Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 13, 1881, Page 4

{ } * Springfield, Mass., has failed, with liabilities : of about $300,000. : cannot be ascertaimed. THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 13, issi_TWENTY PAGES x Bonuaye Wednerdare and Pridey; er jar, Sundus, 16-paze edition; per year... 1,¥, EDITION—POSTPAID. 5 <8 1-25 2 200 Specimen copies sent free. Give Pust-Oflice address jo fall, including Couaty and Bate. Reminances may be made elthor by draft, express, order, ur in reyistered letter, at our risk. PO CATY, SOBSCRIBEKS. Dally, delivered, Sunday excepted. 23 cents per week. Daily, delivered, Sunday included, tO cents por week, : Address’ THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sts., Ubicago, HL : . POSTAGE. Entered at the Post-Office at Chicago, I, as Second- 7 Class Matter. For the benefit of our patrons who desire to send single copies of THE TLMUNE thruush the mail, we Sve herewith the transient rate of posture: ‘and Domestic, Per Copy.- Bicht, tea, twelve, and fourseen neve paper S conte een, 2nd twenty Rint ‘paper....$ cents. ‘Twenty-two aod twenty-four pace papers cents TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. THE CHicAco TuIBCNE hss established branch ofices for the receipt of subscriptions and advertise- ments 2s follows: - NEW YORK—Koom 29 Tribune Building. F.T. Mc- Fanvex, Manager. GLASGUW, Scotland—Allan’s American News Arency, al Rentield-st. LONDON, Enz.—American Exchange, 49 Strand. - SOCIETY MEETINGS. ¢ POLLO COMMANDERY, NO, 1, KNIGHTS TEM- pitt Ansntion, Si ientehtns Sou are hereby note “Hed ta renduxvoun at, wane Asyluni, No, 76 slonrue-st., Wednesday evening, Nov. 16, Wl, at 7 o'cluck sharp, gully equinned. tor ‘the purpose of makinz a pilzrini- ¢ uszlom of St. Bernurd Commandery, e4 scnlgats Temolay ‘where, upon Invitauon of ha D. M. Carr, Mniinent Commander of St. Beraurd Cotimsnderfs the Order ot ie temple will be conferred by the ofiicers of Apollo Commandery. Azul auendance of the sir Kntcht of Apolio is de- sired. Uy order of the Ewinens Commander, U.S. TIFFANY, Recorder. kK A. M.—Mem- y notified ot the fC Clarke. wie COvENasr LODO, NO. perof the nbore Janize are h acstivot our estectmee broer, Walk departed this lite Nov. % Iss, ut. San Pedro, N.S. ‘The body te. on ihe may to ‘this city for mterment, and will prousbly be here on ‘tuseday or Weancedas Text Nolige of funeral will be elven in The Trib tne and Inter-Ocenn bereatte: HUGH MASON, W. M. GEO. W: WAIT, Secretary. CORINTIUAN CHAPTER, No. 0, 1 A, Convocation Monday evening, Nov. 1d, at: Work "ont the Mur Sluster {eure vantons are cordially Inv! B Tew. 4. 0. DICKERSON, Secretary. MELNGTON, 12. .ST, BERNARD COuALA: ry Ni Het here courtesusly tunsented 10 eonter' rae Order of the Temple on tis evening. By order 0: JON D. 3. CARN, Commander. 3. 0. DICKERSON, Iteeorder. CIUCAGO. COMMARDERY, NOW 1, KNIGHI ini Conclave Monday evening, Nov. jocks “Live Order uf the renty Visiting Sir Kutytts ulwacs onter AVID GOODMAN, Recorder. APULLO COMMANDEL NO.1, KNIGHTS 7 PLAN—Speciat Con dns evening, Nov. dsSl att o'er ck he Order of the ‘Temple Mar be erred. Stated Conclave snip eveing ut 8 ir Knixhts are always welcome. By order of the Eminent Commande HS. TIBRAS tcome.. i. FOND, Bs Ce BUTLER CHAPTHI, NO. 7, 0, FS NOTICE ‘Whe nexyraaular meeting will be held ut Hall, Madison-st and Bishop-cuurt, Wednesdur, Nov. 1G. ‘The second party of the season will be held Pty same hall Nov. 2, : GASKILL, Matron. learon’ MRS. MF THOMAS. J. TURNER J.ODGE, NO. 403, A. F. & A. BL. ular Comununicution ‘Thursduy evening, Nov. Ji, 7 ISL important wurs. All members ure re- ques:ed to be present. Jsiturs are, condlally, in: NICHOLS, W. ML WAM. 31 STANTON, Secretary. SM. LAFAYETTE CHAPTER, NO. 2, It. A. 3 Convocation Monday evening. Nov. if. at Work on i 'and 41. #. Dexrees. Vivi fons welcome. -Brord Wai kK, SORSYTH, M. BHP. WML BRYAR, Secretary. aime “FAIRVIEW CHAPTER, NO. 161, R. Corner Tulrty-seventhst, und Coitaze Grove-ay.. Remular ‘Convocation Thursday evening, Nov. 17, (fi o’eluck. Nisitiux cunspanions welcome. “Work ‘on the Council Degrevs. GEO. C ERY, HP. ” GAIFIELD LODGE, NO. %, A. F. & ASM! tat Commumention ‘Tuesaay evening. Sov. 16 in tele halt comer Wout Stndlson and Itobey-ats, Work. jembers expec! lure welcome, “Sharp 7 + NUNC DOLELAS, Seerulars. ASHLAH LODGE, NO. WS, A. BL & A. M.—Thi will be a recular meeting ‘T'uesd: Grelocks in their bales) stontoes eration of new by-Inirs uid other duiporiagt bus Sill be brougnt up berore the Hodes iets ho wped gfery member will be present," By order of the W. Me TL CRANE, Secretary. Stared abort ite COMMANDER: ecial Concinve tor drill ‘Thu: ens By order of the Bniinent HENRY Co RANNEY, Meeurde: 5 UEEN val ievarene ee 8 o'clock Munday evening, Nov. ESTHER CHAPTER, NO. 41, 0. B.S. ie icersand members ure requesied to De % M. ELTON, W. AL ATOLIO COMMANDERY DRILI-CORPS—Men- are requested 10 unpear tor drill Monday even Ingatho'civek sharp. Dyorder uf the Captal QUEEN FSTURK CHAPTRE, NO. 41, 0.5 3. wit give another party Wer evening, Nov. Ji BeGrand Avmay esti dor base Aastinproness? = tor work. resent. SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 188L Tue Massachusetts Paper Company, of ‘The value of ‘the assets A skirF ferry-boat containing nineteen persons was swampéd by the swell of a propeller on the Hudson Kiver between Troy and Port Schuyler last evening, and ten ‘persons were either drowned or are inissing. Ara state banguet given in honor of King Humbert at Turin yesterday the Archbishop of Turin in the coyrse of his speech said that he and hi$ clerzy offered up prayers daily forthe King. And yet Humbert is the head of the Government which makes Leo XILL “the prisoner of the Vatican.” Wonatio Krxe¢ Jr., before whom the depo- sition of Giro was made, was examined in the Christianey. case yesterday, and pave wstimony rather damaging to Mrs. Chris- tianey. Te. swore that that lady came to his oftice and asked to sée the letters purporting to have been written by her to Giro. The letters were shown her, whereupon she re- marked that she did not. know she could be so sentimental; that she had a2 purpose in writing them, and meant to entrap the scoundrel. ‘Tae London Thnes says that, despite offi- cial declarations, “it would be affectation to deny that the relations between England and France have lately been quite as cordial as formerly.” It hopes that the Gambetta Cabi- net will be more friendiy to England, and is inclined to believe that Gambetta will not commit himself to “a volicy of timid and vacillating isolation.” But there is a very general ‘Impression that Gambetta is the author of the palley of which the Limes com- plains. Tae St. James Gazette, which was estab- lished by the Jingoes when the Pall 3fail Gazette becamé a Liberal paper, and which is edited by the vinegarish Leslie Greenwood, has been ridiculing the ‘recent inter- changes of ‘compliments and sympa- thies .between. the United States and Great. Britain, and has vigorously attacked American institutions and customs, as tend- ing to produce a dead level of mediocrity. “The Pat Afull Gazette, which is now edited by John Morley, one of me most philosophic und liber ‘of Englishmen, has replied in'a / powerful article, and points to the fact that America, : though in. existence as a Nation only 100:¥eats,- has produced some of the Arvatest historians ‘of the age, such as Pres- f man, Ed binine. Y, Recorder. | cott,, Motley, and Bancroft, such poets as Longfellow, and one of the profoundest and most original essayists.