Evening Star Newspaper, April 5, 1882, Page 2

THE EVENING STAR: WASHINGTON, WEDNESDAY, APRIL 5, 1882-DOUBLE SHERT. Workinzmen’s Wages. ‘THE RATES PAID WERE AND IN OTHER CITTRA. ‘The wages of the trades in this District nave not all been settled for the season yet. By a compar- fgon of the rates already adopted and those pro posed, with whose in other places, it will bes that only an averag ‘Ss struck here, and in a@number of cases the S are not as high as e het carpenters tio work after May per day, - iy tre ‘unton and their Wages from BW io * has been mutusily egrest wy the boeses’ assocta r ners and scroll Sawyers will work at per week on and after the i5th inst. Finishers are working for the nt at $4.20 per day, and the wages out- The bk ths, bosses amd understand — perday. The umbers and gas f ly 8k $150 per ay, the patntors $2 $3 per day, stone cutters $3 per day and laborers are getting $1.75 to $2 The brick layers vet $4 per day from this date. Some of the Mechanics cl:tm that when the | ce of ma > expense of | Hiding will not be 2) per cent over lest year, and | that the advance fs'to be attributed more to the high prices of materials brought from other cities than to the matter of wages here. ‘The New York Sem of Sunday prints the fol- lowing as the rates of dail wages paid to work- men in varions cities Saturday, the Ist instant: Brooklyn, $4; Bos- ineinn att, $4.50; Phila- 0; Baltimore, $3.50. at Bei w York, #5; Brooklyn, $4.75; Boston, $5.50; Chicago, $47 Cincinnatl, %; Philadelphia, $3.50; St. Louis, $4.50; Baitimore, $4. Carpenters—New York, $8.25; Brooklyn. $3: ton, $3: Chicago, $2.75; Cincinnatl, $250; Philadel- phia. $3; St. Louis, $3.35: Baltimore, 2.50. ‘abinetmakers—New York, $3.25; Brooklyn, $3; Boston, $3: Chicago, $3.50; Cinctnnstt, $2.50; Phila- delpnais, $2.25; St. Louts, $3; Baltimore, $2.56. Finishers—New York, $125; Brooklyn, ‘ton, $3; Chicago, “innatt, $3.25; Philadel- Dhia, $2; St. Louis, $1.25; Baltimore, $2.35. Founirymen—New York, $3.50; Brooktyn, $8.5; Boston, $2; Chicago, $3; Ct att, $2.50; Philadel- phia, $2.50; St. Louts, $1.75; Baltimore, $3. Blacksm! ; Baltimore, $2.25. Brooklyn, $3.25; matt, $3.50; Phila- Baltimore, $3. $2.50; Brooklyn, $225; Bos- ‘incMnatl, $1.50; Philadel- Baltimore, $1.78. k, $3; Brooklyn, $2.50; Boston, ; Cineinnatt, $2.50; Philadel- $2.75; Baltimore, $2. #4;_Brooklyn, $4; Boston, Ay $8; Philadelphia, $250; 4. $3; Brooklyn, $3; Boston, nnatt, $3.25; Puiiadelpia, ; Beitimore, 83. Stone-cutiers—New York, Brooklyn, $3.50; Boston, $3.50; Chiraro, $350; Cincinnatl, $3.75; Philadeiphia, 33; St. Low's, $3; Baltimore, $8. > Soctat Science axp THE LaBor PRoBLEM.—A pect al meeting of the ict of Colambla So- Sctence ASsociation was held on Saturday evening last for the pur of hearing and dis- Besing a paper by Mr. Chas. Wyllys EUl-tt upon “The Workmen of Exypt—Past and Present.” A Tiption and keen anal { the con- haracter of Egypt, its crue), selfish, grasping Kings, poshas and Khodives, and its en- ed millions’ Of peopl, tolling through all the in bitter bondage, to build up the name and of their masters, ‘held the audience in close ed practical lines of taquiry ion here and elsewhere. The et Was ciseussed by Mrs. Spencer, Rev. A. T. le, Prof. Brown, Prof. E. B. Elliott, Dr. C. M. Blake, Mr. Hitz, Mrs. Walling, Mr. Kelfer and ethers in the direction of industrial education, co- operation of workingmen and women, a wider be- mevolence in protecting the industrial interests of we people. and securing to laborers the proceeds their wil i} erful di Mr. C. M. Etiiott claimed that even ak and unskilled should receive the same eorsideration in the tamily of man that is con- eeded In the household, where no one is crowded the wall and starved because of his lack of ity, The chair, Mrs. Speacer, stated that the summing up of the discussion appeared to be that brains and muscle were not private property, but Delonged to humanity, and were designed, not to eBrich the possessor, but to bless the human race. ‘Mr. C. W. Elliott, Prof. D. A. Brown, Mrs. Carrie chols and Dr. W. 8. Barnard, to membership in the society. — Tue Ovp Vactr at KALonaMA.—Tho dilapidated condition of the old burial vault in Kalorama, back of Boundary street and Massachusetts Avenue northwest, known as the Bumford family Vault, and by others as the Decatur vault, is a subject for unfavorable comment by citizens in that neighborhood. There has been a hole proken some one in one of the corners, through Which several coffins can be plainly seen. Very few peopie Know the history of this old tomb or Whose remains have been deposited there. The Femains of Com. Decatur, who was shot in a duel with Com. Barron, were removed from this vault some twenty-five years ago by an undertaker, and when the bedy was transferred Into a casket the silk handkerchief used ax a bandage for the Wound was In a tolerable state of preservation, although {t had been buried about 27 years. When taken off, it ts sald the ball which produced he fatal wound ‘eli out, and was preserved by the ‘Umsertaker, and ts still kept as a relic of the days Of the “code.” —— A DestircT® Famtiy.—The famtly of the late John Jackson (ho died about th: Oy two days after the wrath of his eldest dauguten) are living at No. 504 8th street southwest, and were it not for friends wng have rented the house for them, and relief affordei by some of the em- ployes about the B. & P. depot, they would be in astarving condition. The widowed head of the family is lying sick of pneumonia, and she has seven children, the eldest boy about 14 and the others ranging down to a few months old. = Aguy OnDEERS.