently, when the thing is let go. it flies up in the sir like a bird, the little fans serving a8 propellers and the wings providing the necessary horizontal plane. If a toy can be made .o fly, why cannot something that has a really useful purpose? Many of the facta stated above were gath- ered from an interview by a Stan reporter with Mr. J. Elfreth Watkins, curator of the division of icanepectaiion and engineering in the Smith- sonian Institution, who, though he ventured no confident auticipations, admitted that he would not be surprised if within ton years from the present time aerial navigation siouid be- come an accomplished fact, There is in the National Museum at present the original machine mvented by Thos, String- fellow, which took the first prize at the exhi- bition of the Aeronautic Society of Great Britain in 1864. ‘The contrivance weighs thir- teen pounds and is equipped with big wings and propeller wheels, Sliding upon horizontal wires it was mado to fly with great rapidity from one end of the Crystal Palace in London to the other. Asforthe shape of the coming air ship nothing very positive can be predicted, ‘The most successful one ever exhibited was shown im 1883, being a cigar-shaped reservoir of gas with a propelior. With this machine two men succeeded joing up from a given point in New York state xnd returning to the same point after traveling about for some miles in Various directions. At preseut, however. it is recognized that for practical purposes balloons in any form are useless. A machine of metal, run nd sustained by propellers and fans, is destiued to be the successful flying machine of the future. MYSTERY OF THE SAUSAGE. Good Ones Are Not Mado From Cats or Dogs, at All Events. i # ile ip ordinary grades of sausago sold =- cannot by any possibility be composed in a manner that would be pleasant for the consumer to understand. When you buy the product at 8cents a pound you imply a recognition of the fact that the manufacturer can hardly make & profit save by employing for his purposes materials fairly termed refuso, even if es does nct set traps for stock in the cellar and on the back fences, Washington people aro very fond of sausages and good ones are largely manufactured hore- about. The biggest producer in the District jalis thirty young steers and two hundred and fifty pigs every week for making up into this shape. Beef, veal and pork are the three kinds of meat used. The fore quarters of the steers are the parts particularly selected for the pur- pose, for the reason that tho meat from that part of tho animal is found to produce better sausages than the hind quarters, though the latter are frequently employed also. Of the hogs all parts are utilized, except tho ribs, which bring a good price for chops, and the ‘t of the breast that is turned into bacon. Vhat is known ae ‘heavy veal”— tliat is to say, calves weighing 250 or 300 pounds—is made use of entire. CUTTING UP THE ANIMALS. The first thing todo in the manufacture of sausages is to kill the animals and cut them up, Each beast so treated, in butcher's parlance. is separated into the “carcass” and the “fifth quarter.” The fifth quarter consists of the head and feet, the entrails, the brain, the heart, the liver and the lungs.’ For many of thesa things most people would have no use. but there are plenty of customers who like the beef or hog brains for frying and even the lungs for cooking in two or three styles, ‘ripe, which is the lining of the stomach, goes in with the fifth quarter. ‘The carcass remaining after the fifth quarter has been removed is divided with knives and such portions as are to be used for sausages, after remaining in the ice box for some days, are cut from the bones and chopped iato a fine hash by machines with many knives that go up and down ever so fast. After being made into hash in this way the meat is put back into the ice box and, after @ second cold ssasoning, is chopped again. Next it goes to the mixing machine. There aro endiess numbers of recipes for mixing, no two sausage makers using the same proportions of materials or the same seasoning. Some sau- sages are made entircly of pork, while others are of beef alone; but the ordinary kind aro a mixture, frequently alf-and-haif, of beof and pork together. The operator in charge of the mixing machine manages this according to his formula and at the same time puts in the sea- soning—-mace, sage, sweet marjoram and all sorts of spicy things, FILLING THE CASES, Now it only remains to put the sausage meat thus prepared into their “‘cases,” as the butcher calls them. These cases or skins for the sau- sages are the coverings of the intestines of steers, sheep or hogs. They are sometimes so long that a “case” taken from a sheep will stretch occasionally nearly the length of the Center Market, having been wrapped up in convolutions in the animal's body. A machine specially invented for the purpose fillx these long intestinal tubes one ata time with sau- sage meat, forcing itin from a cylinder filled with the stuff. A single case will not infre- quently hold as much as 25 pounds of the meat, When this has been