The Daily Worker Newspaper, January 31, 1935, Page 2

Page 2 DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, THURSDAY, JANUARY 31, 1935 Hero ot Paris’ | Commune Dies | In Red Moscow Gustav Inard, an Aged CommunardHad@Fought on the Barricades (Special to the Daily Worker) MOSCOW, Jan. 30, (By Wireless) In the Moscow Kremlin Hospital yesterday there occurred the death of the veteran of the Paris Com- mune, Gustav Inard, aged 88, who actively participated in the barri cade fighting in Paris in 1871. After the fall of the Commune, Inard fled to England, from there he went to America. Meanwhile in Paris he had been condemned to death. In 1884, after a general am- nesty had been declared, he re- turned to France. Gustav Inard came to the Soviet Union in 1925. Despite his ad- vanced age Inard displayed great activity almost to the last day of his life. He took a vivid interest in sithe socialist construction of the So- viet Union and frequently spoke at Moscow factories, sending articles and letters to the French papers on the life of the proletariat in the U. 8S. S. R. Recently, when the So- viet Union mourned the death of Sergei Kirov, Gustav Inard stood in the guard of honor at the coffin of the great revolutionist. The fu- neral of Inard takes place Jan. 31. Workers’ Bill Is Introduced In Connecticut (Continued from Page 1) defense of these workers centers on *a five-point agreement: the two parties shall share equally the re- “sponsibility of conducting the de- fense; mass defense; the attorneys given freedom of decision on the case; neither party will attack the other upon the specific case, but this shall not limit comradely criti- *‘vism on issues outside the defense. The united front shall terminate upon the decision of the first court. In cases of appeal, a new united front relationship may be set up. The attorneys chosen under the united front pact will be J. O. Cooke, I. L. D. attorney of Okla- homa City, and attorney Belden of Cushing, Okla. Every. Socialist and Communist worker and their organizations have been urged to wire protests and send resolutions demanding the freedom of the prisoners to Gov- ,ernor Marland, District Judge Ed- . Ward J. Vaught at Federal CCircuit Court, and to United States District >-Attorney W. C. Lewis, all at Okla- ~.homa City. Punds for the defense of the pris- *‘oners should be sent to S. Heller- Siman, 1441 West Main Street, Okla- | » homa City. | SOVIET-MADE MACHINERY Tractors and combines aelaned by the Russian workers and made in the Soviet Union by the Russian workers at giant plants link the farm population to the city workers in their united efforts at building a Socialist society. Socialism Brings More Grain, Cattle, Better Life for the Farmers Describing the great advances in aes farming in the Soviet Union, Comrade Molotov, in his report before the 7th Soviet Congress, declared: “Ever since 19833 when the process of reorganizing | collection, agriculture was completed, we have secured a notable in- crease in the production of grain and industrial crops. As a result, already in 1933 the gross collection of grain amounted to 590,000,000 poods more than was obtained from the same territory in 1913, con- sidered an exceptional harvest year. “The general harvest of grain in the Soviet Union during 1934 re- mained on a level with 1933; how- ever, the results of the actual grain reduced by losses during harvesting, turned out to be from 250,000,000 to 300,000,000 poods more than in 1933, “This year we have before us the task of considerably increasing ag- ricultural production in all branch- es, by an amount totalling two and half billion roubles, or an increase by 16.4 per cent. “The most important problem be- fore agriculture at the present time is to raise the level of cattle breed- ing. At the Seventeenth Congress of the C. P. S. U., Stalin placed this task before all kolkhoz villages namely, to secure a turn in the de- velopment of cattle breeding during 1984. Now, we can say that’ last year saw the beginning of this turn I have at my disposal statistical in- formation just received, on the re- registration of cattle carried out en Jan. 1, 1935. “These figures are not yet com- plete, as they do not include the Soviet kolkhozes. They refer the North Caucasus, Saratov, Sta- lingrad, the Western Siberian dis- trict, Moscow, Ivanovsk, Kursk, Voronezh Provinces, also Bashkiria, | The Daily Worker here publish- es a special section of V. M. Molo- tov’s brilliant and comprehensive introductory keynote speech at = the All-Union Congress of Soviets in which the Chairman of Peoples Commissars particularly deals with the role of Soviet roreign policy and its imtiuence toward | world peace, the problems of the disarmament conference, the work of the Soviet Union in the League of Nations, and the difference in the foreign policies of the capital- > ist and Soviet worlds, : (Special