The Daily Worker Newspaper, August 22, 1925, Page 3

bs ak ie AMERICAN AUTOS LEAD IN 22-DAY RACE IN RUSSIA Many Nations Entered in Fight for Orders (Special to The Daily Worker) LENINGRAD, U. S. S. R., Aug. 18 —American entries led in the trans- Russian automobile race from Lenin- grad to Tiflls and back to Moscow, which began today and is expected to last 22 d: The participants in the race made their getaway at 8 o’clock this morning. From the winners among the 44 foreign makes entered the Soviet government intends to select models for purchase. Conditions under which the race is being staged make it a trying test. The route, originally in- tended to cover only the distance from Moscow to Titis, is now extend- ed to include the 3,000 mile stretch from Leningrad to Tiflis and back to Moscow. A Grueling Test. From Leningrad the racers go first to Dover, thence to Moscow, to Khar- kov, to Rostov, to Piatigorsk, to Vlad- ikavkas, to Tiflis, and back to Mos- cow. During this trip the cars will be subjected to extremes of temperature, from the comparative cool of Lenin- stad in latitude of, 60 degrees, on a level with the north coast of Ireland, to the blistering heat of the Caucasus in summer, on latitude 40 degrees. corresponding to the latitude of cen- tral Spain. Nearly all of the way the roads are plain dirt, intended only for horse- drawn vehicles, and in the southern part of the route there are sections which offer difficulties even for wagons. World Powers Represented. Driving will be in daytime only. All cars will stop at night. The race committee announces that the aver- age distance covered will be 300 miles a day, but it is not likely that this speed can be maintained. With American entries outnumber- ing all others, the manufacturers of other countries represented in the Tace range in order; Italy, France, Germany and Austria. There are en- tered 80 passenger cars, 60 trucks and 20 motorcycles. Boosting the Air Service. WASHINGTON, Aug. 20.— Estab- lishment by the federal governmnet of an aeronautical corporation similar to the Inland Waterways corporation, was urged today by Colonel William Mitchell, of the army air service, as a@ means of placing aviation on a sound basis in the United States. SERVANT WHOSE JOB WAS TO CARE FOR DRUG CRAZED TIN PLATE KING SUES ESTATE, BOSS SHOT AT HIM By LELAND OLDS (Federated Pre: Staff Correspondent) The corruption of the multimilliondire upper class, comes to light oc- cassionally in such suits as that filed against the estate of Daniel G. Reid, by James Savage Kis personal attendant from 1919 to 1924, Savage asserts he was engaged at $100 a week, to render personal service of an “extremely difficult and delicate nature occasioned by the mental condition of Reid due to excessive use of alcoholic liquors and stimulants,” ‘ Savage's job apparently was to handle the financier when crazed by the craving for booze and dope. That it was no schoolboy job is evident from Savage's statement that Reid not only threatened to shoot him but actually shot at him when thwarted in his at- tempt to get narcotics. Was Tin Trust Manipulator. Savage ig suing for certain addition al compensation he claims was prom- ised him when he threatened to leave because the job was almost tinendur- able. Reid was the capitalist who accu- mulated $50,000,000 by manipulating the tin plate trust later absorbed in- to U. S. Steel and by looting the Rock Island railroad, see My lady’s handbag contained $1,775 in spending money including $7.75 in quarters and dimes, probably for tips to members of the “servant class.” This bit of information is per- haps the most significant item on the suicide of Mrs. Peyton Van Ren- | sselaer, member of one of this coun- try’s most aristocratic families. Many items cross the news desks of Ameri- can papers telling of workers who commit suicide because unable to get @ chance to earn a living. Sometimes the crazed worker kills members of his family too. But here is a woman committing suicide whose handbag contained spending money equal to the entire year’s income of a skilled worker in American industry. The lady also had pinned to her clothing jewelry containing 29 dia- monds and 20 sapphires. Yet she died from despondency. ‘ pie ae Morgan Buys Diamonds, ‘Phe jewels from the coffers of the INLAND STEEL COMPANY IMPOSING 10-HOUR DAY ON STEEL MILL LABOR Shortage of | is given, as the excuse for a new schedule of work- ing hours in the sheet bar and thirty-six-inch bloomer milis at plant No. 1 of the Inland 1 Gompany, Indiana Harbor, Effec- tive yesterday, two ten-hour shifts, instead of three eight-hour shifts, will be worked. Extra shifts will work alternately with the men in both departments. —— royal houses of yesterday are slowly finding their way to the caskets of the new potentates of the American investment empire. This is revealed again by an anecdote on J. P. Mor- gan’s entry into the world diamond trade. W. G. Sibley, editorial writer of the Chicago Journal of Commerce, commenting on Morgan's new dia- mond syndicate, tells of a luncheon a which Morgan took from his pocket a ruby ring stating that it was the fin- est ruby in the world. Originally it had been part of the collection of the deposed sultan of Turkey, Abdul Ha- mid. Morgan had been after it for eight years. If you want to thoroughly un- deistand Communism—study it. Send for a catalogue of all Com- munist literature. GIVE UP QUEST FOR NORTH POLE WASHINGTON, Aug. 20.