The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 9, 1930, Page 4

i ~ columns of the Schuvashian youth a Page Four DAILY WORKER, NEW YORK, SATURDAY, AUGUSY 9, 1930 en 10th ANNIVERSARY | OF SOVIET SCHUVASH Inspiring Example of Self-Determination in n. During the cent of the peo- between “ vgorod , now there is zan,” the c al of the Ta 1 left and public, Th onomo! this will be liquidated within one d in the the r eannot be fou geographies a bloody cz; was no Schu-| schools existed, t » under the vashian Autonc Republic. On| rule of the workers and peasants, the contrary, the Schuvash people} hundreds of new schools are being were dying out “at a rate com-|opned and a Schuvashian culture is parable only to the Indians in Amer-! dey eloping, as well as newspapers ica.” By sword and fire czarism| and in the Schuvash expropriated the land of the Schu-} Jan, vashian people and turned it over| to the big landlords and capitalists. | | very few magazines ge. The Schuvash Autonomous Repub- ts task in the five-year plan hi nd is wo: The czarist regime set up all} kinds of restrictions in order to sup- press and exploit the “Schuva- shians.” Only little of the poorest} and unfertile soil was left to these peasantry. The result was untold} misery and hunger. The peasantry were even forbiden to hunt, fish and cut timber, although more than 50 per cent of this territory is covered} with timber. The native artisans were also forbidden to sell their products on the market to the peo- ple and were thus compelled to sell their products to the big landlords and userers at low prices. In fact, semi-feudalism existed in this territory at the command of the landlords. The czarist regime would drive thousands of the Schuvasians from town to town in order to sat- isfy the needs of labor supply of the landlords and capitalists. Establish Republic. On June 24, 1930, was the tenth anniversary of the Schuvash Auton- omous Republic, as an equal member of the Union of Socialist Soviet Re- publics. These ten years of ex- istence under the Distatorship of the Proletariat have shown that the oppressed nationalities can obtain self-determination and really de- velop. At this celebration of the Schu- vash Autonomous Republic were proletarian greetings in behalf of the working class in these respec- tive countries. Although the popu- lation of Scheboksar, the capital of Schuvash’s Autonomous Republic, is about 9,000, more than 15,000 par- ticipated in the demonstration, many workers and peasants coming in from the surrounding villages. The enthusiastic demonstration gave us a good picture of the de- velopment of the Schuvash Autono- mous Republic. With the develop- ment of a new life, long, marching are in the ranks of the Soviet Physculturist; thousands of peasants and workers as well are in the Red Army, Fight Illiteracy. The tenth anniversary of the Schuvash Autonomous Republic marks also a step in the struggle jof Red Octobrists, ing enthusiastically for | the fulfilment of the “five-year plan jin four The Schuvashians have already carried out their task on collec- tivization for this year. Because of the enormous oak forests the lum- ber industry is being developed. In Scheboskar, on the banks of the Volga River, wharves are being con- structed to facilitate the shipment of lumber. Also a factory was com- pleted in July, 1930, which will em- ploy 2,000 workers in building port- able houses. This factory is being equipped with the most modern and up-to-date machinery. A new aero- boat line, which cuts the traveling time between Scheboksor and Nizni Novgorod, has been established. It can be said that this is one of the first such lines in Europe. The capital investment in 1927-28 amounted to 3,364,000 roubles and in 1928-29 it increased to 7,764,000 roubles. In the current year, ac- cording to the plans, 16,485,000 roubles will be invested. This growth of capital investments also means the growth of production in 1926-27 amounted to 61,157,000 roubles, in 1927-28 reached 90,603,- 000 roubles and 1928-29 increased to 108,000,000 roubles, It is estimated that this year the amount will ex- ceed 128,000,000 roubles. The above figures show the de- velopment of the industry in the Schuvash Republic, which is com- posed of 95.4 peasants, engaged in agriculture. In the development of the Schu- vash Republic the Communist Party, as throughout the Soviet Union, is the leader in all of this activity. In this republic there are 3,597 mem- bers of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. There are many mass organizations, such as the Young! Communist League, 16,388 mem- bers; Pioneers, 42,085 members; 30,000 in the trade unions and 5,563 thousands of members in the M.O.P.R., Asso- viakhim, co-operatives, etc. On the tenth anniversary the | Schuvashian masses are marching | forward to socialism in the construc- against illiteracy and darkness in- tion of the new Soviety. BOSSES SHOW PREJUDICE IN CENTRAL erat throughout the world seeks to isolate the Negro masses by poisoning the minds of other workers against them. In the) United States this is accomplished by the imperialist ideology of Ne- gro inferiority and “Nordic” super- jority and “divine right” and with the help of a corrupt and fascist | labor bureaucracy and a treacherous socialist