to the Daily Worker) MOSCOW, Jan. 30 (By Wireless). | *—“Our government has always at- tached great importance to the! fi open discussion of the question of 3, disarmament, or at least, of the *; maximum reduction of armaments. ; It was for this end that Soviet diplomacy worked at the interna-| tional disarmament conference. We | * may say that numerous sessions of | 7) the international disarmament con- = ference proved fruitless, but nobody f/can say that the Soviet Union did, * not do everything in its power to| + insist on general, or at least maxi- | = mum disarmament. It is not our | fi business to defend the Geneva dis- = armament conference, but we do} = not doubt that the efforts of Soviet | .. diplomacy at this conference, which “onsen widely known in many “The logical continuation of this policy is our proposal to convert the $) disarmament conference, from . which some members wish to quick- | § ly rid themselves, into a permanent @) conference for peace, into an organ ry constantly striving to avert war. =: This proposal will be discussed | =) again by other countries at the in-/| , ternational conference, and we shall | * insist on it. | eee the recent period, the) 2) question of our attitude toward the 3; League of Nations arose in a new ‘Manner. We know that the League “of Nations was formed previously 2) by states which did not then want) to recognize the existence of the t'mew workers’ and peasants’ state, ti but, on the contrary, participated | +, in anti-Soviet military intervention. ‘Strenuous efforts were formerly *! made to convert the League of Na- +: tions into a weapon directed against the Soviet Union. The League was intended to ensure agreement Cites Gains Made Through Soviet Policy of Peace —Shows How U. S. S. R. Initiated Peace Measures for International Safety among the imperialists for this pur- post. But this plot failed. plause.] (LAp- Question of the League “Since then much water has | flowed under the bridge. Events in recent years have emphasized changes which took place in the situation in the League of Na- tions. The most militantly ag- gressive elements have begun to abandon the League. Under pres- ent conditions, membership in the League of Nations was a hin- drance and an obstacle to their | plans. At the present time, how- ever, the majority of the members of the League of Nations, for vari- ous reasons, are not interested in the outbreak of a new war. We had to draw our concrete Bolshe- ‘ik conclusions from this situa- tion, Therefore We adopted a systematic attitude toward the proposal of 30 countries regarding to! Tatsria, Crimea and the Ukrai But already they make it possible for us to judge the turn in cattle |breeding made during 1934. A com- | parison of parallel figures for Jan. i, 1934 and Jan. 1, 1935 shows that qi g the last year, creased by 8.5 per cent, “Horned cattle of the kolkhozes last year increased by 30 per cent; the number of calves more than doubled. The sheep and goats on the kolkhozes went up 18 per cent, and for the kolkhoz peasant sector | as a whole increased by 11 per cent. “In regard to grain and indus- trial crops, as well, we are con- fronted with bigger tasks than last year. Our agriculture is now equipped with machines, tractors combines, automobiles, etc., as ni before, and we must achieve a still more pronounced rise in the tempo of agricultural production than in the period past. | “We built our own tractor plants, | | and last year alone produced 93,500 During the period under agriculture has already been supplied with several hundred jthousand tractors and other ma- chines. In 1935 we must supply r machine stations alone with tractors, 10,000 automobiles, 14,600 combines, and many other essential machines and implements. It is necessary now to learn to use these machines to best advantage, | and the village will be able to de- velop a full cultural life. in the number of | horses worked on the kolkhozes in- | getic discussion following the the enlivening foundation for | urgent tasks of the Soviet Govern-@ {ment in the near future. “During the four years since the | Sixth Soviet Congress,” Molotov | declared, “the economy of the US. S.R. has made a big stride forward. In the period under review we suc-| cessfully completed the First Five- Year Plan, fulfilling it in four years. This allowed us immediately to push forw rd to the grandiose Second e-Year Plan for the period 1933- 1937 and. put still bigger tasks in the new Plan than in the first. “In actual practice, of course,” added Molotov, “there is no special | demarcation between the first and the second Five-Year Plan. In reality the second is the organic continuation of the first. The fun- damental tasks of both are—the rise of the national economy of the country and the rise of the material well-being and culture of the masses of people. No Crisis “The good fortune of our country