Evening Star Newspaper, May 17, 1873, Page 3

Though the fac When the feve Or the ebilly t Over ail we see Of the hands wh: Beng For the Over calms and storms He sees aw ger, too, He frees « And amid our f From th 2 be e loving Friend, the AFTER ALL. b, the old friends are the truest Atter ad, pt the newest, reaching ving teaching ast and rest, After all. serving = unswerving, he shows us perfect Kest, Fer the very soul the best After all. OUR HAIR, [Prem a University Magazine. J The mederns, no less than the ancients, con- tinue to hold a beautiful head of hair in high | All persons are proud of it. estimation. an object admired and coveted by all. considered an important qualitication in | auty. and one of the very essentials of comeliness. The interest taken m the the present day is shown by the enor- hich are annually spent i n America in hair cosmetics, and | connected with it. | Frenchmen and fastidious English- | «stow a vast amount of attention on this f the toilet,to the oceasior ©; «ome of its other equally important fane' sume of the portion Ip Fra per signs treme ‘ing on whom the: en the Frenc' New Irelai pt men part their hai one halt of their heads covered wit mixture, whilst the other half is of a toilet their Iris It is ern e, the number of barbers, coiffeurs, vers, friseurs, ete., that » the streets of Paris, testify to the ex- iterest devoted b: the population to the | is. isplay their ms, hevertheless, must yield the palm | designate as savages, for can vie with the natives ot | ness of the hai in the ornamentation of their hair. | ain Keppel, these aborigines atity of hair, whi white, biack, ai . The ir im the middle, and present t black ht red or white. The crews of the boats were painted uniformly, and it must have been a curious sight for a crew to appear ail black from one side of the ship, and vessel, suddenly become white or red. The hair, though unsusceptible of expression urd face site stronger emotions have experienced and passions. the sensation then, rowing round the the will, like the mobile portion of the d though popularly regarded as a para- rowth rather than as the essential part of | the body is capable of being affected by the | Most of us pularly de- scribed as “hair standing on end,” or seen the y partial erection of the hair of women and child- ren ander witnessed it paintings. As hereafter. let us consider the purposes fulfil ir and its formation. Hairs are ap; ular circumstances—not to say resentation in sculptures an r the etfects of fear, grief, or iety, on the hair, we shall speak more of es of the skin, contributing to its detenc like the searf-skin, of which latter, indeed, they may be regarded as modifications, suited to special use. The hairs cross the skin like t rspiratory and oil tubes, and resemble both prolonged in ‘ fer, being lim © the superficial strata; the long hairs, like im the extent to wh it, the downy hairs, like the latt H hich they are the former, extending more deeply, and’ even piercing it altogether, so as to reach the saben- taneous fat. ithin the skin, each hair is en- elosed in a sheath or tube, closed at its extrem. ity where it supports the roots of the hair, aud constructed, like the perspiratory and oil tubes, These of three layers derived are a li them in funetion. rom the skin. of scarf-skin, a middle vase: layer, and a protective or fibrous layer. sheaths or hair tubes, as they resemble th spiratory and oil tubes, so also 4 ese e per- do they imitate Fach portion of the skin is organized for the production of hai with the exception of the palm of the hand and sole of the foot. On the greater part of the body the hairs are short and ne, and in some instances they scarcely rise to above the level of the skin. In others, as in the scalp, the eyebrows, aud in man the whis- kers and length. The len; beard. they grow co a considerabl: gth and thickness of the hair are regulated bya law of Nature, the hair of the head being “always lo: that of the beard. abd tain len, cess al wth, they attain acer and are then thrown off by a pro to the change of coat in animals their place being supplied by young hairs whicn grow from the same tubes." This tempo rary decay of the hair happens also happen- when it is cut off. ‘The length of the hair of the head in woman Fanges between twenty inches and a yard, and ite we L yt to between si stances the and eight ounees. h far exceeds the mger and finer than and the latter longer than the whiskers and eyebrows. When hairs are | lett to their natural above, and the case is knewn ofa lady in whom it measures two yards, and trails on the ground when is tre- quently shaved, it erect. becomes more persistent When the hair ipereases in aa and bulk. It has ealculated that hair of ~ e beard gro ‘the rate of one line and a half in the week. and been ‘This will give a length of 6% inches for a year, so according to Eble, ace at a at work he was ob! @ lawyer carries told by , meister i his . This is by no ing, when Mr. Erasmus Wilson surprisit tells us in histreatise on ‘Healthy Skin,’’ that there is im the Prince's pal- inting of a carpenter whose beard was nine fect long, so that when tye carry it in a bag, as riefe. Moreover, we are the same authority, that the 'Burgo- , Hans Steiningen, having on one occa- majesti sion forgotten to fold up’ his ic beard, trod upen it as he ascet the staircase lead- ing to the council chamber of Brunn, and was thereby thrown «lown and killed. ‘The shape of individual hairs is for the smaller kinds and oval for With the view of ascertaining the hair, Mr. Erasmus Wilson made a are 3 thickness of series of curious experi the diameter of 2.000 hairs taken from 34 per- and 1-400 of an inch, the mean of an inch. He then had ‘To our surprise, we learn that the hair of t! fair sex, who are so much sw lindrical sons,and foundthem to range between 1- being 1-3dto he head, of hair, and one tested by Mr. Erasmus Wilson perceived to range between 1-500 and 2-320 faninch. Flaxen hair is the finest