Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, September 18, 1881, Page 4

Ghe Triluue. TERMS OF SUBSCRIETION. BY MATL—IN ADVANCE—POSTAGE PREPAID: Daily edition, one year... $12.00 Parts of a year, per montn. Daily and Sunday. one year. 1508 ‘Tnesd Tou me ‘and Saturday, per year. 6.00 Monda;, Wednesday. and Friday 8.00 Bundas, '16-page edition, per year. 00 WEEKLY EDITION—POSTPAID. On . Club of fives. ‘Twenty-one Specimen coples se: Give Post-Ofiice address in full, including County and State, : Remitiances may be mado e!ther by draft, express, Post-Ofiice order, or in rezistered letter, at our risk. TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. . ‘Dally, delivered, Sunday excepted. 25 cents per week. Unily, delivered, Sunday inclu 0 cents per week. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Dearborn-sts., Chicago, YL POSTAGE. Entered at the Post-Ofiice at Chicas, TW, as Second- Class Matter. Forthe benef of ourpsatrons who desire to send Bingle coples of THE T2tuCNE throuzh the mail, we wive herewith the transient rate of postaze: é Forelan and Dumestic. ‘Per Cony. Eight and Twelve P' 32 cents, bixteen Page Paper. cents, TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. TRE CHICAGO TRIBUNE has established branch oftices for the recelpt of subscriptions and advertise- tents us follor NEW YOHK=Room 2 Tribune Building. F.T. Mtc- Eapbex, Manazer. : GLASGOW, Scottand—Allan’s American Agency, 31 Renfleld-st. LONDON, Eng.—Americad’ Exchanze, «9 Strand. BENKY F.GILLIG, Agent M ADHINGTON. D, C—Isli F street. News ORIENTAL Ci Biated Assembty Thursday eration of By-Jziws and NO. 3h ALP. & ALSL—Tall mmunication Friday even~ come, By order ECHER, W. AL ORIENTAL LODGE, 22 La Sulle-st—Spee ing, Sept. 2%, for wort ASHLAK LODGH, No. ulur meeting in their hall, evening, Sept. 2. As imp transacted, It boned ever By order of the W. A. HALL convocation business and LINCULN PARK CHAPTER U5. suener Clark und Centre-sts. State: nday, Sept. 19 for the transaction of on the KA. Dexree. Hy order of PRED HALLA, H. PL 8 G. PITKLY, Secreta “CHEVALIER BAYARD Knights Templar—special Conela Sept. Work on the order of si yinmander, EY, Recorder. c) ck. TI Bre requested particulurly to be pre: By order uf the Eminent Commander, ik MIFFANY, Recorder. PLA, Titerary and ninsical entertainment on Tues yt. Ze for th ss Hesse 2 uullwest corner of elith and Halstes ‘A. 1. WHITE, Secretary. thel Bis, Aduissivn 25 cents. 3M a. F LEMBERMAN’S LODGE, NO. ni jon Weilnesd i Sept. Ts south falsivd-st.. Imporiant work. Members are fequested to it Visiting brethren sre coraially invited. Bs order of (3 pare cordially MY EAI FUIBES, W. ML H. M. ASHLEY, Secretary. No. 19, KNIGHTS nelave Monday evening, Sept 1. o'clock for business. Visiting sir Knights weieume. By urder of ste ILE. POND, B.C. DAVID GOODMAN, Kecorder. at alwa; Every member ts earnestly req Visiting brethren gurdially Invited, W. 1. THOMPSON, WM, GH. CRANE, Seeretai ST. BERNALD COMMANDERY, Rinted Conclave Wednesday evenin oelvek. Work on th miplar Orde: Siniuhts are courtegasty luvs D. «| dUE: 3.0. DICKERSON, Hecorde CORINTHIAN CHAE Convucation Monday ¢ Work on the Mark und ing companions are enrdial! ARTHUL 4.0. DICKERSON, Scerctary ipectal clock. . CACKEGIER LODGE, NO. 654. BLS A. Regular C mmunteation Wednesday evening, SL at 5 oelock “. for work, Visiting brethere cordially invited. dy order of a JAMES KEATS, W. ML JOIN GINOCHIG, Secretary. ‘ SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 18, 18SL. “Te tine weather of yesterday contributed greatly to the success of the Chicago Fair. ‘The attendance was Very large. “The races were rather ex ticularly the 2: 3 to decide. Tux contributions for the relief. of the Michigan sufferers continue to pour In on the Treasurer of- the Relief Fund. Yesterday he received SG27. ‘The total receipts thus Tar amount to $34,230, and a large qua of clothing, bedding, ‘te. night the schooner Van Valkenberg foundered off White Fish Bay, Lake Michigan. and all on board except one seaman were Jost. ‘Those that perished were the Captain, Andrew Keith, his wife and son Richard, a lady friend of Mrs. Keith, Peter Iennessy, George Curtis (two seamen), athird scaman, whose name was unknown, and the Fi AL MacVracm stated in hus telegrain to Minister Lowell last night that the President's