is that we have no crises as other that our national econ- jomy as a whole, especially our in- | dustry, not only did not experience any on the contrary, ge countries, | steady enormous pace, “We have no plants or factories, blast furnaces or Martin ovens that are not working, or going to wreck and ruin because it is not profitable to work them. We con- tinue to increase the work of our functioning enterprises. But the existing plants and factories are insufficient for us. We are build- ing hundreds and thousands of new enterprises and a year does not pass without starting to build new giants of Soviet industry, giants of electrification, of ma- chine construction, in metallurgy, | and chemical plants. “New industrial districts and towns seem to spring out of the ground. The backward regions and districts are going into the ranks of the advanced. “National culture on a socialist basis, which is beginning to flour- ish, represents an unprecedented sight outside the boundaries of the Soviet Union and world his- tory generally, [Applause.] Advances of Industry In Soviets Surpasses All Previous Records | New Indusirial Districts and Towns Spring Up Out of the Ground—Backward Regions Join Ranks of the Advanced “(Special to the Daily Worker) MOSCOW, Jan. 30 (By Wireless) —Six hours of ener- report as Chairman of People’s Commissars today acted as | devoted to the triumphs of socialism in n the U.S.S.R. and the} Seem to first part of V. M. Molotov’s the second part of his speech, “The rise in our economy finds {its general reflection in the big) |growth of the national income. In} | the four years elapsed the national income grew from 35 billion rubles to 56 billion rubles last year, that is, it has increased 59 per cent. In the same period the state budget increased four and a half times. | | Rise In Economy | “The general rise in the national economy may be seen in the basic industrial centers, as in the recently still absolutely backward and re- mote agricultural regions. The turn has come even in the most remote | regions of our Union. “Precisely in the period under re- | view the Far Eastern District be- |gan to grow at an exceptionally Every Factory Runs In Soviet Union the main, we have fulfilled the great task set us by Lenin. In Russia, | the entire proletarian population, | including farm laborers and their families, amounted in 1913 to 23,« 300,000 people. In 1928, before the beginning of the first piatiletka, it | amounted to 26,300,000 people, and | at the beginning of 1934, it amounte ed to 47,100,000; that is, in come parison with 1913, the proletarian population has doubled. “Still more serious changes took place with regard to the peasantry, The peasant population (excluding the kulaks), together with artisans, handeraftsmen, amounted during ' 1913 to 90,700,000 people. In 1928, the situation had already changed, It had already become impossible to speak of the peasantry without die viding it into kolkhozniks and ine dividual peasants. Peasant kolke hozniks worked together with artie } Sams and handcraftsmen in the co *; operatives, and were not yet great Marusia Bagrash, an eighteen-year-old girl, who is addressing this meeting of the Soviet collective farm, Red Meadow, is chairman | of the collective. Despite her youth, she has led the farm in carrying through i its | Program, Sicialise F bindaih Is Firmly Established By the Soviet Toilers The rapid strides of Socialist upbuilding growing out of | the Five-Year Plans, and its tremendous industrialization | and collective farm program, was dealt with in detail by Com- rade Molotov, reporting to nearly 2,000 Soviet representa-! | tives at the 7th Soviet Congre rapid pace. This is very significant |0f Comrade Molotov’s speech deal. for our country, since the Far East- decline for a single year, but} grew from year to| {year and moved forward with a] ern District is rich in natural re- sources and has a great future. The past period has shown that the Soviet Union can rapidly move for- | ward in the development of even such remote and difficult regions from the point of view of trans- port. “We have continued to develop the industrial enterprises, transport | and agriculture in the Far East. But besides, in the last three or four years a great deal of new construc- tion has been taking place there. We are successfully laying a second track along the entire railway line jof the Far East which stretches 7,000 miles and have started build- | ing a big Baikal-Amur railway line. | | Growth of Industry | Devoting himself now to the mag- | niftcent rise of agriculture, Molotov | said: “Now we can already say that | i conesti penton of agriculture in our | | country is completed in the main.