—First Lieutenant D. J. Gibbon, ninth cavalry, has been granted leave of absence for one yeer, and the leave of Colonel Daniel Hus- = been extended four months. Major B. Du 7, of the subsistence department, has been to dutyin the office of the commissary general of subsixtence tn this city. First Lieuten- ant William J. Reed, seventh infantry, now in this city, will report by letter to the superintendent general recruiting service New York city, to ac- Sompany a detachment of recruits to the depart- ment of Dakota. Leave of absence forsix months, with Lge togo beyond sea, to take effect June 1, 1882, nas been granted Captain Charles W. ‘Miner, tweuty-second infantry. The Courts. Cincurr Couxt—Judge MacArthur. Monday, Killen agt. Glen Falls Insurance Com- pany; on trial. Equrry Court—Judge Hagner. Monday, Just egt. Jus jan ad litem. Lioyd agt. orsered paid. Adjourned sine die. COURT Iv GsNERAL TERM. Monday, Mackall agt. Kichards; verdict. and Judgment 'tor defendant; motion for new triton exceptions May agt. Shepherd; verdict and judg- ment for plainuf; motion for new trial on excep tions. Dowd agt Acker; verdict for defendant; motion for new trial on ‘exceptions. Rutherford agt. Glover; decree June 7, 1881, affirmed. Hayden agt. Wetser; on trial. ORIMTNAL Cocnt—Juage Witte. Monday, Benjamin Kurtz, assault with intent to kill; ordered to Ray. a fine of $10 and costs or to be committed to jail for thirty days; committed. Sam- | uel Clagett (alias Edward Johnson), second of- fence, petit larceny; verdict, guilty; Seutenced to three years at Auburn, ani ordered to restore Property. Charles Matihews, burglary and larce- BY; verdict, guilty: sentenced to seven years at Auburn. Kobert McNally, or McNelly, iarceny; Bemtenced to three years at Auburn. Ponice Court—Judge Snell. Monday, H. Willizms, colored, was committed workhouse for 00 days fn detauit of $90, for carry. ing a dangerous knife. Spider Brown alias John- SOB, suspicious person; 9 days John Gaither, | profanity; $5 or seven days. Edward Johnson, Suspicious character; bonds or 6) days. Charles | Bruf, forfe:ted coliateral. Stephen R. Teaser, va- | cy; 30 days. Wm. Kearney, vagrancy: 90) Charles Gaskins,profanity; $ or seven days. | Hartman Klug, loud and botsterous; $ or 15 days. | Wm. Williams, vagrancy; bonds or'# days. Geo. | dar open on Sunday: personal tira ssittit | i CARP CULTURE. THE ANNUAL DRAINAGE OF THE PONDS—THE CROP GOOD BEYOND EXPECTATION—FINANCIAL SUCCESS OF CARP ENTERPRISES IN THE SOUTH— THE PROSPECTS FOR THE COMING YEAR. As stated in Monday’s Star, the yearly drain- ing off the water trom the governmeat carp ponds was commenced: last Saturday and was continued Monday, The results show that the season for breeding has been successful beyond the expectation of Prof. Baird, under whose general supervision this work is prosecuted. It has been but a few years since this new in- dustry ef fish culture was started in this coun- try, and from the success thus far obtained wherever it has been introduced, it bids fair to become @ profitable industry.’ There are now three large ponds in which these fish have been cultivated, in the group at the foot of the Wash- ington monument,and another,much larger than the others, will be added the coming season, containing eight acres. This pond will be com- pleted in a few days, when the water will be let in and a stock of about 250 large carp will be put in, which, it is expected, will materially in- crease the annual supply to meet the orders received constantly by Prof. Baird. ‘THE YOUNG* carp. ‘The number of young carpof last year’s spawn thus far taken out of these ponds and placed in the pools on the small isiand by the lakes is esti- mated to be about340,000. These are the young fish hatched out last season in May, June and July, and are now of nearly a uniform healthy and just in the condition to be shipped. The entire number sent from this city last year by Professor Baird was about 300,500. That number will probably be nearly doubled this year. The large pond, which will be stocked this spring tor the first time, it is thought will swell the number to be distributed next year to at least 1,000,000. THE NEW POND. The work of preparing thia pond has been delayed on account of the springy nature of the bottom where the gates are located at the lower orsouthern end, but it is believed that all dmi- culties have now been overcome and °that the embankment dividing the lake from the river is 80 solidly constructed as to be proof against washing away by any flood, and that the locks and gates are thoroughly secure. There are about seventy of the original fish brought from Germany still alive and in these ponds. They are about thirty inches in length and large in proportion, but of course their growth is slow on account of being used as breeders. Some of them weigh from 15 to 25 pounds. Carp grow much faster during the dst four years, while attaining the full spawning age, after which the growth of the female is retarded. The young fish hatched out last May vary in length from 3 toTinches. There were about 70,000 of them taken from the Babcock lake. THE ENEMIES OF THE CARP. When the lakes are drained each year ali the eels and catfish are thrown out, as they devour the young carp. There are not many of them usually found, and what there are, are of s0 small size that they can do but little damage. These ponds ave getting to be in better cond!- tion every year, as the banks about them become More compact. It is an interesting sight to walk around the edges of these ponds after the water has been ined and witness the opera- tions of the upon the shores. It is well known to all who have visited the place that the sides of the banks are closely paved with stones like the old round paving stones formerly used for streets. These extend for some distance down into the water, and the interstices be- tween them are packed with clay and mud, where the grass takes root which serves to fur- nish food forthe young fish. Below these stones is formed a considerable quantity of clay in the form of aridge. This ridge is pertectly honey- combed with small holes bored by the young carp in search of larve and small worms, as well as tender roots, of which they are fond. AN ANIMATED PUMPKIN. Dar Hassel, who has charge of these lakes, told a Star reporter that last summer he put into one of the small ponds on the island a large pumpkin, weighing sixty pounds, first cutting a hole in the side of it so that the small fish could get inside. He states that It was entirely de- voured in eight days, rind and all, and during the whole time it was constantly in motion from the schools of young fish, always at work upon it. They seemed exceedingly fond of the sweet morsel, and appeared to thrive on it. The sides of these lakes, paved with stone, as above de- scribed, have to be repayed, and the clay well packed at the lower edge, asevery year the carp undermine the walls by burrowing and boring for small worms. THE FOOD OF THE CARP. Dr. Hassel has some powerful microscopes in his office, which he is continually making use of in the examinations of the fish and the food upon which they subsist. One of the substances which the young fish seem most to relish is a sort of aqueous plant, always submerged, of a deep green color and