and black | are able coarsest beard produces the coarsest hair, each tube in a dark man averaging 1-200 of an inch. Few of us have any idea as to the number of hairs we possess on our heads. Mi ‘Wilson can tell us to a 5 and inspection, ina square inch on the scalp of a | hurtful. Bismuth, lead, brown-haired man, 744 pores, each pore being | quently substituted for ir. Erasmus | bas this advantage, He observed on ii ches. This man bad a daughter hoon, whose face also was covered with siken, brown hair. It was especially ‘The hair over her forehead was brushed so as to blend with that ot her head, the latter being dressed according to the custom of tue country @ la Chinoise. ie beard was pale im color, and soft and silky. Maphoon’s manne good and modest, her voice soft and fei and her expression was not unpleasing when the first repulsion was conquered. It is said that her appearance rather suggest the idea ol agreeable woman masquerading than of anything brutish. Her neck, bosom, and arms re, too, covered with afine pale down. Tae | lady, notwithstanding the peculiarity of her aspect, had found favor in the eyes of one man at least, for she was a wife and the mother of two boys. ‘The you of these, only fourteen months old, was evidently taking after the | parent, and’ promised to continue ir a third | generation the freak of nature carried out in two previous generations. Other instances ef a similar nature are on record. A French phy- | sician mentions the case of a beautiful damsel, | with dazzling fair skin and deep black eyes, who, ou recovering from a fever, found her per- | som overspread with a * skin,” and, to her | horror, at the end of a month she was covered trom head to foot with hair an inch long. During the reign of Maria Theresa of Austria, a woman served in the army for many years, attaining the rank of captain, and she was for the luxurianee and ——- of her moustache. Such cases might be multiplied to any length. They sre far trom common in England, and some of our readers may recollect having seen | or heard of a beard woman who was ex- hibited at shows some years ago, under the name of Jalia Pastrana. It wasa complete | illustration of this kind of phenomenon, and | the hair on her chin was quite equal to that owned by some men. Chemical analysis shows the hair to be com- posed of a basis of animal matter, of a certain | te gee of oily substances, of the salts of ime, which enter into the composition of horn, of sulphur, and of two metals—manganese and iron. The constituents of hair of different color differ somewhat; red hair contains a reddish colored oil, a large proportion of sulphur, and lect | a small quantity of iron; fair hair, a white oil with phosphate of nesia; and the white hair of the aged, a considerable quantity of bone earth, or phosphate of lime. According to the latest analysis, fair hair contains the least car- bon and hydrogen, and most oxygen and sul- ur; Lime 4 boom! follows next, i at Raa ir gives the largest proportion of carbon a the smallest of oxegeu ard sulphur. The white ‘appears to be derived from a diminished secretion of the follicles. When the coloring pigment ceases to be produced, the h is frizzed-+ hair becomes gray or white. When the power of the recon ng is re- duced, the formation of pigment is the first function that suffers. en ome yor ae shows itself in the haur, it indicates a w: of tone in its producing organs, and if this tone could be restored, the hair would cease to change. Dr. Copland says, in his ‘Dictionary of Medicine,’ that im some cases with which he was ac- quainted, the hair grew white in winter, and that it gradually darkened in summer, when, moreover, it sprang up from the roots in its original color. Mr. Erasmas Wilson found on occasions premature yhess amenable to treatment, when cai y illness—especially in neuralgic or nervous complaints—and in certain instances he was enabled to restore the | hair to its pristine hue by internal remedies. | Much has been said or written as to the possi- bility ef sudden blanching of the hair, a-fact | which is admitted by some physiologists, and denied by others. The believers appeal to evi- | dent facts, whilst the unbelievers say that | emotions of the mind can have no direct effect on the hair, that they can only influence it | through the general health, and that when such changes have beem observed, they must be attributed to a cessation from the use of hair dyes. When doctors disagree, a layman must not venture an opinion. We can only say that | Mr. Erasmus ilson, formerly @ scofter, became converted from some facts that oc- curred with his own knowledge, and he relates some cases in point. A lady, who was expecting her intended husband to arrive by sea from the north of England, on hearing of the foundering of the ship which carried bim, swooned, and on the following evening her hair, which had been a deep brown, became as white | assnow. Subsequently, the whole of the white | hair fell off, and another crop appeared, which | was gray, and lasted for many years. Her whole | System underwent a revulsion; the fountain of | life seemed to dry up, and the very color of her blood exhausted. The instances of Mary Queen | of Scots and Marie Antoinette, both of whom became gray with grief in a short time, are recounted in history. Henry of Navarre, on hearing that the Edict of Nemours waa conce- | ded. was so incensed and grieved that in the course of a few hours part of one of his moustaches whitened. | It is also narrated that a young Spaniard of noble family, had prevailed upon a young lady of high lineage to grant him an interview under the bough of a tree within the garden of the King of Spain. The lowers ing be- trayed by the barking of a dog. the gentleman | was seized and imprisoned bythe Loren, uard. He knew he had committed a capital offence, for which Prompt death would be the swift pun- ishment, and he took to heart his impendi fate so much, that on the same night he tu: ray as one stricken Vee