| | Four-fifths of peasant househol ds | | were in collectives by the beginning of 1935, nine-tenths of the sown j;area of the U.S.S.R. belonging to! the collective and state farms. The | individual peasant has moved into| @ secondary place by the course of | events and plays an ever decreasing |role in agriculture. The kolkhozes jare growing stronger and can al- |ready tackle their really big tasks. | ing with this phase of the situation in the Soviet Union: | “Comrade Stalin, at the Seven- | teenth Congress of the Communist | Party of the Soviet Union, said: “We have already laid the | foundation of a Socialist society in the U. S. S. R., and we no have left as our task only to com- plete it with the superstructure— which is undoubtedly a less diffi- cult task than laying the founda- tion.’ “No one can refute this assertion. | |The foundation of a Socialist so- | lciety in the U. S. S. R. has been | built, and built firmly. [Applause.] Already nothing is left of capital- | ist economy in the U..8. S.R. The | remnants of small, privately owned farms in the villages no longer count. “Socialism has sustained its vie- tory in our country, This victory has been sustained on the basis of the N. E. P., which to oppor- tunists leaning to the side of the bourgeoisie seemed only a policy of retreat, but which became in the hands of the Bolsheviks the | lever to the victory of Socialism. “But how far we have gone be- yond that situation in which the N. E. P. was introduced, when nu- merous capitalist elements were still lodged in the pores of our system, | cases even the kolkhoz workers ap- | pear in the market as private sellers |ments of trade and money taken | Sustained Victory | Lenin Set Task | The following is the section | especially in the villages! Even now we have not yet completely out- lived the N. E. P., since even after liquidating the capitalist elements | in our economy, we have millions of individual peasants possessing pri- | vate farms left, and since in some of their produce. The N. E. P. stil lingers in its last stage, continuing | its work under Socialism. Further- | more, such tried weapons of our economic development as the instru- by us from the arsenal of bourgeois society and adopted to the needs of Soviet power, will continue to be used for a long time, and will ful- fill a most important service for socialism, “At the end of 1922, Lenin set as the main task of the proleta- rian revolution the transformation of ‘N. E. P. Russia’ into ‘Socialist Russia” In these words we have Lenin’s chief behest for our Party, the leadership of all construction. We can now say: N. E. P. Russia has become Socialist Russia. (Temp estuous, continuous ap- plause.] Our country has been transformed. “This transformation found its re- flection in the basic changes in the social structure of our country. In in number. They comprised 4,400,- 000 people, while the individual peasants totalled 111,100,000 people. The situation was entirely different at the end of 1934, when the kolk- hozniks already numbered 77,000,000, and individual peasants 37,900,000, The overwhelming majority of the peasants have already joined kolk- hozes. Since then, the number of individual peasants was reduced still further and at present they com> prise only about one-fifth of the toiling peasant population. The Kulak Class | “Let us now see what happened with the bourgeois classes, including landlords, the large and small urban’ bourgeoisie, merchants, and the kulaks, In 1913 they represented a great force. Their total number reached 22,100,000, including 17,100,- 000 kulaks. The October Revolu- tion during its first decade swept aside a considerable portion of this social stratum, and many began to penetrate other social groups. Thus, in 1928 only 6,800,000 remained, in- cluding 5,600,000 of the kulak class, “As a result of these regroupings, | the relations between the basic so- | cial groups of the population in our country have changed in the fol- lowing way: the proletarian popula tion increased from 16 per cent in 1913 to 28.1 per cent at the begin- ning of 1934. Among the toiling masses of the peasantry, a new group of peasant collective farm members has been formed, which at the beginning of 1934 already represented 45.9 per cent of the to- tal population of the country, and at present represents over half our population. At the beginning of 1934, the individual peasantry rep- resented only 22.5 per cent, and at present this group has been reduced still further. The bourgeois elements of the county, which in 1913 ac- counted for fully 15.9 per cent of the people, has since, as is well known, been liquidated. Some of these gentlemen have simply been thrown out, and live abroad. How- ever, a certain part of the people formerly belsnging to the bourgeois group has begun to understand the meaning of past events, and find their place in the ranks of the toilers, helping to build the new life. To Avert War, Agitate for Peace--This Is Soviet Policy DUSTRY ADVANCES IN THE U.S.S.R. Magnitogorsk pee Mill, one of the giants of sedis