The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 22, 1925, Page 7

“The Idea becomes power when It pene- trates the masses.” —Karl Marx. By L. M. KARAKHAN. NOTE—The following is a tran- slation of the speech delivered by Sov- iet Ambassador to China, L., M. Kar- akhan at the entertainment given by Mr. Mochizuki at the Hotel de Peking at Peking, China. * * * May I be permitted first of all to thank Mr. Mochizuki for the honor of his kind invitation to a banquet, where I see such a brilliant ,gather- “ing of distinguished representatives of.s0 many various circles of Peking. ‘It was with profound interest that I listened fo our host’s admirable ad- dress, one that is the more valuable and interesting as the speaker is an eminent representative and a most in- fluential member of the leading gov- ernment party in Japan. In his speech Mr. Mochizuki touch- ed upon a number of all-important problems connected with China, prob- lems that move us all, and conse- quently I willingly respond to his in- vitation to me that I say a few words, and I will try as briefly as possible, without taking advantage of your patience, in the same frank and out- spoken way to express my views on the present situation in China. I shall do this in the best hope that, in such a distinguished company, my word will not be taken as evil propaganda. I think Mr. Mochizuki was quite right when, in his searching analysis of the’ present events in China, he wished to briefly review facts having occurred during the last decade, and it was quite to the point when our esteemed host recalled the world war, the Versailles conference and the seven demands brot up at that conference by the Chinese delegation, then the fourteen points as proclaim- ed by Mr. Wilson and, lastly, the pal- icy of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in China and the treaty concluded between the Union and China in 1924, Soviets’ Policy of Equality. The facts which he. enumerated Mr. Mochizuki, looks upon as the , cause of the national liberative. move- ment which is growing and spread- ing before our eyes in China. And J with Mr. Mochizuki believe that the causes of the actual events in China are deeply rooted tn those great changes in the conscience and in the relations be¢ween peoples which have been brot about by the events of the last decade, sap Indeed, what is it that we have wit- nessed? We had the world war, a war which was trumpetted as aim- ing at ensuring to the peoples their national freedom and self-determina- tion and equality in international re- lationship; then the Versailles con- ference, where these principles were not taken into consideration, while the proposition of the Chinese dele- gation which would have placed China SATURDAY, AUGUST 22, 1925 Disillusionment of Chinese. All those facts, which every Chin ese interested in the fate of his own country well knows, could not but make a deep impression on the Chin- ese people, making it think seriously over its sad condition and try to see if it could and must seek ways to es- tablish relations with all the world on a footing of perfect equality. There may have been some who believed that the silence which in- mediately followed» the close of tha war and the non-materialization of Wilson’s beautiful principles meant that the Chinese people were recon- ciled with its position; this, however, was a mistaken idea; the Chinese people were merely waiting and hop- ing for the fulfillment of promises it had received. Then, as time went on, Soviet Trade Union Delegation in China SPECIAL MAGAZINE SUPPLEMENT THE DAILY WORKER. Ew» 20 ages, moves and prompts the Chin- ese pedple to wish that China’s relo- tious with all be established on tho samé principles as, with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. But, then, this influence of the U. S. S. R. on the national liberative struggle of the Chinese people is within the scope of the inevitable historical laws; it is not the result of artificially warmed up feelings. And if.our fault is our good. policy, I take pride in confess- ing to our being guilty. Must Abolish Unequal Treaties. In his speech today, Mr. Mochizuki has recommended to China to act slowly; first he advises China to set her house in order. I regret to say that I cannot agree with the idea, which nowadays is quite a current one, namely: first, set your house From left to right, top: Smurgis, Lepse.. Bottom: Briskin. China felt deeply disappointed, see- ing the wreck of all her hopes and desire to obtain the right that is hers to take the place of an equal among equals, It is thig disillusionment that plays, no small part in the acute crisis the feelings of the Chinese people are going thru today. Soviets Influential in China. There is quite a natural interest at- on an equal footing with other pow- tached to the question of our influence ers was rejected without so much as having even been given considera- tion; then again, the Paris confer- ence was, with an interval; followed by the Washington conference, which Obviously failed to give satisfaction to China’s. national aspirations, while even the-rather insignificant resolu- tions of that conference could not be carried out; the fourteen points of Mr. Wilson, which for a moment shone over China like a ray of hope that vanished all too soon; then at last, the establishment of the Soviet government, which thru a prolonged struggle conquered its right to an existence worthy of it, the Soviet gov- ernment with its policy of equality with regard to China just as in ro- gard to other