done it only remains to tie little knots of twine about the sausage tube a few inches apart and the product is ready for market. German sausages, so called be- cnuse they are mauafactured after recipes that Germans appr of, are not ordinarily divided into lengths. ‘he speckled appearance of bo- logua sausage. which is composed of beef only, is caused by the fat that is mixed with it. Blood sausage is so called because it contains one pe of beef or hog’s blood to two parts of neat F all articles of dict the sausage is most mysterious, Concerning the manner in which this inter- esting comestible is produced very littlo is known. It is simply necessary to consider tho mar- ket price of animals and to do a little figuring thereupon in order to perceive that the more ——+e0______ Not That Kind. From Munsey’s Weekly. your floor last night, Mr. Blood!” “ Mr. ack Blood —-‘Yee—T am afraid it was Mi wine ch cacnthinens iss Innocent bate? Di I wonder if it’s true in one’ ‘oun ny et 7 TITICACA’S ISLANDS. A Visit to the Birthplace of Inca Civilization, THE SACRED ROCKS AND SOIL. The a Their Golden ‘Temples—Legends of How the Holy Crops Were Raised and Distributed— Palaces, Baths and Gardens. — From Tux Sran’s Traveling Commissioner. Peno, Prnv, September 10. Through tho courtesy of the Titicaca Naviga- tion Company one of the small steamers tiat ply the lake was placed at our disposal for a week's time that we might visit the red islands and otber objects of interest in and around this world-renowned body of water. The name of the lake is of Quichua origin, Titi, signifying in that language “The Gate of the Mountains,” and caca, “nigh rocks or lead;” so called, probably, because at a certain place on the old Inca highway the first glimpse of its dark blue waters may be soon betwoen two enormous rocks. From about this point, a little way below Puno, we set sail one early morning; and after a few hours’ run found our- selves auchored in a little sheltered bay which indents the high and rocky shore of ‘fiticaca Island. To this largest and most famous of the sacred group the Incas traced their divine origin, and to this day it is held in profoundest veneration by their descendants, because tra- dition claims that Manco-Capac and Mama Dello (his sister, who was also his wife) both children of the sun and directly commissioned by that luminary to found a dynasty on earth, hero made their first appearance, WHY IT WAS SACRED, That quaint writer, Pedro de Teon of the and, says: “It was culled ‘sacred’ because of 8 ridiculous story that there was no light in the world for many days, when suddenly the sun arose resplendent out of Titicaca Island; and hence they built there a temple to its glory. which was held in great reverence and hi virgins and priests with mighty treasures be- longing to it,” Gurcilasso, the most reliable of all the old chroniclers, tells us that besides building tem- ples on the sacred island the Indians sought to dignity it in every way as being the spot where their Adam and Eve, coming straight from heaven, first planted their feet. ‘They lev- eled its asperities as far as possible, removing rocks and building terraces. Tho latter they covered with rich earth brought from afar, in order that corn might be cultivated, which otherwise could not Le grown on account of the cold, The yicld was small, but the cars were regarded as sacred and wero distributed among the temples and convents of the empire, one year to one temple or convent and the next year to another, so that each might have the advantage of a portion of the grain which was brought, as it were, from heaven, This was sown in’ the gardens of the ‘Temple of the Sun and the Convent of the Vir- gins, and tho yicld was again distributed among the people of the various provinces. Some few grains wero scattered among the stores of the publio granaries, as holy things which would preserve trom corruption the food of the people, and it was believed that every Indian who had in his storehouso so much a8 one grain grown on the sacred islands could not lack food during his lifetime.” TITICACA ISLAND is only 4 miles long by6 miles wide. Itis high and rugged in outline and deeply in- dented by many tiny bays. ‘There ia a littl village at ono end, where guides may bo se- cured if needed to explain the little that is known about the various ruins, From the landing place one scrambles up a very steep ascent to this hamlct, which in itself contains nothing of interest. but just behind itis the first ruin where, in the golden days of the Incas, all visitors to the island were obliged to tarry awhile, to go through certain ceremonies of purification, before being permitted to enter any of the sacred edifices. the wails of this structure are of limestone, the huge blocks carefully cut and set in toughclay. The upper part of it long sinco fell away, but the lower | pipet still ore well preserved. The ouse was formerly divided into two parts, measuring 35 fect one way aud 27 the other, with a broad platform in front of it, THE PALACE AND BATH OF THE INCA. Climbing with some difficulty half a mile farther up the stony