condition then was | “probably more grave and critical than at any tine heretofore.” “Phere has been,” ; “no gain in strength, nor any evi | dence of repair.” Tle reters to the forenoon ehill and subsequent fever, but adds that the patient slept most of the afternoon, and that there was a gradual decrease in the pulse, temperature, and respiration. “Tue Jeffersonian Democracy of New York” will issue a-call fora State Conven- on in New York City Oct. 10. So says the Associated Press telegram. Now whether + the Jeffersonian Democracy means the Tam- many Democracy, the Irving Hall Democ- racy, the Tilden Democracy. the Short-Hair Democracy, the Swallow-Tall Democracy, or. all of ‘these together we cannot under- take to say. All we know is that the Jei- fersonian Democrats have been invited to convene. Mr. John Kelly or Mr. Samuel J. Tilden may rise and explain. -But they will probably wait for the convention day to find out what the Jeffersonian Democracy means, and if it suits Mr. Tilden John Kelly will not be well pleased, and if it suits Mr. Kelly Mr. Tilden will not be pleased. Inany case a row may be looked for. _ Tue troubles of the French in ‘Tunis, and in Northern Africa generally, seem to liave onlycommencea. The Tunisians and the -Arabs on the Algerian and Tunisian front- jers manifestas deadly hostility to French rule as ever did Abdel Kader, and are keep- ing the French soldiers rather busy. They do notattempt any regular system of War- fare, but; like the Boers and other fighters for independence in recent times,- have re- sorted to the guerrilla system. The climate of the country seems to have declared in favor of the rebellious; or rather independent, tribes. The French: troops are suffering from.disease and from the heat. The line of advance seems to be too widely extended. Detached groups of the French are fre- quently threatened with being cut off from the main body and massacred, and the French and other European settlers in the frontier towns of Algeria are exhibiting unmistaka- ble signs of trepidation. The French au- thorities purpose increasing the African gar- rison, but if the African insurgents and rebels, as they are called, have a leader pos- sessing any of the spirit which animated that “son of a slave—hrst of the brave,” «Abdel Kader, it will tax. French ingenuity and French resources to establish a permanent footing in Tun Tne President’s surgeons had to resort to anew system of treatment yesterday in con- sequence of the failure of the-patie! ’s stom- ach to assimilate food properly, or at least in sufficient quantities to overcome the'waste going on. The treatment consists of the ad- muiistration of defibrinated beef blood. The blood is procured fresh from the New York abattoir, and is whipped until it is entirely free from the fibrine part of the fluid, thus preventing all danger of its becoming clot- ted. This treatment, itis thought, will not only have the effect of affording nourishment to the patient, but will also tend to purify his blood. Senet. Mason has addressed an appeal to the public, in which he adtilts that, in shoot- ing at Guiteau, he did wrong, uot because of the injury he intended to inflict on Guiteau, but because he had offended the law of the land. Me is yet of opinion that Guitean ought to have been killed—in fact, that all assusins and would-be assasins of the chief ruler of 2 nation ought to be killed, and sug- gests 2 rather curious way of dispatching them. They should, he thinks, be put Into a ditch ten feet deep, and all persons who hate assasins should be permitted to throw mud on them, and when the diteh is filled the place over the assasin’s body should be covered with brimstone, that no grass night grow thereon. Sergt. Mason does not want people to applaud his unsoldierlike conduet, but at thesame time it is evident that he does not like the criticism of Gen, Sherman passed thercon.. He thinks, too, that it is rather de- grading to United States’ soldiers to place them to guard the life of the worthless scoundrel Guiteau. ‘Tie Lanil-League Convention at Dublin, as was anticipated, adopted all the resolu- tions proposed by the Executive Committee of.the League, and others of a rather ex- treme charzeter as well. Atthe suggestion of Mr. Parnell, three representatives of the Labor League were added to