—Unable to overcome the enormous difficulties presented by unseasonable weather, ice and fog, the MacMillan arctic ex- peditfon today abandoned its primary purpose—the aerial exploration of the vast, unchartered polar areas—and after some further exploration in Green- land and Baffin Island, will return to#————————___—. the United States. The decision to abandon the ambi- tious project was reached this morn- ing following receipt of a radio mes- sage from MacMillan, stating that he and the other members of the expe- dition now agree that establishment of an advanced base on Cape Hubbard and exploring the polar seas from that point is not feasible for this year in the time left before the Bowdoin and ,| Peary would have to leave Etah ahead of the ice barrier. Unexpected summer snow storms, continuotis fog and unprecedented weather conditions which prevent fly- ing were given as the reason. Commander MacMillan has been ad- vised by the National Geographic So- ciety to follow his judgment in the matter and to proceed to the other exploration as soon as he deems wise, THE DAILY WORKER BELGIAN DEBT SETTLEMENT TO STIR BRITAIN Imperialist R ivalry Under the Surface (Special to The Daily Worker) WASHINGTON,| D. C., Aug. 19— Trouble is ahead for all concerned in the insnimarte cand unpayable war debts European mations owe to Amer- ica, as a result Of the settlement of the debt with |4poor little Belgium.” Belgium wo: es leniency from the American jt commission than any other nation has so far, and this is bound to set the rest of the debtor nations into a» clamor for similar treatment, The Belgians got a sepa- ration between the money loaned them before the armistice and that loaned ‘afterward. Rubbing It Into England. On the first, Belgium is to pay no interest. at all, ’an@ is given 62 years to pay the principal of $171,000,000. On the after the war loans, Belgium is asked to pay ofily three and a half per cent interest.’ This is lower than the interest charged Great Britain when she funded her debt to Amer- ied, and not-a word was said about |forgiving England the interest on money she borrowed prior to the arm- istice. American imperialism is driving England into asking for new terms in order to have a bargaining point to force England to stop gouging Amer- ican business with the British cast iron rubber monoply, which is caus- ing financial pain to American auto manufacturers especially. While American treasury officials are sending out their alibi to forestall | complaints ffom other nations over the favors shown’ Belgium, this is not expected to stop the loud yowls of either Italy, France or England, altho England has already funded her debt and agreed on interest rates, etc. Italy and France have done . much talking but no! action. The American government's excuse to dodge similar: consideration for other debtor nations is seen in the following statetifent: Woody Did It. “While no legal obligation rests upon the United States in this mat- ter of foregoing’ ‘interest onthe pre- armistice débt, there does - exist a weighty moral Obligation as a result of asurances given by Woodrow Wil- son at the VerSailles’ peace confer- ence, which ehtirely differentiates | this sum from all other debts due to} CIGARMAKERS CONVENTION KILLS PLAN TO ELECT OFFICERS; PERKINS USES ENERGY TO SELL INSURANCE | BOSTON, August 20.—Organizers fot the Cigar Makers’ International | Union will continue to be named by the general president of the union, sub- ject to confirmation by the executive board, instead of districts electing their own organizers as proposed by delegate Manuel Roman of Chicago. against the change. refused and the amendment was defeated by a general vote of delegates President George Perkins spoke to the 25th convention. monthly payment plan, which, it was |argued, would reduce the bookkeep- \ing. Vice-president Van Horn read jan exhaustive report on life insurance j}for trade unionists compiled by the | American Federation of Labor insur- jance committee composed of George Perkins and Matthew Woll. The executive board submitted a re: solution that the convention subscribe |to 500 shares at $20 each to aid the \incorporation of this plan. Local | unions are to be advised of this and also asked to subscribe. Delegate Foley of Local 520, was requested by President Perkins to set forth the New Haven strippers’ situ- ation in a letter so that the matter (might be taken up with Secretary Frank Morrison of the A. F. of L. Foley claims that the New Haven lo- cal strippers are still paying per capi- ta tax to the A. F. of L. altho Samuel Gompers had promised that the feder- ation would accept no more taxes if strippers entered the International Union. | A collection of over $100 was taken | up at one of the convention sessions | and given Mary Kelleher for the strik ing threat workers of Willimantic, Conn., in whose behalf she had spoken. British Communists Ask Labor Party and Congress to Speak Ur LONDON, Aug. 20.