The Daily Worker Newspaper, September 5, 1925, Page 12

ere = Industrial Development of Soviet Russia By MORRIS. BACKALL., Agricultural Growth and Peasant Life. HEN one visits Russia in 1925, he witnesses a wery great develop- ment in industrial phases of Soviet Russia; nearly every department of the government and of the trade unions of the country are occupied with the problems of industry and commerce, The revolutionists of old- en times as well as the new people that are working within the Soviets are planning how to make the factor- ies and shops and the field yield more products. I met comrades that were active in the underground movement of Russia, eomrades that were deported from America, some of them were active trade union leaders here, some of them that went just to visit Russia and I found them all interested now in only one thing, that is, to bring Soviet Russia to the stage of a great and wealthy industrial productive country. Lenin, the great teacher of Communism, paid attention to all phases of industrial development and Trotsky in his book on Literature and Revolution says that only when the ovens in the houses are hot and the wheels of industry are revolving, we can speak of culture so Soviet Russia is working feverishly in the line of building up its industries. HE new motto: “With the face to the village” means more or less an easier road to industrial building up of the peasant life as well as the country as a whole. We must bear in mind that five-sixths of the popu- lation of Soviet Russia are peasants. The village was not wholly destroyed by intervention and blockade as the industry in the city because agricul- ture decays slowly but is also build- ing up itself slowly and if the village in Russia remains destroyed the in- dustries of Russia will not find a mar-| ket for its wares, therefore, the motto! “Build the Village” and now the ac-! § complishments are 78 per cent of the! pre-war condition. - The village is ad-| justing itself to the- new conditions | ef the Soviet government; the peas-| ant feels that he is an equal citizen; and the economic improvement of the | whole country is in his interest andj} therefore he is assisting the govern- ment of Soviet Russia in the indus- trial development of the country. In 1923-1924 the export of agricul- tural products were in million rubles; grain products, 232,000,000 rubles, 82 per cent; products of technical growth and intensive culture @ little over! 25,600,000 rubles, which makes 13 per! cent; Cattle and poultry over 13,000,- 006 rubles, 5 per cent. 1924-1925 the export of agricul- tural products were: prain prod- ucts, 105,000,000 rubles, 41 per cent; products of technical growth and in- tensive culture, 71,000,000 rubles, 28 per cent; cattle and poultry, 76,000,- 090 over 29 per cent which shows that the village is adapting itself to the higher kind of export possibilities. »-The Soviet government is taking into consideration that the export of live cattle and poultry and raw tech- nical and intensive products are very costly in regard to transportation and competition in the foreign markets and therefore is working out a pro- gram of establishing cold storages, re- frigerators, and an industry to enable the villages to produce bacon and ham and export these products to the for- eign markets and receive a higher compensation. Also, to establish sugar factories near the villages that, at lesat half products in the form of brown sugar should be transported to the cities. In former times, the sugar factories were established only on the rich farms of the land owners; now, the Soviet government is bringing in- dustry close to the villages. Also, Electricity and Power, lyre question of electrifying Russia was a very serious one from the beginning when the workers took over the’ government, The Soviet leaders” understand that if capitalism would not overcome the Communist state thru military intervention and block- ade, they will try to effect it thru cheap products, so Lenin phrased the power of the worker state with these words: “Soviet form of government, dictatorship of the proletariat, plus electricity,” and therefore it is no wonder that Lenin. participated in every phase of electrical development. of Russia: He brot this question to the eighth convention of the Soviets, December, 1920, and helped form’ the program for a speedy development of electricity in Russia, and Soviet Rus- sia is fortunate in having great turf fields around Moscow and Leningrad that can be used for electrical power to serve the whole country. The pro- gram of Soviet Russia is for the next fifty years to establish thirty central stations. They are building now seven of these stations and three are already completed. Beyond Moscow they built the Kashirski and Shatur- ski stations, beyond Leningrad, the red October station. In 1926 will be completed the station Volochowski and the stations Nizegorodski and Shderovski, but together with the cen- tral stations, it is intéresting to note the very rapid growth of the small electrical village stations, In 1914 there were only 196 small electrical stations in Russia. In 1917, COMRADE VOLODARSKY | J Way back in 1905, a lad of 15 joined the revolutionary movement in the south of Russia. At first he was a member of the Bund (Jewish social- ist organization) and later he joined the Spilka (Ukrainian socialist or. ganization). He was soon expelled from the