(Emerson), besides humorists and novelists who haye obtained ide popularity; that America’s pri ress in everything, cousidériny the brief pe- riod of its existence as 2 separate Nation, has made unexampled progress. Tre Gambettist journal Le Paris says that Gambetta will be Premier and a member of the Cabinet without a portfolio; Carnot, Minister of Justice; Waldeck Rosseau, Min- ister of the Interior; De Freycinet, Minister of Foreign Affairs; Paul Bert, Minister of Public Instruction; Rouvier, Minister of Ag- riculture and Commerce; and Cochery, Min- ister of Posts and Telegraphs. ‘The port- folios of War, Marine, and Finance have not been assigned, but it is probable that Leon Say will get one of them. Singularly enough, Le Paris makes no mention of Jules Ferry. ee - Ir is expected by the counsel for the pros- ecution—Messrs. Corkhili, Porter, and Day- idge, that a jury in the Guiteau case will be secured by Wednesday. Then the trial will be pushed. vigorously to a. conclusion. Guiteau’s counsel rely mainly on the insan- ity plea for an acquittal, but will bring up the questions of jurisdiction and. malpractice. Mr. Scoville, who hus summoned about sev- { enty-five witnesses in the case, thinks that the trial will last three months, but the pros- ecution does not agree with him. An extra force of Bailiffs will be employed in the court during the trial in order to prevent “cranks” from dealing summarily with the assasin. Tue iron steam-barge Brunswick, with a cargo of coal, and the schooner Carlingford, with acargo of wheat, came into a collision during a mist yesterday morning about twelve miles off Dunkirk, in Lake Erie, and both vessels foundered. Before they went down the crews managed to get into the small boats, but one of the boats of the Bruuswick, in which were the First Eu, neer, John Trancomb, the Stewardess, Mrs. A. G. Fletcher, her daughter Millie, and Capt. Chamberlain of Detroit, was capsized by the suction eaused by the sinking of the runswick, and all were drowned. ‘Thecrew of the Carlingford, with the exception of one d Conway, gotoff safe. ‘The loss 000, is estimated at $225 Axovur 12 o'clock Friday night the bed of Prairie Creek broke through into one of the mines of the Chicago, Wilmington & Ver- milion Coat Company, at Streator, in this | State. The bed of the ‘stream at the point where the break was made is only eight or nine inches, above a bed of some twenty- ‘eight feet of quicksands, and the. rains of Friday caused pressure enough to break through the bed and the quicksand into the The hole thus made is about 200 feet wide by 400 feet long. There were only four men at work in the mine at the- time the break occurred, and all of them escaped. Mostof the implements and all but two of the mules employed in the shaft were gotten out. The loss to the company is eStimated. at $100,000. It~will take several weeks to repair the break and put the mine, which is the largest soft-coal mine in America, in working order. Axpour 27,000 ‘applications have already been made to the Irish Land Court to fixa judicial rent. Of the applicants at least 3,000 are tenants who have been evicted since the 22d of February, six months before the Land bill became Jaw. Among the recent applicants are 120 tenants of Sir George St. John Colthurst of Cork County. About three years ago these same tenants were shoutmg for Sir George, and breaking the heads of all who opposed his. election as a member of Parliament from Cork County, anditis only about two months since they held meetings to congratulate their Jand- Jord on his recent marringe and to re- joice thereat. Now they practically charge him with having robbed them for a number of years—with having used his position to extort money from them. ‘The conduct of the tenantry in the past forcibly illustrates the degrading influence of Irish laudlordism. A DvBLrn dispatch states that Lord Port- arlington has raised the ‘cry of confiscation because the Land Court is reducing his rents by 25 per cent, and he is going to eall on Par- liament to compensate him for-his loss out of the national revenues. He says that he has not raised his rent for several years. Lut he overlooks the serious fact that farm products have fallen greatly in selling price within the last four or five years. The Land Court tales these facts Into account in fixing afair rent. The court can see no cessation orletup of this American competition for many years to come. * The court is evidently proceeding with great care and circumspec- tion, and settling every case on its merits. “They find that some of the present rents are “fair? and need no reduction; but others are found to be one-half too high, and. the tenants ground to the earth. A Dublin dis- patch say: ‘The Downpatrick Land Commission, in a de- cision in sixteen cases.on the Martin ana Corn- wall estates, made. material reductions of rent. In two eases, rents of thirty shillingsand twent ven shillings were reduced to eleven shiltin: sixpeuce und wbirteen shillings sixpence re- spectively. In the case of one Miller, ter It Ward, of Hungor Castle, the commi: the exisung rent. 'Aimunz}the upplica- for ttxing judicial rent recorded are 120 on the estate of Sir George Colthurst. of Cork, and oibers on tue estate of the endowed School Com- aissioners and of Marquis Ely, Fermanagh: County, and 170 on the estate of the MacNamura mines, Where the tenants have long refused to pay rent. On account of the excessive amount the Jandlords demanded and which the farmers could not pay and live. On these estates the rent will be cut down from 30t0 30 per cent, and then the tenants will undertake to pay their reuts. Applications continue to pour into the court to’ have it fix the rents. Something like 30,000 farmers have already filed demands for statutory rents and fitteen- year tenures. They are tired of the blood- sucking system of rack-rents, followed by evictions for impossibility to pay the ex- orbitant rates. ‘Tne tugmen and vessel-owners are organ- izing to fizht the important bridge ordinance which requires that the bridges be closed one hour in the morning and one hour in the evening for the accommodation of the. people going to and returning from their work. This opposition is unreasonebie; selfish be- yond degree, and mean-spirited. The way the vesselmen put the case is this: “If the Council has the power to close the bridges one hour mornings and evenings, they may also close them