The Daily Worker Newspaper, October 24, 1925, Page 6

€ e t é ' ‘ ‘ i j | Page Six THE DAILY WORKER THE DAILY WORKER > Published by the DAILY WORKER PUBLISHING CO 2113 W. Washington Bivd., Chicago, Mm. Phone Monroe 4712 SUBSCRIPTION RATES By mail (in Chicago only): 1 By mail (outeide of Chicago): $8.00 per year $4.50 six months |. $6.00 per vear $3.50 six months $2.50 three months $2.00 three months Address all mail and make out checks to THE DAILY WORKER, 1118 W. Washington Sivd., Chicago, I!linole J, LOUIS ENGDAHL { WILLIAM F, DUNNE MORITZ J. LOEB. Seah aititener epee sniciepsitegetomnprer'osianennaneenasemroenrsat——emeeeamnieeaninetenin eS Entered as second-class mail September 21, 1923, at the post-office at Chi- cago, lil., under the act of March.3, 1879. Bdttors <a> 100 Advertising rates on application. ee) Now Comes the Italian Mission Count Volpi, the Italian finance minister, and his entourage are on the high seas bound for America with the hope of settling their national debt to the United States. The use of the:term “settlement of the debt” in this case, as in the case of the other nations sending missions to these shores, is ambiguous. What they really seek is some means of assuring the United States that they can adjust their in- ternal economic condition so that loans may be granted them. Ttaly, like France and the other debtor nations, needs’ loans: it dare not embark upon the perilous road of over-inflation of cur- rency. In that direction lies disaster. Only thru securing loans can she hope to maintain a stable currency. The United States is the sole source of loans inthe world today. And while controlling the major portion of the world’s gold suppl) this country cannot transcend economic law. This enormous supply of gold cannot remain fallow. It must be used or the economy of the} nation will stifle under its weight. | It was not because of any disinterested concern for the welfare of Europe that the government at Washington last May sent a note} to all nations whose debts are not settled, demanding that they send | delegations here for the purpose of making satisfactory arrangements to handle the debt. This note, containing belligrent implications, had | the effect of shaking the already tottering currency of both Italy and/ France. It was precisely the result desired by Wall Street. . France came, the debt question was discussed. The French} finance minister, Caillaux, with all his much vaunted Wizardry had) to face the alternative of accepting humilating terms that would} place his government under the complete financial hegemony of the| United States, and face personal political eclipse at home, or pro- erastinate with the hope of getting better terms. His failure caused the decline in the franc on the exchanges of the world. Now, in spite | of his efforts, he faces a critical political situation. He is confronted with the imperative necessity of raising. internal revenue sufficient to uphold the franc until he can again come to the United States with new proposals. His efforts in this direction may drive him from office. The right parties in France assail him for his proposal to raise taxes, while the left radical socialists denounce him for refusing to advocate a capital levy. When the next French mission arrives, Cail- laux will probably have been retired to private life. Meanwhile the currency crises will become acute and an American fact finding com- mission will leave for France to take an invoice of the country pre- paratory to a Dawes plan for that nation. Italy is in the same fix. Count Volpi will discover that Mus- solini’s plan to evade falling under the domination of America imperialism by insisting that Italy pay no more annually to the United States than she receives in reparation from Germany will not work. If American imperialism could be satisfied with such an arrangement it would be much simpler for all the allied nations to turn over their reparations claims to the United States and make her a collection agency for the world. It is not merely collecting debts that concerns the United States, but means of disposing of the enormous gold influx. Just as the debtor nations must have money, so this country must dispose of money—not charitably, but profitably. She will be able to do that} after she has bankrupted the debtor nations, just as one powerful group of private capitalists bankrupt others preparatory to gobbling them up. As we have said before, the native bourgeoisie of the debtor countries will resist this development for a time. Then, after the heads