slimy, calied algw, and when on the surface known as conferve. This, when seen through a microscope, is a mass of plants, fall of joints at regular intervals, and swarming with antmialcule, all in tonstant motion. These are constantly devoured by the carp, and as eeaearey being reproduced, so that there seems to be no end to the crop of food, and its growth Is very rapid. THR PROFITS OF CARP CULTURE. Asto the pecuniary success which has been attained by carp culture, thus far everything is promising. One gentleman in one of the south- ern states reports that from the twenty-five fish he received about two and a half years ago, he sold last year #600 worth of young carp from the first spawning. Dr. Hassel places the carp next to the shad in point of value as a food fish, but does not consider it equal to the salmon. The leather carp is the favorite, as it has no scales, and it is always thrifty and vigorous. The past winter has been quite favorable for these fish, as they have been able most of the time to feed. He states that about 10,000 of these fish escaped into the Potomac during the last heavy freshet, when the water from the river swept over the ponds, and this accounts for so many being caught about the river flats. Hundreds of persons who have received fish from Prof. Baird give the most satisfactory accounts of success. The most of these ac- counts come from the southern states. where the ponds are not so cold. Itis found that in ponds which have cool springy bottoms, the fish do not thrive so well as when the water is of a higher temperature, and for this reason the most flattering accounts come trom the south- ern states. THE PROSPECTS. Dr. Hassel states that he hopes Prof. Baird’s next crop will number at least a million, and he believes it will, should no accident happen to the propagating lakes. The entire area of water which will be given to carp raising the coming season will be twenty acres. Babcock lake con- tains six acres, the north lake and the one south- east of the island six acres, and the new pond eight acres. The improvement of these iakes for fish culture has done away with a terrible ich used to exist in that CHARGED WITH ASSAULTING 4 LETTER-CaR- RisR.—James Beadie, a Saturday stomach by rubber ball; whereupon he put the ball in his mall-pouch, and refused to sur- render it to the defendant, who demanded The latter assaulted a witness, isarranging , an time. Mr. Beadle testified that the ‘thecomplainant, who refused and he attempted to re- said he was kept in the although $100 was that it was wrong locked up all | ! i i 5 i THE COMET. The Celestial Stranger Now Being Ob- served by Scientists—What an Astron- emer Has to Say About it—The Comet Expected to be Visible Next Month. A new comet has made its appearance in the heavens. The astronomers had no knowledge of its coming until it had arrived, and the entire proceeding !s irregular in the extreme. But a comet is nothing if it is not irregular. It is the Byron of the heavens. It won't conform to the established customs of society. It departs as Tapidly as it comes, and in consequence very little is known of the graceless Interloper. The present comet, however, is being observed by the astronomers with the view of ascertaining its probable size and opbit. A Star reporter happening to meet Prof. k, of the Naval Ob- servatory, asked him what he knew about the comet. “Very little,” responded the fessor, “as yet. at is an unexpected Pehl pn @ new comer, or, perhaps it may be the return of an old comet. It can only be observed now by the telescope, and sufficient data has not been obtained to predict as toits size and character.” “Will it be visible to the naked eye?” asked the reporter for the benefit ot the young people who are about to resume their astronomical studies on the front doorstep. “That depends on its size. As it nears the sun it will become viailble— that is to say, when it gets as near to the sun as the earth is to the sun. But thé majority of comets make but little show on account of their small size. You see, when a comet contains a great deal of matter it becomes a very striking object in the heavens, for as it nears the sun the heat vaporizes the substance, whioh spreads out towards the sun in luminous forms, called the envelopes. These, by the repulsion of the sun, stream away from oe ane luminary for untold distances, forming “Will this comet be # large one?” asked the reporter. “Tt is Impossible to tell you,as it is too far off. It is gradually approaching.” “Is there any interest attached to this comet ?” “Its principal interest to the public,” replied the astronomer, “will be if it is large enough to be visibie to the naked eye. The amateur astronomers will also have the fun of finding itin the heavens.” “Of what interest is it to astronomers? ” pur sued the reporter. *One point of interest is the study of the or- bits of comets in relation to the streams of me- teors that circle about the sun. The greatinter- est however centers in the opportunity which it will afford ot studying Its constitution by means of the spectroscope. Comets afford the best means for such a study, as they come within a distance of the earth even less than that of the sun. If the nature of comets is determined it will be a great step towurds determining the constitution of all bodies. The information in this regard is very meagre on account of there having been no good meteors since the spectro- scope was invented.” “Do the astronomers expect much for this comet?” asked the reporter. . There is no indication what it is as yet.” pets there any hard or solid substance in com- “That is an open question as yet,” said the astronomer. ‘One theory ie that a comet is composed of incandescent vapor, while another theory maintains that it is made up of finely-di- vided solid matter—like a whirlwind of sand you might say—except that the fragments are not. of course, of uniform size. It is probable that a comet is composed of both vapor and matter, and as it nears the sun It is vaporized.” “Where does this matter come from?” “I don't know,” said the scientist. “You might as well ask where the matter taat com- prises the earth comes from. If we knew one, we would know the other.” “Is there much known about comets?” “I think there is leas known about comets than anything else in astronomy.” The professor did not seem to think that the new visitor was of thrilling interest, and said that he had not paid very much attention to