—The Communist Party has forwarded to the | National Labor Party and the general | council of the Trade Union Congress lettters appealing for the issuance of a manifesto to the army and navy to | the effect that the organized forces of capitalism were prepared to use the army and navy to hold the workers under control or shoot them down if | they showed resistance. Steck Increases His Lead. WASHINGTON, Aug. 20.—Daniel F. Steck, democrat, today increased his lead over senate Smith W. Brookhart in the contested lowa senatorial elec- tion. Registering gains in counties sup- posedly voting strongly for Brookhart, Steck's lead was 12,763 votes in the recount of 58 counties. The total was Steck, 235,710; Brookhart, 222,947. In the same counties, 5,336 votes leaving the polar sea work for a sub-|the United Stafés from foreign coun-| were challenged, of which 4,068 were sequent effort. tries.” \: for Brookhart, and. 1,266 for Steck. British | Page Three Roll call vote was New members will not be subject to assessments for six instead of four months, according to convention decision. tem was sustained over a proposed #—— ~ ae — The weekly dues ment sys- GLEVELAND PICNIC ON SUNDAY WILL FLASH CONVENTION RETURNS CLEVELAND, Ohio, Aug. 20.— The Workers Party of Cleveland in- vites all comrades and sympathiz- ers to come to the joint local and district picnic on Sunday, Aug. 23, at Avondale Gardens, (stop 25), Kinsman Road, southeast of Cleve- land. The big feature of the picnic will be the bulletin service from the national convention in Chicago, which will be in session on the day of the picnic. August 23 being the anniversary of the outbreak of the imperialist war of 1914, this picnic will be made the occasion of an anti-imperialist demonstration. Comrade John Brahtin will be the principal Speaker and the Cleveland Chinese Kuo Min Tang Party has promised to provide a Chinese speaker. Come early and take in the games and sports arranged by the Young Workers’ League. There will be singing by the German Leiderafel end dancing all day and evening to the tune of Jack Bros.’ union or- chestra. To get to picnic, take Kinsman Road car to end of line at east 154 street where busses will take you directly to Kinsman Road. Admis- sion 50 cents at grounds. Electrical Workers’ Convention Meeting at Seattle, Wash. SEATTLE, Aug. 20.—James P. Noo- {nan, president, warned the Interna- jtional Brotherhood of Electrical Workers in session here today that the timé.is close at hand when power companies will be consolidated as telephone concerns have been. Speakers argued that industry should care for their agel.and broken down workers, ~ Much Gold Produced. WASHINGTON, August 20.— The greatest production of gold since 1919 was mined during 1924, it wav an- nounced by the treasury department. CHIEF SPY 0 POLISH TERROR | MEETS HIS FATE Killed by Commanist, Labor Movement Glad (Special to The Daily Worker) WARSAW, Poland, Aug. 20. — The king of the agents provocateurs of the Polish government, Cechnowski, is dead. Cechnowski, who can be com- pared only to Azeff in the Russian revolutionary movement, was killed by a young Communist, Botwin. Cechnowski, who was chief of the | government's spy organi: ion, was a | prominent member of the social-demo- | cratic party of Poland and Lithuania, This party became the Commuuist Party, and Cechnowski was a memfer {of the district committee in Warsuw. He is responsible for hundreds of ar- rests of the best comrades in the party, including many members of the central executive committee. Caused Deaths of Workers. The spy became exposed in the Ba- ginski and Weczorkiewicz trial. It was his false testimony on which the court condemned them to death. They were to be exchanged by the Soviet gov- ernment, but were murdered on the way. On July 17 three comrades, Gibner, Rutkowski and Kniewski, were en- gaged in a battle with this beast when the Warsaw polire interfered. Fifteen of the police were killed or wounded and after these three comrades were wounded they were arrested. The bloody Polish government is preparing the gallows for them, But Cechnowski got what was com- ing to him. From ‘Warsaw he went to Lemberg for the trial of the young | Communist, Botwin, who killed him. Labor Rejoices. The whole labor movement in Po- j land rejoices in the death of this rat | who has for so long preyed upon the workers. The police arrested Comrade Botwin, but they did not get a single word from him. They tortured him, but the only answer they received | was, “I did my Commnnist duty.” |) Mass’ arrests are now going on in Lemberg. The reactionary press is demanding a m terror against the Communists. | Laborer Is Buried Alive. LOS ANGELES, Aug. 20.