countries, and the re- nunciation of unequal treaties by the Soviet republics, STN Sasa A TIEOIIAIE ZB RE ar tC SOL on the national revolutionary move- ment in China. There is no denying it, and I do believe that the policy of the Soviet government is and will continue to be a not unimportant factor in the history of this country. Our influence, however, consists not in that pro which is so fre- quently and yet so groundlessly spok- en of, but in the simple, tho more ef- ficient and stronger fact, which was so ably and correctly poihted out to by Mr. Mochizuki. It consists in our policy of equality and justice to China in words and in deeds, a policy which we have realized and have been real- izing both thru our treaty and *thru every step in our relations with this country. Now, since China hag thus been able to establish equal relations witb a great power, this certanly encour- in order, and then your national as- pirations will be satisfied. To set one’s house in order is, of course, a good thing and a necessary thing, but how is one: to do it if one is not the master or, rather, not the full and only master of one’s own house? If China be left to herself, I am sure the Chinese people will ex» tablish the necessary order at home, an order which may eventually not be to the liking of all of us, but it will no doubt be such a kind of order as will be to the liking of the Chin- ese people themselves. And this, as I believe everyone will agree with me, is the main point. Therein lies the essential defect of & widespread estimation of the present situation. First, the order, and then the question of unequal treaties. But there cannot be the order such as is desired as long as there exist the un- equal treaties. Nor is any lasting and serious improvement in the situation possible until and unless some issue be found from that vicious circle. China Must Struggle. Together with Mr. Mochizuki, I am glad to recall the glorious and heroic struggle thru which went France, Italy, America. On their victorious banners, when the birth of those na- tions and states was dawning there LLL Ceti SECOND SECTION This magazine supple ment will appear every Saturday in The Daily Worker. China’s Fight for Freedom shone the same. beautiful words for which China is fighting today: liber- ty, fraternity, equality! Take, for in- stance, the case of Italy or America; theirs was not an easy struggle, it was one that for years and decades claimed the greatest sacrifices and demanded the straining of all the forees. Before the -Chinese people, too, there lies a difficult path of strug- gle, unless all its lost rights and privileges be returned to it willingly, on our model. I am far from the slightest intention of instigating any- one; my idea is drawn fromthe ox- amples history gives us of the form- ation of the great nations of the world and is based on an analysis of the moving historical forces as they are developing here in China. In no other way can one escape from that vicious circle of which I spoke than either thru a protractéd strug- gle for the rights lost or by their free surrender. “Don’t Throw Cold Water.” Mr. Mochizuki further said today to his Chinese friends: Stop those acts of violence, let, there bé no vio- lence! Well, of course, there must be no acts of violence, but it seema to me that it is reasonable to make this appeal to both sides which are presently at issue. To conclude my speech, I may venture to draw an example from the medical life. When an alien body, an infection, gets into a live organism, the temperature of, that, organiem Tis: es; this is due oply to the regetion of all. te sound forces of the > mt Ba its self-defense against infection. In itself, a rise of temperature, be- ing but the result of infection, may in many cases play a useful part. And the physician who would center all his attention on the high tempera- ture, forgetting all about the causes, would be but a poor physician in- deed. By mistaking the effect for the cause he might occasion ‘the pa- tient’s death. To fight down the fev- er alone, while neglecting the infec- tion, is to invite a new paroxysm of infection with still higher tempera- ture. ae | Fever naturally cxhausts* the ‘or- ganism and is a source of anxiety. to those concerned. Nevertheless, it would be irrational to seek to bring down the temperature by covering the patient with ice, for, without de- stroying the infection, we might kill the organism. In other words, one. cannot cure a sickness unless one is quite clear as to its causes. The events in China are most complex; still, this should not make us mix up the causes and effects or forget that we won’t help matters by pour- jag cold water on an inflamed organ- Chinese Will Win in Liberation. I do not know what the issng will be out of the present situation in China and I feel certain that there ts no one who does know it at the ac- tual moment. But I do hope and I am convinced that the aspirations of the Chinese people for national liberation and equality in relation- ship with all the world are on their way to infallible realization. ver the way, whether it be by following the example of Italy, America.or the Union of Soviet So- cialjst Republics, or again, any new ways to be found by the Chinese peo- ple themselves—I am confident that the day is not far off when China will establish realy good and friendly relations with all the countries of the world on 4 basis of true equality ol justice. This is my ‘warmest Put a copy of the DAILY WORKER in your pocket when you go to your union meeting, 4 be