acclivity, one comes to “The Palace of the Inca,” which is situated on the brow of a cliff overlooking tho lake, with a terraced hill behind it. Its walls are very much broken, but enough remains to show the style of architecture, tho forms of the windows and doorways and the general plan of the whole. Close behi this royal pala lies what is known as ‘Tho Bath of the Inca,” a basin of solid stone, measuring on its surface 25 feet by 45, wita a depth of nearly six feet. The smooth walls around this generous tank are overgrown with vines and weeds, and at one end three little streams of water, cach about two inches in diameter, still trickle into it. Though fr queutly searched for, the source of these streams cannot befound, Coming through un- known subterranean channels, they flow today, after moré than three centuries and a half of disuse, exactly as they must have done for the convenience of the Iudian emperors. SACRED GARDENS AND ROCK, Immediately beyond the tank rises the ter- raced hill which served as ono of the sacred gardens. It was evidently constructed with great labor and expense, the walls being made of cut stone, as regularly laid out as if by the most expert modern engincers, There is also a convent for priests upon the island, or rather the remains of one, and many other vestiges of the ancient civilization, Most interesting of all is the sacred rock, upon which Manco- Capac and his consort ’are suid to have first placed their feet when they descended to earth. It lics at the far extremity of the island, There is little to be seen when arrived at the rock except a high wall built around a natural dome of red sandstone, It was formerly be- lieved that no bird could alight upon that holy of holies and live, and that beast, reptile or insect would never dare come near it. Tho presence of mortal man was also religiously prohibited; and to this day the nativos Ap. proach with greatest awe and reverence, For many years none but the high priests were per- mitted to come within sight of the rock, which was plated with gold and silver and covered with a veil, the latter being removed only on occasions of the most solemn festivals, ‘The sloping sides of the hill upon which this lump of red sandstone reposes were terraced from top to bottom and walled off into plat- forms, These platforms uphold the remains of many small structures which are supposed to have been the residences of the pricsts and others who attended upon the worship of Manco-Capac. ‘here was formerly » garden on the terrace, where much of the sacred corn was grown, and all the earth for its construc. tion is said to have been brought on the backs of men « distance of 400 miles! The works of the Incas wore no doubt accom- plished under the samo system as that of the rulers of ancient Egypt, who built the pyramids by the unpaid labor of the people; but the oppression of those days could not have been greater than that heaped by the *paniard upon the conquered race, and scarcely more than the degenerate descendants of the Incas are compel to endure in the full blaze of nine- teenth century civilization, OTHER ISLANDS. As already mentioned, Titicaca Island was expressly consecrated to the sun. Only about six miles distant is Coati Island, which was dedicated to the moon and the worship of Mama Della, Between the two sacred islands lies a smaller one, now known as the ‘Sugar Loaf.” A narrow strait, 700 yards long, separates the Sua Island from a penineula Projecting out from the Peruvian inland, in mut of which lies the “81 Loaf,” with Coati to the right of it, The latter is about half as large as Titicaca Island, pletely covered with ruins, Besides the great “Temple of the Moon” and “Palace of the Vir- ” are other edifices sup) to have been ‘used for houses of purification and residences of the and: their attendants, The Moon temple occupies exactly the center of the island, and a most beautiful structure it must have judging by what remains of its wails and terraces, whose ter Prof. Orton affirms that the llama, guansco, alpaca and vicuna, which all belong to the same family, were the “four sheep of the early Peruvians;” the first clothing the common people, the second the nobles. the third the royal governors and the fourth the imperial family. So the vicuna, a timid, gentle, gazelle- like creature whose long, silky. fawn-colored hairchanges its hues in different lights and has a peculiar gloss resembling that on “changeable silks,” furnished the royal ermine of the Inca kings, and none below nobles of a certain rank were permitted to wear it. The animal was protect by law, as well as by sacred tradi- tions, and allowed to roam unbarmed in the hiils and forests, where it accumulated in great numbers. Tho Spanish invaders first began to ighter it for food, and it is said that the conquered Indians expected some dreadful penalty to be visited on the invaders for do- stroying and eating tho sacred beast, but lost faith in the old traditions when the slayers es- caped divine retribution, THE MOON TEMPLE is elevated some distance above tho lake, and between it and the water's edge is a succession of