the Executive Committee of the Land League, and for the future the Land and Labor Leagues may be considered as one. But it is questionable whether the — alli- ance will last. The farmers and laborers: of Ireland have been almost as antagonistic us thé landlords ana the farmers: have been, and it. is doubtful even now whether the farmers will be unselfish enough and just enough to act on the advice of the League Convention and of Mr. Parnell, and treat the iaborers fairly and considerately. Mr. Par- nell and the convention seem to. have been rather too much under the influence of the Communistic element of the Land League associations at this side of the water. It is well undersiood® that a person named Ford, who conducts a Communistic organ in New York City, ¢ has been the means of sending a humber of telegrams from this country to Dublin during the past week to induce the conven- tion to adopt extreme resolutions. The con- vention seenis to have advanced half-way to meet Mr. Ford and his friends, and so far the convention has been very unwise. But while the convention is being held, the farm- ers seem to be preparing to avail themselves of the provisions of the Land act to secure a reduction of rent, and, notwithstanding the denunciation of the act by the Leaguers, there is little doubt that it-will be adminis- tered by the Land Commission so as to sat- isfy the farmers—in which‘event the occupa- tion of many of the Leaguers will be gone. - Maror Harrison has two vatuable offi- cers. -Ie and they are always trumps. ‘They are the bowers, and he the joker; and with their ald he is always sure of the point. ‘These officers are his personal friends~—Gen. Lieb, of Switzerland, and Gen. Waller, of Kentueky—both countrymen of .the Mcyor, and both have attended pienies with him in their native land. Mr. Waller is a temper- ance man, and Gen. Lieb is not, yet, by some strange vagary of fortune, Lieb regulates and controls the Water Department, and Waller some other deparunent of the City Government. Stranger still, Waller and Lieb are not friends—that is, not harmonious. ‘They never dance in the same set at a picnic, and the Mayor has to stand up with them al- ternately. The only instance where there is an approach to peace is when Lieb hands over the water to Waller at the pienies, he devoting himself to something else. Lieb thinks. he is the great man of the City Gov- ernment; Waller ditto; the Mayor, also ditto. Lieb wants, and has long wanted, Waller's official scalp—and Waller "thinks Lieb a—well, for fear of a libel suit we will not say what. The Mayor stands between them, but he would inwardly rejoice if either or both would resign. Waller will notresign, and Lieb says for him to do so would be unconstitutional, Waller outranks Lieb officially, and the Mayor outranks Wal- Jer. Things are getting warm in the city building, and nothing less than a civic picnic ean smooth the wrinkled front of the war now raging around the tank. Finally, it is understood that the Mayur will tomorrow ask the Council to remove the Water De- partment frém Waller’s jurisdiction and place it under the charge of Controller Gur- ney—a.very wise and ‘most proper thing to do. But then what is to become of Lieb? Whither is he to go? There is some talk of making him Superintendent of Police; an- other story is to make him Corporation Coun- selin place of Mz. Adams; and still another isto make him the Mayor’s secretary; an- other to give him Dr. De Wolf’s office; and, further, to settle an old dispute, to make him. Fish Inspector. Lieb cannot be put. out of office. He won’t go! The Mayormust make him a new place before he will give up the old, and this is the misfortune of the situa- tion. The Mayorcannot Iet him go. But the question just now ‘is, Where will the Mayor put his countryman and friend, Gen. Lieb? HOW TO RAISE THE MONEY FOR MORE POLICEMEN, THE Trrvuxe has repeatedly urged upon the City Council the necessity for a greater police force. Crime—and especially ruffian- ism—commandsfhe streets not only by night but also by day. Murder and violence are common offenses. The want of policemen Jeaves the greater part of the city without any police protection. The Superintendent of Police has not enough men to patrol one- fourth of the peopled area of the city, and the few patrolmen are so