the matter. From another scurce it was ascertained that the comet would not be visible before next month. ———_-+- How Alcohol Poisons. To The Editor of Tae Evenrxe Stan. Alchohol exerts its poisonous effects on the organs of the human body in two ways, viz: im- mediately and remotely. Its immediate effect is seen in drunkenness, and its remote in the slow and inevitable inflammation which it causes in the brain, stomach, liver and kidneys. The four familiar poisons in common use are arsenic, opiuff, strychnine andalcohol. Arsenic kills by eroding the mucus membrane of the stomach, opium by depressing the nervous system with its narcotic power, strychnine by the peculiar irritation which it exerts over the spinal mar- row, and alcohol by the influence which it exer- cises in producing irritation of the brain. This characteristic of ite action distinguishes it from ail other poisons. If is not digested by the stomach, but passes at once through that organ into the blood and on to the fiead, and burns the brain just as it burns the mouth, throat and stomach when swallowed. So great {8 its affi- nity for the head that it is found ina pure state, after death, within the cavities of the brain, and so rapid is its influence on the brein that ina few minutes after being swallowed its poisonous effect is felt in the head, and manifested on the body. So unerring is this result that ita effects is expressed in common language by the ordin- ary metaphor of ‘Yying.” It is usual among those unaccustomed to the use of alcohol to say, when invited to drink, “I cannot take liquor; it flies directly to my head.” Therefore, the ex- pression, flies to the is a metaphor used to express the rapidity with which alcohol is ab- sorbed by the blood and irritates the brain. In virtue of the effect of even a moderate drink of alcoholic liquor on the head, one must any conclude tl & frequent repetition of su effects must inevitably work certain and serious injury to the brain. at this is the case is be- yond all question: and to know in a moment the deleterious influence of excessive drinking, one has only to recall the unnatural appearance which an individual its who has been on a debauch only for a few days; and, when the de- parture from health, denoted in the outward expression of excessive drinkers of alcoholic liquors, is observed, surprise will not be aroused when it is found that the average period of the drunkard’s life is but thirteen years. THE BRAIN FIRST AFFECTED. The functions of the brain are the first affected; and yield far more readily and fre- quently to the excessive use of alcohol than any other organ of the body; and from what is known of drunkenness from every day's ob- servation, every case of ordinary intoxication must be recognized as nothing more than tem- porary insanity; and a just anticipation will be realized if it is expected that a permanent stat ofderangement will ensue from an excessive habitual use of alcohol. Hence, all drunkards present an imbecile and insane appearance; and the statistician will be quite right when he gives aleohol the credit of producing fifty per cent of all the causes of idiocy. and of tempo- rary and permanent insanity, known in a com- munity. J. B. Jouxson, M.D. 922 New York avenue. a The Condition of the Telephone Com- pany. Mr. Cumming, the president of the Nationa; Capital Telephone company, in conversation with a Stag reporter, sald: “‘We have been eail- ing under close sails this year and had te manage very carefully. We haver’t made any money, and I don’t know when we will. We may pey our first dividend next year und I hope that we will, but we can’t tell.” “The general opinion is that you are rolling in wealth ?” “ Our books don’t show it and they arc to inspection at any time. Our stock is low par. and canbe kgs for 85. It Is not a money making soneen when iny per cent I shall be satiafled.” pe ae Net So Cinmereus for a Speedy Trini. From the Brooklyn Eagis. ‘The swelling demand of the star route thieves for an Immediate trial, which last July awoke the echoes of the capital, has dwindled away to SUICIDE OF Cc. VANDERBILT. f His Life. The New York’Sun gives the following par- ticulars of the career of Cornelius J. Vander- bilt, brother of Wm. J, Vanderbilt, who si himself Seca 5 Cornelius J. Vanderbilt's peculiar figure was well-known to most New Yorkers. He was tall, very slender and bent from weakness and habitual stooping. His face was very thin, and his features were sharp and irregular. He wore a and mustache, which were slightly gray, and of late he dressed very carefully and in costly clothing. Coroner Brady bad not returned to his home at an early hour this morning. E. O. Perrin said that the coroner desired all the witnesses to keep quict and not talk about the case; that the ecroner knew nothing of the details, and did not wish to know until the inquest; that the coroner could not say at present whether the death was a suicide or an accident. A re) called at the residence of Dr. Rod- ert F.Weir, who expressed unwillingness to talk about Mr. Vanderbiit and his relations with him as panty physician. He said he visited Mr. Vanderbilt on Saturday, but noticed nothing in his conduct to indicate toa pa aberration. He had been treating Mr. Vanderbilt for epilepsy for several years, “He was summoned to the Glenham hotel at € o'clock last evening, and found Mr. Vanderbilt dead. He believed him to be out of his mind when he shot himself. The Doctor refused to say anything further about the affair. Cornelius Jeremiah Vanderbilt, as his father called him, or Cornelius Vanderbilt, jr., as le insisted he should rightly be called, resenting the be stowal of that title upon his nephew, the eldest son of William H. Vanderbilt, was the third son of Commodore Vanderbilt, and the second who surylved him. ‘’Mother always told me,” he oncé, said, ‘that I was Cornelins Vanderbilt, jr.” ‘Bor in 1830, he lived with hia father till he was 18, He was afflicted almost from childhood with epilepsy. He did not get on well with his father, who in 1848 told him that he was not wanted any longer about the house, and would do well to finda boarding house. The Commodore allowed his son $100 a month for his support at this time. An idle man, young Cornerius made some pretty doubt- ful acquaintances, and became a gambler with cards. In 1849 his father sent him off to California before the mast in a three-masted schooner. He did not stay long with the