terraces, all neatly buiit of cut stones. Each terrace has a wall around its outer edge about four feet high, so that if any member of the pricsthood or the royal household committed the modern indiscretion of imbib- ing too much chicha they were in no danger of tumbling down the declivity. A series of atone steps leads froin one terrace to another, so that even now. despite its ruined condition, the ascent is not dificult. Tho “Palace of the Virgins” was built in two parts, around two shrines, dedicated re- spectively to the stn and moon, This ro- markable edifice is still well preserved and is one of the most beautiful specimens of abor- iginal architecture extant. An adjacent is- land, now called Sota, is supposed to have been the ancient “Isle de los Penitenties,” or Isle of Penitents, to which representatives of the ruling race were expected to retire, at leust ‘onco & year, for a senson of fasting aud humil- jation, UNCERTAIN ANTIQUITY. How old these monuments may be cannot be accurately determined, as the ancient Pe- ruvians had no system of writing and there- fore left no records, as did the ancient Egyp- tians, by which we may learn the dates of their history. ‘Their antiquity can only be guessed by traditions that have come down to us und by tho effect of tims upon their structures. ‘The guesses of thoso archwlogists who have given the subject most carefal study are very wide apart concerning the date of Capac’s ap- pearance and the building of these temple The government of the Incas, which the Spa iards found and destroyed, had certainly ex- isted not less than five hundred years and some insist that 1t must have been a thousand years old or more at the time of the conquest. “This great discrepancy of opinion no doubt arises in part from the fact that semi-civilized races, older than the Incas, have left many monu- ments scattered throughout the country and the remains of the two distinct epochs are some- times confounded. ‘Those earlier tribes, wh ever they may have been, were by no’ meai barbarians when the sun children set up their dynasty, Indeed some of the nations which the Incas conquered appeared to have been farther advanced in the useful arts and occu- pations than they themselves ever became, HOW THE INCA CAPITAL WAS FORMED. Starting from the sacred rock on Titicaca Island the children of the sun proceeded on their beneficent errand—to unite under ono government all the tribes that occupied the country and to instruct them in a new religioi Manco-Capac carried a golden staff, which h father, the Sun, had given to him with in- structions that he was to continue his travels until the proper place was reached for found- ing his capital and seat of government, where, as a token, the rod would sink into the ground. He obeyed the divine behest, traveling night and day along the western border of the lake, through the broad, level puna lands that lead up to the valley of Pucura, continuing on to the end of the great Titicaca basin and follow- ing the river Vilcanote on its course from the little lake, La Raya, to swell the waters of the Amazon. Advancing down the valley of that river he finally reached the spot in central Peru where the city of Cuzco now stand when lo! the golden staff immediately dis appeared! So there he found the splendid City of the Sun, the capital of the Inca empire. THE PLACE OF GOLD. In Cuzco stood the magnilicent temple known as Coricancha, the ‘Place of Gold.” History telis us that that on its western wall was f tened a colossal representation of the human face, made of pure gold, from which golden rays darted in all directions, In other parts of the building were golden images, vessels and figures of all descriptions; so that when tne sun, whom they adored, shed his golden beams upon the edifice the whole place was one mass of light and splendor. Underneath the great golden face chairs were ranged, also mado of solid gold, in which were seated the embaimed bodies of the Inca emperors. as they died in succession. In its outer court were smaller temples—one to the Moon, one to Venus, one to the Rainbow, one to the Pleiades, oue to Thunder and Lightning—all of which were richly decorated with gold and silver, And so Manee Capac became a priest and ruler in the land. He made laws and taught the people the arts of peace and war; while his wife and sister, Mama Della, instructed the women in weaving and spinning and the care of their children, Tradition goes on to state that after forty years ot lifo on earth, during which time the heavenly pair did not grow a day older, they returned to the sun and were seen po more, Beginning with Cuzco and the country im- mediately surrounding it, Capac’s descendants gradually enlarged their territory, until, at the time ot the coming of Pizarro and his gang, it embraced forty degrees of latitude und in- cluded more than ten, millions of inhabitants, Since the Spanish coma however, the na- tive population has been steadily diminishing and today thero are hardly more than ten mil- lion of people in the whole Inca domain, Faxxre B, Wanp CARING FOR WINTER HOUSES. The Business Reduced to a