two or three hours, and there Will be no limit.” -This is simply reductio adabsurdum. The proposition may be re- versed with just as much foree.. If the city has no power to close the bridges for the ac- commodation of the public for an hour inthe morning and another hour in the evening, then it has no power to close them for half an hour, or even ten minutes, nor mdeed for any length of time, and they should be taken down as obstructions to tuzmen. But | the fair and reasonable way of looking at the ‘case is that the vessel-owners and the public should make reciprocal concessions. Thé former have all the privileges of the river during twenty-two hotirs of the day, and they can well afford to give the tens of thou- sands of West Side and North Side people a chance: to get.to and from their places of business during the mosteommon nour for coming and going in the morning aud eyen- ing.. We'would again remind the yesselmen that they would “have: no occupation in this city if it were not for these same people they are now fighting and the energy aud money they have employed in building up a great commerciat city...What is known as the Chicago River was originally a littl or bayou rather, which would accommodate nothing larger than a dug-out; the National Government has never Spenta cent on It, and the deepening and enlargement to its present dimensions .have been done at the city’s expense for the benefit of the vessel- men. Itis absurd to hold, under these cir- cumstances, that the city cannot exercise, reasonable police powers over the bridzes across a stream which itself has rendered navigable. ——— A VAST CHICAGO SCHEME. Readers of Tur Trust probably noticed in the real-estate coluinns of this journal a week ago a diagram, accompanicd by a com- munication proposing the construction of a roadway, running from ‘Twenty-fourth or ‘Thirty-first street into the Jake and parallel with the present Iake-front. This plan con- templated making a harbor of the water lying between this artificial road and the lake-front, and also the construction of a union depot ‘at the south end of the roadway, freight depots and warehouses along the roadway, and docks, with slips, both along the Jake-front and the parallel road out iu the lake. The proposition has found a good deal of consid- eration, and called forth several suggestions, one of which is especially worthy of atten- tion. ‘To construct a lake harbor of the kind pro- posed will require a vast amount of stone and dirt for filling up the roadway and the docks, estimated at twelve or fourteen imill- ion cubic, yards, There is no place where this matevial ean be procured so cheaply as by enlargug the canal to Lockport and using: the excavaied, earth, gravel, and rock to con- struct the docks and roadways of the pro- posed harbor: There are now three or four million cubic yards of exeayations thrown out of the ditch forming high embankments along the canal, ali of which could be cheap- ly utilized in making docks. Scows.drawn by tugs would convey the material from the ‘eanal to the new harbor at a probable cost. of %5-cents to $l per yard. ‘Lhe future interests of Chicago demand mure than anything else an adequate outlet, for the sewage of this rapidly growing city, and } the most direct and capacious sewer it will | be possible to command will be in.a ship eanal connecting Lake. Michigan and the Mississippi River. The commercial interests of the whole country would warrant the Na- tional Government in undertaking the con- siruction of suck a canal much more than the local and sectional interests warrant the annual expenditure of several millions of public money on 2 variety of jobs included in the River and Harbor bill which Congress passes. But it may be doubted whether Chi- cago can afford to wait for the Government prosecution of that work. If a new harbor be one of the desirable improvements in this city, in order to furnish relief from the bridge nuisance, as wellas to meet the grow- ing requirements of commerce at this point, then it would certainly be an admirable ar- rangement to. procure: that desideratum by means of another coveted improvement— viz.: the enlargement of the canal. and con- struction of a vast sewer. ‘The statement of the case leads up to the suggestion which has been brought before the public attention. The scheme embraces these propositions: Let a company be or- ganized for the construction of a.harbor and docks between the lake-front and the new Govermnent pier, and the State to authorize that company to proceed with the work on condition that it take the filling required from the canal, and guarantee a uniform width of say 120 feetin the surface of. the eanal between the point where the South Branch empties into it and Lockport, with a depth equal to thatof the Chicago River, | sayfourteen feet. A canal of these dimen- sions would be large enough to receive water from the long-contemplated canal from the Stock-Yards east to the lake. A project of this kind has on its face cer- tain advantages and certain disadvantages which should be properly weighed. First, as to the advantages: ‘The comple- tion of the project as we have outlined it would give Chicago ample dock facilities for ahundred years to come. There would be docks, warehouses, and slips in the outside harbor covering a space of several hundred acres, also in the four or five miles of the enlarged canal west: of Bridgeport, aud in the new canal connecting the lake with the lilinois & Michigan Canal either by way of the Stock-Yards or south of that point. The use of these docks would furnish a very great relief to the Chicago River, and thus largely abate what is known as the “bridge- nuisance ” and spare the great.waste of time now consumed by waiting in the central part of the city for the closing of the bridges. 1t would also assure a perfect system of drainage for the entire city for all time to come. A canal 120 feet wide and twelve or fourteen feet deep would carry a great yol- ume of water which would always be kept clear and pure by the flow trom the lake. Between Lockport and Joliet there is a fall of forty-five feet, Such a volume of water on that fall would create a vast hydraulic power—amounting tomany thousand horse- power. The benefits of a ship canal connecting Lake Michigan and the Mississippi River would be practically secured by the proposed improvement, since the river below Joliet could be made navigable for steamboats and barges by the construction of two or three loeks above La Salle. Ample dock room, perfect sewerage, and a ship canal to the Mis- sissippi constitute a combination of ad- vantages which, once secured, would make the future of Chicago grander and more im- portant than the most sanguine people have ever predicted. There are undoubtedly disadvantages and objections tosuch a scheme. There is a very widespread sentiment against the obstrue- tion of the view of the lake uléng ‘the strip between the Exposition. Building and ‘Twelfth street. ‘This is