scattered that each one carries his life at the mercy of the ruf- flans who regard the shooting of a, patrol- inan as wholly safe. Tur Trisuxe has here- tofort shown that by the classification of saloons and a reasonable iperease of the license rate of euch the revenues. of the city might be increased so as to meet part of the present deficiency, and‘ that, too, without making any unreasonable or ex- tortionate demands upon the saloonkeepers. We have already suggested that the licenses tosell beer and wine exclusively should be Taised to $100, and the licenses to general saloons should be fixed at not less than $200. It is possible, however, that all applications for general saloon licensesshould contain an affidavit that the applicant’s sales for the pre- ceding year did not exceed $25,000,,and when’, this affidavit was not made the license should be $500. The city authorities will find .also by lookmg over the list of retail dealers of liquors,in this city who are upon the books of the United States Revenue Office that there are many- hundreds of druggists and many hundreds of grocers who sell liquors, and who now pay no license to the dity. It is possible that from 600 to 800 of these con- fessed , liquor-dealers, and each of whom sells as much liquor as an ordinary saloon, now escape all taxation for city purposes. To include them in the city license law will add perhapsimore than. $100,000 to the city revy- enue or force them to leave the business. Unger our. present: license Jaw wholesale dealers in liquors pay no license to the city, and there is no reason whatever why they should not be’thus taxed by the city as well as the retailer or saloonkeeper. lt is possible, under these wholesome changes in the present Inw, the present rev- enue from the sale of liquor in this city, instead of being the beggarly sum of $182,000, may be increased to somewhat as follows: Fifteen bundred beer saloons at $100. Twelve hundred siloons at $200. Two bundred and {itty saloon: S Six hundeed grocers and druggisig ut One buudred and fifty wovlesule at $200... Grand total.......s..00 In this estimate we nave allowed for 600.of the present licensed saloons to go out of business becatise of the increasé in the rates of license, but have included 600 grocers and druggists, who now sell liquor largely, and without any license, and also wholesale dealers who now pay no ficepse. The in- crease of revenue will be nearly half a mill- ion of dollars, but even if the numbbr of dealers who will go out of business be twice as many as we have suggested, the inerease of the revenue will still be large enough to supply the large deficiency in the revenue, and enabie the Council to add the needed 250 men to the present grossly inadequate police force of the city. Breau - PUBLIC EDUCATION. ‘The report of the Commissioner of Educa- tion for 1879 has just been received. Owing to the slowness of the otlicials, especially in the Southern States, and the difficulty expe- rienced in getting full and uniform returns from all parts of the Untén, these reports.are very much delayed. ‘The comparisons in the present instance are made between the school-years 187778 and 1878-79. ‘The sta- tistics lose much of their value by the delay. ‘The system under which they are collected admits of improvement. The total school population in the States, exelusive of the Territories, in 187%, was 14.- 982,765; the number enrolled in. public schools, 9,335,003; average. attendance, six States not reporting, 5,225,100. The school population of the Territories was 162,572, Wy- oming not reporting; the number enrollea, ineluding Wyoming, 96,083; the average daily attendance, 59,237, The value of the comparisons is again di- minished by the fact that the provisions of, the State laws concerning school ages are va- rious. ‘There are sixteen school ages in the States and Territories, ranging from 4 to 21 years. In nine States the school age Is 6 to 21 years, and in nine other States it is 5 to 21 years. The longest schoolyear is 170 days, and it prevail. the States of Connecticut, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. There were 270.163 teachers employed in the, States. The average salaries for men ranged from $25.54 in South Carolina td $84.46 in Nevada; and for women from $22.83 in New Hampshire to $83 in