party. In Central America the methods are somewhat different but the objective is the same. In Honduras, the capitalists rep- resented by the giant United Fruit Company which controls vast areas and native governments in the Ca- ribbean area, are doing everything possible to create hostility between the native and West Indian Negro | workers. In the-face of wide spread unemployment and hunger wages s those empleyed, the Ur 1 Fruit Compa has continued to bring in workers West Inc u r employment at good wage does for the purp job competit and creating ho’ workers on the p toilers. from the} the masses have the full « tion of the native bourgeoisie. The workers of Honduras are organ into the Honduran Trade Union Federation (Federacion Syndical Hondurena) and are waging a de- termined struggle against bo't foreign capitalist onpressors and their native tools. The Federation has just issued an appeal to the Ne- gro workers brought in by the United Fruit Company from Ja- ‘ maica, ete., which we reprint here | in full because of its tremendous significance: Called to ¢ “Fellow workers: “The Federacion S rena is a federation of that is fightin working class t to or, plete liberation from capitalist wage slavery. “We come to you in a brotherly spirit, with the assurance that you will join vs in the common struele egainst the bosses and their bire- lings, the brutal foremen who drive you and speed you up for a miser- able starvation wage. We, the or- ganized native workers, hold no race jt AMERICA prejudice against you, as the North American capitalist class lynchers ani murderers of Negro workers have against you. We realize that men and women of the working class are equal everywhere — whatever their race or color—for they are equally oppressed and exploited by the bosses class. “In this country our common enemy and oppressor is the United Fruit Company, supported and en- couraged by governments of corrupt and villainous native politicians. We have seen the newspaper advertisements of the company in Salvador, inviting laborers to come to this coast. Now, what is the object of this ac- tion of the company? Simply this, comrades: the greater the number of workers looking for a chance te earn a piece of bread, the greater competition amongst them, and the cheaper they will sell their labor. The company will pay what they please and the wor! will not ob- t, for fear of losing the chance rn the hunger apitalists Sow They are responsible for poisoni: the minds of certain ignorant na- tive workers against you. The com- hostile to each other, so that each group, native and Negro, will com | pete with each other to serve the | Company better. Workers Fight Preindice. “We now pledge ourselves to fight against race prejudice and for soli darity and a brotherly spirit between native and Negro workers, We ex- | Pect your cooperation in our com- mon fight. “Let us organize under the lead- ership of the Federacion Sindical Hondurena, Join our labor unions. When you meet an organizer, you mect a brother and a friend: listen to him. “For greater ternity | Negro and native workers, | Let us present fighting front to the foreign and native bosses and slave drivers! “Let us present a fighting front to the foreign and native bosses and slave drivers! “Executive Committee “FEDERACTON SINDICAL HONDURENA. “San Pedro Sula, June, 1930.” between ye Lepage Oe Aa(YES Vex H As the White Bosses and Their “Slumming” Writers Make the Jazz Hound. Negro appear—a Care-Free leisure that the workers in the U. S. A. Furthermore, because of that and the regular rest periods, and the lower tempo or intensity of the work, the workers here are not any way near as exhausted after the day’s work as are the workers in the U. S. A. uf Vacation With Full Pay. Again, every worker here receives and he is obliged to take from two to four weeks vacation each year with full pay. The Caucasian Mountains and the Crimea are sum- mer resorts for the Russian work- ers. The beautiful summer homes and palaces that were once built for the exploiting landlords and capitalists are now occupied by the proletariat. Not only this, but once in three years—for some workers once in two years—-each and every worker is sent for his vacation to special “Workers’ Rest Homes.” In these rest homes the workers re- ceive everything free, in addition to their regular pay, and particu- lar attention is given to any ail- Moscow, June 10, 1930. | Dear Mark: I shall write a little about the workers’ economic condition, and, in a future letter, I hope to touch upon the social and cultural life of the Soviet Union. About all these things it is very difficult to give a fair idea. Life here is so radically different, so buoyant, that one must see it, be right in it, grow with it and, about all, must understand it, in order to know it. What makes it still more complicated is the co- existence of the old and the new, and the multitude of intermediate stages side by side with each other. Who has truly described the com- plexities of early American frontier life? Well, here it is infinitely more complex, since the changes that are taking place are more ba- sic, more revolutionary and on a much wider front. Therefore, the best that I hope to do is to touch upon a few—very few—phases of this volcanic life. .