the only open lake view there is anywhere within the city limits on the South Side, and there will always be considerable opposition to closing it, uot only on the part of those who live on the lake-front, but among all who take a pride in the “view.” lt may be doubted, however, whether an outside harbor with its immense shipping and bustle of commerce will really detract from this view. Opposi- tion may be expected from tme owners of dock property along the river, which they would fear might be depressed in value to sume extent by the harbor facilities provided elsewhere. The residents and owners..of property east of State street, in the neigh- borhood of Forty-second street, or any eross street in that vicinity, wouild also find objec- tions to the construction of a canal connect- ing the lake and the’ Stock-Yards. They would then have to cross bridges, aid would. dread the noise of commerce in a locality which is confidently expected to be the choicest and most delightful residence dis trict in Chicago. In reply to these and other objections thats shall arise it-will be urged that the private interests of a few ‘bersons and sentimental considerations must all give way befote pub- lic necessity and the march of commerce in Unis great city, and-that individual sacrifices r bought at least. Lessin BACK PUPILS A’ of sentiment are alywaj's. included in. great schemes for public improvements. But the real obstacles to be overcome are as follows: ‘fhe authorization ‘of the’ State Government “to this. use. of the lake-front, the consent of the cits, and the acquiescence of the ‘owners of the.Jake-front property’ must -all be se- cured, before the work could be done. If these Could ‘be obtained there is -scarcely a doubt that a company of capitalists could make “the scheme profitable, and there. is certainly enough to it to warrant serious THE PUB- vee LIc scHooLs. Tue Trmcne recently published a com- munication froni “Progress” sharply eriti- eising the graded system in. the public schools ‘of. Chicazo. ‘The article was sug- gested by the report of a committee of the zens’ Association on the matter of routine workin the public schools. ‘The writer in Tur Trupuxe was himself-a teacher, and wrote from the experience of. mauy years, and the result of his experience and observa- tion is decidédly adverse to the present graded system which is in use in the public schools of this city. ‘This gentleman declares that the first diffi- culty which meets any attempt to change or reform the present school system arises. from the opposition of the teachers, and that any eftort to break up routine work will be es- pecially opposed by, thé teachers becanse routine is the foundation of the graded-sys- tem. The ground for anticipating the hos- tility of teachers to any change is, first, that the majority of teachers are-so wedded to the present round of duties that any varia- tion of requirements throws them off the track, and they are helpless; and, second; that the graded system rests on the presuimp- tion that all children are capable of so much work, and that those who can do inore must be kept back until the others can be brought up to the standard. He says: In order to accomplish this a system has been devised which maps outa scheme of work far tou narrow for genius, but just suited to the ntgof pupils who do not care to apply them- selves to auy mental effort, and particularly adapted to the capacities of teachers Who have not ingenuity enough to originate any plans for themselves. The change to another method cannot easily be made, because teachers do not easily or readily measure the capacity of pupils. Itisto be feared that there is too much truth in these allegations, and that the teach- ers as a body are very non-progressive. It is arank absurdity to Suppose that if ten boys rand ten girls enter a class in the public schools, their: scholarship being the same, these twenty children shall so progress during the next five. years that their relative scholarship shall remain un- changed, and they shall remain class- mates until they graduate. Yet this is the hypothesis on which the graded system has its foundation. ‘There are half a. dozen standard studies; of these twenty children fifteen may be unusually brilliant in four of them, but they cannot be advanced in any of them until their progress in all six studies is up to the standard, and they must drag along their dull existence with the dther five boysand girls until all twenty are advanced to the same proticiency. ‘Uhe studies are graded, but the pupils are not graded according to their progress. outstrip his classmates in arithmetic, unless he excels equally. in all the studies; he must remain with his associates until he has memorized a half-dozen books in which he takes no particular interest. ‘The teachers are appointed to classes of a prescribed grade; to them it is a heresy to teach anything not written down for that grade. Inanordinary grammar school there may be fifty boys in classes of various grades, but who have advanced themselves in arith- metic tar beyond the grades to which they belong. It would be an offense revolting to the School Board or: to the teachers to have these fifty boys file out of their present rooms at particular hours in the day and take places under another teacher in an arithmetic class far enough adyanced to mect their present proficiency. The graded system would be violated, and the teachers would be demoral- ized by any such proceeding, no matter how proper and just it would be in the way of in- structing the children in the matters in which they need instruction. Our correspondent writes on this point: The whole tendency ot ‘teaching under the systems in vogue in the majority of schools is to cheek nny display of ingenuity in acquiring knowledge... Such a thing as mental disciphoe 13 impossible in a system where the text-book is put into the bands of the pupils -as_ the eubodi- ment of all there js to be lenrned of any partic- ular subject.. The teacher likes to beara lib recitation, and enforces the memorizing of the text. ‘The Superintendent likes to see his schools of one grade all working. on the suine lessons and on the sume dead Jevel, whether it be in the sebools tied with. bright, intelligent learners, or in those filled with the produgt of the byways and hedges, she gutters and the warrets. So be fixes up a course that will cloud the brilliancy of intellect in one and hide the deformities of the other. ‘The committee of the Citizens’ Association lave proposed a change in certain particu- lars, ‘Their proposition is In the direction of practical and direct instruction at the cost of theory. ‘he boys and girls-who attend our public schools are, with few exceptions, those who depend exclusively for their in- Struction on what they get in those schools. For them there is no school beyond. A. comparatively few reach the high-schools, and only occasionally does one reach a col- lege. Those wlio attend the public schools