Argonauts, and, Teturning, was ill for a while at his father’s house, and then went to Washington. Here he drew a draft on the Commodore, which was dis- honored, and presently he was arrested and sent to an insane asylum. He was taken out the next day on habeas corpus and released. Twice afterward he sojourned for brief periods ie insane asylums, the last time at Northampton in 1865. c He was at one time a clerk in Clark & Rapallo’s law office, and again in the house of Wm. B. Miller & Co., a Gold street leather firm. His allowance from his father remained at $100 a month until his marria ge, at 26 years of age, in 1856. Then his father bou ght for him a ten- acre fruit farm in West Hartford and increased his allowance to $150 a month, and afterward, at the solicitation of his daughter-in-law, to $200. The income from the farm was small, and young Vanderbilt was not an enthusiastic farmer. He lived at the rate of $5,000 or $6,000 ayear. His wife cay im her jewelry to pawn, but this went a very little way, and he ran deep- ly into debt. Horace Greeley lent him a good leal of money, and very vigorously resented an intimation from the Commodore that he need not look to the Commodore for repayment. Corneltus at one time left his fruit trees to look after themselves, came to New York, and was superintendent of a bonded warehouse under Collector Bailey at $175 a month. Hisgambling habits continued. though he used to say that he had never lost $10,000 altogether by gambling, He went through bankruptcy. Horace Greeley sent him ali his notes as a present, and he made new notes and sent them back. The amount of his liabilities was $52,000. He justified his ex- penditure on the ground that he had a position to maintain, and that it was absurd that his father’s son and namesake should be limited to two or three hundred a month. His house at West Hartford was always full of visitors. His wife died in March, 1872, and he came to this city, and has since lived here. He was not received at his father’s house dur- ing the Commodore's last illness in 1876-7, and the will left him only the income of $200,000 in United States bonds. This was not satisfactory to him, or to his sister, Mrs. La Bau. The two joined in contesting the will before Surrogate Calvin, and Cornelits J. sued his brother in the supreme court for #1,000.000. The will contest ‘was one of the most bitter and protracted that ever took place in thesurrogatecourt. Mr. Scott Lord and Judge Jeremiah S. Black yere retain- ed for the contestants, and Henry L. Clinton and ex-Judge Comstock were the counsel for William H. Vanderbilt to sustain the will. The contest- ants claimed that the Commodore was physically and mentally incapable of making a will. They called a cloud of witnesses to prove the Commo- dore’s belief in spiritualism, his communication with the spirit world through J. V. Mansfield and other mediums, the number of spiritualists who were in the habit ot calling upon him at his office, and his paynient of money to them. The contestants produced also a volume of testi- mony to show undue influence onthe pert of William H. Vanderbilt. against his brother and his efforts to procure his disinheritance. Through all the trial the brothers and their sisters sat in court, ‘and listening to the evidence that only intense bitterness of feeling could have made public. The proponents introduced a mass of testimony to show that the Commo- dore had been greatly displeased with bis son Cornelius for his dissolute and extravagant habits; that he had paid his debts so often and so often threatened to disown and disinherit hima that there was nothing remarkable in the provisions of the will; that Cornelius J. shown himself so incompetent to manage his financial affairs that it was a mark of it Zood sense for the Commodore to put his allowance in the hands of his more prudent brother. Finally the surrogate refused to hear any more witnesses for the contestants, and then Judge Black announced that the contestants closed thelr case. The decision of the surrogate sus- tained the will. After the admission to probate of the Commodore's will, there remained Corne- ltus J. Vanderbilt’s suit in the supreme court against his brother William H. for $1,000,000, which he claimed had been promised to him by his brother. {n April, 1879, it was announced that the suit had been withdrawn, and that William H. Van- derbilt had paid to his brother what common re- port said was a million of dollars. At the same time Mr. C. J. Vanderbilt invited Mr. Greeley’s daughters, Mrs. Ida Greeley Smith and Miss Gabrielle Greeley. to meet him at the Coleman house, and paid to them the principal and inter- est of his debt to the estate of their father, which was $61,000, exclusive of the $10,000 paid to them by Commodore Vanderbilt a few months after Mr. Greeley’s death. At the same time Mr. Vanderbilt paid offother debts, amounting to $15,000, and had been en: up to the tinte of his death in settli or litigating claims aguinst him. He had visi Europe, and it is said was contemplating another visit. Recently he purchased the ten-acre frnit farm at West Hartford, on which he had lived fifteen ears with his wife, and he was building a fine fee there, upon which his expenditure was in every way lavish. Stace he came into his for- tune, indeed, he has been apy tly enjoying and making the most of his life, and has given rein to his tastes for handsomely entertaining his friends. Mention was made recently in the Sun of an exquisite dinner given by him at Pinard’s Round Table, at_which nothing that taste and art have contributed to the eleganciea of the modern dinner table wes spared to con- tribute to the pleasure of host and guests. Mr. Vs It had maintained a residence in the Grand hotel, Broadway and Stst strect, for the past year and a balf, living there occasion- ally for as lung astwo months atatime. His Foome were & rth pil pie Hf, TRE JAMES BROTHERS, The Derth of Jesse James. SOME OF THE EXPLOITS OF THE GANG. Correspondence N. Y. Sun. Kansas Crry, April 8.