Evening Star Newspaper, April 4, 1883, Page 3

THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON. WEDNESDAY. Lod D} iP UNEASINESS IN EUROPE. innd—The Liverpool "rasta ietniaes secret are Abo ‘Them—Lady Dixte a Fraud— Gladstone and Wailes— Artista in ar ‘The New American Tariff on ‘Art_Irish Deportation to America— Ete. From a £pecial Cable Letter to the New York Sun. Loxpox. March 31.—There remains a very strong feeling on the subject of dynamite, and the numerous arrests made during the week in | Engiand and Ireland have increased the general | uneasiness. The infernal machines seized at | Liverpool on Wednesday were of a very for-| midable character. Each consisted of a well- | made tin cylinder, containing two gallons ot | plosive material, tie whole covered with an outer casing of canvas neatly stitched. The! throwing of the package against the ground would have sufficed to explode It quite as effee- tually as the fuse whieh was also provided Deasy, thie Irishman in whose possession th Were found, is not over twenty years of age. Very little information was got from him by the police, but a letter found in his pocket led to an impertant arrest. The polive authorities any that the capture trustrated two attempts to blow up government buildings, one in L erpool, the other in Manchester. Both ¢ plosions were to be ted this week. a erts assert that the machines are identical im power with the one used at Westminster. The police believe them to be of tern adopted by the dynamite faction, and say that they were undoubtedly made in America The explosive is a simple form of nitro-glyce- Tine held in sawdust, extremely powerful. and pus to transport or handle in any way. explosion of one on the Irish steamer by which they arrived would have been certain to sink her. These occurrences, the threats to blow up the post. office, the doubling of the military on sentry duty in London, and the menacing jetters received in every direction | make the pub h. ere is ho cali temperate ce ever d alt | 1 andard pat- | In ft. Queen V about it, havin, Lady Florence, celebrated gil Isor to Lady Dixie's to inquire into ail the cireum- es of her outrage. i what with the in- of the weather and the mystifieation Into which her ladyship plunged him. he took to his bed and di ‘The Queen is deeply afflicted over the loss of her servant, and the whole press speaks of him with great respect and at almost as great lenzth as it he had been The public expression as made of her regret is itextraordinary. He had served thirty- | in the royal household. \istone is spending a few days with the it is begin- | led that he will not | the house of commons after the Prince of Wales ut. Sandri Ring to be generally cone appear in Nn. ce Gortschakoff died at the house of Mm Braun at Baden. He had been greatly attache to her for some time. and he intended to leave her a large fortune. He was taken violently ill | after the arrival at Mme. Braun’s house of his | fon, Mich rtchakoff, and died without | making his will, his illness being attributed to a verrtable poison adimmnistered to him, The artists areup in armsin Paris and London about the increase in the tariff on works of art | is has stated that Mr. I through at { led in London tat 1s copious. nd students was held | at whieh he was de- s Were passed express- nee, who had thr: her own students, | prevented the | Her Maj “an nd Miss believed that Mr. ppear it is hited. The systematic deportation of the population Of parts or the west ot Ireland was bezun by the | goverpment yesterday and will be continued during the next three months. The Allen line | work, and its first vessel. | ved her proportion of emi- ants yesterit slacksod They were pught off tro’ eimullet in t sot the man-of-war Seahorse, whien has been detailed | for the daty on the west coast. The people are | described as looking well and being happy to go. The overnment pays the expenses of the | embarkation and passage, and each emigrant | gets assistanie besides from the Take fund. They will be landed in Boston and will be | do ap rving will be i Nestorian, rece followed ou the 1th by another steamer full | for their lack of antiquity that they feel bound | from Newport and Beimullet unions. emigrants are rightly describe Worth the while some of the Merests to secure the if these it should be estern land —— ee —____ Windy Weather. From Harper's Bazar. No one who is at all subject to any affection | ef the chest should expose hingself to high wind. | A high wind is always more or less cold; and, en the other hand, no matter how low the tem- perature is, exercise may, as a rule, be taken with benefit and comfort, if there be no wind. The nervous, too, should avoid exposure to | Is, else headache will be al depression of the whole sy will Cold wet winds, especiaily those that biow from the north and east, seem to possess effect upon the mi Ss result, | sult ina fit ot dys even dysenter winds that this climat a. OF | east | months in | y » invalid, or | to consumption and vy But the by people liable to ner can Any amvunt of care in d them against its evil in just and the atinosphere . when in towns ground. and in the open ¢ y xh surface lie thick and x ing the air we bre Bpon even the healthy therefore. if the greatly dr son- are hard) suffer. Night and sometime: i © 8 often even worse—but of athing malaria or | wiasmata: and this danger is greatly increased Mthere be mist, or fog, or even dew. It ought be gene known that pasture-lands, | Woods. pleasure-grounds, and small lakes of | Water such as we have in our most beautiful to| ful | h places, even in the most delight evenings of summes How best, then, are the more tender among @s to shicld themselves from the evil effects of | weather and baneful atmosphere? The | answer to this question is this: we are to clothe | @urselycs in such a way as to be proof against | old and wet. and at the same time do alt we | an to keep our bodies as near to the disease- | Resisting standard of health as possible. Exer- ise must on no punt be neglected, but it | @ught not to be exercise of too trying or even | too exeitins akind. We ought to study the! Bind and quality as weil as the quantity of tood | We eat, not forgetting that people are all apt to | qr on the side of eating too much. It is the| feed which is digested with comfort that sup- | ports 1ife. Whatscever lowers the nervous system ren- @ers ue more susceptible to atmospheric i il vice versa. Healthful sleep should rocured at night, therefore, but only by ¥ationa! means; and daily and complete ablu- tion is imperatively ary. People who are sudject to colds be ‘particular to have | ar ntilated and comfortable, e m, but not heavy. 