obtain all their schooling there, und the time that they have for learning in these schools isso short that the teaching ought to be as practical as possible. ‘They have no time to wait for slower pupils. They should be advanced in all they learn as fast as such advancement is needed. Whena boy orgirlinaclass exhibits excellence in any one study he should have an opportunity to enter a higher class in thay study, no matter how much behindhand he may be in-the other studies of the higher grade. <All ¢chil- dren are not alike in ‘memory, quickness, and ability, but those who excel in any stand- ard study shouid'be given an opportunity to advance In that branch as fast as they can, and not be compelled to wait for the fifty or sixty scholars of the same general grade to catch up with them. The great reform needed is that the pupils who have but one, two, or three years to attend school should have every opportunity to learn. all they can in that limited time, and should not be repressed or tied down in all things because slow or deficient in some thi While any change is sure to meet with op- position from the great body of teachers, reform must after ail came from them. They: ‘must themselves extricate “ the schools; they must themselves iinprove their own proficiency by making the schools more proficient; they must remember that each pupil has a right to the best education he can obtain in the limited time he. can go-to school, and the teachershould do the best he can for that end. It is a false theory that all boys and girls are equally quick or equally slow in any or all studies, and that they -must be carried along by platoons without reference to their personal ability. Instead of traiuing u class of sixty-four children under an idea that they will all progress alike in all the studies, let the elassi- fication be by proficiency. iri each of the standard studies. Do not crust the boy’s hopes by having him forever tied to the same elass and never advanced. in one study until he equals the whole class in ‘all, and until the whole class equals him. Let him depend on himself, and not on his classmates. Let there be no place in ‘the schoof so high that he muy ‘not reach it by his own ability and work, and independent -of the success of It profits a boy nothing to. others. Let him fire in school as if he were the only scholar there, and rise and take his place according ‘to his merits in each and every study ~ ho. may -engage -in.~ This reform-must: proceed: from .the teachers, { who alone can put it intd: practice, and who alone can inake it a success. ‘The present system, which costs the taxpayer so dearly, is largely a faiJure. Between SO and 90 per cent df the éhildren who attend the public schools in this city leave them as soon as they can read and write, Beyond that point the tine spent at school is regarded by many parents as pretty much wasted. They seo their children tied down to a routine car which moves. but little faster than a snail's pace. Boys who could master their ‘arithmetic in one session are held back so as to consume several. Girls who could go through their English grammar in-a few months are kept at it for several years,-simply because some scholars can go no further in those studies. The school history of the United States can be suflicicntly studied by many quick and apt pupils in one term, but they are not per- initted to do it in less than several terms, and so of all the studies. This bad system must be broken up and common sense be permitted to take its place. The teachers are not earning their wages in the educa- tional results they are accomplishing for the rising generation. Simply denying and spe- cial pleading will not suttice to refute the fact. WILL THE ;POPE LEAVE ROME? Rumors are again tlying thick and fast in Europe that the Pope intends quitting ome and Italy also. ‘Ihe French Bishops ‘ho re- cently visited the Vatican, and had several interviews with the Holy Father, returned home. indeed with a strong impression to that effect which they gathered from their conversation with him. In thé absence of any authoritative, an-- nouncement of his purposes, the most that can ba said perhaps is that sucha step is clearly within the limits of the probabilities stowing out of the Increasing antagonism between the political and clerical power in italy. Of course there are many reasons why the Pope may remain for some time yet in Rome, chief among them the theory of the Church that Rome is the only proper’ place where the functions’ of the Church can be exercised. This, however, is only a sentimental theory, and should the’ present antagonism become unendurable, the theory would be flung to the winds, and the reality of an exodus toa safer locality would take its place. On the other hand, it is notorious that the lot of the Pope is. not a very pleasant one, and that the efforts of the Government to carry out the guarantees are extremely difti- cult, for the radical Italians can annoy both the Pope and the Government with their of- fensive demonstrations,:as they have done several times of late, with comparative im- punity. The presence of 2 power in their usidst which-is irreconcilable with them and with the principles of modern progress and the widest degree of liberty is a difli- culty which is not only great at present, but must inevitably. incrense, for the people of Italy cannot, if they would, take a step backward. If they cannot retrace their steps towards the Chureh, and the Church will not advance towards them, then sooney or later there must come a collision, or ond or the other must get out of the way. The retreat of the Pope may not occur imme- diately, but it must come ere long unless he is willing to abjure ail idea of temporal power and confine himself exclusively to his spiritual functions. in the event of such an exodus, rumor is also busy with the future locality of the Pope and his new Vatican, The Pall Mult Gazette and some other prominent Euro- Pean journals-seem to have abandoned Malta and settled upon Salzburg as. the place where he will be likely to settle. ‘There are many inducements in the place itself which might be likely to attract him, It is situated in the Duchy of Salzburg, in Upper Austria, with Styria, Carinthia, Tyrol, and Bavaria, all strong Catholic provinces, for neighbors. Its situation is one of the finest and most picturesque in all Europe. It lies on one bank of the River Salzbach, and is built in a defile formed by several hills. It has three grand cathedrals, and fifteen other Catholic places of worship; is the residence of an Archbishop, and contains a theological faculty and seminary for priests. TheDuchy itself ‘owes its origin to a Bishopric. It was afterwards raised to an archiepiscopal see. At one time its Archbishop was Legate of all Germany, and as late as 1781 all the Protest- ants in its limits were expelled by the Arch- bishop Leopold Anthony for refusing to bé- come Catholics. All its traditions, associa- tions, and