fifth class’ of high school for “political unreliability.” In 1908, he got acquainted with the jail as a political prisoner. As soon as he was out, he became an underground party worker living “illegal.” In 1911, he was again arrested and banished to Siberia for three years. In those three years he completed his high school education studying privately. He passed examination for entrance to the university. He had no chance to enter a university on account of police persecutions. ~~ He emigrated to the United States. In Philadelphia he learned the trade of a tailor,*but did not stick to that trade,very long. He moved to New York and joined the staff of the Rus- sian Communist paper, the Novy Mir. Together with Bucharin and Chudnov- ski, and later on also with Trotsky, he participated in the paper until the revolution of 1917, called them all back to Russia. ; As soon as he returned he became one of the most active comrades. After the Bolshevik uprising he was AM MNES A ee re eee eae a appointed commissar of the press pro-] 1918, he was assassinated by a band of counter-revolutionaries, ; In July of this year, a monument was unveiled to him in Leningrad, yand one-sixth kilogram. 217. In 1920, there were already 320. In 1923, 640. When we take into con- sideration the entire industry of Rus- sia is depending upon cheap electric power then we can understand how great are the accomplishments thru this road in electricity, Textile industry, HE textile industry is the second one in the country, The entire population is in need of cloth and more so in Soviet Russia because the clothing fashion of the largest part of the population is depended upon its native color and native tradition. They use, for instance, shawls instead of hats in the villages among women and-every district has its own native artistic design in regard to color and fashion. The clothing in the street is entirely depended upon the output of the textile industry and when in 1921 the government took over the textile industry, it found it nearly impos- sible to turn the wheels around, we must also take into consideration that a great deal of the textile industry of old Russia was located in districts of Poland, like Lodz and White Russia, Bialostok, which is now under Poland, so the textile industry was a very dif- ficult problem to deal with. In Oc- tober 1922-1923, 272,000 workers were occupied in the 24 textile trusts; in October, 1923-1924, 333,000 workers; in September, 1922-23, the textile in- dustry of Soviet Russia occupied 296,000 workers; in September 1923- 1924, 394,000 workers were occupied in the same industry. The average wage of a worker per day in October 1922-1923 was 3 rubles a day; in Oc- tober 1923-1924, 4 rubles a day. But in order to understand the rela- tive growth of the textile industry, we will take for an illustration the Kom- volni trest, which is one of the ‘24 trust of the industry. Comrade Men- del Deich, who was once in America, is the chairman of this unit. He is a worker himself, very devoted to Soviet Russia and very able in his ac- complishments and when he took over the leadership of this trest, the budget for the. year. was. 36,000,000 rubles with eighteen factories. In 1924, the budget was already 92,000,000 rubles and the profit for the same year, seven million net, The specialty of this trest is long, soft, very delicate wool and half wool weaving and shawl production. Of the 18 factories that are included in this trust, only 15 are working and 3 are in reserve and will be put in ac- tivity as soon as the necessity will arise, The 15 factories are represent- ing a circle of finished production— that is in this here circle are included factories which are beginning with very raw material up to the coloring of it and finishing the complete prod- uct. The factories work in full speed, those that are preparing the raw ma- terial are even working three shiftts a day, and in order to complete the| ¢ program of accomplishment the trust is compelled to buy raw material as raw wool in foreign countries, because Russia was never able to furnish its raw wool for its industries. entirely. Now 39,000 weaver chairs and 72,000 brush machineries are working, 17,000 workers are occupied jn this trust. The war and the civil war runined en- tirely these factories, but since the new industrial development it is mak- ing great headway. In 1922 the brush machines produced one-third of a mil- lion kilogram, In 1923, one million In 1924, they produced Already two million and two hundredths kilogram; parallel with the wool finishing developed the weaving side of the industry. In 1922 this trust produced eight million and nine hundredths of meter material. In 1923, 10,000,000 meter. In 1924, over 14 million. In 1925, twenty-one million meter will be produced. Con rade Deich explained to me that all of the directors, as well as the work- ers themselves, are doing all they can to improve the industry. Their ambi- tion is to establish new factories with machinery of the latest accomplish ment of the world. The products of this trust are sold in their own stores all over the Russian country, peasant women in Siberia as well as in Uk rainian are wearing dresses of the ma terial made in these factories and the shawls produced in this trust. (To be continued) Brookhart Keeps Slim Lead WASHINGTON, Sept. 4.—Senator Smith W. 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