| Union works' more han 6% hours ,|a day, and already close to 40 per | pany wants to keep us divided and} More Normal Life. I visited quite a few factories and workers’ homes, and am con- vinced that not only are the work- ers better off than they were dur- ing tsardom, but that the workers here live a more normal life than the workers in America. This, I contend, is true, notwithstanding the fact that for the past few months the workers here have been strain- ing themselves to fulfill the colossal task of completing the Five Year Plan in four years, and notwith- standing the fact that because of this they have been obliged to deny themselves some of the essential and ordinary needs. The workers here have not the worries and do not face the dangers and uncertain- ties of tomorrow as do the workers in the United States of America. The workers here are not as ex- hausted; they enjoy more leisure, more social insurance (protection against unemployment, old age, sickness, etc.), more cultural activi- ties, more chances for individual de- velopment and initiative (my sub- sequent leters will deal concretely with all these things) than the workers in the United States. The workers here are more hopeful and As one worker tersely ed it, “The workers in capi- ic America have already seen , while we in the U. ready seen our worst Shorter Work Day. No office employe in the. Soviet cent of the industrial and factory workers enjoy the 7-hour day. By the end of the Five Year Plan no one will work more than 7 hours a day. Furthermore, the coal and metal miners work only 6 hours a day, as do all workers employed in | dangerous, harmful, tedious and | difficult work. Under this last | category are included all chemical and laboratory workers, bookbind- ers, some metallurgical workers, |etc. All new factories—and these | are very many and increasing rap- | idly—that start operations are im- mediately put on the 7-hours-a-day basis. Workers in tedious and dif- ficult trades receive regular rest periods. For instance, office work- ers, particularly typists, receive 10- | minute rest periods every two hours. More difficult work, like trench- digging, ete.,. receive rest periods even more often. On one job that I watched and followed up for a few days (laying new tracks for ‘a street car line) the rest period | was ten minutes every hour. They lealled it “smoking period” So! that in view of this shorter work- ing day and the decentralized fac- tory locations (of which I wrote in a previous letter), the workers here enjoy from one and one-half to two ment. Unemployment Insurance. Every worker receives full pay for any period of sickness. He and his family also receive free med- ical attention and treatment and all necessary medicinals, Only in very rare cases, when a particular and extraordinary specialist is required, does a worker have to pay for med- ical treatment, and even then it is @ very nominal amount. All collective agreements (these collective agreements are the most interesting documents I have ever read; I shall write about this anon) require that workers be paid for ae ere SS A Ly y LUMBER BARON IN ANTESOVIET DRIVE Attempt to Cover Up Crisis in Industry, Peon- age, Wage Cuts By Lies Against Soviet Russia HE crisis in the American|age of $1 a day in the Great South. lumber industry and growing|ern Lumber Co. camps and work unemployment are the realjonly part time. In many of the smaller lumber camps workers earn even less. Because of the present crisis in lumber workers are fortu- nate to get five months’ work a year, and unemployment is increasing. “The non-timber owning indus: causes back of the agitation ag * Soviet lum! importations, it wv asserted today by Charlotte Todes who just returned from a thorcugh survey of labor and lumber condi- | tions in the south and the northwest. | i u Her statement was issued through | tries from toothpicks to coffins the Labor Research Association, for | want Russian lumber because it is whom she made the investigation.|cheaper—not due to low wages ox She is the author of the forthcoming | “convict” labor but because lumber book Labor and Lumber, to he| is nationalized in contrast to Amer issued shortly by International Pub-| ican timber which is owned by lishers, ‘in which details of labor| relatively few large scale operators As the White Workers Actually See the Ne- gro—An Oppressed, Exploited Worker, Against Whom the Bosses Lynch Terror Is Often Un- leashed. various factors, such as, whether married, how large a family, rate of wages when employed, etc. A poorer paid worker gets a higher percentage than a better paid one; one with three children receives more than one without children, etc. The factor that is considered is to give to the worker and his family enough to live on. The amount varies from 50 per cent to 100 per cent of his regular pay. Every worker here is insured against old age. Every worker is given regular physical examinations. When a worker reaches a stage where, in the opinion of a regularly employed Board of Physicians, it becomes harmful for him to con- tinue to work, he is retired. The Russian workers, particularly the new and young ones who have not worked prior to the Revolution, can- not understand how the American workers tolerate the absence of these