—Chris Ra- vovich, a laborer, was buried alive | here today when the banks of a ditch jin which he was working gave way. Police and firemen were working fran- | tically to’ extricate the man before he died. | Build the DAILY WORKER | with subs. Threats and Lies Fail to Free German Fascist Terrorists (Continued from page 1) of the form and the tactics for the de- fense. He requested to be released from his duties as defending counsel. ‘The court granted the request. The speech of the defending coun- gel, Ozep, on behalf of Ditmar then fol- lowed. Ozep declared that the passiv- ity of the defense during the yroceed- ings was to be explained by the fact that the interests of Ditmar were in opposition to those of the other de- fendants. The actual terrorist intent of the expedition was beyond all doubt. The origin of the program of the expedition came with as little doubt from the organization consul. The defending counsel then discus- sed the statements of Kindermann upon the alleged hypnotism. It was just the German legal authorities which had recently discussed the ap- ‘Pilcation of hypnotism for the ascer- tainment of legal truth. The attacks of the German press were all the more absurd as it was proved without any Possibility of objection that hypnot- 8m had not been used in the present process, * « The question was, did the death sentence demanded represent the real hature of the accusations. A further question was, could the objective psy- chological methods be applied to a crime. The human personality was the result of circumstances. Economic suroundings formed character. Such ‘§ theoretical introduction was intend- as a measure of the objective guilt of the accused. What conditioned the terrorist intent? This could be seen from the indictment. In his book, “Four Years of Political Murder,” Gumbel had characterized the situa- tion in Germany, In Germany political murder had become a daily occurrence almost a profession. This in the last resort was the ex- Planation for the terrorist expedition. Therefore the whole weight of the re- |. ‘*ponsibility could not be laid upon the shoulders of the accused. Recently many confessions had been made, therefore there was a general mistrust ‘against confessions, The confession of Ditmar, however, had a value in the process, was completely frank and “Would seem to indicate a turning point in the llfe of the accused. If such honesty were ostiblished, then the ‘question was, is Ditmar a fascist, or en the possibility of such |im big well, known a turning point should not be denied? Hope for Ditmar. Ditmar had acted decently during the trial. He had admitted having been a fascist. He had not betrayed his comrades. This had been proved by the declaration of the prosecutor that the statements of Ditmar follow- ed the confession of Kindermann. The accusation of treachery returned to Kindermann. Ditmar had given reas- ons for his change of mind. Could it be believed that from the Ehrhardt ideology of yesterday a way out were possible? The defending counsel believed that the experiences of the last few months had made a great impresston upon the accused, The truthfulness of his change of mind should and could not be denied. Ditmar was fully aware of his complete isolation. He could expect no stance from the Esthon- jan government. There could be no doubt that the paragraph 61 applied to the case, but not the paragraph 64 re- terring” to terrorist intent. It was doubtful if the activity of Ditmar in the preparation of the terrorist acts was covered by this paragraph. If the conviction existed that Dit mar, in consequence of the things seen by him in Russia, had freed himself from the suggestion of terrorism, then Derhaps in his case the principle that not only the carrying out of terrorist acts, but also the intent to Garry out terrorist acts should be punished, did not apply. Trotsky had declared that the terror is powerless against a ris- ing class. This class had the right to exercise generosity and indulgence. Workers Angry At German Legation. Whilst the accused Wolscht gave up his earlier attitude and appeared com- pletely broken down, Kindermann maintained, tho fear showed in his eyes, in his declarations, his insolence and provocation tho with faltering voice, In the course of the session, the Legationsrat Hilger appeared in the court. This tactleasness called forth Soneral indignation, all the more as Public opinion is by no means con- vinced that there is no connection be- tween Hilger and the accused. Horrors 1 U. Passed Cigarets. - The fit jession opencd with the spee dermann in his own defense, ted and summarized his former statements, He declared that | ors: his arrest called forth world-wide in-| Hungarian as» suddenly dis. ppeared)) Kindermann had based his defense up- {cism in Russia and that others would teresty The examining judge had only supplied the material of proof in order to avoid punishment from his superi- Kindermann declared further that his arrest had caused incalculable damage to his German fatherland. He complained of his treatment by the G. P. U. He declared that each pris- oner was given 25 cigarets per day and that this must inevitably lead to consumption, He recounted real Nick Carter stories about alleged horrors in the G. P. U. He had not seen them it was true, but they had been told to him ‘Sy fellow prisoners, he alleged. The sequaintance with Baumann had made him a fascist nationalist. On the 27th of January he