1| am quite convinced that colds are caght as | often in bed as out of it, and th ghests would do weil to wear a ce hest-pro tor | at nicht as well as by day. The part of the | Body moct frequently ur cted at night is | thal between the shoulder-biades. Many a one takos every care to w up well in bed, but | Feaves this door open for illness to wale ta; and many x fatal ‘liness might be traced to colds ‘thus ca’ it in bed. o ‘lon. says the boston L , of the adage that “all ‘f weil that ends weil. Among the ladies of Vienna tereing is very Gshionable. The belles of Paris also indulge in | offering for sale a recipe for maki A meet- | F | went one day toa hou: | the head of the ecrew. COUNTERFEIT BRIC-A- RAC. Degenerate Condition of the Furniture Trade—The Lamentation of an Old Dealer. From the New York Sun. “T have been a dealer in old furniture and art curiosities—bric-a-brac is what they call it now— for more than thirty years,” said a sexagenarian ofthe east side, “and have seen a great many sad changes, but what grieves me most is the present demoralization of taste in art matters, and the degradation of a large portion of our once respectable business. Deceptions in curi- osities were often practised in the old days, but these, bad as they were, reacted upon the dealer oniy. Buyeis used to demand genuine work and pay for it. At present men buy imitations as suc, poor, miserable, weak imitations turned out by the thousands and try to cheat, their friends with them. “A big, burly fellow asked me boldly last r some cheap furniture ip Roman and ompeiian forms. He said ‘Such things give a or of antiquatedness to our homes.” 3 ul gracious! flavor of antiquated- ners! Why, that horripnle brute was brought up on 4 three-legged stool. Yet, while he was talk- ing he showed symptoms of wanting to sit down on that fine rococo dressing table. My son was actually bullied into selling him for #6 a Mary Queen of Scots private bedstead he picked up in Avenue A. You would be surprised, sir, at the number of the fools who come here to buy things which never existed outside of European palaces. But imitations often suit, if the price is right. Here is a Vene- tian mirror. It is small, but genuine, and is very costly. Now, what makes a Venetian mir- ror valuable is the enormous amount of hand labor bestowed in grinding its bey They must be followed up through all their curves and arabesques, and finished with exquisite ac- curacy in every part. But what do you think of attempting to imitate such lustrous prismatic crystals by means of vulgar, dingy pressed glass? Yet such artistic shams are turned out by the thousand. They are fancy glass mirrors, | of course, but they lack absolutely the one pac- ticular quality to which the genujne article owes all its wondrous beauty. The thing is base,sir, utterly base. “In delicate cabinet work the same frauds prevail. This bit of Delafosse’s handiwork is a case in point. The carving, you observe. Is beantifal, and is done with asure hand. Try to do the smatiest part ot that work on round surfaces, and you will see what | mean. Well this box is worth $100. You may get the s called elegant imitations for #350. It is all pressed woodwork glued up and stained. Its caryings are stamped in the steaming mill. There seems to be constant, feverish strug- gle to make everything resemble something whieh it is not. “Oh, no, 1am not afraid ot injuring trade by anything I may say upon this subject. When people are crazy alter fashions of any kind no amount of reason enters into their caiculations. The greater the deception the larger will be the sales. If the fraud is known to the purchaser he will not complain, provided the price is low, and he thinks he can deceive his guests. In any th the flavor of antiqui for which Only last year the Cabinet Maker, an English journal, printed an advertisement Queen Anne furniture. It sold well, judzing from the quantities of the queen’s weak-lecged chairs that are disposed of. People must know that they are buying imitations. “In the matter of chairs. the recklessness of dealers is almost beyond belief. One of them sold a full day—a full set, mind you—of E; for a 5th avenue din- ing room. “It reminds one of the man who bought the ‘Life of Agricola’ in two volumes, when what we know of him wouldn't make a common tract. In this case the goods were anted genuine, and a high price was ob- tained. The set was of ebony throughont, yet the useum itself can boast of but six 5 rs inall, and only one of them is What were the imitations made of? Wh of common beach wood. They boil it first in nitrate of iron, and then h it with extract of logwood. That is the way to make real Egyptian ebony. As to antiquity, I once saw a workman in the fixing-up room of an antique furniture dealer pick up a chair and deliberately smash it to pieces on the stone floor. Then he set to work with his glue pot and some American putty to repair it. If a customer should question the ripe of its years, the dealer would point to the repairs and Temark, quietly: ‘Our ancestors must have Placed a ine on that article, or they wouldn’t have spent so much money in keeping it in good order.” = e is a little laugh among the trade just 4 dealer who puts on the esthetic style her heavily with his customers. It seems that a wealthy buyer came along and asked for antique furniture. ‘Have you a Louis Quinze feeling? asked the dealer. ‘No; confound it,” said the customer, ‘I want some old chairs; of them old antiques.’ ‘ou see that the present rage for clas- sic furniture is a direct outcome of shoddyism. The newly rich have been so heavily reproached to protect themselves with old articles, or old imitations, which they pretend are inherited. I in Madison avenue to The _pro- to his furni- cl is a superb piece of ‘it’ was made to order for my great-grandfather, a fine old wiishinan, and here is the old gentleman’s clock. The old gentieman’s clock was a fraud of the worst de- seription. Even the works were not designed until he had been in his grave for halt a cen- tury. and on turning up the chair IT found it to be poorest possible American imitation of the English Glastonbury. ‘The trouble with many people who want to give the ‘antique flavor’ t¢ cheir house furnish- in t their cravings run into a mania whi it is impossible for the dealer in brio-a-brie to satisfy without decei 1 had a customer who wanted an imitation Dagobert That was well enough, but jie insisted ing my son's guarantee that it was genu- In a moment of most reprehensible weak- hess my son gave it to him, and now I think the owner really believes itto be genuine. At all attention one of the chairs in the world, and that one is in the Louvre, he is the subject of considerable unpleas Am T an unc not; my artner bouzht genuine Egyptian mui se, made in good old Con- it. When I entered the cl; year, and pursued my was amlets to Fairfield and * 1 clocks and Puritanie cab- ived that the old state was ic shades of throu: of t ok in sew: t work, I not free from guile in the matter of furniture. | pe A Fairdeld de: chairs w ‘on brought forward a couple of i he said had been in an old Connec- ticu: family for three cenerations. He would sell the set, six in all, for $125. While we were hageling. my man had been on a tour of inspec- tion around the place. He soon breathed a few words in my ear, and business was closed | abruptly. Tt appeared that the deacon’s barn was half-full of make-believe old