ayo The jailer ing moved at the sight, the accident as a prodigy, to King Ferdinand, who ha ny O04 pardo: the venturesome wooer, saying he had already been sufficiently punished for his fault. We are also told that a banker, during the anic of 1825, became gray in three days from intense anxiety, which is not very surprising. But what is astomshing 1s that a gentlemen years old, who was married, in the ion of a dark head of hair, on his return from his honeymoon, had become so berg my esd snow white, even to his eyebrows, that his friends no longer recognized him, and even doubted his identity. The happiness of matrimony seemed to have a very unusual effect upon him. and the wonder of the bride may be better imagined than described. Mr. Erasmus Wilson does not attempt to explain the modus randi of these changes, which may be attributed either to electrical action or chemical alteration in the blood itself. Some men, in their old age, have a return of this dark hair, just as some individuals have been —— in vel) hp ageage life to shed their t iorea ts “dyeing the bal into two. The on em in ir 3 2, whlch is founded on the rational means of res- the color of the hair, consists in supply- ing the materials employed by Nature for the pigment. Sulphur and iron. and perhaps mag- nesia, appear to constitute the it in ques tion, iron being found principally in the darker hair. Availing ourselves of this Leg ye we may darken hair by conveying to its bulbs by nt power of the skin one or more of these materials, as may be aired. They must be applied in adiluted solution to the hair glands, on the same principle that we stain the bones of young animals b; the administration of madder with their food. alone, it hasthe de- y, nistered the flaxen. The | sired effect jling with the sulphur of the 5 When the Rairisso far Menthe. 0 no hair. longer to possess this substance, it must be supplied artificially in a sey “form. Iron that it is beneficial to the system, that its use cam scarcely ever be ‘A and copper are fre- iron by fashionable supposed to give passage to one hair. The sur- | hairdressers. Most of the hair ek liner Form nts 120 square inches, | shops owetheir coloring power to lead, which, which would yield 89,20 hairs. The calculation combing with the sulpin ee geage to two tre eck _ sa |, pores passage to two! oning ins Svan erae aoe ea should give | a similar action. passage to two halrs, we should find 1,116 hairs | ment of the last named metal reser inch, or 133.920 hairs on @ media whilst, if we calculate two hairs on eac! we shall arrive at the conclusion that who own luxuriant heads carry on them Fe ag 03,00 individual hairs. The of color of human hair appear to be referrible to type and to climate. If we pro- ceed towards the north the hair becomeslighter, while if we proceed to the south it ms in its hues, these differences being comment inn of the 1° the amount of pigment in the scarf-skin, The But Gancastan variety of mankind, se we bebeld in the inhabitants of Europe, has hair of a “nut- brown, running on the one hand into yellow, ‘and on the other inte black, long, soft and un- dulating,” whilst the hair of the Mongolian variety is black, stiff, straight and ing, 28 we observe in the natives of the Indies, China, and the Laplanders and uimaux. ‘The hair in the Ethiopian variety is and erisp, and accompanied by a black skin, as in the negro. The American Indians, who pos pA pe Diack, stitt spare hair Trace, and Le § ny incteies the ie: lack, soft, curly, thick aud agundent hott, ir asters, te hoy Aas Aya ly te t oes yp ficiency, rather an excess, of hair, but | in their resu! often see now when the laiter event occurs, it is sometimes human head of hair passing theoeghes. . exceeding! im their | tion of tints, as we did s little hairs | from snow-white roots and with are color- | black tips. Nevertheless, even most under the influences | fully dyed head cannot approach nature, and suscepti- | can searcely fail to be detected by a close ob- accountsof | The curling nature of the hair is attributed a 18s, tho case oft | prevent the abssrption of waters Sty Tee sat | T'daeeees ocean ee to her with well well known soft, woolly hair like a poodle dog. = the sate of the har parelpatcs pe in the «tate of ez ung ihe time of the embassy to Barmah in a oy yp , & man was met » who was com- | curly hair becomes straight Porsessors Pletely hairy from head to foot. On his face, | out of health, and the condition of the hair the ears, which were searcely visible. - —— brilBancy of hue, and become lank and straight, from the presence of imperfect juices. In oth- , there may be a total absence of such hose reaching Africa found them to grow ee coarse. resembling which could only be ‘treme dryness of the climate, ceased on the travelers returning to their own country. No doubt this is the cause which, operating through thousands of has inged the negro’s hair into a coarse wool. Human hair is not the less useful because it is Ornamental. It is a bad conductor to heat, and keeps the head warm in winter and cold in sum- mer. It wards off the effect of the sun; and we find negroes exposing themselves without head covering to its eit rays in tropical cli- mates, without the est injury; and some somata oes Arabs, = wear neither tarboosh nor turban, are said to rely solely on their bushy heads of as peel ‘4 against sunstroke, The moustache is a natural respira- tor, —— the lungs the inhalation of cold and dust. It is a protection of the face and throat against cold, and is equally in warm chmates a Bren som for those against excessive heat. The moustaches of blacksmiths show bd their color the dust which they stopped as a natural respirator, and which, i? inhated, would have been injurious. The moustache is beneficial to those who follow the trades of millers, bakers, masons, to workers in metals, and even to travelers in Eeypt and Africa, when they are ex to the burning sands of the ‘deseré, Full beards are said to be a defense —_ bronchitisand sore throats. Itis asserted that the sappers and miners of the French army, who are noted for the size and beauty of their "beards, enjoy a special immunity from affectionsof this nature. T! ial ‘he grewth of hair has been recommended to persons liable to take cold easily. It is stated that Walter Sav: Landor was a sufferer from sore throat for many years, and that he lost the morbid dis sition by allowing his beard to grow, ‘acoording to the advice of the surgeon to the Grand Duke of Tuscany. The writer adopted the same course for the very identical reason, and with fair suc- cess. But he is bound to state that he has seen individuals with long flowing beards, whom those ornaments did not save from attacks of bronchial and |: eal disorders. Let us now turn our attention to the greatest calamity that can befall us with reference to hair-—that is, its partial or total loss. The loss of hair is unpleasant in the young, and more in femelesthanin males. The former, however, seem to be less subject to it than the latter. If the fall be limited to the beard, the visitation =. be bearable in a young man, though the sight of a cranium assmooth and shining as a billiard ball is not a pleasant spectacle. But when not only the entire scalp is laid bare, but the eyelashes and the eyebrows and the whis- kers and the beard disappear also, it is no com- mon aftliction. The annoyance is great also when, instead of a total fall, round white patches of the honrel 4 become denuded, making eres ee Loe e' fg — by — dis- agreeable ase. ig is supposed the Public to be cansed by rift om, because ring Worm produces similar effects. ‘Mr. Erasmus Wilson says that in these instances the skin is healthy enough, and that the evil arises from the nerves that supply the skin. Under these cireumstances, he advises that the parts be well brushed until redness ensue and a warm gl be produced, and then the patches should be well brushed with a warm tooth-brush, dipped in distilled vinegar, morning and night. jough great pains aré generally taken in dressing the hair, they are often misdirected, through sheer want of knowledge. Mr. Eras- mus Wilson is of opinion that by proper man- agement not only might the color of the hair be preserved for many years beyond the usual pe- riod of such change, but also that the hair it- self wight be retained to the end of lire. According to Dr. Copland, among the princi- pal causes of premature baldmess may be reck- oned anxiety of mind, extreme or protracted grief, unexpected and unpleasant intelligence, right or terror, great mental exertion; severe, ated or continual headaches; eczema and other chronic eruptions of the scalp; excessive hemorrhage; mercurial courses; an hereditary predisposition; adynamic fevers, and too great sacrifices at the altar of Venus. The hair falls from the atrophy and wasting of the pilous fol- licles, or from their impaired or suspended vital action. Inthe latter case, the evil may be ar- rested or averted; whilst in the former, it would be almost hopeless to attempt it. When the baldness is complete, and comes in youth wit out apparent cause, there is probably some v inherent in the constitution, unless it be in- herited, in which case the isted in the constitution of pl Now for the treatment of the air. Let u first say what is to be avoided. Masses of hair matum must be particularly eschewed. The lm of greasy matter excludes the genial action of the rope gi from the hair, and re! the texture the skin, chokes up its perspi tory es, and damages its functions. The rancid grease acts as a corrosive irritant, in- ducing scurfiness, and at .ength actual disease of the scalp When this decline of the hair is noticed, the doses of oil or pomade are in- creased, or some advertised nostrum is resorted to, and naturally in vain. The hair is certain to decay under such treatment. The hair bulbs yy anes ; — and baldness ensue before eir time. ¢ oleaginous compounds used for the head, the best are olive and almond oils, veal suet, and recent hog’s lard, perfumed with some aromatic essential oil. Frequent brushing of the head is beneficial, as it increases the action of the skin. Mr. Eras- mus Wilson says that the head cannot be brushed too much, any more than the horse's coat can be too much groomed. By combing and brushing, grooms not yh juce a fine coat, but improve considerably the healthy con- ition of the animal. Thus the more the scalp ed, the more heaithy will be the skin and by a reflected rer, the general health o 1 the individual will greatly gain. The hair- dressers, like other of more scientific pursuits, seem to be divided in opinion on this subject. One rushes xes ra~ that the contrary of the hair. Mr. Erasmus Wilson, admitting that there isa show of reason in favor of the non-brushes, thatthe brushers have the best of the ‘ument, and supports their view of the case. ol of bri the Ist, abd ihe other fo encits tng vigorous action a exci n of the skin. It follows that whilst surface brushing should be done gently, 80 as not to tear the roots of the hair, when the skin is to be acted upon, the brush cannot be too hard and Therefore Mi tion are pithily sum: in hairdresser of Bristol, who — that “The head = be brushed too much, or the hair too ie” To preserve the hair in health, it should be daily well brushed; it should be washed once a week in soap and water, and occasionally one of the oils or light greases may be applied with advantage. If the hair shows a tendency to weakness, proper attention is uired to arrest the evil ‘ise premature ness will fol- low. ‘These casesare frequently far from bel as hopeless as people imagine. e fal of bair may be arrested in many in- stances by treatment, and new hair ma: duced if the roots be not utterly The hair should be ph into morning and night, then rubbed, afterwards adequate imternal and exter- be 4 cold water B ‘= g iy act eke, if iF 4 i i ve g all these substances tending to increase the action of the skin. The hair, moreover, should