Industry. |been going on for several months , uation, competition and coopera- | > Declares Molotov | Spreading fictions. I consider it nee-| den, essary to stress the real Soviet) | policy regarding China. The Soviet | Union considers incompatible with its policy the seizure of the territory | of other countries, and without question is a supporter of the inde- pendence, inviolability, and sover- eignty of China in all its regions, including, of course, Sinkiang. “There is no need to mention,” said Moletov further, “that the establishment of normal relations with Rumania, Czechoslovakia and Bulgaria also corresponds com- pietcly with our interests for peace, especially in Europe. I can, nevertheless, say that some coun- tries still remain which have not | established normal relations with the U. S. S. R. “There are actually such countries even in Europe, or, speaking more} accurately, in some corners of Eu-| rope. It is naturally incorrect to) “In connection with this, it is par-, until recently, it was considered that neglect entirely to mention these! | between these countries in connec- | tion simultaneously are going on the entrance of the U. S. S. R. Since League nations can now Play a certain tavorable role in the question of assuring_peace, the Soviet Union was bound to recog- nize the advisability of coilaborat- ing with the League, in this mat- ter, although we are not prone to overestimate the role of such or- | ganizations. There is no need to mention that the invitation of 30 countries to the U. S. S. R. to join the League of Nations certainly | Unset did not belittle the international authority of the Soviet Union. On the contrary, it shows the reverse. We reckon this fact among our assets. [Applause.] “Our relations with other coun- “The Soviet Government not only| tries depends not only on us, but showed the initiative, but supported | also on the foreign policy of these the measure of other governments/ countries. You all know how many directed toward preserving peace | contradictions exist in the policy and international safety. In this|f bourgeois states. connection, we should note our ac- | je 4 ey Beco iianiies | tion with the conclusion of this pact. | |I won't now deal with the excuses which Germany and Poland still ve for refusing to sign. The sig- |nificance of the Eastern pact for | all supporters of peace in Europe is plain. Therefore, despite all hin- jdrances, despite the objections of the aforesaid countries, the Soviet government considers that its at- Foreign Policy tive support of the proposal of| frequent changes in government | France on the so-called Eastern | take place under various influences, pact for mutual aid. This pact | where one bourgeois party replaces should include, besides the U. S. S.| another at the helm of government. R., countries like France, Germany,| Everyone knows, for example, the Czechoslovakia, Poland, Lithuania, | big chances and zigzags which took Esthonia, Latvia. Countries signing | place during the period under re- this treaty must afford each other | port in the policy of certain coun- every support, including military | tries, and which had an effect on iypport if one country signing the; our mutual foreign relations, ct is attacked, Negotiations have “In the complex international sit- ‘ 23 titude toward this matter cannot be | If our foreign | | between two opposite social systems, | We may say that such a situation is contradictory, but it corresponds with the actual state of affairs. At the same time that competition, or, between the U.S.S.R. and various capitalist countries, collaboration in new forms, both in the sphere of economic relations and in the mat- ter of preserving peace, is contin- | ually developing between them. “The U.S.S.R. is striving in | every possible manner to develop | commercial relations with other countries. In the period under report, the chief significance of the collaboration of the U.S.S.R. with other countries is in the preservation of peace. The rela- tions of the Soviet Union with capitalist countries during this period, finally, were determined by two basic factors: Struggle Intensified “Firstly, the sharpening internal situation of capitalist countries, the increasing struggle between them in connection with the duration of | the economic crisis, and secondly, the growth of the power of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. if you wish, struggle, is going on | ticularly important to note the fol- lowing facts. During the period under report, the struggle between victor countries and defeated coun- tries has intensified, and along with this, there took place, particularly in certain parts of Europe, an in- crease in the work behind scenes for the regrouping of forces in the } event of war, and an_ increased | search for allies in all parts of the world. Simultaneously, the devel- opment of the