of a few political puppets have fallen, the native capitalists submit, and become faithful vassals of American imperialism, ex- ploiting the working class for the glory of Morgan, and in return re- ceiving a portion of the loot for acting as slave drivers and policemen. It will be the working class that will bear the burden. The one alternative to a Dawes plan for France and Italy is the revolution. By rising and overthrowing their own capitalist class they will at the same time strike a blow at the imperialists of the United States. American Destroyers in Egyptian Waters Americans who believe in the legend that the government is a peace-loving, high-minded institution, the carrier of democracy and light to the world, have of late received some rude jolts. Following the naval invasion of China, the shooting of workers in the trade halls of Panama City, we now have the spectacle of American destroyers “of the Asiatic squadron” traversing the Mediterranean Sea from Gibraltar to Damascus to aid the French in, their colonial war against the Arabs in Syria. This aid to the monsters of French imperialism who, withinythe week, have executed 700 Arabs, is concealed under the contemptible excuse that Americans and their property must be protected. Pro- tected from what? The Arabs? Heaps of corpses, victims of French gallows and firing squads, brand the excuse of the American state department an infamous lie. American destroyers are aiding the imperialist nations of Europe because this government is financially interested in those nations. Their power rests, in an enormous degree, upon their colonies. The destroyers are in the port of Alexandria to aid the French suppress their colonials, because a successful revolt in the colonies will cripple France and endanger the investments of the House of Morgan. The American workers should as one man demang that the “United States government keep its hands off-Syria and every other nation where suppressed people are striving to overthrow a hideous and debasing thralldom, The fiery cross of that moron aggregation, the ku klux klan is to flame forth from the highest tower in Chicago. That particular branch of protestantism founded by the maniac, John Wesley, known as the methodist episcopal church, has erected an office build- ing’ 565 feet high on which it will place an illuminated cross which can be seen a distance of 15 miles. The reports do not state whether lighting rods are to be placed upon it to guard against an accidental thunderbolt that Jehovah might swing in that direction. A number of socialists have received endorsements by the capi- talist non-partisan political organization ‘in New York known as the Citizen’s Union. Is that not equivalent, to being endorsed by cap- While it is' welFknown that the United States-has been undergoing a profound transformation for the past several generations, from an agricul- tural country to the position of fore- most industrial and financial power in the world, yet the tremendously high speed with which this transformation has been proceeding is hardly realiz- ed. Study of statistics up to 1920, with allowance made for the geomet- rical increase in the years since that time, will bring a realization that the period 1920-1930 in the U. S. will mark a profound revolution, the world-re- sults of which are hard to imagine. Growth of Industrial Proletariat. Following is-a table of the number of wage-workers engaged in manufac- turing and mechanical industries from 1849 to 1919: Number of Wage Year Workers 1849 .. 957,059 1859. .. - 1,311,246 | Including hand 1869 . . 2,053,996 | and neighbor- 1879 . . 2,732,595 [| hood indus. 1889 .. . 4,251,535 | tries. 1899 . . 5,806,143 1904 . . 5,468,383 ) 1909 .. - 6,615,046 | 1319 oz gooeata | PActores only. 1921 . - 6,946,570 | 1923 -..... we 8,763,233 | In the course of 70 years, the num- ber of wage workers in industry was, multiplied almost ten times. In the} last five year period alone, the number increased by more than the total of the post-civil-war years. The increases in total population for the same per- iod was from 23,191,876 to 105,710,620, a multiplication of less | times. Growth of Capital. Capital of manufactyring establish- ments grew, during this period, at an astounding rate. A comparison of the census of capital for each census pe- riod is very instructive: Capital (In millions of dollars) Year 1849 . 