be cut frequently, and kept short whiist under treatment. The ordi methed of hair cutting isof little avail remedially. Usually the lot trimmed, whereas it is the bairs require lan is practised by a ams, in Mount street, Grosvenor square, whose method, according to Erasmus Wilson, bas pro- duced the happiest and most remarkable re- tuits. This haircutter told Mr. Erasmus Wil- son that there would be epough work for all his brethren of the scissors if h: were cut prop- erly, but then there would be an end to wig- making. This system tends much to prevent the extension of grayness, and, combined with jeaicious, plucking, is capable, of, correctin completely the disorder. In order to render generally Popular, we must remark, the scale of charges should be reduced so as to place it within reach of the multitude. No external treatment in the severer cases of hair calling can be successful, unless it be a companied by proper internal remedies, tak: under medical guidance. The di, ion will have to be attended to; and tonics,such as quinine, strychnia, cod-liver oil, the various preparations of iron and phorus, will have to be — loyed to build up the constitution, and repair any nervous exhaustion. Fowler's pepreea! nb arsenic has oe pene = extraordinary properties in this respect by Mr. Ke 3° as stated by him in hi “Guide to the Treatment of Diseases of the Skin.” The discov of this peculiar influence of this powerful medicine was made accidentally on an elderly man, who was being treated fora disease of the skin, aud who had become par- tially bald from natural decay. He had taken | arsenic for six weeks, when he called the sur- eon’s attention to the surprising fact that his air was growing luxuriantly on the bald por- tion of his scalp. The hair was snort, but healthy and thick. Mr. Hunt tried the remed: on one bandved and sixty patients, and thougi it occasionally failed in elderly le, it was invariably successful in yeung and middle-aged subjects. The effects were apparent after six or eight weeks, but the treatment had to be continued for many months before it could be left hol Here no outward applications were required. It has been asserted that wearing a beard often causes baldness, as it is alleged that the | strength which is spent in promoting the growth of the hairon the chin leaves so much less to assist the | prickag of the hair on the scalp. In support of this theory, those individuals are pointed out, who, possessing more or less luxu- riant beards, have lost their hair early. But it is not proved that those two circumstances are in any way connected together, and it is im- possible to ascertain whether the same individ- uals would not have equally lost their hair, had they never exhibited those ornaments on their ebi This is one of those theories that, like many other physiological problems of far great- er importance, must remain unsolved for the present. Attention to the rules we have re- peated, and to the observations we have made, will do more towards the preservation of our hair than any doctrine with reference to our | beards. oo Earth’s Destiny. ‘The time is coming when there will be no more shipwrecks, when ocean steamers will not sink or disappear, and when coasters need no longer fear the dread lee shore. It will not be this year or next, but it some time will be, if we Can credit a recent article by Professor Winchell, of Michigan. It appears—or rather is, though it does not yet appear—that the waters of the earth are drying up. The earth is cooling, the water works its way deeper and deeper into the crust each year, and in the course of time it will be soaked up without evap- oration, ocean and atmosphere alike will be drawn into the cold embrace of the earth; which will be left a frozen desert, floating Lachey, spice throughout all time, likean empty ship in the Arctic seas. His theory is that as order came out of chaos by the cooling of the exterior of the melted mases, so this same process 18 to con- | tinue to the end. He finds confirmation for this in the present condition of the moon, which, un- doubtedly, once was what the earth was, but it has gradually cooled off to be “‘a fossil world, an ancient cinder suspended in the heavens, once the seat of all the varied and intense ac- tivities which now characterize the surface of the earth, but in the present period a realm of silence and stagnation.” Other heavenly bodies show other stages of the proccss, Saturn in its ring condition is the freshest; then Jupiter, where watery mists are beginning to gather in a vaporous envelope, pro- ducing rain; then the earth, as it is; and ‘then | Mais, which is entering upon the decline of the organic phase and where rains are infrequent and cold isencroaching. Last of all isthe earth’s | moon, as already described. The reason 2 the moon has become a desert before the earti is, that it is forty-nine times smaller, and hence cools forty-niné times quicker. if any one, therefore, can just find when the moon began to cool and how long time the operation occu- ied, he can make an easy calculation as to the ngth of our future and the value of 999 years’ leases. The theory does not precisely accord with the idea that we are to destroyed by heat, unless that be interpreted in the negative sense et destroying us by leaving us, and the present condition of the Atlantic Ocean, or even nearer home, of Connecticut river, does not seem to imply imminent danger of a lack of water. Still with such a , even in the Femote future, men can {nugh at the ragin clally since many of them forstal- waters—es} ling the disappearance, have already adopted a substitute for it isan article of consumption and daily,need.