System by Local Telegraph Companies. ~/, AN IMPORTANT part of p our business in summer,” said a manager of a local telegraph company to a writer for Tue Srak, “is the taking care of houses that are left vacant by their owners during the heated term. People are coming back to town pretty rapidly now, and at this moment we have not more than fifty dwellings left on our hands, You can well imagine that many citizens of Washington whose homes are filied with beautiful things feel an anxiety about leaving them for months together. A plan frequently adopted is to employ care-takers, and I am aware that a not unusual practice is to permit poor rela- tions or others to have occupancy free of rent for the consideration of looking out for the safoty of the property. But care-takers, gon- erally spenking, aro not to be relied upon, ‘They are more or less indifferent to the preser- vation of what is not their own, and very often they make no scruple about leaving the house intrusted to their care entirely unguarded. “We make a business of insuring the safety of houses left in our charge, as well as of their contents, by the application of a paid vigilance that never relaxes, It is reduced to ‘stem, Each house that we take in charge is supplied with aguard that watches nightand day and never sleeps. Tho guard is a single wire, which is of the utmost fineness ana is stretched continuously throughout all parts of the dwelling to be protected, each door and every window being crossed by it in such a manner that any ove who attempts to enter is obliged to brosk it before doing so. The sec- ond that the wire is broken an alarm is com- Mmunicated to the central office of the telegraph company, giving the number of the house, “An alarm, for example, ri the central station. A bell sounds four at the Intter, wherever he may be, is on his way in a buggy to the dwelling number 247, whence the alarm has come. He goes or takes with him one or two of his assistant tors, as he thinks it most judicious, to the teeth he has no fear of burglars, who in no like have time to get away with EDUCATIONAL, IN WasHiNGTon. YOUNG LADY GRADUATE (EXPERIENCED teacher) Desires Pupils ‘French, Latin, and Mi wenlng eat velareaces Suse x M.. Siar office * 017-3* ORWOOD INSTITUTE, 1407 AND 1409 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE ‘AND 1212 AND 1214 FOURTEENTH STREET. Select Boarding and Day Scliool fc and Litile Giris. “Four lance counecting houses, with pen grounds front and rear. Faculty of twenty-fve proressors ond teachers. Girls prepared for colicge oF for the Harvard e: XAMINATION UPON fH TE OF NORWOOD INSTITU The tuilowing private ciasses will early in yembet 15 lenser , v ‘bridge: Mogern ture dud Current Topica, Mrs, Dou P. Halsey: Elocution aud Conversation, ba: ural ly D. Gailiard; French siterature aud History, Prof. Xavier Yeiliard; German Langusge and Literacure, Frau Emma Poesche: syauush, Fret. J, B. Correa: Dancing, Mr. A. DeC. Niuciler, Ail classes must nuai- ber trom four to tweive persons. Individnai inatruc- tion in Voico Cuiture, Otto T. Simon; on. the Jiuno, Dr. Gloetzner, and in the French Language, Prof. Teiliard. AG pbrtculars addrese Mr. and Mrs, WILLIAM D. L, 1407 Marsachuse ts avenue, Ciniteta Full intoruction Seen Pee urs, 11 to tron dy crpgrience, & W- FLUNN, A. ‘0. VIL 5 VICE AND DEPARTMENTAL ©: Tustitute, «.w. cor, Stl. and K sts, RMAN BY THE “WORD-CHA Prot. PHILIP H. MUELLEK lias ret city. ¢ in German rosiimed :t Len: ew York ave, MUNDAY, Oct. ERS DESIRING EXPE: ing, 142 y ws'on to former pupils, Chilian ter and unmber of Pau-Aimerican Delegates, pesca LESSONS GIVEN TO LADIES bY COMPETENT GENTLEMAN ‘Address M o16- Tpseo. VOEKEY, Jn, ARTIST. Instructions Given in Drawing and Painting, 016-1 1332 Wallach st. nw, ICHAKD G VOICE SUECIALIST, Patrons and retully prepared for Parlor, api ‘istiorni, Concert, Choir, Stage or Opera, Kemoved to 1009 I st. now. 015-6" Adis o tw. ior “ten’ months; and class instruction service examination boo: keeping, by whic o14-lin* “o rs and evel sta e, 1, 30 ine scssicns: private nin prepared for civil he hod of idustrating students advance rapidly. MPUuoKOUGH INSTRUCTIC V a Competent her; wraduated in Address MUSI- 013-60" 1017 CONN. AVE. BRANCH OFFICE 611 127H ST. Practical Tlustratio: d Free Lecture on Gail- dO iginal and Celobrated Metuod, decorated by the ch Minister of Public THUaSDaAY, 23d instant, + parlors of the school, Supt, W. Powell in ect: Speaking Voice Cul: ture, Visible Deep Broathiou, Vocal Gyninastics, Expression Ge. ture, and ‘Tone Illustrated by Diagrams). “Ihe sole and ibfallible means of ue- quiring # perfect pronunciation in Fieneh and other lapgnages, All inteveated iu education cordial.y ta- 0-1in* ARIANO MAINA’S VOCAL SCHOOL; ITALIAN method ; true impostation of the voice, for Graud Opera, Couce ber 1. V19H N prepared opening Septe 1223 PPTEESTH ST. N ‘Tho Misses Kerr's Home School for Young Ladies and Little Childrea will reopen September 24. 