minimum social insurances and pro- tections. Refutes Capitalist Lies. Now let me say a few words about wages. I remember reading a letter in the New York Times not long before I left the States, writ- ten by one in protest against Amer- ica importing Russian coal, because, he said, the coal is produced .under slavery wages. No one but an out- right liar would make such an as- sertion. I shall quote various wage scales workers receive here, but be- fore doing that let me point out how nonsensical and ridiculously wrong it is to compare wages in roubles of a Russian worker with wages in dollars of an American worker. Here wages in roubles does any and all time that they may be unoccupied or unemployed, not of their own accord. Up to a certain period this unemployment wage is paid in full by the industry, after that it is paid by the Strachkasse in- surance organization. Unemploy- ment insurance applies to every worker. The amount that the Strachkasse pays to one who is reg- istered as unemployed depends on not determine the workers’ standard of living. What is important and essential, what really counts, is what can one get for his rouble and what the other can get for his dol- lar. But here in Russia this ques- tion cannot be put even in this form, for one rouble obtains more goods, more values, to a poorer paid worker than to a better paid work- er. For instance: a worker that California Conditions Vile By ESTHER LOWELL, SAN QUENTIN, Cal., Aug. 7.— Fruit and vegetable harvesting con- diitons in California are vile. This I learned from personal observation as well as from the experiences of Osear Erickson, imprisoned farm unionist who has worked all over his native state’s agricultural areas. Erickson and four others who were unionizing Imperial Valley field and packing house workess last spring were quickly railroaded to prison for 3 to 42 year terms. Another drew only 2 to 28 years! Erickson is secretary of the Agri- cultural Workers Industrial League of the Trade Union Unity League and is serving in San Quentin. “White, Mexican, Filipino and Negro workers staged spontaneous strikes in January and February,” says the young prisoner. “Depres- sion and unemployment made the lettuce market slow; so packers or- dered wage cuts. First Mexicans were fired and told that Filipino field workers were taking 30 cents instead of 35 cents an hour. When the Mexicans submitted, the same trick was pulled on the Filipinos. In packing houses workers get 9 cents a crate but inspectors tight- ened up and rejected so many crates that it amounted to a wage cut. A good packer does 400-500 crates a day, working up to 18 hours. White and Mexican workers bring their families in ancient autos and camp in the fields. Filipinos are mostly single young men who bunk together in tourist cabins or cheap lodgings. “Fruit tramps” these mi- gratory agricultural workers are sometimes called, as they drift from ture. Only the rudest sort of hous- ing is given tenants and none usu- ally for casual workers. No sani- tary provisions are made in most places. Soil is polluted and water made dangerous. Drink from Ditches. “Everyone drinks fromn irrigation ditches in Imperial Valley,” says Erickson, “but the towns get it fil- tered. Workers dip up the water warm and filmed. Women and chil- dren from toddlers up work in the fields, with summer temperatures up to 130 degrees, Mosquitos are fierce.” Workers: responded to the A.W.I. U. meetings enthusiastically and planned a walkout of 8,000 for June, cantaloupe season’s opening, News- papers shouted the reds had come and would burn and bomb bridges, packing houses, even the jail. South- ern Pacific Railroad sent in fifty special deputies, The League head- quarters at Brawley was raided and 100 arrested. Of eleven held, two were released on trial morning, three deported, and six convicted of violating the criminal syndical- ism law-on three counts: 1) belong- ing to a party (Communist) seek- ing to overthrow the government by force; 2) teaching, aiding and abet- ting this purpose; 3) conspiracy. Others sent to San Quentin with Erickson are Danny Roxas, Lawr- ence Emery, and Frank Spector. Carl Sklar and Tetsuiji Hariuchi were sent to Folsom, though on a first conviction. The International Labor Defense seeks to appeal the cases, which are the first criminal syndicalism convictions since I, W. W. were sent up eight years ago. and one-half hours more absolutesection to section as the crops ma-'None of these remain in prison now. A LETTER FROM THE USSR earns only 120 roubles a month pays a rental for a certain size room, of 10 roubles a month, while a worker receiving 150 roubles pays 25 roubles for the same identical room, and a worker receiving 200 roubles has to pay still more, ete. On the other hand, students and domestic ser- vants only pay one dollar a month for rent. Another example: all children receive one warm meal served in the schools. The poorer paid workers’ children receive it free, while the better paid workers children have to pay for it. True it is only a nominal fee, but he has to pay, nevertheless, One more exam- ple and that will suffice for illus-| tration purposes: every factory has a buffet or dining room that pro- vides luncheons for the workers. Factories with unskilled or semi- skilled