—Hartford Courant. What to Do im Case of Accident. Prof. Wilder, of Cornell University, gives the following short rules for action in cases of acci- dent, which will be found useful to remember : For dust in the eyes, avoid rubbing; dash water in them; remove c! » etc., with the round point of a lead pencil. Remove water from the ear by tepid water; never put @ hard instrument in the ear. if aw is cut, compress above the wound; if a vein is cut, compress below. if choked, on all fours and cough. For slight burns, dip the part in cold water; if the skin is ed, cover with var: Smother a fire with car, often spread burning oil, ie danger. Before paselng through smoke take a . ) P Tow bat if carbolic long breath, and acid gas is suspected, walk erect. Suck poisoned wounds, unless your mouth is sore; enlarge the wound, or, better cut out the without delay, hold the wounded part as ao ee toa hot coal or end of a ar. in case of poisoning excite venites by tick- ling the throat, or by warm water and mustard. For acid poisons, give alkalies; for alkaline poisons, give acids—white of egg is good in most cases; in a case of opium-poisoning give strong coftee, and kee; moving. = If in water, float on the back, with the nose and mouth projecting. For apoplexy, raise the head and body; for fainting, lay person fiat. NoveLTy tx MurDer.—A singular mur- ive to see wi The en; beer was discov lyi rails, with a fearful wound in his , from which the blood was flowing. He was unable to speak and died shortly a |. The fire- man was soon found running along the track. He said that a quarrel had arisen ween the engineer and himeelf; that the former had burned his hand, and that he, in an; had struck the man who was now dead. ‘Phere | i 2 Ly 4 nt ont Hd : E 2 § see eo ili PROPOSALS. Peeresay FOR SUPPLIES. Navy Dera’ Bentav or Constacction axD Breied Prom tones, me. oS Se PET Ge = a care the fiscal year ending the 30th of Is that task weral Materials forthe Navy for the fiscal year endi: June 1s: foTfowing vem, Lo De delivered at oe thagg dhe Ae To as > eying Jane 2.184 willbe recetved at this Burcem antil i | {he cificeof the Amistunt’ Quartermaster Marine upon his powers of endurance, and he finally | fuerte bigs eg, ATE DAT OF MAY next,at which | Corps, Philadelphia, Pa., free ol expense te tbe emclades to buy a house and lot in town. | | The ‘ ; 1 ORES IS or tne articies & commence Children of farmers we know are continually ureaa, , Navy De- | seventy days, and the entire pore | townwards, secking em, less posse fer Tee ‘apd must be i with six months date of borious than farm labor. These have. all | po ctecimgcitind Hee ooh ee ees may | Tule afice recerves the Tight 108 been accustomed to s plenty of room. Their | "°7s pretent ceasesten on eh copenine @f | deemed best for the iuterest of the Government means will not permit of their buying large nds, partes biddene Sor supplies ef seeeret | Chass Not lots at city or village prices, and it comse- | yards wilt enclose their tide om separate emeciopee, | sky-biue Aereey, all wool, 84 Inches uently becomes a matter of importance to | eact endorsed with the namie af the yard fot watch the ive of selvedge,) weigh mto know how to make the most oftheir | Std 1s made | 0 z yard. fiadigo wool ayed,) with 3.400 yarde dark bine Ketery all wool, 4 noes wide, (exclusive of solv te weigh ounces to the yard,(indigo wool dyed,) with white woolen selvodge 2,600 yarde dark Ulue Twilled Cl Printed schedules for euch classes as parties deal in and intend to bid for, together with instruc:tons te bidders, giving the forms of proposal of guaran- tee, and of certincate of guarantors, with printed forme of offer, will be farnished to sach per: - desire to Bid, on application to the Comm: of the respective Ni space, Old city residents are realizing a growing rural taste; @ yearning for fruits and flowers, and trees, and shrubs,— and growing | around their own dwellings “Their business does not admit of their living M™ the country, | 2 te and those of all the MM tnches wide (exclusive of se! i ‘did, | Yards on application te the Butean ‘ounces to. th . itndigo vel and they do not know how to live there if itdid, | The Commandant of each Navy Yard, and the eb Sai eae ge wool dy: so they desire to have as much of the © rus in | urbe” as is compatible with their limited space. | ‘We feel that we shall do all our readers of moderate means, who live, or wish to live in town, a favor by publishing the following il- lustrations of double cottages, from the second | number of Vick’s Floral Guade,—now in press. It strikes us that they are singularly well- adapted to narrow village or city lots. We Se fancy the one represented in ure 2: " In Europe, double, or what are called semi- | Purchasing Paymaster for each Station, will havea copy of the schedules of the other yards, for exami nation only, in order that persona who intend ts bid | ay whether it it desirable to make applica. | tion for any of the classes of those yards. | The proposals must be for the whole of a class, but the Department reserves the right te reduce the whole class, should the interest 3 require it, before the executic applicaticis for inforaation 200 yards Scarlet ( pol, 54 inches wide, righ 16 ounces to with white Wook CLASS No. 2 3,000 yards dark blue Flannel, for oversacks, Sort, (inaige week dyed. "6 juches wide.(e Clasive of selvedge,) to wei ounces yard, with white woolen - FK _ 14.000 yards dark biue Flannel, for shirts, all wool, Undigo weol dyed.) Z7 inches wide, (exclusive of selvedge,) to weigh 6 oances per yard, with for the examination samples, must be made to the Commendants of the respective yard Beds or offers will be revetved only from parties who be detached cott i lar. I or manufacturers of, the @r- | 330 gray Blankettrall esl, to weigh 4 tached cottages are quite popular. In ‘ a » jankets, all wool, to wei om Anierica they are seldom seen, and yet they the C of Tuternal Revenue fer j each. to be 7 feet long snd 8 feet wilccend possess advantages over the single house for in which | “Bo be district ‘he contract will teside / arded to the person who they be certain lots and circumstances which may make Ske thse sinee, property * fecce woul, with double a their consideration profitable. While they makes the lowest bid and gives the