had celebrated the urthday of the kaiser. The letter to he Berlin University had been signed oxy him under a mysterious pressure, iowever, not under hypnotism. ‘The den wrote against his will (laughter). Also the letter to the Comintern was written under the orders of Bau- mann, but in the hope of being soon released, Kindermann declared that Baumann's hypnotism of him in the making of the protocal had taken place by Baumann placing his hand upon his, Kindermann’s shoulder (laughter), An Hungarian ileutenant of the hus had met Kindermann in prison, go the latter a! , the Heutenant wanted to shoot Bela Kun. During the course of the proceedings it had been ascertained that such a person only existed in the magina- tion of Kindermann, ‘Kindermann declared that he had applied a retrosuggestive process to himself, so that he was able to remem- ber what took place under the hypnot- ism (laughter), The chairman inter- rupted the defendant: in his speech and pointed out to him that he was ‘ntroducing a whole row of new facts about which he had said nothing dur- ing the course of the process, Kinder- man continued in the form of a cheap novel to retail his impressions of the mysterious pressure to which he al- jegedly had been subjected, and said that in those days he had su from high fever, It { fact that Kindermann was examined by the doctors at that time who diagnosed delirium, Kin declared that aie hii hussar Heutenant had suddenly appea: ‘o him ani tatahee red t id when (laughter). Kindermann declared further that he had promised on his own initiative to the examining judge that if he were released he would keep silent upon the happenings in the G. P. U. Apart from this, Kindermann declared that he was in possession of a secret about questions concerning Germany which he would have to take into the grave with him (laughter). The whole Speech for the defense carefully evad- ed all the concrete results of the pro- cess and concentrated mainly upon fantastic fairy tales about the G. P. U. The whole attitude of Kindermann showed clearly that he had chosen the form of his speech in order to be able to make sensational revelations about the G. P. 0. after the style of Popoft after hisiexchange with Ger- many, upob which he apparently reck- ons. “ Finally Kindermann demanded that his affair be settled thru diplomatic channels, He fwrther demanded the re-opening of the’proceedings and de- manded the death sentence, not for himself, but for the examining judge. (Storms of laughter), The chairman! declared that the question of a reopening of the pro- ceedings should have been dealt with before the speeches for the defense. The court coasidered in any case a re ‘opening of the proceedings was im- possible. . Threatens Soviet Union, Thereupon Wolseht made a declara- tion in @ challenging manner in which he rejected the possibility of detend- ing himself. He was a representative of the Germar students whose organ- izations had deen slandéred in this court and he did not feel himself call- ed up to defead the honor of these organizations here. This would soon be done by other people and in an- other place (stirring in the body of the court). He would hardly be able to influence the court as apparently the opinions of the Isvestia and the Pravda were decisive for the Russian public, The closing speech of the public prosecutor, Krylenko, then followed fense had not deen able to produce counter-arguments. Kindermann tim: ited himself to rhe attempt to juatity baseless and invented statements by still more {n which he pointed out that the de-,) \on fairy tales of hypnotic influence | which had been destroyed by Kinder- | mann’s own further statements. | The declaration of Wolscht showed | the real countenance and provocative | nature of the accused clearly. What was the relation between the friend- |ship of Kindermann +:d Baumann, who sang the Ehrhardt hymn and | other nationalist songs together, an | hypnotism? The only certainly proved | thing was the friendship between the |two. The protocol remains a fact. Kindermann himself was compelled to admit that neither the examining | judge nor Baumann could possibly have known the facts recorded in the protocol. It is characteristic Kindermann refrained from inviting | the mysterious’ Hungarian as a wit- ness, for he did not believe in the ex- istence of this Hungarian himself. * Kindermann’s defense was simply the attitude of a man who did not know what to do but to Me whole- heartedly, Kindermann believed that he Hed in accordance with the phan- tasies of the reactionary press and hoped to have the greatest success the more cynically and insolently he lied. When Kindermann declares that all three are innocent so is this abso- for it is his task to make his fantastic statements worthy of belief and those of Ditmar unworthy, Accepts Fascists’ Challenge. And the political circules which stand behind Kindermann do the same, not because they are so much concerned with the lives of the ac- cused, but with the compromising statements of Ditmar. Wolscht’s dec- laration that he will not avail him- self of the possibility of defense is only unusual in the