09-tolin pro asp THEOR _ MR. H XANDEB In wow located at _08-Im pre the Capital . ege and Civil Service in- stitute) wives private mstructions from 6 to 10 o'clock 1000 O st. u.w. to ludies aud yo: service oF coll sia c - OF- INE E PAMISIAN FAMILY AND DAY SCHOOL adies and Children—strictly limited. All the Classical Branches taught in French. Now Opened. Adress Monsieur sud Mine, Dis GAKE NES, 1428 N st. aus COLUMBIA, CONSE ‘ORY OF MUSIC, 9 Va: ave. Thorough instruction prinuary, ahd vanced course; piano, violin. &e. EDWIN HART. Prin, late of New Eugland Conservatory of Music, Boston! 2 Woes COMME, ‘apitol st., SCHOOL, 407 tol Hill P.O. In suc and heartily indor Pra pd writing, crammur, WISHES TO INFORM HER FRIENDS Is that in addition to her usual classes, 0 Pierce piace Tucsdays, ‘ihursdays she will also teach Monda: sy ya, commencing Octover 15 her uew studio over Veerhotl's Art Store, 12: o4-lin* \ednes- ocution, childres ish, 1600 Toth we Ew KING, HAVING LATELY Ke turned from advanced ha jn Europe, now lo- cates in Wasiing.on and 1 ive Lessons in the Cultivauon of the GRACE A. aking oF Stuging Voice at her studio, 1100 13th st. n.w. At home between Band 6:30 pan o3-1iu* D% 208s 2 cacLrrELD Ww ie Lessons o2-1m? 8s Feaxcus ty ITCHELI’S, HINDERGAUTEN n2-2m°* OcAL LESSONS, MKS. HARRIET MILLS, Rewoved to 1127 10th st. nw, # resuiued SEPTEMBER 15. hildren, T Learn to Di ? - Crayon, Pastel, Water Colors, China end Oil Fainting. Saturday ¢ . Call and see the wonderful progress of Students. Portreits tu order from 810 to Rh hus had 12 med most celebrated ex Academy of Fine Art SHORTHAND S taucat in sixteen easy lessons. Proficiency in three monte Lypewri tan sions day an sin Euroye. &200, 2. Pumuings for sale. 04 E at. ___ EDUCATIONAL. ANHINGTON. Tbe Corcoran Scientific, me cor, 15th and H etrects ibe Law School of the University. n.e, cor. 15th and pb? Modicsl. School of the University, 1325 Het. Be Pa ets oo peer ean ol8-tr JAMES O. WELLING, LL.D., President, RNOLD WILFRIED MEYER. GRADUATE OF 1. & Orcantst Assembiy rian Chureh, Mihi wive Instructions in Pismo, Organ aud Theory: Will mail circular tor intormetion, references, Thoderie, “Addsees Lii0 10th ete &e. Terms Im* AINTING. DUAWING IN CHARCOAL AND Crayon taught by Mase LULA CANFIELD. Cin ou Saturday for Children. ‘Lerms reasonabie, Stud: S21 Lith st mw, Call or send for circular, ot me YOUNG LADIES AND CHILDREN'S SCHOOT. 027 ¥st.. boctns October 1. 1800. Preparatory courses for Collexe and Civil Service Lxsmiuation. we LAUKA 0. fa‘ Tus BERLITZ SCHOOL OF LANGUAGES, 723 14th at, now. Best and Most Practical Instruction, Terms $10. Tranches:_ Ni York, Lost Fhiladelphia, - cage Terie Berlin, Loudon, a iy H. PUTNAM. M.A, (HARVARD), WITH 9 cient ass 1 isin coch department, wil Reopen h school ior Yours Men sod ww ew Octcbar 2. e pUbuc schools, Couleses. Therouxh preparation fo reigners a special : r EMY OF THE HOLY CROSS, 1312 MASS, sbraces thorough breparstory and Sciout Courses and affords every advantage in Literature, ung led: at ‘Trains tcave Taton Depot, 6th Am, for Newport Dorfols daily. Arrive at Old Norfolk at 6:40 p.m. daily fo r stations ta lbs Vireumia, West Virwinia, Kentucky and Cuncinneth Vestibule through without change to Gin: Cinnat, arriving at 739 a 11:10 p.m, FV. Vestibuic Limited. datiy, sone trains, wit without streete 10. tat 10pm, m., Cincinnatt Express 09 pm. ivania avenue, H.W. PULL Genoral Fassonser Asstt D OHIO RAILROAD. fect Jupe 26. LSVG, ua station corner of New Jermey a ®yenucand Catreet. ‘or Chicazo and Northwest, Vestibuled Limited em Bios Gaily 11550 am, express P30 Pam. canna xt Louis and lidianapolia, express For Fittebury and cass me ad Se ard Cle express daily 9-304 11 Jo 2 #8 and points in the Shenandoah Valen i Wuehester and way ations, 15.30 p.m or Luray, 13.30 aud "8-4 7 ter Baltiuiore, week day», >. 5 00, 6.35. 7.20 7 $0.11 200, 12-00, 40 i o> aa ¥ Rec 730, 835 10.sa Washinston and Balt 12:10,3:25, 4:33, 6. BS Cer Tse nem VO For Way Btations between WOM, 4:00, V8, 8 -F0 mae di Poms Sues, Oa Musicund Art Viuno, Harp, Violin, Guitar and Banjo Lessons given. General Vocai, Drawing and Fancy Work free. aulzw M® ¥##50n seminary, &W.COR M. AND 11TH STS,, WASHINGTON, D.C. BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR SOUNG LADIES AND LITTLE GIRLS SIXTEENTH YEAR BEGINS MONDAY, OCTOBER SIXTH, Thorough instruction in ali departments in accor’- ance with best modern methods, Buildingsremodeled, enlanved and furnished with every appliance for health and comfort of puy!+. including passenger ele- Vator, steam heating and perfect savitation. For fur- ther particulars apply, after September First, 1890, to ‘ipal, MRS, ELIZABETH J. SOMERS. BIA COLLEGE OF COMMERCE, | 23 Le. ave., ity Post othce, Given the Best Dusiticer Iraimng {tthe principal being joint author of t ceived the oul gation at the Worid’s Fuir held im Pazie, 1 thorough courses: Bur , ‘delegraphy, Shorthand, am scholarship 'from €39 to $50, ‘Situations wuarant when competent Write or call jor catalogue. cS C.K, UKNER, A.M. CE, Prin, wees bd SY. LD ste. now. m that qualifies young xt wud useful liver rengementa f ¥ix schools, rom August : School. buglish language, business arith- metic and rajid writing; Moral and’ Social Ci Iture; School of preparatory Enwiish. including elementary bookkeeping: School of Shorthand and ‘Cypewsiuus, anelu an School ot Spence- ran Pr nie «ling teachers’ wor. mal course and blackboard writing chanical aud Architecturai Drawing, including govern- ment wore ; School for Civil service Traimiug, individ- Bal and class instruction. “Day aud Night Seasious, tar ac i payable $10 on eutering und balance on mont! hip for business course, day seasione, €70, bly in: " 36. payable ‘¢1n wontily instaliments of full on eutering. Quarterly $1 night seswious, “Write or uouncement for 1890-1891. 