gnarantee re Farm, to - al . le a ny el eae of three sides only to the cold instead of four, “time the right to reject the lowest bid, or ‘any which it may deem exorbitant CLass Ho pedo Ae peiinimaarng ot > inne, . Under the provasioms a second sectiom @f the a-t 4,000 yards Thite Linen, for pants, 0 inches wide, to Xe, lesig' approved arch 3, offer rs " . sy to reter to what is considered the main advan- aurrinc palo Hig hanes Tailed" hts Contract for | 6.00 yards white Linen, for. shirts, 00 inches wide, tage—| mail . wil! mot bebrecenved z ounces po oe a a to 6 il, and particularly taaurtion the ft mnt wit be re iredtosign | 18000 vente Cnanen, Funnel oe gd T toches rs cont a res) ib ilie, by » Weigh 6 cunc pe Ny ec nee lols, we. believe, are mot | fed to the eatisfaction of the Mery Departmen’ | "4cWyants Cotten Picking, for ved sacks, 36 inches front.” We will make an estimate from the first | whnwigiticnal securi ot of the Bilis until tka oe” ose CLASS No. 4 figures. Suppose we build a single house ona | tracts sball have been completed, and eighty per S00 Catform Caps, complete, except pomyons jot thirty feet in width, and make the house | centum of the amount of each bill, approved in | 124 Pompons,red worsted, ball shaped, and 5 in- triplicate by twenty feet front, which is narrow enough tor | front room and hall. Ten feet of lot remains unoccupied. For the drippings of the ea: Xe., it is usual to locate the house about three feet from one line of the lot. Perhaps the per- son owning the adjoining lot also builds three | the Commandants of the respective yards, will be paid by the Paymaster of the station designated in the contract, or, if none is # | by the Paymaster of the’ station nearest the yard phere the goods are delivered. within ton days ater ye Warrant for same s! ave D passed he Secretary of the Treasury. i . reumference. feet from the same line. The result is six feet | , The classes of this Bureau are numbered and of gloomy, damp, shaded space, with a fence | “¢siguated as follows: in the colter, satinely unaightly and worth, | piel o.2,, Was Ont Reet Jess; 1m fact, worse than worthless—a nuisance. On the other side of each house there is a piece of ground bon onto feet in width, which will be almost entirely taken up with a walk, leay- ing little or nothing for grass or flowers. Ye will suppose two persons. owning ad- joining lots, agree to build a double house; or that one nm, owning both lots, concludes to build double and rent half, or that some one has a married son or daughter he would like to have live very near, so that he could play with the children on the grass in summer, and tell Timber; No. 4, kK Plank at 12 Prams, comp 1 Batter Drum He. 320 Spare Drum Heads Ju Drum Cords wo Drum Soares met ‘treousiis: Bo. o fuee ‘White Oak Stavewand Heading; No. ¥ them stories by the fire in the winter. In the | 2uarS!'Ne Ss" Wrought Tron tae So nee first case, they might build a house something pe 2. ol; No. 87. Tron 8 ‘No. 3 like that shown in the first figure, with a light | lrop Wrenght Nails; No. 89, lron Out ‘: fence between the two lots. ‘The houses are | Lead, pipe sheets No. 43; Zinc; Mo; 44, 5 just as much separate as though they were six | Svlder: No. 48. Locks, Hinges, feet apart, and with no windows facing each other, as is often seen when houses are built separate, and occasionally with an ugly board screen between. The result is that all the No. 51, Angers; No Tools for use in yard %, White Lead N red Paints, Dry: 0. » Zine Painta; + Linge oil round not covered by the house is ether, Metin) ¥ rite jo. rt leaving full ten feet, enough for walk and eh BS I ih i grass. rit ery; No. 72, Crncibles: Now take the other supposition, that the two Ship Chandlery: No 7i, Ache; No.7: Rosine van houses are occupied by those who have no de- ade Turpentine 77, Belting. Packing: (With the priv seing any above sire to be fenced away trom each other, then the hy (Ned, Jung; | atantities, wot t — ground can be laid out somewhat as shown in the No. 88, cL 2 | _ For making and (rimming leaving ten feet on each side he following articles, second engraving, Sen & Fa orthe house, aml’an almost unbroken lawn of |g, Chercoal; We. 29, Wood, sxe numbers,re- | "'Wiatch coate sixty feet in the front. making a really pretty | jnired at the respective navy yards | Uniform coate for sergeants, corporals, musicians, place, far better than could possibly be made od privates with two detached houses on the same groun There is also some saying in the cost of build- ing.”"—Rural Home. Phoenician warmers im South Ame: ca. sergeants, corporale, musicians, sergeants, corporals, musicians, and priv Linen pants for sergeants, corporals, musicians, | and privates, bd The fact that the American continent was | neookien, well-known to the Northmen rm! bet —_ j ; pane Pe ne voyage of Columbus is now admitted by al 5 lemme! Becks, es students or early navigation, It is possible, we iain See oe might say probable, that Irish and Welsh voy- PHILADELPHIA, TT mentioned articles mat conform to the agers also anticipated Columbus, while there | Now 1,3, 4, hte eis mew ue fice of the Quarte are traditions of Tartar invasions of the Pacilic | 44, 45, 49, 80, 51, 's3, 54 racks, Washi coast. The Abbe Brasseur de Bourbourg thinks that &@ great continent once rose above the waters which now separate Africa South America. It was sunk by an earth m9 4 the West India Islands are unsubmerged peaks | 55, of the territory thus overwhelmed. A Rio | Janeiro correspondent of the New York Herald | says that acumous, and, if confirmed,an im- | a. rtant discovery has just been made in Para- | } Eyba, Brazil, iu the shape of a stone covered | with inscriptions, which was found by a slave, | on a farm. A copy of the inseription was sent to Kio Janeiro. Senor Notto, director of the Rio Museum, has pronounced the c! rs to be pure Phoenician. The inscription tells how some Phoenicians of Sidon, apparently exiles, and of both sexes, sailed from their native land