memories, therefore, areconnected with the Church, and from its remarkable natural situation, and its locality as the centre of the strongest Catholic portion of Europe, it offers. the Pope a sure retreat from his cn- emles without and within. Alluding to the possibility of his going there, the Pall Malt Gazettesays: The rumors which have prevailed give Salz- bury as the place at which the Pope proposes to sete himseif; and there ig no question that it igonly at sume place in the dominions of the Austrian Emperor that he can find comfort and the hovor which be usserts to be denied to bim in bis own country, ‘Tho Austrian territories are still the part of Europe In which most of the Buropean order estublished iu 1813, after the great war, ‘still survives. In presence of a complex cluster of constitutional Governments the Emperor and Kins still does pretty much what he likes outside Hungary, and there ure prelutes with splendid revenues and imposing state, religious urders, monasteries, and con- vents of every variety of.rule; and though there is nowadays toleration of dissidents, and though the principles of tho: Josephist levisin- tion have been in some degree restored, there is a deep fund of faith in ‘the Roman Catholic Chureh and of reverence for its head. . Tho Pope at almost any place in the Austrian domin= ions might reckoo not only on consideration and hospitality, but on genuine veneration. Outside of Austria, there is probably no country, except our own, Where the Pope’s presence would not be more or Jess eimbar- rassing to the Government. He could come here and set up a hew Vatican and maintain himself in as handsome state as he pleased, and.no one would ask, “Why do you so?” ‘The very spirit of our. republican institu- tions, the temper of our people, the free air of liberty, and the splendid progress of the country would convince him at once of the folly of expecting to exercise temporal power orto interfere with it. Cut loose from old | precedents and associations, he would enter upon a new field of spiritual life, and would perform his fitnctions with a feeling of se- renity and quiet he has never experienced in Italy. As there is no probability, however, that he will come here, Austria appears to be the next best country, and Salzburg the best place in Austria. DISCOVERY OF A NEW OPERA. The imusical hiding-places have developed soine very ricli treasure-trove of late. Itis not long since that a new symphony by Haydn was discovered. Following this came the missing numbers in Mozart’s immortal “Requiem.”. Still more recently a tenth symphony by Schubert has been unearthed by that indefatigable musical scholar, Mr. Grove, of London. ‘Ihe latter was_a gréat surprise, as it has always been thought that Schubert, like Beethoven, whom he admired, closed his symphonic list with a ninth work. aind now comes the. news of another rich ‘find—namely: 2 manuseript opera by the young and ill-fated Donizetti, whose end was as pitiful as that of bis own lyric heroine Luela. representative of Italian opera, perhaps be- cause of his musical fluency snd productivity, and again because heis still liying and work- ing, there has always been a peculiar charm about the’ music of: poor ‘Donizetti, arid & sentiment of romance such as attaches also to the music of Schumann, which may be traced to the melaneholy: fate which ended the lives of both these composers in a mad- house, The principal works of the Italian such as “Lucia” (which he wrote in six. weeks, and one. number of: which, the “Sextet,” comes nearer -to inspiration than anyother number in modern Italian opera, unless if may be the “Quartet” in Verdi’s “ Rigoletto’); ‘* Favorita,” lit- erally a “fayorit” with every mezzo-soprano; “The Martyrs”; “The Daughter of: the Regiment”; “Luerezia Borgia”; “Linda,” one of the sweetest of operas, and ‘Don Pasquale,” one of the merriest—have lost none of their charm and freshness with time. Their very dramatic quality and bright melo- diousnéss have commended and will always commend them to lovers of the Italiai school. ‘The announcement, therefore, that a pos- thumous work of his has been discovered will create unusual interest, not alone in the musical world of Italy, but wherever his music is admired—and where is it not? The opera is entitled the “Duca d’Atba,” the libretto being by Scribe, who. furnished Meyerbeer and other composers with so many stories for musical illustration. It consists of four acts, including altogether twenty four scenes. The overture is wanting, but its theme is indicated ‘In the opening chorus, as well as the tone and ‘point for raising the curtain. The first act is entire with the ex- ception of the dance music, of which there isno trace. The second act is.a little im- perfect, The third is without instrumenta- tion, but the bass is always written, and there are indications for the instrinients, so. that the accompaniments can be easily filled in. In the fourth act, the music of the first scene is gone; in the second scene the. in- strumentation is imperfect; and in the third there is only a musical idea which. is intimated. on the margin of the libretto. The last act is. also somewhat ‘im- perfect.. (here are eighteen numbers com- pletely finished, and for the others the master has left such clear intications that they can easily be cdmpleted by any skillful musical writer, so that the opera can be presented as the real work of Doni- zetti. The authenticity of the work has been established by a commission appointed by the Council of the Milan Conservatory, who, after a careful examination of the opera and a comparison of the autograph with the original manuscripts of several of Doni- zetti’s autographs of various dates, such as the “ Torquato Tasso,” “Fausta,” and oth- ers, have declared that it is written through- out by him. 7 It 1s fortunate that the work discovered Is socomplete, for Donizetti was a very rapid and careless writer and left many of his works in a very fragmentary shape. A composer who could write out the score of an opera in two days would naturally do a great deal of hasty and incomplete work, and it is a good instance of his facility that, though he died while yet a young man, he is known to have written more than sixty operas, of which we know less than one- third. ‘In these days, when the music of the future is making such encroachments upon } the Italian music that almost every year one or more of the Italian operas are taken out of the standard repertory and shelved, it isa happy circumstance that-some hitherto un- known can be unearthed in.a condition to be mounted upon the stage. A vigorous search would anquestionably find still more of Donizetti’s works, as well as of Bellini also, who wrote many operas,,though now there are but three that keep the stage—** Norma,” “Puritani,” and “Sonnambula.” If Ltalian opera is to be rescued from its present deca- dent state, who knows -but that its posthu- mous music may be the means? The Bachelors of Manitoba. There are eight