1859 .. than five | emphasize this tertile growth. The capital of industry"in the middle of the 19th century is tivitiplied by more than 80 times in the course of 70 years, Production of Surplus Value. Surplus values produced in the same period show the same phenome- nal increases and reveal the dynamic center of the whole process which has produced the giant system of Ameri- can industry, Values Added by Surplus Year Wages Manufacture Value (In thousands, of dollars—000. omitted) 236,755 It would take almost 70 years like that of 1849 to produce as much sur" plus value as that ofthe single year of 1919 or of 1923.. Of course some allowance must b ,made for the higher prices of the later years, but this is a very small. factor indeed compared with the rate of increase of surplus values. | Production and Rate of Exploitation. Extremely interesting also is the course of ‘wages and ‘production per worker, and the rate‘ of exploitation whieh is ‘shown in ‘the ratio between these items. It is as ‘follows: Average Average Annual Annual Wage Product Year per\Worker per Worker The: Industrialization of America. - the process of exploitation. Growth in Size of Factories. Comprehensive statistics on size groups of manufacturing establish- ments is very meagre. , What, there is available is only for the years 1909, 1914, and 1919. This is sufficient, however, to show the trend of de- velopment. Classification by number of wage- workers per establishment is avail- able only for the year 1919, This shows’ the following: ? Establishments Employing— 21 to 50 worke: 51 to 100 workers.. 101 to 250 workers.. 251 to 500 workers.. 501 to 1000 worke: Over 1000 workers. More than one-fourth of ail workers are employed in factories of more than 1000 workers. Over 70% of all workers are in factories which employ more than 100 workers. Some 16,000 establishments concentrate within themselves the overwhelming bulk of manufacture, Still more illuminating are the comparative figures of three periods, of establishments grouped according to value of product per year: Producing less than $100,000 per year employed, in 1909, 258 out of every 1000; in 1914 only 221; in 1919 only ‘119, A study of this table reveals many more such interesting and instructive side- lights on the growth of | large-scale production, Within the same 10 year period we find that the group of large plants (million dollars and over per year) increased its proportion of all values produced from 43.8% to 67.8%; of the total values added in manufacture, it . r} - ry 2 3 3 2 won wseisPercent of Workers _ Percent ‘of. to micmio~s xy Total increasca its proportion from 35.7% to 62.3%. All of this great swing of the con- trol of production, to. the great mono- poly and semi-monopoly organizations, the trusts, syndicates, combines etc., was not brought about by the world war. The same process was clearly and rapidly going on in the entire 60 years since the Civil War. But the By Earl R. Browder Board. Some of the facts brought out by this study are: Rate‘of Number Increase per Million’ or Population ™ Decrease Workers in 1920 1870 manufa ; turing 121,265 65,148 -|-85 Pet, Farmers and * planters . 87,550 77,320, .—25 Farm laborers* 37,544 74,848 —50 “ Railroad workers 12,818 3,995 -|-220 Sailors and deckhands wu. 519 1,470 05 Domestic SEPVANES ris I6,285 25,387 —86 Barbers and manicurists ... 2,045 621 -|-229 Office employes. 26,691 1,926 -|-1286 ” * This figure exaggerates the actuar decline of farm laborers because ‘thé 1920 census was taken in mid-winter, whereas previous enumerations were in the summer. It is particularly in the spectacular increase of 1,286% in the clerical oc- cupations: that there is. reflected the rise of great industry. A basic tech- nical requirement for large-scale pro- | duction is the.establishment of com- plete and scientific methods of ac counting and statistics. This feature is fundamental to,,ALL control of Total .. 2 The full significance figures may not be apparent at first 00 + 1253.00 It is unfortunate that the crucial years of the world war are not in- cluded in the census, The biennial census of manufactures was estab- lished only after the war. There can hardly fail to be a profound connec- tion between the Spanish-American 1869 1879 .. 1889 1899 1904 . 1909 1914 .. 1919 .. 