workers provide such lunch- eons at lower rates than factories where more skilled workers are em- ployed. In addition to all that, each trade union gives special attention and help to its poorer paid workers. For example, one woman street cleaner, to whom I spoke, receives 85 roubles a month, She has two children and an old mother to sup- port. Well, her trade union gives her 25 roubles, sometimes more, every month. Now for a few figures which show what lies are being spread in the U. S. about this country. I have before me two collective contracts, one for the trust that I am em- ployed by and the other for the textile trust. Each one lists the scales of wages according to cate- gories. In one instance there are 16 categories. Each category has the absolute minimum of wages fixed. The first is for learners. Their min- imum wage is 65 per month, Then comes the category of the lowest skill and the lowest pay. In both these contracts it is 80 roubles a month for the norm assigned. This needs explanation. Brigades. In the Soviet Union the workers are grouped in brigades and each brigade is assigned a norm—that is the minimum work expected from them. Now, suppose a brigade fails to fulfil this minimum quota, then they get paid only the minimum as- signed to that category, in one in- stance, 80 roubles. If, however, they exceed this quota, then they receive additional compensation above the minimum. Very seldom does a brigade fail to exceed the quota, for it is set at a low figure, and. the workers themselves agree to this minimum quota. (Of this +I} shall write subsequently, when ‘I describe the collective agreement.) From my talks with workers, and from genreal observation, I can safely assert that this lowest cat- egory of workers earn a minimum of 100 roubles per month, and aver- age 100-125 roubles per month. The next higher category earns 1.25 times that much, and the next one 1.40, ete, up to 250 roubles. This does not include engineers, A be- ginner just out of college receives 250 roubles per month. Office girls, beginners, receive 80 roubles a month. Summing up this question of figures, it may be divided into the following: unskilled workers, 100-125; semi-skilled, 135-160; and skilled 175-250 roubles per month. Bookkeepers receive 200-250; engi- neers 225-500—the majority 350 roubles. But let me repeat again that in the U.S.S.R. wages expressed in so many or so many roubles does not tell the real tale of the workers relative standard of living. All fac- tors and benefits must be taken into consideration to obtain a cor- rect view of the matter. I had intended to write more about how workers control their working conditions, but I’ll do that in my next letter which I expect to send within a few days. Give my regards to all our friends. Sincerely yours, N. STEVENS. ry conditions amounting to a virtual;and sold for high speculative prices. state of peonage are exposed and facts presented on the wage cutting activities of the lumber barons. Miss Todes said: “A fr ‘ion: 1 per cent of the 40 billion board feet of lumber con- sumed in this country comes from the Soviet Union. Soviet lumber consists of spruce and white pine of a superior quality. Only one half billion board feet of spruce from Canada which in itself is evidence that the Soviet imports do not com- pete directly with American prod- ucts. With the depletion of the southern timber the Atlantic Sea- board cities must get their timber from the far west or from foreign sources, : “In view of these facts the ques- tion arises as to the causes back of this widespread opposition against importing Soviet lumber. The large scale operators who recently raised a cry for the tariff are pushing this agitation because of the unusually chaotic state of the lumber industry and the pressure of shrinking markets. The Long Bell Lumber Co., the Great Southern, the Weyer- hauser, the Walker—all of these lumber companies operating on a vast scale, have cut wages repeat- edly and introduced, speed-up systems most injurious for the workers, “Negro workers in the lumber | “All this talk about cheap labor, ‘dumping’ and ‘convict’ labor is obviously a smoke screen for more wage cuts and to distract the at- tention of the workers from the | unemployment crisis. The fascist | insurance company head, Matthew Woll, is making no efforts to or- ganize the American lumber work- ers who have no socia! insurance to protect them. The Soviet workers, on the other hand, are protected against sickness, accidents, old age and unemployment {| “The conditions in any convict camp in Russia could not possibly be worse than those under which lumber workers live in the Amer- ican camps. Feudal conditions pre- vail in the company owned towns. Espionage is rife. Terror keeps thousands of workers subjected to the company’s will. Ragged, tat- tered and homeless workers line the skidroads hunting for jobs or live in the open because they cannot pay for a night’s bed. Efforts to or- ganize these workers in any kind of union is met with company police, arrests, and murder, The American workers have not for- gotten the Buguloosa Massacre, when gunmen of the Southern Lum- ber Co. shot down organizers of the A. F, of L. “The embargo on Soviet lumber is a definite step toward open war- fare of American