hundred bachelors in the Provinces of Manitoba under the care of a single Presbyterian Superintendent of Missions. Some of these bachelors are old, lean, and scraggy; some of them are fat and wheezy; some of them are red-faced and bald-headed; some have an impediment of speech, some are squtat-eyed, and some are bow-leeged. Doubtless many of them chew tobacco, smoke; or take snuff. But presumably they are an average lot, containing scores of tall, straight-limbed, bandsomely- bearded young fellows, susceptible to tne re- fining influence of woman, who would fall au easy prey to the matrimonial yoke. The single Presbyterian Superintendent of Missions would be pleased to adjust the yoke to the neck of any member of his charge witnout regard to the little cfireumstance of bald-headedness, red- facedness, or bow-leggedness. To reduce the number of bachelors in Manitoba even by one would make his heart leap for joy. Mrs. Jellaby hoped in a year to have from 150 to 250 healthy familes cultivat- ing coffee and educating the natives at Bor- rioboola-Gha on the left bank of the Niger.” But the task of Mrs. Jellaby. was much moro arduous than thatof the editor of the Wood- stock Sentinel who proposes to “get up a huge excursion of marriageable girls from Ontario,” to proceed to the relief of the bachelors at Man- itoba. Mrs. Jellyby was under the grim neces- sity of providing whole families for the left bank of tho Niger.” But tho Sentinel man bas only to send haif-the better-half to be sure, but only haif—a fainily in each Instance. Each of the $00 bachelors of Manitoba waits, as it were, like the disjointed half of a pair of scissors, for his destined other half. The editor of the Sentinel is full of enthusiasm onthe subject. He regards ‘the’ expedition,” as he calls it, one of patriotism, and has nodoubt that volunteers will press forward in squads. He invites humanitarians to correspond with the Sentinel olfice, and states that * applications will be received yntil the Ist of April next.” But why this long .delay?, Why. keep tne bachelors of Manitoba waiting. for spouses all winter? Their noses will become. red with cold, if with nothing else, during the approach- ing Inclement season. Every cold wave from Munitoba for the next four months wil! bear tho burden of sighs from the heaving breasts of $00 love-sick swains. It is to be feared when the snows drift about their’ lonely bachelor quarters, when the wintry winds rattle the casements, and the thermometer marks fifty degrees below zero—it is to be feared that the fascinations or “ poker " and “ old sledge” will draw the attention of the 800 away from the subject of matrimony, away from devotion to the preparations so needful to the holy-state of wedlock. What temptations may come in this long win- ter season to the imprisoned’ swains! What doubts of the good faith of the Sentinel mao may arise to: distract their minds! May they not seck consolation in the flowing bowl? Sup- pose the 800 should, during these dreary four months, become hopeiessly addicted to the in- toxicating.cup? Does the Sentinel man koow what a kettle of fish be may be cooking ‘for his 800 mirriageable girls? It is all very well to offer to marry off 800 girls to 800 bachelors of excollent morais and good habits. But it is quite another thing to pledge. wives to $0 mei four months hence. It may be true that no man was ever known to die In sixty days, but thousands of men have gone to the demnition bow-wows in less than four months. And the Sentinel man, in raising the spirits of the $00 Manitoba hachelors to the bigh- est pitch of excitement, and then postponing the day of fulfillment four months, invites all the ills of an overwrought imaginaton—insan- ity, delirium, and dissipation—in their behalf. And he risks the happiness of i confiding females besides, The other day, in London, a theatrical man- ager advertised for 500 beautiful girls, and- they appeared at his door next morning! -The idiot of the Sentinel ought to know enough to know that If he had advértised for £00 marriageabie girls totake ship for Manitoba in-u week,.guur- anteeing them husbands on arrival, they would * “Ehough Verdi. is considered as | the chief . have BpoearsH brompily on the wharf with trunks“ containing their bridal . trousxeaur, Ontario must be a very poor place for girls if the Sentinel mio is right in assuming that it will require four. months to ;find 80 wives. . Thoy could bo picked up in Chicayo in, twenty-four hours: and they would be girls of first-class“ character. and xbitity too. Many. .of them would ve’well up th estketics; com peteut to explain to the bachelors of Manitoba, the sublimity of the whichness, and’ the pro-) fundity of the whatness. During the long wio- ter evenings they would enlighten their British’ lege lords asto the meuning of the thingnesa of the here and the bereness of the thing. Doubtless mans of the old arid worn-out bach- elorsof Manitoba will die during the coming winter. What {s the Sentinel man going to do, with bis extra girls when.he lands tho: in the province in the sprinz? Not to scize the 80 bachelors at once isrank stupidity. To sepa- rite S00 loving hearts from 800 other loviog hearts ig cruelly beyond description. {f the $00 British bachelors want to clasp $00 rare and radiant Ontarlo. maidens to their pulpitating hearts, they certain Want to embrace them now. And so of the rare and radiant maidens. Why should they be left to pine in solitude in Ontario, to waste their sweetness on the desert air, walle 1,600 arms are stretched forth from the Dies shores of Manitoba to clasp them in @ tender matrimonial embrace? —— ProcnaMatioys concerning Thanksgiving Day are becoming frequent about this time, several bayine already made. thelr appearance. ‘To such Governors a3 have not yet sent forth a callto their constituents to properly observe the day set apart by President “Arthur for the giving of thanks, the’ prociumation of Gov. Long, of Mussuchusetts, is. commended a3 3 model of brevity and guod sense. Tnstend ot in- duiging in tlizhts of fancy, Gov. Long contines himself to Seripture and poetry. The document is ag follows: : Wuenreas, It ig a common and ancient custom tosetupart after the marvest a duy of pudlic thanksgiving und prayer to Almienty God, Now, therefore, 1, Jubn D. Long, Governor, by und with the advice und consent of the Couneil, ap- point therefor ‘hursday, the 2ith day of No- vember next. * Tntu Thee, O God, do we give thinks! ‘Thou visitest the earth und waterest it. ‘Thou blegacst the springing thereuf. ‘I'hou crownest the year with Thy goodness. The pastures are clothed with flocks: the. valleys also ‘are covered over with corn: they shout for for ** Blessed 1s be that consid “Come unto ine ail ye that labor and ure heavy laden, and I will give you rest.” “0 painter uf the fruits and towers, We own ‘Thy wise desten, Whereby these humble hands of ours May share the work of ‘nine! “ Apart from ‘Thee we plant in vala ‘he ruot, wud Sow the seed; ‘hy