3 HENRY C. SPENCER. LL.B, Principal. MKS. SAKA a. SPENCEK. Vice Principal. aulG YEARLY BOAKD AND TUITIO; Military Academy hy; best car EFISCU! ‘action ma, ction; co} addouteld, My OF 1619 MT. VERNON ‘a teacher of hixhest stand ing, Ne school, will educate Lumit-d number of iris of fr-t-clavs families, Special eution giveu to Music, French aud Art, al 3-wEs36 PLEWOOD INSTITUTE, CO\CORDVILLE $180 per year. One of thie best schouls to teuch nd virls how to meet the duties of life, Five {study. Boys under 13 years, $150. JOSEPH SHORTLIDGE (Yale, A.M, Prin, LAND SCHOOL FOR GIRLS, SANDY Montgomery county, Md., reopens Sept. ‘Thoroth tuning is med at, with the influ: ence, a8 fares porsibic, of abome government. The umber i¢ limjted and especial care is given to the healtu of the scholars, For circulars and further iu- formation address HENKY C, HALLOWELL, A.M. (Yale), 3o18-4m_ Saudy sprinx, Md, __ LADIES’ GOODS. pepe ROHR, - 5 se 3 Mathes arioee 1410 Peanertvenie ave 018-39 Opposite Willard’ CCORDION PLAITING DONE UP TO 72 INCHE! Deep. ‘The most delica deny. 1 cate fect condition. SIMON MEN of Baltimore, Md. Washingt & Fiske, 427 9th stu. w. 604 ae Sg, OLPOSTEE POSTON, HOUSE, Fashionable dodiste. Walking Costumes, veuiig Dresses and Kiding Hable, Lmilor system, Prices trom 86 up. 016-cosm* D yg ME. 5: BiLLE & CO. DE PAKIS, A” Curtains and Laces done up equal to new. Cieaning, Feathers Dyed, Curled uid Dressed, F¥ ud Kid Gloves Cisaned. Dry Sup 171246 Lt, cor. Conn. o7-1m* if free tostudents. ADIES WISHING THEIR FINE LACES DONE evening. eetudetin helped to oben pee = ey oo gag Ley and Sauna i “ resnes, Lace y, at reasonable sitions, “Head Sehvol of Acme Fbonozrayhy, | eM AD Aa VarROs1%S cil sang es F. J, MULVEY, Principal 66-2 au30-2m IANO LESSON ‘MISS CLARA HARRISON, Pupilof Dr. Win. Meson, N. 1019 Ost. n.w, x ier’? Br. BOARDING AND DAY SCHOOL FOR YOUNG LADIES AND LITTLE GIRLS, 2 ‘October 6, 1890. Thorough instruction. Lest of Teachera, For partio- ulars address the principal, or Dixs. ELIZABETH H. MYERS, M®® 48812 Lovise voweLt, VOCAL INSTRUCTION, 1513 Khode Island s27-1m. ave. \HE WOMAN'S GYMN carpi Gl4 127TH sf, WILL REOPE PROF. and MES. HAR’ 927-3 CHOOL OF SHORTHAND AND TYPEWRITIN Boe OSPEN CHAN BUST SS COLLEGE. CO. 71H AND D STS. N ‘Thorough preparation for official and business post- tions. Exper.euced and successful teachers. A con Stant demand for graduates from this school. Day d Evening Terms moderate. | Call or m 1p HE MEDICAL.DENTAL AND PHAMACEU LICAL ‘Departments “of Howard. University. will ive Giincti¢ and clinical instruction durincthe” nating Vouing and day. i veuing lectures Will be from. }:0to 0:30 'p. mL Daly lectures and Clinics from 11am, to? pun. CLINICS, George M. Perry. Isinor Surgery by E. A. Balloch, Children by Dr. Thomas Miller. Eye und Eur by Dr. E. Oliver Belt, Dispensary by Dr. F. J. Si Special Instruction in Autopsies by Prof. D. P. Lamb, Dental Clinics by Prof. J. &. Dufour. Aud Dra J. E. Lee, Starr Parsons and Walter over. alvetoul UTION AND ORATORY, LOCUTION & ‘Catalogue Now Ready, ‘The course in ELOCUTION prepares the for Home Heading, Public Ieclials ead’ Teschers’ Post ona, ‘The course in ORATORY prepares the for Lec- tures, Debates, Public Addresses, A! nner fogs Arguments, Pulpit Oratory and Political ‘Specches, dealing with manner and matter. iplomas, Degrees and Teachers’ Certificates con- terredo The etcoeas ‘of ous graduates bas sunpesond all expectation. MARTYN COLLEG! 218-4m Gle ety stnw, ‘Iss AMY C. LEAVITT, PIANO &XD"iTARMONY, s18-tr 1226 Massachusettsave. nw. ‘CADEMY OF ACTING, 614 12th st. ow. _Large lustrated Catalogue sent free. 018-4m J; Dw. C_ TOWNSEND AND MISS ADA L. TO’ E END.” mA — END, Teachersof Klocution, Oratory snd Dramatic Action (Shaftesbury at 1317 Toub ate 2 = ea N_&. Conservatory, Boston, Mass. culate free. 1000 ree ot Dew. ACCORDION PLAITING AT i Keduced Kates; Skirts Keplaited ard and up; Fashion J w. Fives Be. per ¥ Finkang, “LUCAS, 908 th st, @1. Kose INDUSTRIAL SCHOU © t.w.—Dressinaking, Millinery avd Cl ‘framing Kitchen opened tor the winter ‘Home-made Cakes always on hand, HOK uli journals, Uc. ; sch 2023 G ST. jidren’s Suits. o2-Lin ft FRONTS! FRONTsIt Always in order by plain combing MLLE. M. J. PRAND! prt US2u F et. p.w. (Mrs. ADIES’ OLD STYLE SEALSKIN GARMENTS Dyed and Aitered into Newest Shaj sain Jackets Capes, Be. to Order. CUNNING! ‘auz6-sm APA GILBERT DERNIN Has moved from s4-2m 610 to 720 13th st_n.w. QRENCH DYEING, SCOURING AND DRY CLEAN- INGE: MeNT > New York ave. Ladies"aud Geut'e'workof every deect irst-laas Ladies Gent work ton. Flush, Velvet and venting Dresses AN TON AND CAKULINE LEKCH, tormerly with A. Fischer aud Maison Yriese, Faris, ded NTON FISCHER'S DRY ©) ING ESTAB- LISHMENT AND DYE WORKS, 9U6G 8T.N.W. eu’ aud Gent's Garments of all Kindscleaned and Dyed without being ripped. Ladies’ Evening Dresses @ specialty. 