44,466 Comment seems hardly necessary to war of 1898, and the:jamp of the rate of surplus value fromsan even 100% in 1889 to 144% im 1899. This con- nection is in the nature of both cause and affect. The pressare of accumu- lating surplus valueswas the force that carried the U.S, into its first venture in world-imperialism, and the résulting war,stimulated industry and glance. A little analysis will make it clearer, The largest plants, in 1909, employed 305 out of every 1000 work- ers; in 1914, this had risen to 352 “out of every 1000; in 1919, it Wad in- creased to 569 out of every 1000. On the other hand the smaller establish- ments all sharply decreased in relay tive importance; all plants producing of the above 10,000 French Casualties in the Riff * Number of Establishments Number of Wage Earners 1919 1914 1909 1919 191 1909 5 3 2 142,430 470,006 10 1,090,449 ay 3,002,071 2,896,532 3,060 5, 2,476,206 2,015,629 05, 275,791 268,491 9,096,372 7,036,247 6,615,046 World War did tremendously accele- rate the process, and caused a leap forward in a few years that would otherwise have required two decades or more. Changing Composition of Population. A comparison of the ratio of various oceupations to the total population, in 1870 and 1920, has been made by the National Industrial Conference PARIS, Oct. 22—The French war losses in Morocco up to Oct. 15 were 2,176 French soldeirs killed; including officers and men, and 8,297 wounded, Premier Painleve announced this evening. These figures in- ¢lude both native and French expeditionary troops. Premier Painleve stated that the Moroccan war has now cost 950,- 000,000 paper francs. By CHAS. KRUMBEIN, Workers (Communist) Party Candi- date for President of Board of Alderman. RRKERS of New York City you are again confronted with a municipal election. Those asking for your support represent either the bosses or the workers, The parties of big business, democratic or repub- lican, representing the class interests of the bosses present you with a lot of phoney issues for the purpose of beclouding the real issues. The so- cialist party, claiming to represent you, refuses to fight for your most elementary needs. They would not even agree to a united labor ticket in this election which would unite labors’ forces to offset the united power of the capitalists. The most outstanding need in the struggles of the workers at the present time is unity of action. The best argument for the need of unity on the part of the workers is to point out how the bosses maintain power through their consolidations and how on the other hand the defeats of labor are due to its lack of unity. Big business is united in its mani- facturers’, employers’, etc. organiza- tions. Whenever they have a struggle on their hands with the workers they show this unity because the recognize their class interests. Let us use an illustration: the big railroad strike of 1922. Two large trunk lines, the New York Central and the Pennsyl- vania running from New York City to Chicago ‘had a large number of their workers on strike. Both are continuously competing for business, One would think that one of them would come to an agreement with the striking workers, and the through re- suming maximum operations take most of the business.away from its competitor. But this was not done because they know that their inter- ests differ from those of the workers and that they must act unitedly to defeat the workers, which they did. The unity of the railroad owners with the assistance of the government was responsible for the defeat of the work- ers, The government, be it national, state or city, being part of the cap- italist system, comes to the aid of the bosses as was so clearly shown during the above mentioned railroad strike, Injunctions were issued and the armed forces of the government were used against the strikers, On the other hand the workers were split. Only part of the railroad work- ers, that is certain crafts, went out on strike while the rest remained at work. ww HE above lesson should be enough to teaeh the! workers that they must amalgamate their craft unions into powerful industrial unions and build a 1 party so that they can fight ively on all fronts, ~ Workers! Your Interests Demand Unity! A labor party for New York City would have been oc siderably furth- through a and labor ticket for oe election. The socialist party and ‘ts henchmen in the unions are re- sponsible for the disunity of the workers in this campaign. They refus- ed to consider the Proposal of the Workers (Communist) Party for a united labor ticket for this election. If the organized .workers and their sympathizers of NewYork City had a labor party to wage their fight on the political field they.»would be able to make themselves ‘felt: Even if at present they were ‘not successful in carrying the elections<hy a large vote for their clags demands it would be considered as a protest*that would get them more material gains than the class collaboration