during the reign of King Hiram. They left the port of Azionbager, coasted along Africa, and after about a year, lgnded on the Brazilian shore. The inscription, which con- ter's office, at 5 ver the articles named shall be considered as pot Tully couforming to samples, they will be rejected, and the contractor bound to furnish others the required kind HI fill the deficiency at the expense of the contractor Payments will be made upon accepted deliveries, withholding ten per cent. from the amount of first account rendered until sec nd delivery is made, and from amount of second account rendered until third dclivery is made, and #0 on until contract te cOm- ts A intee signed by two persons, whose reepon- sibility must ‘be certified tb) a Calted States die. trict judge, district attorney, or collector, mast accom | each proposal; otherwise it will not be co be obtained apon Blank forms of proposal can application at this office. the office of the Assistant Quartermaster adel “he office of the ca: above, or any portion NORFOLK. » 9, 12. 13, 15. 16, 18, 19, 20, 23, 24, 32, 99. 42, 43, 44. 45, "45," 49." Su, 62. 53, 60, 63, 64, 63, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73,74, 75, o, BS. MARE ISLAND. 13, 15, m, 33, 73, 87; UABTERMASTER. OF THE aADELpura Pas May 5, 1873. ry FFICE CHIEF sgieouts -~ ARTMEN 8U: — t ; Marine Barracks, Brook tains eight lines, is partly taken up with a long Assistant Quartermaster account of this ‘voyage, and partly with Inve: bia. N.¥., of the commanding officer at ‘Boston, cations of the Phoenician There were Newspapers authcrized to publish the above will two Hirame, Kings of Phoen! cia, One was the | sond the paper containing the first insertion to thie y of Solomon, B. C. to 947; the other, a Joe fon a weak prince, reigned from B. C. 558 to 552. | tte udder ae pagnen oo manntectaring Which of the two was the sovereign of the | eetablichment tat: pro voyagers does not appear. jettor Notto declines fully indorsing the gen- uineness of the jption until he has seen the stone. He says, however, that hethinks it to be @ veritable antique, since there are only six osts as t Quartermaster on duty at the time men in all Europe capable of forging such a | may designate, sue QaBsance AND omen writing, and they are above icion. ,. | S7Scords merchantable Hard Wood, more or less. cE 3 If the discovery has actually mm made, it is | 350,000 pounds Date, (well sacked,) more ec less. U_ 8. OnvNance Acevcy, of the highest archwological consequence. It | 40,000 pounds Hay, (beled,) more or leas. ‘rs. proves that a colony of Phoenicians of both 14,000 pounds Straw ,(baled,) more or less. sexes actually landed in South America. If AT FOR’ they remained there, their descendants would a, have contributed largely to the peopling of the | 575 Pounas Oats | southern portion of the Western continent. 660 pounds H. A Snappy Piece or Busixess.—The W. Y. | “jp bounds Btraw (baled Star notices with and indignation “the | strong sacks. expulsion of a number of young ladies from the ‘The hay to Pennsylvania Dental Coll Wegener | weeds, cut in the fact that had regularly matricu! ‘The straw to be of good qualit and paid the fees demanded.” The editor is bg Sy glad — ee Borers, that the es Bids will be received grie ave determined ir ‘0 the usual condit: cause in the courts with a view of obtaining Welds to be addressed be address. These ladies (we are further | delj |, Were expelled at the request of a at of the nts. Shameonthem. The: heads pulled ay viguenee committee of | —mlese ol a col Oo! feminine dentists. ‘But ‘what right had the ey to exclude them because a major ity of the male students desired their expul ‘TE: mx 4 a “emganiacg Gearing TE poe Loven, | abel tUrsnciegeeirts en ecoyy atte | Anna or Bepin ant Gotaeriae Sear SIBLE STAMPING INK FOR LINEN, _ 1» OB 5 Sc; Profesor Botiger gives the following fr” | Hose racteaemunds M. Sexe 14 tie de- | Sts th mores on baat a nr rapt poe mula of an ink for marking linen, &c., that he | ing July 1: 183. ai the pesos allicae aod cme, | Sip for pale. the right to ant maintains to be entirely unaffected by chloride | quarters in this city and Georgetown, D. O., and at | bide which are not deemed satistate to oflime, le of potassium, caustic 1» OF Fort Whipple, V1 ia, about 40 cords of Pine | the acceptance of any bid. it have to be ap- acids. Di ppg omg oa ew buts, | W: and for some time, at a temperature, ina | Oak closed flask, petroleum naptha; then allow the exceedingly volatile solvent to evaporate. 4 After mar! articles with the resulting syrupy liquid, moisten the place with aqua ammonia Bidders will state explicit Pe. Post where the ee and the = — instantly as- pay oy ae, iT will give a + anent . inds juantities 4 wl — —4 ume & P — “; color. gntee, cBetiverice wil nts be my Poste SHockinc DeatH on a STEAMER.—When aoe Pp = tothe U.8. % ment, Agency, N.¥. (P.O. TSit Javd akonnd bene Line arrived in the Merse, ance dorned «| «for ing Obsolete and Ua- matte ony VEegieye ter the eerviceable and with found in the hatch off the hold. will be the names of the Arsenais, Forts or where other men in Pa, stored, and the pames of States or io Stat iio Janetro.and it is su s which the stores proposed to be purchased are lo- was asleep in the hatch when ieee “By authority 7 and wae ou The lowest aggregate bid will be E s A. Proposals will be marked " Proposals for Fusl,” and wil2-6t Burrer.—Recent jidders are invited rn le the best temperature of the air, aswell as of | pratimareiurited to be present af the opening. to revet Brigadier 0.8. A, erally taken. A cellar, with tem; mlese Depet Quertermanter. lated by means of a PBoPosas FOB FORAGE AND STRAW. Derot QuaRTERMASTER’s OrFice, DETECTION OF ADULTERATION OF COFFEE.— = Wasuixeton, D. 0. 8, Geaapsene has been “substituted for cofiee, | alvertisemem entecbed, PASC a dilute solution of caustic w ble parties until ty = fae di arab vemcectee sce the cbsvacteriatis bas arch rections” od in ouch quantities cad, st i i ! i HH