furniture, which he regularly peddied out to summer visit~ ors. The so-cailed relics which this wicked dea- con spread befure me were ingeniously decep- tive. Isaw imitation worm holes (bored with @ gimiet) in his furniture; there were many in- dentations and false mendings, and the stamped brass mountings had been touched up with fle and hammer to make them look as though made by hand. He had a cherry chest which I wanted to buy until I saw that the bottom was clinched in with the Malleable [ron Company's patent horseshoe nails. Of course he showed a vener- able chair that Putnam had sat in—they all do that. The old general must have rested often in his remarkable career! “The mummy casket? Yes; I had forgotten. It is for a customer, and will stand in the cor- ner of his library, labelled ‘Rameses I.,’ I sup- pose. That man has a whole suit of plate ar- juor of the eleventh century. Rare? Slightly. Plate armor did net come into until the year 1300. Cowpiete armor of even the fifteenth century 1s hardiy to be found outside of the Tower of London. But the sheet-iron shops do a large business nowadays.” — vee How to Take Out Screws from Waod- work. One cf the most simple and readiest methods for loosening a rusted serew is to apply heat to Asmall bar or rod of nd, if reddened In the fire and le or three minutes to the d_ serew, will, as soon as it heats the screw, render its withdrawal as easy by the serew-driver as if it was oniy a recently iron, flat at the applied for a e¢ inserted sere As there Is a kitchen poker in every house, that instrument, if heated at” its extremity and ap- plied for a few minutes to the screw or screws, will do the required work of loosening, and an ordinary ecrew-driver wil do the rest, vexation of spirit. In all work above the com- mon kind, where it is y to use screws, and particularly in hinge work and mouutings, Zaney fastenings and appliances afixed to Join- ery or furniture work, we wou!d advise the oil- ing of screws or “ipping their points in grease before driving them. This will rerder them the exercise. So did the wives and daughters @f the early settlers in New England, but they @wung the axe more than they did the sword. more easy toaave and also to withdraw, and It will undoubtedly retard fer a longer time the action of rusting. or without causinz the least damage, trouble or | OUR NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOR. Glimpses at Cotemporary Life im Mexico. From Brockleburst’s ‘Mexico To-day.” THE CITY OF THE TRUE CROSS. Vera Cruz, baked to a dull pink, confronted us out from behind a tawny sand bank. Clean cut against a keen, full, blue sky stood church towers and domes, surmounted by burnished crosses; here and there stately palms might be perceived en silhouette, while snow-white houses, adorned with colored Venetian biinds, peeped over walls and fortifications ragged and Jagged as the outer surface of a rough oyster shell. On the right a feathery column of white smoke indicated the direction of the railway, and on the extreme left stretched a dull, dead n of sand, all without a break save the dust rraixed by a train of passing donkeys, till it met | the sky line. Dim and shadowy specters filled the background, mountains jealousy enshrouded in a mantle of clouds. What ascene! There is no time to take notes: our copper-colored boat- men, in ever so white drawers, cut away at the knee. scanty tunics, and straw sombreros, are nearing our boat to the shore; such flashing teeth, glittering eyes, and blue-black hair. FIRST IMPRESSIONS OF THE CAPITAL. Thad seareely been a day In the City of Mexico when I sallied forth for the purpose of purchas- ing a map, a guide book and pocket dictionary, in Spanish and English, imagining that I had nothing to do but to enter the first bookstore, pay my money and take my choice. No such a I wandered from one shop to another, invariably asking the same question, and inyari- ably receiving the same reply: “No, senor: the Americans have bought every guide book and { Spanish and English dictionary in the elty. We have written to Europe, and expect a fresh supply in six or seven weeks.” in the City of Mexico everything has a Spanish look, and 1s as different from what one sees in the United States, even at New Orleans, as Italy or Spain is from England. The sun js_hot, too hot trom 10 to 4 to walk much, except in the shade; so horses are recommended. In Mexico no one who can afford to buy a horse of any kind ever goes on foot. The horses are mustangs, small, 14 or 15 hands high, the price being from $80 to $150; but «ood horses are to be bought occa- sionally for halt this. price. fectly. Their mouths are so fine that they an- swer to the slightest movement of the bit. On my first canter down the Pasee I slightly cliecked my horse on approaching come re stones; he stopped dead short, and so suddenly, 80 unexpectedly, that I still marvel how I kept my seat. QUAINT AND PICTURESQUE EFFECTS. One thing that strikes a stranger in the streets is that mafy of the buildings are sunken and distorted, on account of the foundations sink- Ing by reason of the spongy nature of the ground. Most of the church towers have set- tled out of the perpendicular; so have many of the public buildings, notably the Minerla, or school of mines, whose magnificent facade is, owing to this, more of a wavy than a straight line. In some streets the handsome doorways of the houses have sunk a foot or two below the pathway, and the head must be low- ered on entering. I noticed that the foundations of all new buildings are lett level with the ground for a year or two, to enable them to settle before the superstructure is added. Earthquakes do occa- sional damage, and the last one, some 40 years back, destro: several churches. [t is for fi reason that the palace and most of the. houses | are only built two stories hizh, and all fhe prin- cipal buildings appear sufficiently massive and solidly built to withstand ordinary shocks of earthquake. All the houses in the streets are quaint and picturesque, many of them en- ‘hed with quaint carvings, stucco ornaments, bright coloring, and large striped sunshades or blinds to the windows and balconies, behind which the young ladies of all dexrees puff cigar- ettes and make eyes at their beaux in the street The streets are at right angles to each othe | from nerth to south and from e . | are perfectly straight—there is not acurve in any of them—but the monotony is relieved by squares and wardens; some of the cross streets short. THE MEXICAN PRESS. Mexican newspapers have rather a continental character, official announcements, and novels |or other light reading being a prominent fea- | ture. There are 12 scientific, 25 political, 4 re- | ligious and 3 literary newspapers published in the Many of the political papers appear daily, the type and the paper being fairly good. That there may not be wanting a supply of | readers in the next generation, the municipality | sustains 35 day schools for boys and 45 for girls, ! ide many night schools; some of these I vis- ited, and found the