early and ‘Phy latee rain, ‘Why sun und dew we need. . “ Our toil is sweet with thankfulness, Our barden iy uur boon; ‘The curse of Enrin’s gray morning is ‘Whe blessing of its nun. “ And still with reverent hand we cull iiby wifts exch year renewed: ‘he kod Ls always bi . ‘The beautiful $a Tur Democratic papers of New York ara just beginning to get it through thelr bulr that the State bas gone Kepublican. The Times observes: It began to dawa ‘on our esteemed contem= poruries yesterday morning that the State wird wone Republican, In the: World olfice the re- turns were coming in * very slowly,” in feet, * suspicious tardiness.” but when “ pusi= tive results * are obtained, such is the election or Purcell by 2,000 majority, ne rit prow to” tabulate the result ia full”. Iteumarka World: dropping xracefuily trou aa 40 toa Fague 20 or su within twenty= four hours, und quite: disduining to notice that iis f a7ih—not a unit tess—in New Yorle City was 10,275 or so wide of the truth. But thea, “all the books and the sheets containing the footi: of the city vote weré lucked uy; Pp in the sufe of Policé-Commissioner Nichuis, aud. as the iForld could neither obtain the combinu- tion nor make footings of Its own. it_uwatts the oflicial canvass. It has discovered, however, that there ure certain ridiculous Hepubileans who actually “claim the election of Mr. Carr (Republican) by a small majority.”. Our friends of the Sun are’ still a little dazed over the re= turns, though they are willing to concede Carr's election by 4,000 majority, and more than wilting to leave the entire business to the official cau- yassers. ‘The Herald, which put down the State 3,001 Democratic exactly, bas succeeded In ob- taining figures which rongly indicate Repub- lican success,” though it has x lingering doubt about the general result. [tis willing to throw olf the 4, but bates to give up the 3,uw. The MWorid spenks with lofty contempt of “ex post fucto™ election counts, and frum a Democratic point of tiew.its positien 13 sound. The only really trustworthy election count is the one made tha day before-election.. This was the universal ‘eustont in the’ South’ for several years, and it always produced a handsome Democratic ma- Jority. The |orld tried it hereon Tuesday, und produced 36,740 Democratic majority, Tega a cold ex-post facto count showed 12,000 Re} lican majority. =a Tne Pall Mall Gazette says: The recent census of tho worshipers in the churches and chapels. of uiverpool, which snowed that the uttendance ona given Sunday in 188i fell far short of the number many yeurs ago, has been pronounced by the Bishop of tho diocese “very unsatisfactory to every Chris- tign man.” In the last half century Hund of new buildings for religious worsbip bave been erected in England, und in every town where two ministers might be found In ISL there are at least four in this year; but inspite of this increase in churches and clergymen the number of church and chapel-soers, tastead of Improving with the times, his considerably. fallen back. ‘The Hishop consoles himself with the thought that if a census were taken ‘of every town and of everr city, and of every rural’ or town parish, the result would not be much more satisfactory than at Liverpool.” ‘The ur- gument that if & man’s condition is not good.It 43 at least no worse thun his nefyghbor's state bus not usually been beard from the lips of minis- ters of religion; and if it were generully adopted there would not be much hope for amendment in morals or Christian feeling. $<. Tue New York Post sums up the financial condition of the present week as follows: Notwithstanding the arrival. of $1,499,000 for- cign gold, and the disbursement by the’ ‘Treuse ury of about $3,000,000 of November interest, the surplus reserve of the New York bunks wua reduced during the week $1,600,000, or to $3,104,- 75. The foreign-specie arrivals ‘since Aug. L have been S=.S2t1, against S5E5,62 Bw yene ago. ‘The rates for foreign exebanye do. not warrant fresb gold imports, but, if the declining tendency of the prices of breadstutfs continues, it will not be long before this class of exports will furnish exchange envugh to lower rated once more to the gold-Importing point. There has been no.ndvance ‘in the London rate for monev.. The Paris settlements, from whieh trouble was apprebended, have passed without causing nny serious disturbance, and there aro rather more securities zolug to Europe than are coming back fru there. ‘The general trade of the cuuntry continues. very lurge, and the Indi- cations are that ft Is profituble. "The tonnage of the railroads wus never larger than at. present. ———— Tne next Massachusetts Legislature ought to be above the necessity of electing a Chaplain, since the supply of ministers among. the members will be large. The best known of the clergymen who will be members of the body isthe Rey. Daniel Dorchester, D. D., of Natick, whois one of the most influential men in the ‘Methodist Church in New Engiand. In addition, to bim will be the Rev. Joseph Scott, of Sprinz- field, also a Methodist; the Rev. N. W.-Everett, of Wareham; and the ftev. Oliver A. Roberts, of Salisbury. It might not be a bad thing for Iill- nois politics if a few clergymen of this State would become candidates for le;isiutive bon- ors. They would be apt to learn something of. tho true inwardness of politics—a subject oa which many of them sre fond of discussing—and thereafter their remarks would be rather more to the point, even if not so vebement. ————— AcconprNe@ to a report ‘by the Internal Revenue Office there are three brewers in New © York who use nothing but malt and hops in making beer. The adulteration of this bever- age by the use of glucose, cornline, rice, eté., hag. reached proportions at which consumers are be- ginning to take alarm, and the worst feature of” the matter is that the recent Investigation in New York showed that at one brewery, where the returns showed the use of hops and mule: only, investization stiowed that fur every nine- ty-six bushels of malt there were used 500 pounds of coraline. Another larze brewery, which claimed to use hops and mult only, wis discovered to be making beer, among the in-‘ gredienta uf which were corn and glucose. The present ontlook for beer-drinkers {s not.a-very cheerful one. i —— Orrawa papers tell of the narrow escape. of a prominent Canadian luwyera few days age, from marrying an advénturess who bud: not- given her right opine. The parties were at the; church altar, and the ceremony was interrupted by a friend of the expectant groum, who bad learned” the wornin’s history. It fs, asserted. that she had been intimate with some of the best. ~ families, ana bad at times visited Rideau Hall. ~ Tisseems to be a bad year for bride-> - grooms. Several'instancés have ‘receritly been © siven in which the binshing bride failed to ap- . pear at the critical moment, gréatiy to the xriet of the gentleman who had prepared himself te: assume her dry-goods bills in the future, andy