policy of the labor takers of “rewarding your friends and punishing your enemies” would ever get them. Furthermore, labor, united politically could carry on a fight at all times for their ‘interests, As for in- stance, #f an injunction is issued, or’ the police are being used against strikers a real fight could be made be it electton time or not. Nothing is gained without a strug- gle. This was recently shown in New York City where tens of thou- sands of the members 'of the Interna- tional Ladies' Garment Workers’ Union carried on%*a splendid fight which finally culminated in a victory for. them and for trade union unity. Supporting the Workers (Commun- ist) Party ticket in the coming elec- Agricultural News from Soviet Russia tions means to take the first step in uniting the workers thru amalgama- tion on the economie field and a labor rarty on the political field. The Com- munists and their sympathizers are the only ones, as has been shown in the past, that will make a militant fight for these elementary needs, of | the workers. * these arguments apply locally so do they apply nationally and internatfonally. Everything possible should be done by the American work ers to bring to this country the spiri and the determination for world tradé uniow unity which has received sucha good start by the 11,000,000 workers-of England and Russia thru their world trade union unity conference. The workers in uniting and fight- ing for their most pressing needs will learn to fight for their complete eman- cipation from capitalism which is the cause of all their troubles. This must and will be done when the workers, united for action, will replace the capi- talist system with a workers’ and farmers’ government. Support the Workers (Communist) Party as the leader in your struggles for your immediate demands and as the leader fer the finai struggle for the solution of all your troubles thru supplanting the capitalist regime with a, workers’ and poor farmers’ govern- ment, Remember it is better to vote for what you want and not get it, rather than to vote for what you do not want and get it. * Agricultural Machines and implements for 1925-26, MOSCOW, O¢t,.22.—According to the U. S. S. R. will require in 1925-26 agricultural machines and implements valued at 120,000,000 rubles, the department of internal commerce * * The English-Rygsian concern “Arcos” is commencing to erect dairy fac- tories in Siberia.’ By the spring of 1926, 22 factories will have been built All of them will uipped with up-to-date machinery. New Agricultural Experiment Fields and Stations. The following number of stations will be established in the coming agri- cultural year of 1925-26: Four hundred and fifty experimeftal and 1,200 exhibition stations for flax and hemp; 260 fields and 676 stations for potatoes; 80 fields and 205 stations for sugar beets; 150 fields and 390 stations for oil-making plants; 185 fields and 390 fe rae | 25,000,000 Rubles for Agricultural Machinery for ti Region of the R. S. F. S. R. cit stations for medical herbs; ang six plantations for tobacco. Central ‘the All-Russfiin executive committee of the people’s commissariat of the R. 8S. F, S, has allotted 26,000,000 rubles to infpfove agricultural methods applied in the central region of the R. S, F. 8. R:' This money wilt be spent exclu region of hus for agricultural machinery and :) in this y) PHILADELPHIA WORKERS WILL PROTEST AGAINST RAKOS! MURDER SUNDAY ». PHILADELPHIA, Pay Oct. 22.— Philadelphia Workers (Commun: ist) Party will hold a protest mass meeting and demonstration on Sun- day, Oct. 25, at 8 p. m. at the Mer cantile Hall, 849 N. Franklin St., to demand the immediate reepal of the death sentence against our Comrade Mathias Rakosi by the murderous Horthy Hungarian gov- <ermment. The speakers to address “the meeting will/be Norman Tal- lentire, Alex Bail, Rudolph Baker and Eber. . Szechenyi White Guard Minister in U. S., Fears Publicity WASHINGTON, D. C., Oct. 22.