course of instruction similar to what is given in other countries. DAILY LIFE OF THE PEOPLE. The City of Mexico is what Paris is to France, being the seat of government, the center of rapidly growing railroad system, the mart of gommerce and the abode of nearly all the wealthy land owners of the republic. Life and property are perfectly safe, though I one day eaw a large knife taken from under the cloak of acountryman when he was searched at the city gates, Police are stationed about 100 yards apart all over the city. They are well-dressed, and paid €1 per day. There are several things which strike a stranger favorably in the streets of the city. ‘rhe people move about politely without ‘crushing or crowding. Ladies and children can return from the the- aters, cafes, or the Zocalo, st late hours of the night without -molestation or such offences as wight cross their path in London: jand what has been accomplished ina city of 300,000 inhabitants 1s being extended to the | neighboring cities and country districts, with | pect of soon rendering all parts of as safe to travel in by day gr night ‘ity of Mexico itself. The Mexican d keeps e: Chocolate about 7 a, | a hea ."* called alinuerzo, it | may be bre luncheon or dinner, between 11 and 2; in the evening, chocolate, ices or some ous | events he tells his guests so. As there ts but | Meht refreshment, followed by the opera, thea- | ters, or, what to me was far more preferable. an | lient band of music in the gardens of the ‘a. The hotel and boarding house accommo- | dation of the city Is barely sufticlent for the pre. sent influx of American visitors; and, should a | mleman desire to visit the ‘city with {his wife and family, It would be well| , {to secure rooms beforehand by telegram | letter. The Mexican hotels are for | | lodging only, and your meals must be eaten at | the'restaurant attached, or elsewhere, as fancy may dictate. The street called San Francisco vet, prolonged by Los Plateros, nearly a mile in length, and running from the Plaza Mayor to the beautiful gardens of the Alameda, is, from its position and excellent shops, the Most gttractive and fashionable street in the city. ‘The new street of the Cinco de Mayo. from the Teatro Nacional to the cathedral, is partly under construction. It will bea noble street when completed and the avenue of trees con- tinued its whole length; but, unless it is lined with shops, it will not compete, from a business point of view, with San Francisco street, which is the great thoroughfare of the city. The shops havea perky, Parisian appearance, not that of the palatial establishments on the boule- vards, but rather that of the third-class streets of Paris. The city swarms with soldiers, and the sound of the trumpet-call startles the ear at all hours of the day and in the most un- expected places. The soldiers are generally seen walking about loosely in large groups, under the charge of an officer or of the sergeant—this for fear of their absconding. They are soldierly little men and fairly well dressed. But the rural guard carries off the palm. These men are fine, smart fellows, and wear a most picturesque unl- | form of soft buff leather, scarlet silk necktie | Horses are seldom | shod; they are taught to walk and canter per--| j by x ee prise that I phould remain 80 close to tle equator through the summer months; but the elevation above the sea and the suow upon the mountains tend to render the climate delight- ful. There is a freshness and briskness in the alr, however hot the sun may be, that I have never experienced in any other country. Young ladies, until acclimatized, discover that waltz- ing is out of the question, and gentlemen lodged au quatrieme do not go up and down stairs of- tener than they can avoid.” A clear unclouded atmosphere, at an eleya- tion of 8,000 teet above the level of the sea, in the tropics, puts everything couleur de rose. There is no heat, no cold; thé average tempera- ture is about 60 deg. and the; atmosphere clear that, when you see the mountains at the ends of the streets, they appear close at hand, instead of being from 20 to40 miles distant. All the houses in the city have @ gay appearance; such as are not white or light yellow are tinted with various shades of red, and many of the churches may be pronounced pink; 300 or 400 yards of a street in pink, has a pretty effect, es- pecialiy if continued in pale green; a house in gray stone adjoining another faced with blue en- caustic tiles 1s, to say the least.pleasing to the eye of any one who for months past has only gazed upon dwellings of dull red brick. PUEBLA AND ITS PECULIARITIES, The City of Puebla strikes youfrom a distance as all domes and steeples, surrounded by a vast plain of wheat ona dead level. The city con- tains $4,000 inhabitants; It slopes to a stream that runs through its center, the drainage is food, and the streets are wide and beautifully clean. At the best hotel the meals are served at little tables ina large, open upstairs eorridor, which runs around the court of tie hotel. This corridor is ornamented with shrubs and flowers and cages of singing birds. It was the best hotel I found in the country. The city, viewed trom one of the cathedral spires, presents no out&kirts, the streets ending abruptly on corn- fields or’ broken ground. Near tho rallway sta- tion are two large cathedral-like churches, partly in ruins. One has been utilized as an fron foundry, and the other as a cotton weaving aud cotton printing establishment. It was an un- usual sight to look upon tall, red brick factory chimneys, puffs of steam from the ends of tall iron pipes, and long lines of freshly printed calico hanging up to dry, all intermingled with domes and towers and vaulted church roofs. Many other churches, convents, etc., in Puebla had been turned into hospitals, schoots and libs The nunnery of Santa Rosa Is now an insane asylum. And so it is all oyer the re- public, the church buildings haying, since their confiscation by the government, been devoted to secular uses. Troops are often quartered in barracks which once gave shelter to cowled monks, THE COUNTRY AND ITS RESOURCES. Mexico has a territory equal to the German empire, France, Spain, Great Britain and Ireland rolled into one, and yet its population is only a little larger than that of the two kingdoms of Holland and Belgium. The country is at peace. There is far less political disturbance to-day in Mexico than in Russia, and Mr. Gladstone and his ministry would have a bed of roses to lie upon if Ireland were but half or a quarter as tranquil. The cities of Mexico are large. The capital has the population ef Baltimore; San Luis Potosi is the size of Geneva; Leon is larger than Antwerp ; Silao 1s equal to Metz; Guanajuato is larger than Verona, and Puebla and Guadalajara are exactly on a par with Ply- mouth and Wolverhampton, England. There is not a known mineral, save eryolite, which is not found In Mexico. Humboldt’s opinion still holds good that “this vast empire would, under careful cultivati produce all that commerce collects together from