4 birty-five years’ experience. Prices mod- erate. Gvods calied for and delivered. ory LL-WOOL GARMENTS, MADE UP OR RIPPED, A’ syed! ‘uscke dyed egeed mourning Slee. ee Oty 906 G st. now. Hours, 9 a.m 08:30pm Sendaya2to Spm Bittings, 0c. Earlors, 603 12th st, nw, 018-6 PARKE, THE CELEBRATED CLAIR- po Healing Medium. Born with a caul; re olo-iw" 815 Net nw. I cern EO WONDE! Me, DREMER, THE ONLY WONDEREOL Gn Sunday trom 10 «im t0 8:30 pan.” diDy Sua kee o13- 1m‘ ant re rit with Caul fo 107 wen. PRINTERS. i 4 ie Leave AnLEE OU pan, Sundae Metropolitaa Branch, 16.3 Por Pructyal sratious ‘ou Kock ville and ay Stats 14.33 pom. re erbUTK aud Wuieruiebate pute 19 20:00, T1100 an n 3 ty Ee AR oR ea =. mize 2 > pan the For Boyd's aud intermediate stations, * mm, Chureh lea vox Waskinytou on Bunda) wt i213 Pam Pall stations vis Metropoliten Morac oi 76:30, 68:30, $9 Errerss S115, 13:50, 14:30 pom For Hagerstown, 110-40 am, apd 15.30 p.m. ‘Trains arive trom Chicago daily 11:45 a.m. and from Cipcuuatl and St. Louis daily 3:90 30 Rk, trom Pitebung 7:10 aim. d.08 am. daa DEW AOKK AND PHILADELPHIA DIV Bor Kew hors, Trenton, Newark Nd. and Lhees “4:03, 18:0, 71000, "1200 ati, "Zoe 0:90 p.m. buBet bariot Care on ad Car op Wwe 10:30 p.m. opee Fmediate points between altimor Duladelpiia, 16:00 “aud 47220 act. Te-0U, “Lrains leave New York Wank: “9:00 $21:90"ean, 22:00, St *S.00 pus and “128 Jeave Philadelphia for Washington, 4:24 os *H1dO wu, 118, ad om 50 p.m., with Pullman Buslet Sicop- through to Boston without euange Bridwe, < passougers an b. ube re aud ir) " as wh 150 For Atlantic © 12-00 neom Sune ma 1 os, G19 aud 1391 Penn. ave. {depot CHAS. U. SCULL, Guu, F te 3.7. ODELL Gen, Mlauaser, 7 Oo ABS, HE GREAT To THE Aun) WEST ANB Or WE: x STAND >OUTH Ss! DOUBLE i KACB. BPLENDID SCLNEK wd BILLL MALL MAGNIFICEN £ BQU ENT. : In effect May 41, 1: TRAINS LEAVE WASHINGIUN, FKOM STATION, QUKNEA OF 6TH ANY Bott kis, AS FULLO For Hitteburg end gne West, Ch ago Lauasived $1 Pullman VesMoule Cars at 40:00 a1. Gal Past Line, 10:90 aim. daily to Cui Sod St. Louis, with Bleeping Cars Uurx to Inunnapois, Hitsburg to ‘Bt. 4 us Dd Seep ius burg to St. Louis, Clicaxo mud Cin net Piing Car Harrisburg to St. Lowis, Cusco and Cicanau. Western express, at 7:90 p.m. dally, Sith Bicep ing Cars Washington to Chicago aid st. Louis, conor tug dutly wt Marrisbure «ith through eepere ts jor Louimvidle and Mouplis 2 dining car Pittebure 10 wud Chicageus Pucite Expross, 10:00 p.m. daily, for Pittsburg at Rie West With Uirough Sleeper to Pitisbu-x, Yitxbure to Chicuso, BALTIMOKE AND POT’ For hune, Cauani POTOMAC EAILNOAD, ua, Kocbester atid’ Niacare Pall Guviy, exeeps SULdY, B10 wine a ng For brie, Censudamus aud kocuester daily; for Bat. fe.oand Niagara daily, except daturday, 10-00 pans with Si; us Car Washington to Kocbester, Tor Williamsport, Lock Haven and Kuawe, at 10:50a mn. daily, except Sunday, For Williamsport daily, 3:50 pom. FUR FMILADEL HLA, NEW ULE AND THEEAST, , v 140 em, 210, 51a 20 pau,” Ou muuday, 3:15, Express 0 0 aan, daily, eace York ouly Limsied Layress a dely FOR PHILADELPHIA ONLY. Fast express 8:1 ik days » oA. tate dur Bosion witucut change, 8 ‘a days, and $16 p.m. every day. For Brovkisn, -ail through trains connect st derey City’ with boats of srookiyn Auhex, afford tu direct trauafer to Fulton street, avi duubie fernage across New Vouk city. For Atlantic City, 11:40am, week Gaye, 11:20pm 9:00, 9:40, 20.00, VS, ~:10, 3:40, 4:90, 8:00." 5:40, "C00, 7 as 20:00 aud 4:20, £ Full ulinuan Pare 20, 8:10, 1:40 am, 4 9:00 am, 12-05 and 4:20 Dunday. Sundays, 4-0 ame OUTHERN RAILWAY. 11, 180. oT MA sy r ~, + 1204 noon, 2:0: 10-08 and 11-30 pam. 9:40, 10:57 am, 2% pas) Byte ya 1107 Rule 00, 22U, 9220 abd 10:37 p.m. Tickets aid niormaiion st the office, nortbeastcor- per 13th st. and beupsylyanis av SUNG Atl 98 the Station, where orders can be left for the checking wae te deo! from hotels aud residences. CHAS. &. YUGH, _@. kk. WOUD, Geveral Manager. Imy12] General Passenwer Agent ICHMOND AND DANVILLE RAILROAD Co. dehedule iu eftect JULY 13, 1890. 5:50 a.1n.—bast Teupessee Mail, ‘daily for Warren. ton, Gordonsville, Charlottesville, Lynchburg end Blatious between “Aleaundria and ‘Lynchburg, Roau- Ee, Auanta, Bristol Kavsville Chatianouge aud jeany) 1-24 am.—Fast Bail daily for Culpeper, tesville, Stations Chesapeake and uri, Kocky Mount, tween burg fahevilie, Charlot, loutgomery, New Orleans, California. “Pullman Sleeper New dork two and Pullman ry Auiante pore Atlanta to Kew vricens. gull quan Rleeper Deuviile to Columbis aud Aucusta, Pui Bieepers Washingtou to Cinciauali via C. and d tern praia 1100 p-m.—southera 2: daily for Lynchbarg, > 2 ia, Asheville, “Charlotte, Columbia, tanta, ‘Mon: » New Uricaus, Lexas sad Caitiornia “Puliuan VeetiOule Car Wasuieton to ew Orleans via AUunta and Mou ve Biceyer Washington w Bi