—This afternoon, as soon as the news of the killing ‘ot Jesse James was received here, Police Commissioner Craig left for St. Joseph with a heavily armed posse of men to guard James's body and to give pro- rection to the man who killed him. At the police station it was learned that Bob Foad, a young man who had been hanging about the station for several weeks past, was the persou who shot and killed Jesse James. Ford left this city about a week ago and joined James in the vicinity of St. Joseph, remaining with him until an opportunity to kill was found. From the Ps it is learned that Ford, who is believed to & member of the gang. was under the control of Craig, and has been used as an instrument for James's destruction. Ford is about 22 eurs of age, and looks like a verdant youth m the country. In appearance he is a mere bey, and is the last person in the world to be taken as the slayer of the famous outlaw. Jesse James is the younger of the two Janes boys. Frank, the ol Is understood te be living in Texas under an assumed rame. He is married and has abandoned his old ways of life. They were the sons of a Baptist clergy- man of Kentucky, and were educated at Georgetown College, Scott county, Ky. was born in 1845, and Frank in 1841. the Rey. Mr. James removed to Clay county, Mo., where he purchased a farm and performed ministerial duties for a small Baptist co: tion. In 1849 he went to California and died there. In 1857 his widow married Dr. Reuben Samuels, a physician of Clay county, Mo. When the war opened Jesse and ¥rank en- davored to enlist in the confederate army, but were rejected as being too young for the ser- vice. It is stated that Dr. Samuels was once terribly beaten by a party of Union men who came to the house, and that it was a desire for vengeance that started the boys on their career as desperadoes. At any rate they Joined Quan- trell’s guerillas, and took part in the murderous work of the gang. Jesse James has made a brag of the number of people he killed at the sacking of the town of Lawrence. In 1865 Quantrell was killed in a fight with a body of federal troops, and the gang was broken up, the James boys returning to their homes in Clay county, Mo., where they lived quietly. In 1868, with the Younger brothers and George Sheppard, who had been with them in Quantrell’s band, the James boys went to the races at Lex- ington, Ky. On their way home they visited Russellville, in that state, robbed the bank of $14,000, and fled to Texas. In December, 1869, they resumed criminal oO} tions, and robbed the bank at Gallatin, o., in connection with the Younger brothe and others of their old associates in guerilla warfare. Here they murdered several persons, and again went to Texas. In May, 1870, the two brothers had a fight with some Texans at a dance house. which re- sulted in several murders, the victims being men of their own profession, and the reautt was that they were compelled to fly for their lives. They returned to their old home in Missouri, and again resumed agricultural pursuits. In the spring of 1870, together with the Younger brothers, they made a raid into Iowa; entering the town of Corydon, where, in broad daylight, they dashed up to the bank on their horses, seven in number, dismounted, entered with wn revolver, and finding the cashier alone, demanded all the money he had. The safe was open, and the cashier was totally pow- erless. After emptying several thousand dol- lara into a sack, they quietly remounted their horses and rode away. They were followed for a hundred miles or more by a posse of citizens, but disappeared, and were not seen again for several months. In the latter part of the same year (1870) the two James brothers and the four Younger broth- ers again attended the races in Kentucky, an there conceived the plan of robbing a bank Columbus. In the afternoon, after spending the day around the tavern in that town, the six men mounted their horses, rode over to the bank, which was only a few, rods distant, leisurely dis- mounted, and entered the building, where they found the cashier, the president, and a citizen engaged in conversation. Without losing any time, three of them levelled their revolvers upon the occupants of the room, while the other three ‘unceremoniously commenced to empty the safe. They gathered together all the money in sight, and, after shooting the cashier, who made an outery,they mounted their horses and rode away. An a‘arm was immediately given, and they were pursued by the sheriff and a large posse of men, but they reached the Cumberland mountains in safety, and there disappeared. On the 26th of mber, 1872, they com- mitted one of the most daring and amazing ex- ploits in the history of crime. They attended the Missouri State Fair at Kansas City, where it is said 30,000 people were gathered, and, of course, the receipts at the gate were corresponding!: large. They remained through the day; tool dinner on the fair grounds, attended the races, and about 4 o'clock In the afternoon, while the attention of the crowd was drawn to a famous contest between Ethan Allen and another noted horse, they rode up to the office of the fair association, where they found Mr. Hall, the treasurer of the fair, counting up the receipts of the day, which amounted to nearly $10,000. Mr. Hall sat in the office with a young man. The gang put revolvers to their heads, pock- eted the money, and made their Reyes ot In the spring of 1873 they raided a bank at St. Genevieve, Mo. During the flight the outlaw who had the bag of money in charge dropped it, and the pursuit was so hot that they had to abandon the booty. It waa while they were smarting under this disappointment that their first train robbery was planned, which took place on the Rock Island road in June of the game year. About seventy-five miles east of Council Bluffs they took up a rail- ina sharp curve. An express train was thrown off the track. The engineer and fireman were killed anda number of passengers badly wounded. The gang robbed the express car, carrying away gold bricks, specie and notes @ very large amount. A large reward was offered for their apprehension, but they found safe refuge in In- dian Territory. After this affair they committed a number of stage robberies, one of them on the route to Hot Springs, Ark. In January, 187: its appearance at Gads Hill, a flag station on the Iron Mountain road, in Wayne county, Mo. They flagged the train, robbed the express car of $11,000, and plundered » number of the passen- a ers. The railroad and express companies now de- termined to hunt the gang down at any expense. Pinkerton’s agency took the case, and a corps of detectives were sent to Missouri under the com- mand of Louis L. Lull, formerly a lieutenant on the police force of Chicago. One of hia detec- tives, by the name of Weicher, went to the ren- dezvous of the desperadoes in the garb of a German immigrant and