be.” the rest of the globe. When I Am Dead. ‘When I am dead, I would not have the rude and gaping crowd Around me gather, and, ‘mid Jamentation loud, ‘Pell of my virtues, and With vain regret Bemoan my loss, and, leaving me, so soon forget. But I would have the few, the kindly heart, Who, when iisfortune came, so nobly did their Da And oft by thoughtful deed thetr love expre: These would [ have, no more, no less— When T ain dead! When Tam dead, T would not have the high and storied stone Placed over my grave, and then be left alone; But I would have some living thing I once did love, Ere I did leave the joyous world above, Placed o’er me, and 1n each syceveding year Td have my friends renew them, and oft linger near, With loving thoughts upon the @ear one laid OW, And talk of times departed long ago, . yen Tam ced, When Tam dead Forgive—O this I pray far more than all— The anguish I have caused, the deed beyond re- call. Think kindly on me as I le, so cold, so still, So poor a subject tor thine angered fil, Think of some generous deed, some good word spoken, Of hearts bound up I found so sad and broken; ‘Think gently, when this last long rest is mine, And gaze upon my form with looks benign— When I am dead! —Frank P. Daly. ee “CARRIAGE” AND CHARACTER, Manner Is Wel More Than Manners—The fale Daily * Walk.” Prof. E. P. Thwing in Phronological Journal. Your coach is a deceptive index of your true condition in life, but by your *‘carriage” you are known and readof all men. It is more than a figure of speech when the Bible associates character with one’s ‘* walk and conversation,” and again, when it says, ‘having done all, stand.” The drili-master’s first command to the soldier is “Stand well! ” The apostle’s last in- junction fs the same. God’s special blessing is on the up Such are likely to be down- right. Positive characters and weak ones are thus distinguished, The reyeller reels, the miser stoops and the voluptuary yawns, but the true man shows his inward disposition by his outward bearing. He stands, not as the pugilist or fencer, with one side advanced, as in a hostile attitude to give or take a blow, but aquo pectore, uniting possession and dignity with gentleness and grace. One's manner is more than his manners. he latter are acquired and are often so artificial that we call them mannerisms, and regard them offensive.. But one’s mind or air is inclusive of far more than those arts and artifices learned in the schools, The whole outward appearance, including the dress, goes to make up this atmosphere which one carries wherever he goes. His habits make his “habit,” the garb In which he is known day day, a “second nature.” as we say. His custom becomes a costume, which he rarely lays aside. The wiry, nervous man moves with rapid gait; the phlegmatic man with heavy step, and so on with various temperaments. "Then there are other principles that form a test, illustrated, for instance, In the stealthy, creeping movements of the thiet, the halting step of the inquisitive, or the aimless walk ofthe day dreamer. “I know that that man has been a soldier,” sald ont. “How?” “I know it by his walk.” He carried the trunk and shoulders steady and firm while the motion of walking brought into action the lower limbs. The turning in of the toes is not a favorable sign. Some associate it with mental weak- ness. A shufiling gait is another teli-tale sign of character, Bu A school to teach | would require a volume. youth to walk has been established in Philadel- phia. A noble, graceful carriage is a more use- ful ceo ener than dancing. If shoe- makers will only help the teachers of such a school by making sengible shoes, there might be hope of seeing here the graceful: step one notices | and sash, gray felt sombrero, richly laced with | silver, gauntlet gloves and high buff boots, with spurs—the rowels as large as cheese plates— carbine, revolvers and sword. Their horses are highly bred, and so exquisitely trained that they obey the pressure of the knee, the rein being seldom, if ever, used. If a country or government may gain credit for the excellence of its philanthropic institu- tions, I would rank Mexico, under its new regime, as high as any country I visited; education {s compulsory between the ages of 5 | and 14; waifs, strays and neglected children are swept into the reformatories, and the establish- ment for teaching the deaf and dumb enables its inmates to talk a language of thelr own. The large majority of the institutions of the city have | their local habitations in handsome quadrangle | buildings, most ot which were originally con- structed for conventual or ecclesiastical pur- poses; open porte cocheres, or trellised tron gates, lead Into them from the streets; the quadrangles are filled with palm trees, flower- ing shrubs and lovely creepers. A cal rical description of the minor institutions would but ; Weary the reader, yet I have a word to say for the mili and municipal hospitals, whose v tilation and cleanliness are unexceptionable. The theaters and tivolis, the lens, the clubs, the gardens and lounges of the city claim to be equal to those of any other city of the same The seats in v" - ae the public lens were al- wi CLIMATIC EFFECTS. Many of my friends, he says, “expressed snr- among the humblest Spanish ite. But art will never Impart the polish which trae culture gives. It Je the soul within that illumines the face, that gives a persuasive charm to the voice and perfection to gesture and to step. Here ethics and wsthetics unite. It 18 “by his person- ality,” a8 Goethe says, that man acts on man. If one wishes to charm or to command by either “ALWAYS BEA! From the Atlanta Constitution. A few moments after death had taken place some one remarked on the calmness and tran- quility with which Mr. Stephens had faced it from the first. Dr. Steiner said: ‘‘Such aman as Mr. Stephens could havefaced any sort of death with perfect calmness.” Some one asked about his religious belief. Dr. Steiner said: “I was with Mr. Stephens several years ago when he was very low—he thought he was dy- ing and I was very fearful. I was going to Au- gusta for the night when he stopped me. He said ‘doctor, 1 want you to see medie. Except Toombs and my family I think more of you than of any man onearth. I wantyou with me when Idie.” I agreed to stay with him. Shortly afterward Dr. Irvine came in. He said: *Mr. j Stephens, I will go out and see Harry aad his family, and when I come back, if you have no objection, I will read achapter in the Bible, and we will have a prayer.” Mr. Stephens’ said quickly: “‘Tdo object and most decidedly. T have no objection to prayer, for I believe in it, but Ido object to deathbed repentance.. I have madeit therule of my lifeto live each May as It it were going tobe my last. In the heat of politics I may have sometimes forgotten myself, but I am no betterto-day on my deathbed thanI haye tried to bé every day of my life, and have no special preparations to make and no special pleas to offer." “That was Mr. Stephens’ creed and belief. I heard him say on another occasion, ‘Real ayer means to throw yourself at the feet of Jesus Christ and to pray trustingly. My prayer 1s the Lord’s prayer and the publican’s prayer.’ Mr. Stephens’ creed was simple, but it would have sufficed to have carried him without tremor through the most terrible death s' gle. It was the rule of hislife to live ever as if it were to be the last.” Momg Thoughts From Abroad, day Ob, to be In England, Now that April’s there, And whoever wakes In England, Sees, some morning unaware, ‘That the lowest bouzhs and the brush-wood sheaf Round the elm tree bole are in tiny leaz, While the chaffinch stags on the orchard bough In England—now! And after April, when May And the white throat build stlows, is, and all the swal- lows— Hark, where my blossomed pear tree in the hedge Leans to the field and seatter on the clover, Blossoms and dew drops—at the bent Sprays’ edge— That’s the wise thrush; he sings each song twice over, Lest you should think he never could recapture ‘The first tine careless rapture, And though the flelds look rough with hoary dew, And will be gay when noontide wakes anew ‘The buttercups, the little children’s dower, Far brighter than this gaudy melon flower. —Robert Broining, * —— Wolf Baits. One use of the whalebone to whicn the Es- quimaux put it, and one case of which came under my personal observation, I must not al- low to pass unnoticed. Whenever wolves have been unusually predatory, have destroyed a favorite dog or so, or dug up a cache of reindeer meat Just when it was needed, or in any way have aroused the ire of the Innuit hunter, he takes a strip of whalebone about the size of those used in corsets, wraps it up into a com- deer sinew, and plasters it with a compound of blood and ‘grease, which is allowed to fi ana forms a bin x cement sufficiently stro to hold the sinew string at every seco Es third of mei and blubber, snow or ground, and t it along with the oth is scattered over the hungry wolf devours and wien it Isthaw omach, it elonzate 5 the well-known effect of whalebone on the military advantas seflects are more rapid, k tod out by the warmth of his and hi of interior lines At Sea. wrough’s April Century. One does not seem reaily to hgve got ont of doors till’ he goes to On the land he is shut in by the hills, or the forests, or more or less housed by the sharp lines of his horizon, But at sea he finds the roof taken off, the walls taken down; he is no longer in the hollow of the earth’s hand, but upon {ts naked back, with nothing between him and the immensities. He isin the great cosmic out of doors, as much so Janda a: t earths has disappe horizon has gon has only the sky and its orbs lett; this cofd, vitreous, blue-black liquid through which the ship plows is not water, but some denser form of the cosmic ether. He can now see the curve of the sphere which the hills hid from him; he can study astronomy under improved condi- tions. If he was being borne throngh the in- terplanetary spaces on an immense shield, his ions would not perhaps be much differ- He would find the same vacuity, the same inite. oppressive out of doo For it must be admitted that a voyage at sea is more impressive to the imagination than to the actual sen The world is left behind; all standards of si of magnitude, of distance. are vanished; there is no size, no form, no perspee- tive; the universe has dwindled to a little circle of crumpled water, that journeys with you day after day, and to’ whieh you seem bound by some enchantment. The sky becomes a shallow, close fitting dome, or else a pall of cloua that seems ready to’ descend upon you. You cannot see or realize the vast and va surroundings; there is nothing to define or to set it off. Three thousand miles of ocean space are less Impressive than three miles bound by rugged mountain walls. Indeed.the grandeur of torm, of magnitude, of distance, of prop tion, etc., are only upon A voy the Atlantic Is only a te y sail through va- cancy. ‘There is no sensible progress; you pass no fixed points. Is it the steamer that is moy- ing, or ts it the sea? or is it all a dance or jllu- sion of the troubled brain? Yesterday, to-day, and to-morrow, you are in the same parenthe- | sis of nowhere. The 300 or more miles the | ship daily makes is ideal, not real. Every night the stars dance and reel there in the same place amid the rigging; every morning | the sun comes up trom behind the same wave and staggers slowly across the sinister sky. The eye becomes a hunger for form, for permanent lines for a horizon wall to lift up and keep off the sky and give ita sense of room. One un- derstands how sailors become an imaginative and superstitious race; it is the reaction from this narrow horizon In which they are put—this ring of fate surrounds and oppresses them. They escape by invoking the aid of the super- natural. In the sea itselt there is far less to stimulate the imagination than in the varied forms and colors of the land. How ¢old, how merciless, how elemental it iooks! ge uCTOss | | | content Man’s Comparative Weakness. It has been discovered that the flea can leap two hundred times its length. Our admira- tion at this is changed to astonishment -when it 1s demonstrated by calculation that if nature had endowed the horse with a degree of strength similarly proportioned to his weight, he would have been able to clear the Rocky mountains at a bound, and that with a like pact hel mass ‘like a watch spring, | havi previo sharpened both ends, then ties it~ together with —_rein= turn. This, with a lot of similar looking baits | ing the poor wolf, with the horrible | agonies,in acouple of days.—Liew!. Schwatia. voy | aging to the moon or to M An astrono- inic solitude and vacuity surrounds him; his ly guides and rk steller; the | blank or nezative space, the same empty, Indef- | THE WORLD'S CHOCOLATE How the Trade ts Affected by @ South Americaa Revolution. From the San Franciseo Chronicle, The revolution in Ecuador quickly affected the chocolate trade of the world, the reason being that Ecuador bears just the relation to the chocolate market that the marshes of China and of the southern states do to the rice supply. It is the great producing field of the raw ma- terial—cocoa—and, when an embargo ts laid upon the exportation of that, the manu- factures at once commence to take stock ot their beans. The last shipment of cocoa to the San Francisco manufacturers was on the twenty-eighth of January and the date of the next ts altogether a matter ot conjecture. The consequence is that the price of chocolate has gone up 2 cents a pound to the trade in this city, and, unless Ecuador soon settles down and Guayaquil is freea from the Insurgents, it will advance still higher, and the consumer will then begin to feel the differ- ence in price. A similar rise in price has oc- curred in New York and London, with the probabilities of the 2 cents growing into 3 cents within a week or two. The trouble with the local manufacturers fs that, if the stock of cocoa grows much smalier, the ill be obliged to pre- pare for an emergency by importing the raw ma- terial