imperialism industry in the south get an aver- The participation of thousands of Negro workers and agricultural la- borers in the August First demon- strations against imperialist war preparations is of the greatest sig- nificance in its confirmation of the correctness of our estimate of the temper of the Negro masses and of our present approach to Negro work. It is significant, too, in its revelation of the growing impotency of the Negro petty bourgeoisie for betrayal of the Negro masses. Bourgeois Democracy a Sham. Twelve years after the “war to make the world safe for democracy,” the Negro masses of the United States find bourgeois democracy as | fore 1914, Betrayed by the Negro petty bourgeoisie (preachers, business men and intellectuals) into support of the imperialist war, deluded by fake promises of equal rights and self- determination as a reward for sup- port of their imperialist oppressors in the war against German imper- ialism, the Negro masses were not long left in doubt as to the cynical dishonesty of these promises. Negro Soldiers Jim-Crowed. when capitalist America was putting forth its greatest effort against its imperialist competitor, and when Wilson was prattling the hypocrit- rights of the weaker peoples,” of “making the world safe for democ- racy,” ete., the Negro separated into Jim-Crow regiments, commanded by white officers select- | ed for the most part from the South | gro,” and used as labor & jfor the unloading of mi That they w ior | French ports. t* military exigency, operating to | thwart the United States imperial- ists in their plans to further de- grade and humiliate the Negroes by slandering them as cowards, in- capable of standing the gaff of the big guns, or of meeting the white man in armed conflict, afraid of cold steel, ete. Realizing that the Negro masses would assuredly some day revolt against the special op- pression and degradation for which American. imperialism has singled tnem out, the imperialists were op- posed to giving Negroes proper mili- tary training, especially as officers When the Negro troops were sent tu the front it was without adequate training or preparation but in a spirit of premeditated murder, Cowed, oppressed at home, denied adequate training in preparation fo» the ordeal of modern scientific warfare, the imperialists did not ex- pect the Negro troops to survive. And, as a result of their lack of preparation the casualty list was abnormally high at first, Enemy in Front and Rear. In addition, they were soon to discover that they had to fight two sets of enemies: the forces of the German imperialists (workers, like themselves, deluded into the imper- ialist slaughter) in front of them, and, in their rear the more danger- much of a sham and mockery as be- | Even at the height of the war,| ical phrases of “fighting for the |® against the Soviet Union. THE NEGRO MASSES AND THE IMPERIALIST WAR By CYRIL BRIGGS. ous Negro-hating United States im- perialists. Negro soldiers returned from the war declared that of the two enemies the treacherous enemy in the rear was often the more dan- gerous. Officers and men of one of the detachments quartered at Camp Dix upon their return voluntarily made affidavits for the Crusader Magazine as to the hell they went through in combatting the discrim- ination and vicious propaganda of the white officers. They told of rank discrimination against Negro wounded on the field of battle, of how American doctors and stretcher bearers would deliberately walk past Negro wounded to give aid to white soldiers, including even German wounded, who were then considered “enemies”--of the financial and | commercial interests of American | imperialism. In addition to the | thousands slaughtered by throwing |them untrained into battle, other | hundreds died from neglect arising | out of discrimination against their black skins. The white officers also spread stories among the French civil population to discredit the Ne- groes, one to the effect that Negroes were beasts and rapists, that they were a species of monkies and had a | two-inch tail projecting from their | spinal vertebra and concealed by | their clothing, Lynching Continued. Nor was there any mod jin the oppressi oldiers were | , the heels | fi | pressors, |londly denouncing the atroci | the German command. Lesson Learned. The Negro workers have learned | their lesson. On August First, to- gether with the white workers, they | gave notice to capitalism that ir: the ; coming imperialist war and in any attack against the workers’ state, | the Soviet Union, they will fight for their own interests and against the imperialist oppressors. Together with the revolutionary white work- ers in the “home” countries and with the revolting colonial masses, the Negroes of this country will carry on the struggle for the overthrow of the imperialist system, for the | defense of the Soviet Union, for the right of self-determination for the African, West Indian and Southern Negro masses, and for the establish- ment of a Soviet United States as their only certain guarantee for full political, economic and social equal- ity and for the abolition of lynching and racial and economic oppression. Demand the release of Fos- ter, Minor, Amter and Ray- mond, in prison for fighting for unemployment insurance.