— Count Laszlo Szechenyi, minister from Hungary, has received from the International Labor Defense in Chi- cago, a protest against the persecu- tion of left wing socialists and the arrest and threatened execution of Rakosi, a former commissar under the Bela Kun government of 1919. Clarence Darrow, Upton Sinclair, and leaders‘ in the American Civil Liberties Union and other liberals thruout the United States are bomb- arding Szchenyi with telegrams to the same effect. They ask that the min- ister to Washington notify the dicta- tor Horthy in Budapest that American liberals Gemand that the terror against Hungarian liberals shall cease, in the name of humanity, Szechenyi is a white guard, and fully sympathetic with Horthy’s me- thods. That is why he was sent to Washington, What he fears is not the telegrams that may be sent him, but whajmay be published here. He} also fears the International Labor De- fense will start picketing his office, as was the case with the Polish le- gation when Lanzutsky was threaten- ed with death last spring. To Popula Classics. MOSCOW, Oct. 22,—A special con- ference was held at the State Publish- ing House under the chairmanship of Mr, Lunatcharsky, the people’s com- missary of education, to work out plans for the publication of popular editions of classics of Russian and foreign literature, There are to be published about 100 volumes in 1295-26. The Russian classics will include Andreyev, Vere- sayev, Gorky, Gogol, Morelenko, Les- koy, Mamin-Sibiryak, Nekrasov, Re- shatnikov, Saltykov, M. ‘Trotsky and Nepansky. Among’ the ‘foreign class- ies will be Byron, Betanger, Heine, Shalley and Aeschylus; If you want t roughly un- derstand Commu tudy it, | munist district organization. Four ot) large-scale: industry, not only to cap- italist control, as. Lenin. well knew when he insisted so strongly in the earliest days of the Russian revolu- tion upon the necessity of accounting and control, and as the experience of ;Russian industry has amply proved since that time. The decrease in proportion of sea- tarers is a reflection of a now-passing phase of American development—the period of the conquest of the conti- nent, when American energies were turned inward. The new position of the U. S. as dominant power in world imperialism is already beginning “to change this, with the U. S. emerging as a challenger of British supremacy of the seas, But the modern ocean giants of steel and steam require rela~ tively such smaller numbers of work- ers, that the seafarers will probably never be proportionally so many as they were in the early days of Amer- ica. : Railroad workers, in the increased Proportion amounting to 220%, re- flect the growing importance of trans- portation as productien becomes more integrated, more national (and/ even international) in its scope. Summary. From ali of the foregoing, one point of supreme importance emerges: The forces of capitalism are hammering out, in the United States, the largest, the .most strategically placed, and potentially most powerful proletariat in the world. The task of the revolu- tionary. movement is to make this class conscious of itself, of its power, and .ef its historic’ mission to take over. the control and direction of society. lesfepesdlont Workmen’s Circle of Buffalo, N.Y. for Rakosi Freedom BUFFALO, Oct. 22— At a mass meeting arranged by the Independent Workmen's Circle branches of Buffalo, Friday, Oct, 16, in the Labor Lyceum, a resolution demanding the release of the more than one hundred Hun- garian.. working class fighters was adopted. 4 Comrade Nathan Bass spoke in the name of the International Labor De~ fense, telling about the Horthy terror government and its policy of exterm- ination of all working class opposi- tion. At the conclusion of his speech the following resolution was unanimously opted and telegraphed to Hungarian minister at Washington: “Laszlo Szechnyi, “Hungarian Embassy, “Washington, D. C., “In mass meeting assembled under the auspices of the Independent Work- men Circle of Buffalo, we protest the imprisonment, torture and threatened execution’of over 100 political prison- ers including Mathias Rakosi, peo ple's commissar in former Soviet gov- eriment of Hungary. “We demand no court martial, no executions, and immediate release of workers held by the Horthy regime. “Signed: Dardick, Shalowitz, and ‘Urman,” Rs ‘ Bulgarian Toilers _ From Court-Martial SOFIA, Bulgaria, Oct. 22. — The / court-martial in Acushehouk recently concluded the case of an illegal Cém- the accused are sentented to. f and the rest to Taigrioonmedt eek 8 to 15 years, pay The Sofia court-martial judged the case of a group of students; one of the accused has been sentenced to death and 8 others to penal servitude for 10 years and more, Workers’ House to Present a Tolstoy Play Saturday Night ‘ “Ot Ney Vse Kachestva” by L, N. Tolstoy, and “Vyigraly” by B. Veru- yustchy, will be presented next turday night, Oct. 24, at the t House, 1902 W. Division St, Some of the best local Russian players participating, ; At the same affair a raffle will ladies’ 4 place, A violin,’ a afled aff ; a Tadlom, watch will be f otianeraamameninereeeias i0%7 ' ; 5