from New York at an additional expense of 3 cents per pound freight. While on the subject of cocoa it was found by conversation with members of the two firms of chocolate makers in San Francisco that there were certain points ot general interest in the subject, as indicating a very promising growth of the local trade. Inthe first place it appears that the imports of foreign-made chocolate have so decreased that at present there are not over 500 pounds brought apnually to this place. On the other hand, the home product hi gone steadily upward until the two local fac- torles now make from 300,000 to 400,000 pounds @ year of chocolate for restaurant and home consumption and about 50,000 pounds for confectione The product of the factories is not entirely used on this coast, for San Fran- cisco has in its turn become an exporter of cho- colate. One firm has recently been appointed purveyor to the governor of the Philippene Islands in face of the fact that there are factories there and that the islands are a dependency of the olde: late making country of the world—Spain. The same firm has received the gold medal at the Australian exhibition, the sil- ver medal in Paris, where this maker's best brand was said to equal the high French stand- ards, and the silver medal of the French Society of Culinary Art in| New Yerk. The other firm supplies Mexico, China, Japan and British Co- lumbla, and both deal largely with St. Louis and Chic It is a rather peculiar circumstance that the two latter cities take a better grade of choco- late than is used in California, or, rather, that they take only the best quality." Some of the chocolate used in California Is, indeed, of such inferior quality that the makers abstain from placing thelr name on the article. Wherever the best California chocolate has gone it has gained the verdict of being the equal. if not the superior, of the highest fore brands, the reasons being that the climate of San Francisco is particularly adapted to its manufacture, an even temperature ot 72’ being the t desir- able, and that all the materials requit vanilla, and the Cocoa bean, are ii Again, home goods have come to the I these few facts show that California like so many other products, has en- into suceesstul competitio ith what bee be regarded as the specialties of the old world. | <9. | ‘The Encore Nuisance. From Texae Siftings. Let us supposea hungry man goes into a res- taurant, and orders dinner. He finds it excel- | lent, and devours it with a relish, Worcester sauce, probably. If he encores that dinner by thumping on the floor with his cane, and shout- | ing “bravo!” until he is hoarse, the proprietor of | that hashery does not furnish the entimsiastic | asecond dinner, except on the express unde | standing that he is to pay for two meals instead of one. into a cigar store, investsa nd, upon lighting it, discovers | that itisvery ane, That man may stamp the heels of his boots, but under no circumstances does the tobs pnist come forward, with a gracious bow and beaming and hand out a compli- mentary cigar; at least. we have never noticed anything of the kind. These things being so, how does it happen that an intelligent andier that has 1 ahead admission will zo on wx to tear the opera house ja 's do not duplicate the pro- two dollars’ worth in- If the performance 1s 80 much than the audience expected, it seems to us | that it would be more reasonable for them to and over another déilar aplece at the ticket as they passed out after the performance have tever observed any Austin | audience do that tlus far, and we have watched | them closely as they passed out. See ‘Dhe Passion for Collecting. When the late Sir Henry Holland was a yery old man he regretted that in early life he had not taken to collecting and he touched off its | advantages in a few neat sentences. The inter- est, he said, “is one which augments with its gratifications, is never exhausted by completion, and often survives when the more tumultuous business orenjoyments of life have passed away.” In short, he placed collecting where our fathers used to place w The young man who does | not collect: will be iniserable when he is old. The | inexhaustibility of the object adds immensely to the advantages of collecting. When Heber had ens of ¢ | better 1 be an equally good judge of all the thins he buys—ivories, bronzes, embroideries, Srasxe ar THE MISFIT STORE, CORNER 10TH AND PF STREETS sa Te Spring stock of fine clothing at the Matt now complete, — variety adn ¢eplnores ‘while prices cannot be equalled anywhere, ‘Special attention is called to BOYS CLOTAING. AUITS POR BOYS FROM 12 TOIT: Good Suite for $5, worth $8. All-woo! Suite for ‘$6, worth $10. Splendid Suite for $7.00, wort it Suite for $9, ‘$15. Bisck Cloth Suits for $10.50, worth $18, ‘Fine suits for $12, worth $26. FOR ROTS FROM 4 TO TI: Good Knock-about Suits for $2, worth $3.00, Nice Suits for §3, worth $5. All-woo! Suits for 4. worth $6.50. Bitgant Sui for $6. words 410, SPRING OVERCOATS FOR MEN AND YOUTHS. Overcoats at $6, worth $10. Overcoate worth $12, $10, worth’ yercoute at elton silk faced Spring Overooats at $25, hor oa worth a — sia Fine Mi worth $25. SUITS Fi Good Sulta at 86 Netter Suits at All-wool Cheviot Si R MEN AND YOUTHS; worth $10, itr (10 mip les) at $10, worth $18, teat #10, worth $18. 1) All wool Casaimere Suits at Black Diagonal Suits at $12, worth $20. wey inal Diaron a Coat ‘and eek Frin-e Albert . worth $25, “Fine Brown Tricot Coat and Vest, Prince Albert style, at $18, worth £30, Black Tricot Suite, cutaway frock, at $15, worth $25. Pine Corkncrew Suits at $15, we : Blue Flannel Suits, warranted indyro, at $10, worth ‘Pine Yacht cloth Suits at $15, worth $25. Black Cloth Suits, double breasted frock, at $18, worth $30. Gossamer Coate at $2 50, $3 and $3.60, worth fully double. = PANTS 50, $3, $3.50, $4, $4.50.and $5; must be preciated. GUARANTEED TO ALL PUR- ‘RS OR MONEY REFUNDED, THE MISFIT STORE, CORNER 10TH AND F STREETS. The Misfit Store has no connection with any mb23 te eet td be N.B. other com cern ih the cit} New Crormxa Hovse. ROBINSON, PARKER & co., 319, 8. E. Con. 71u axp D.8ts, ENTIRE NEW STOCK or MEN AND Boys’ CLOTHING ar PRICTS WITHIN THE REACH OF ALL. “tLING OVERCOATS A Srrciary. ROBINSON, PARKER & CO. mh16-3m —-319. 8. E, Cor. 7th and D Sta. N BARGAINS IN ALS DEPARTMENTS. GENTS’ FURNISHING DEPARTMENT, ENGLISH HALF-HOSE, WORTH 50 CENTS, AT. CENTS ONLY. WHITE SILK Ratan KERCHIEF, WORTH $1, At 68 CENTS ONLY.4 KIGGAN UNDERSHIRTS AT 50 CENTS, CORSET DEPARTMENT. THE CELEBRAVED C. P. CORSET IN ALL THE FANG! HS ORLY $2.98, ONE LOT OF LANGE SL AS WORTH §1. IR¥ CORSETS. WHITE GOODS AND TABLE BALBI NEN. ALL THR POPULAR BRANDS OF -MUSLINS AT PRIMI COST.” THE B BARGAINS IN TOWE! | THE, FROM 10 TO 25 DRESS TRIMMID G DEPARTMENT. HayrNar MPORTED LARGE! LY MY OWN ST! ENABL 1 i z FFE: all, or nearly all, the rare books he knew of, he | ANOTHER LOT OF RARE AND CHOICE PAT. j began to gather duplicates. The print collec- | TauD AT IO CERES ONEY TONE eT ae tor, in the saine way, begins with ordinary im- |, CHON LACE AT SCENTS A YALE pressions. He thinks he can get together a com- NOTION DEPARTMENT, | plete set of some master, perhaps, and succeeds MACRAME CORD IN ALL : HADES, | pretty well until in an évil—or shall we say a BOYs' CLOTHING happy?