first moment, it becomes perfectly understandable in connection with that part of his dee- laration in which he threatens in a challenging manner that other people in another place will answer the ac- cusations, We understand this declar- ation and keep it in mind. The threats of Wolscht light up strongly the real political significance and the real na- ture of the accused. We have taken off the gloves and We accept the challenge of the Ger. man fascists. The prosecutor recalled | his worde of the previous day in which ha had said that the Kindermann ble, | group was only the fret group of fas- that | ne had found the correct way when | lutely logical from his point of view, | follow. The fascists are welcome, we possess sufficient devoted comrades, and have command’ of sufficient re- sources to prevent the realization of their plans in time. With regard to Ditmar, the prosecutor saw no pos: bility of ligthening the punishment. After the close of the prosecutor's speech, the counsel for the defense of Ditmar, Ozep, requested belief for the honesty of Ditmar and declared that the turn in the ideology of Dit- mar must be accepted as a satisfac. tion by the social revolution which was able to bring a determined fas- cisht of aristocratic origin to a recog- | nition of the social truth. Then followed a> declaration of | Wolscht to the effect that if the prose- cutor chose to see a fascist in him, it was all the same to him. the last word. Terrorist Thanks German Embassy. Kindermann declared shortly that his statements had been incorrect, and that the judgment should not be based upon him, otherwise the cause of jus- tiee would suffer. Wolscht expressed his thanks to the German embassy, Berliner Tageblatt for their many and various efforts upon his behalf and declared that the chief thing for him was to hold his national, ideas and his Germanism high. Then followed Ditmar who declared that he had made his statements neither from revenge nor from egot- fam, but from the conviction that he must speak the truth. “I understand Very well, declared Ditmar, “that it does not sult the German press that & Baltic aristocrat should speak the truth, but they should leave me and my honorable name in peace, 1 stress once again that up to the con- fession of Kindermann, and despite the fact that at that time I had ¢l- Teady changed my political convie- tions, despite the fact that I had found myself to be deceived in the na- tionalist idea, I persisted in the re- fubal to make any statements whatso- ever to the examining judge, and only when the confession of Kindermann had been made did I consider that 1 had @ freedom of action, Blames Social-Democrats. “With regard to the Berlin Vor. Waerts, the organ of tho social demo- erats who sold cheir fatherland to the entente for thirty pieces ot silver, The chairman then gave the accused | the German press, in particular the | which asks how it was possible that I received permission to enter the Soviet Union, I must explain that I received this permission thanks to my Communist membership book and thanks to my Esthonian pass in which i-| was contained the name Ditmarin and | in which nothing was mentioned about | my origin. The whole Kindermann | expedition and my participation in it |is a provocation on the part of the social democratic’ Berlin police presid- | ium. | | “Apart from the exhibits in this process lying before us, there are two, others (pointing to Kindermann and Wolscht). Certain circles of bour- geois society have used us for their aims and they are responsible for our lives. I would go more peacefully to my death, the unavoidability of which | is clear to me withont the declaration of the prosecutor, if I were convinced that the German youth would learn something from this process, if it would refuse to allow itself to be mis? used for crimes against the Soviet re- public, “I came to Russia with the concep- tions which are current abroad upon the state of affairs here, I expected to see desolation, and the collapse of economy and of cultural life, and I met exactly the opposite. This led to & change in my-whole ideology. My relations with the non-party intellectu- als in Moscow who work hand in hand with the Soivet government was de- cisive for me in this connection, “In the factories and offices I saw that the work was not performed merely for wages, but also from a feeling of duty. I was convincog»®hat 1 would meet the ‘red monster,’ and this feeling pressed the revolver into my hand, instead of that I met the work of reconstruction and honesty of purpose. I am far from a friend of the G. P. U,, but I regard it to be my duty to recognize the form of treat- ment, the cleanliness and the food in the prisons of the G. b. U. “Such is to be wished for’in the prisons in all the countri of Europe, I stand now behind the Soviet power, I recognize its policy to be the best way to develop national characteris. tics, in particular those of the previ- ously suppressed nationalities. I do hot beg for mercy, I shall await the execution of the death sentence peace- fully, 1 will die as [ have, lived,” The court then omg for ‘Wy op \ } i 4 Pe