relations of the US.S.R. with capitalist countries | disclosed a considerable increase in | the role of the U.S.S.R. as an inter- national factor, especially as a fac- tor for peace and safety. “Passing to the concrete facts of the period under report, we should speak firstly of the restoration of diplomatic relations by the U.S.S.R. with many states. “Here we should mention countries like the U.S. A., China, Spain, Hun- gary, Rumania, Czechoslovakia, Bul- garia and Albania. Of great signi- ficance is the restoration of normal relations with America. For 15 years | denying the Soviet Union recogni- tion on principle. On this question | the U.S. A. acted under the flag of irreconciliable deefnse of the prin- ciple of the capitalist world against countrics, however small their spe-| 4 Another Victory | Few Bare Spots | the U. 8, A. adopted the position of | whatever happened to the others, rich America would be able to main- tain this position. But matters turned out, otherwise, than the former governments of America thought. “President Roosevelt sent his well-known message on establish- | ing normai relations with the U. S. S. R. Thvs America abandoned its Position of principles, which we must consider an extremely favor- able circumstance, especially from the point of view of the interests of general peace. We had no need to change cur position and make any sacrifices whatever when re- stering these relations and this must also be recognized as an ex- tzemely favorable fact.” (Ap- plause). In speaking of the restoration of normal relations with China, Mo- lotov, in conclusion, mentioned the said Molotov, “that special efforts were made to spread this slander upon the U. 8. S. R. in Japan, whose rumors about the sovietization of) Sinkiang. “It is extremely obvicus,” | cific gravity in international affairs. | Among these countries, Holland, Portugal and Switzerland voted | against the entrance of the U.S.S.R. into the League of Nations, pre- tending that they did this out of a desire to defend the capitalist order in principle against the Soviet dan- ger. “In gencral, on the map of Eu-) rope we can note only a fow bare) spots that denote countries ne! \having normal relations with th \U. S. S. R. Take the map of the | world, and then you will see that all | countries heving any influence in | international relations, have estab- jlished normal relations with the Soviet Union. Naturally, in this caso we need not speak of colonies and semi-colonies, because’ ry are not allowed to decide such questions independently, but their decisions in these matters are made in a differ- ent way, which you know. “Unfortunately we cannot ignore the factor involved in the refusal of Poland and Germany to par- Stites of Diplomatic Relations With Big Capitalist Powers Shows Increased Strength of Power of Workers’ Rule Norway, Denmark, Persia, Afghanistan, and Italy as well, which is plain preof of the pos- sibility of developing cooperation between countries with absolutely opposite social orders. For exam- ple, the best development of friendly relations is seen in our relations with Turkey. “Recent years not only saw & period of development in Soviet- Turkish economic and cultural connections, but also a clear polit- ical demonstration of Soviet- Turkish friendship. (Applause). | Relations With France “In our relations with France, we should note considerable improve- ment during the recent period. The entire international situation, and especially changes now taking place in Europe, have made the problem of ensuring peace and safety ex- tremely urgent. “As for Polend, we have shown with sufficient clarity the en- deavor to develop further Soviet- Polish relations. We cannot, how- ever, speak of onr satisfaction with the results already obtained in this respect. “But we can firmly say about our- selves that we intend to continue the line of develoning good neizh- borly Sovict-Pclish relations. We cannot close our eyes to the changes whieh ftok place in Soviet-German relations when National Socialism jcame to power. For ourselves we an say that we had not, and do not have any other desire than to |have good reletions with Germany in the future. However, serious dif- i ficult'es have arisen during the irecent period. Of course, the dif- \ ficulty in developing Soviet-German | relations is not the super-nationalist race theory avout the German people being ‘master’ of the entire world. Without having a very high opinion about these ‘theories’ Ulaughter in the hall] we do not paonaees our profound respect for the |German people as one of the great Degree of modern times. [Ap- pleuse.] ticipate in this matter. policy tewards China is known to the new Soviet world, Eyidently, all, and cannot be concealed by “Relations have deycloped quite normally with countries like Swe “Such are the chief results of our foreign a during the period une der report.’