—hour he comes upona proof. Then all A FULL RTOCK aUsT RECEIVE gan. must be proofs. First states are rare, but all SUITS FOK BOYS FROM 4 TO 12 YEARS AT must be first states. As his eye grows in knowl- a none * KILTS THE BEST ASSOKTMENT edge he perceives that no two impressions are cit ‘ exactly alle and that aie one is good for this | LOW PRICES FoR GOOD Goons. feature. another is good for that. Against the - , particular collector may be set the universal;| Be ay § Mauata os ss | but universal collecting hasa serious drawback. | BBR) AA BU Maun It seldom approaches completion in anyone} Bau £84 “yy MMM Seay > branch. ‘The omniverous collector is, as a rule, : ily pleased. It is impossible that he | ™mh2 416 Tru STREET. — Stationery Depanm ENT Elzevirs, pictures, abs, gems, porcelail coins, etchings, and so o! A grain of special knowledge will be more useful than a catholic appreelation of the beautiful in every form.— Saturday Review. ssc EE = Some Queer Fancies, From the Bradford Star. “Yes, I read that article on stage people and thelr superstitions,” said an Erie conductor, “and I must confess that we railroad men as a class are equally superstitious, I am not speak- ing about that supetstition that clings to one after an accident, but of that possessed by reg- ular railroad men. I know a conductor who wears a long face the whole trip if the first ticket he should take up would be that of a col- ored man. He has never had a serious acci- dent, but is always afraid of one when such an occurrence happens. I have known him to carry it to such an extent that if a colored man should happen to be his first passenger he would sit down and not gather up the tickets until the next station was reached. effort a whale would be able to leap to a height of two hundred leagues. What else can be more unassailable than these conclusions, founded on weight, measure and calculation? It is true that, if instead ot comparing the weights ot the horse and the flea, we had com- pared their heights, we should have found that the horse’s leap would not measure more than 300 meters. vy is preference given to the weight? Because it is its whole body with its three dimensions and its density that the flea of these functions it will be thro the ti ofthe moral sensibilities, 1; oe ‘By aan training, a person will come to wield by his walk and talk, his eye and his ‘unconscious es- tures, a power over his fellows alike and beneficent. zai Sap ++ A Funeral Without the Corpse. From the Pottsville Miners’ Journal, Some days since an old woman, upward of ninety years of age, died in a neighboring county. The usual arrangements for the fu- neral were made, including a wake. The coffin was closed and taken to the place pf interment, where the service was duly gone through, the coffin lowered andthe grave filled in. On re- turning home, however, the relatives were amazed to find the corpse of the old woman ly- ing on the bed upon which she had expired. They had simply forgotten to put her in the cof- fin. They took her to the grave in a cart, di up the empty coffin, placed her in it and event ually had her securely planted. Ration etcas aS The cost per annum for cremating 7,000 bodies at Bombay 1s $15,000. oe hurls to 200 times its height, and it is the same feat of strength that we demand in vain of the horse. Calculations have also been made to show that, if a man could move witha proportioned to that of certain insects, he | pat would be able to travel more than ten ik ina minute, or sixty times as fast as a railroad in. The Amazon ant ing to battle, travel from two totwo and aha Tueters @ minutes. The |.Amazons of antiquity to be even with them, we Judge by the relative heights, should traveled eight leagues an hour. 'e have, how- ever, in this case, to compare the forces with which given masses move themselves, and should take account of weights or volumes. 1f we proceed by this rule we shall obtain formid- | teen cara often able m that st the boldest-imagi- nations, The warlike inhabitante of the banks of the Thermedon would have to get over 50,0001 es an hour. Yet, who can deny the trath of fre observations, therigor of the meas- urements, or the justice of the reasoning?— From “Dwarfs Giants,” by M. Delbcuft in Popular Science Monthly for April. pasolseeracacsies {lee fo Arkansas has doubled its population in ten years. It is now the fourth cotton state. That’s a mild instance, however. A horseshoe is a railroad man’s universal insignia of safety. Yon will scarcely find a freight train on any of the roads without a horseshoe in the caboose. Brakemen sometimes carry a whole one in their pockets, Engineers are scarcely ever without one in thelr cab. If anything happens to delay atrain on the first four or five miles of its tripan engineer is always superstitious of bad luck all the way through. we known one of them to enter a way telegraph offic? for orders and anticipate an answer to ‘lay over’ just because it was his ‘off’ night. Some engineers get to be- lieving that certain portions of the road are inst them, and no matter how nicely their in “glides over it they are apprehensive of rer or of veing late. “ Conductors are tainted with the disease, but not 20 seriously. If the first pasteboard handed acertain one I know when he siarts on a trip should be a he Is certain that he will have It bad luck dufing the whole run. Brakemen do have | not show the ptoms so plainly, because they have less todo with the management of the train; but even they do not it. Should a breakhead fly off, an evil omen is conveyed to the mind of some of the craft. A train of thir- ives them the blues, I have known one to mias a trip because the train he was to run on had that‘number of cars.” —_—__+o-—__——— Aegean pie neem a year, mostly prisoners, their own lives in Russia. At the Zoological Garden: “ is that a gorilla?” “No, child, it’s only a ‘d The Indian says that a numerous tribe In Onna enon Queen goddess. or A. BRENTANO & COMPANY, FASHIONABLE ENGRAVERS. Wedding Invitations, Reception and Visiting Arms, Crette and Movograme ELEGANTLY ENGRAVED, (Corde Printed from Plates, Paper and Envelopes Tita= mineted snd Stamped in Bronzes and Plain Colors, A LARGE AND VARIED ASSORTMENT OF MENT AND DINNER CARDS, 1013 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, 10-8 Couxex liu Sraeee, Now Res ey SPRING STYLES. GENTS’ DRESS SILK HATS, at $5, $6, $8. New Bhapes, Derby's and Square Crown HATS. JAMES Y. DAVIS’ SONS, mb8 621 Pennsylvania avenue, ¥ Caurorxm Rev Woon, 1, 1%, 13g axp 2 Incres Tacx. thick . ALAR HURRY MAHOGANE ASH, WHIT, OAK and HICKORY a 4 BUffise LUMBER = es Por sale at prices by 308. & J. E. LIBBEY, OFFICE, 3018 WATER STREET. mb27-i:n Georgetown, D. C. H, » 248e = TMPORTER AND TAIZOR, (131) Pennsylvania Avenue Northwest. Rego fay ope can ue wtp fat wi mien igi ick, fond ald By Le or DO, =i