applied for labor. On the morning after he was found dead, with sev- eral bullet holes in his body, tied to a tree, near the road, a few miles from Mrs. Samuels’ house, and also upon his person was found a card, say- ings is shall be the fate of all of Pinkerton’s detec- tives who come into Missouri. Soon after this Lull had a desperate fight ig the Monigan woods, in southwestern Missouri, with the Younger brothers, in which John Younger, the acknowledged leader of t! was killed, and James Younger, his. 5 seriously wounded. Daniels, the sheriff of St. Clatr county, was also instantly killed, and Lull ing a few days after- that the James their usual style and took possession of the bank. Jesse James killed Cashier Haywood in cold blood for refusing to open the vault. It hap- pened to be in the midst of tie prairie chicken season, and pig ed who came to town was armed with a shotgun or rifle. The outlaws had considerable difficulty in getting out of town, and for the first time they met with some- thing like an organized resistance. © and Bill Chadwell were left dead and several others were hurt. They were pur- sued into a swamp, where Stiles was‘killed and Jesse James and all three of the Poungers were wounded. Frank and Jesse James made the escape into Dakota, but the Youngers were cap- tured. Jesse was sedously hurt, but he man- aged to pull through, and eventually the brothei de their way back to Missouri. The Youngers pleaded guilty, and are now serving life sentences. They profess to have embraced ing was heard of the James boys fora long time after this affair, and it was feported that they were dead. On Oct. 7, 1879, a train was robbed on the Chicago and Alton road, twenty- two miles easi of Kansas City, by the James boys and four others, and it is claimed that they got $35,000 from'the express car. George Shep- pard, who had been one of Quantreil’s lieuten- ants, and who had been associated with the James voys in some of their operations, but who had reformed, was now engaged at a large salary to act as a detective. He joined the gang, and informed the de- tectives of their plan to rob a bank at Empire City, Jasper county, Mo., and of their place of meeting. A descent was arranged, but the out- laws got news of it, and got away intime. Sh« pard’s treachery was suspected, and be would have been killed had he not been quick enough on the trigger to shoot Jesse James and then to escape through the swiftness of his horse. He reported that he had killed James, but the latter was only wounded. On July 15, 1881, a train on the Rock Island and Pacific road was robbed by a gang led by Jesse James. Frank James is believed to have retired from the gang, and settled down in Texas before the robbery, which is the last: nota- able criminal exploit with which Jesse James’ name was connected. — — The Duty of Con to Columbia. The Washington correspondent of a Pennsyl- vania paper writes as follows: “There are half-a-dozen states inferior in pop- ulation and wealth to tne District of Columbia, but represented in the national legislature by two Senators and at least one Member. Wash- ington and Alaska alone, of all the states and territories, have ro legislative voice. The Dis- trict of Columbia, it is said, is under the special supervision of Congress. ’ But what is every- body’s business is nobody's business, and the in- dividual members of the national legislature are too busy looking after the interests of their re- spective districts to care for the District of Co- lumbia. It is true that Congress grants with a liberal hand the money necessary for national buildings, as the depart- ment edifices and the Capitol show. But Congress is not disposed to philanthrophy with- out display. Last summer when Mrs. Garfield sickened and almost died from the poison exhaled from the Potomac swamps and later when the stricken President had to be removed from the malarious locality, the press of the United States declared with one voice that Congress must do something with this monster of the United States is ty; for years an insidious enemy in the form of a belt of malarious swamps has been closing in upon Washington and sending its poisoned shaftsinto the vitals of its inhabitants. The citizens of the capital have been for years going to Congress pointing to this mass of decaying vegetable matter and deposit of filth visible from the windows of the Capitol. Yet tunis fetid mass has been increas- ing until it now consists of hundreds of acres of disease-creating swamp that is a diagrace to the United States, acrime against health and humanity The American traveler who is compelled to leave Rome duringsthe summer on account of the malaria exhaled from the marshes, 8) with contempt of the Italian government and says: If we but had Rome in the United States we would drain these pestilent swamps. Can he be ignorant of the fact that the capital of his own country is environed by swamps as de- structive of health as those on the Tiber? he not know that the President, Cabin gress, government, clerks, and everybody who can get away from Washington in the summer, and that those who stay have their blood black- oned and sinews stiffened with ague? The cap- ital throngh the neglect of Congress is getting bad name. “Medical authorities declare that, if the swamps were dreined, nothing would be wanting to make the national%capital a model sanitariam. The draining of these swamps, which will cost no large sum,will enable health. ful atmosphere to circulate in the parks and wide streets of the city, which,in a peculiar way, is the city of every citizen of the United States— the city of fifty million of people. ———_—__-o- —______ Imitation of Ol! Painting. Scientific journals are justnow noting arecent remarkable and important advance in the art of printing in off colors, in imitation of oil-paint- ing, which, it is claimed, is far superior to the process known as chromo-lithography. The first stages of the newly-invented process are similar to those of chromo-lithography. After the colors are transferred to the ——- pel from the color electrotypes, as the old pro- cess, the picture resembles an ordinary chromo- lithograph, and is fectly flat and smooth in appearance. In order to secure the roughness of surface and other individual marks which are the peculiar characteristics in the original oil- painting the latteris covered with gelatine, which accurately secures an impression of ali the individual surface marks of the painting. From this gelatine mold there is prepared another im- pression in indiarubber or other elasticsubstance which permits of stretching so that the copy of the original may in the printed copy be either enlarged or reduced as desired. This india rub- ber impression is afterward used to obtain a copper stereotype plate, and this in turn serves in the preparation of a negative or depressed copy plate. This plate presents an exact repro- duction, in mold, of the surface of the original painting, and the depressions are filled in with lhe District of Pigment colors curresponding with the surface elevations of the painting. W thus arrat the prepared chromo-paper is laid upon the copper plate, and under the pressure and heat of atransfer press the pigments adhere to the prepared paper and produce all the surface effects in the original painting. Varnish is next applied, and the result is a painted color eopy which is an exact counterpart of the oil painting, and which may subsequently be transferred from the prej paper to er canvas, wood, or metal, gs option of the printer, to be used ia preparing any number of copies. The merit of the new process is this peculiar fidelity of reproduction which renders the printed copy so like the original that it is difficult to detect the difference. ~—____—+e-_______ _ 1s New Jersey Sinking? ¥rdnfthe Now York Tribune. The insecurity of real estate along the New Jersey shofe has always been a matter of com- ment, but unusual interest in the subject has been excited since the publication of the slowly sinking, but the natives have solaced themselves with some comforting opinions to the contrary, and this year Professor Cook hu- manely classifies the unpleasant phenomena ag “encroachments of the sea,” evidently because this phrase is @ trifle less alarming than the “subsidence of the land.” That the Atlantic is gradually wearing i the beaches and shifting the coastline to the worriment of makers is a fact abundantly established. the interesting notes of Professor Cook it ap- shore has never could have crown there with the water about their roots. In every salt meadow, uear the bordering upland, are at ot trees with sound roots imbedded in the soll, where they have evidently grown, but which is now below high-water mark. In many cases large forests have been killed at once by some encroach tide, and catastrophes of this sort withdraw attention from the gradual settling of the earth. The shore sinks slowly but con- stantiy, uetil there come an exceptionally high tide and a violent east wind together, when the sea breaks Its barriers and sweeps inland to a flood mark that it may notreach again in a score of years. But when the next conjunctions f favoring circumstances comes the tide rushes bigher stil. and another strip of land is added to the encroaching marsh. it is evident, too, from stumps cut with the axe, and now under water, that some palpable encroachments have been made since the country was settled. In De Laet’s description, published about 1650, the author states that he landed on what is now THOT's Island, and he speaks of four others over toward the Jersey shore. There are ‘our yet found on the map, but the Dutch historian would hardly have made a note of Oyste d and Robin's Reef, if they were — invisible, as they now are except at low tide. If it is admitted, then, that the shore is stead- ily sinking beneath the sea, it isa matter of @ some importance to landowners to know how long it will be before their property ts sub- Unfortunately, the rate of subsidence determined, nor can it be with accuracy until longer and more careful observations have furnish a for calculation. The ocean level has been pretty accurately fixed by the tide- years. ide levelas a datum jiage the New Jersey survey will set permanent bench- marks along the coast next summer, and by re- ferring to these a hundred years er so hence the haughty Sand Spaniard can estimate bow rap- idly he is going under, Meanwhile the dwellers on the shore can as- sure themselves that there is little danger of being lowed up by the waves in the pear future. Prof. Cook has thought that the rate of subsidence might be a quarter of an inch a year, but other authorities hold that it ts less than one-eighth of an inch. There are evidences that since this sinking began it has amounted to as ‘hastwenty feet. But then this motion may cease and be succeeded by a general lifting of the same area. There is plain proof of this oscil- latory motion of the earth’s crust hereabout. Along the borders of the upland ts a belt of alluvial soll, now lying eight or ten feet above the water line. When formed it was evidently at the water's edge, and in it are imbedded the shells of clams and oysters and the other species | now common in the adjoining shallows. This means that since the age of man, or within three or four thousand years, more or lesa, the Jersey shore has been considerably lower, as compared with the sea level, than it now is, Within recent time, then, there must have been an uplifting of the coast before the present sub- sidence began, and another rise can be predicted with much assurance. This probability ought to insure a buoyant real estate market, for the | shore owner of the future, instead of looking on with anguish while the waves devour his acres, will joyfully watch the increase of his property as the sea 5 | Fig FLEUR'S EXCRETER. best tonic known. | ‘The: ‘Uses nature's own purifiers, "No dan HE REAL ESTATE TITLE INSURANCE CO., OF THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. INCORPORATED Dec. 6, 1881. CAPTTAL, $200,000 M, ASHFORD, B. BEALE, I L. JOHNSON, E. F. BIGGS, Vice President. 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REIGN WATCHES, FINE FANCY Spe apn TABLEWARE, OBEBY, 0. Particular attention is given to Repairing Watches, Jew- fohny ‘Crests and Monograms correctly engraved tm saved and oot. aT 1107 PERNsYLVANTA AVENUE. OW OPEN FOR INSPECTION, AND O°8 FA BLOT RATA In selecting Novelties for Spring 1882, great attention has Leen given to the selection of such styles a will ast- isfy the present tendency for the *‘Aesthetic.” Hich art designs are not, indeed, suitable for every-day life; ‘but it ia, commendable to adorn life and clined, but which are, at the same time, such as those ‘who dress more quietiy may wear. 1105 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE. ~ Er ONE HIS OWN ARTIST. & WONDERFUL INVENTION. merge ae wt Sae }\