Nevada. “In Maryland the average was the same for both sexes, While the, difference was greatest in’ Massachusetts, where men receive an. aver- age of $67.54. month and womenan average of $33.50. Thirty-four States report 104,513 male and 141,161 female teachers. ‘The public school income of all the States is $82,767,815; expenditure, $77,176,354. Thir- ty States have a total permanent school fund of $110,264,434. The expenditure per capita of the schoo! population varied from 95 cents in Geérgia to $15.25 in Massachusetts, and per capita of enrollment in’public schools from $141 in North Carolina to $17.17 in California. ‘The number of normal schools reported is 207. They had 1,422 instructors and 40,029 students. There were 144 business colleges, avith 535 instructors ana 22,021 students, of whom 5,246 were in evening schools. ‘The. nuuiber of kindergartens was 195, with 52 teachers and 7,554 pupils. "There were 1,23 academies or institutions for secondary in- struction, having 5,961 instructors and 108,734 pupils. ‘fhere were also $7,466 persons pursu- departments of universities and colleges, number of preparatory schools specially de- voted to fitting persons fur admission to col- Jege was 123, having. SIS teachers and 13,561 pupils, an increase of nine schools and 1,023 pupils as compared with the previous year. tious .give higher instruction to women. They have 2,017 instructors, avontone-fourth of whom are men, and 24,605students. ‘Their grounds, buildings, and apparatus are valued at $9,212,500. Their tuition fees in the year previous to the report amounted to $706,439, The “universities and colleges”? in 1873. numbered 864, with 4,241: instructors and 60,011 students. Thestudents and instructors | were divided in collegiate and preparatory departments as Tollows: kc) liviraiies The yolumes ‘in the - college amounted to 2,301,991, an increase ot 69,063 during the year. The value of ground: buildings, and apparatus was $37,209,354; amount of productive funds, $40,258,937; in- crease from same, $2,684,077; receipts from tuition fees, $1,929,060; fromm State appropria- tions, $482,445; aggregate amount of schdl ar- ship funds, $2,012,012, . ‘The report by States shows a deplorabie want of progress inthe South. “ The infiu- ences whith operate exclusively against the school provisions for the colored people are disappearing,” but the school funds are very inadequate, and there is considerable hostil- ity to the establishment of schools in com- munities where they have never existed. Fifty-eight per cent of the colored children ot. school age are not ‘enrolled, but are wholly illiterate; of the the remaining 42 per cent a latge. proportion are attend ants npon the schools onlyin name. The colleges, normal, and professional schools for the colored race were supported chiefly by the Peabody and other benevolent contribu- tions, while many of the public schools for colored children received substantial aid from the sa me quarter. A curious feature of the report of interest r to readers in this section is the discouraging nature of the reports fromsome of the North- western States. Great dissatisfaction with “the poor character of the country schools” is said to exist in Ohio. The quality of the superintendence in Michigan, has fallen off, and the number of enrolled pupils dimin- ished in one year 17,564, while the number of children of school age increased 10,187. In Indiana there wasa loss of 38,643 in enroll- ment, of 3,750 In average daily- attendance, of 191 in the number of. teachers, - of $164,208 in receipts, and $178,183 in expenditures. The Ulinois report is abstracted thus: Statistics here, t“~~4ndicate a falling off of 1,727 in educable ¢ th, of 13,599 in public Two. hundred and twenty-seven institu- | ent, of 4.2% days in, the average of see in teacher; e Bein fugains 5. le op, Of Site In recolpts school enro! time of school, average monthly pay vance in that of women), of 33,4 for schools, ana of $1,55,366 in expenditures for them. - School property in_ the State system was valued, however, at $73,810 more, and private schools reported 6,268. more pupils, under 408 more teachers. A gtatifying increase of school facilities ‘was reported in Wisconsin, Minnesota, Jowa, and Nebraska. .'The apparent falling. off in the public-school attendance of the Middle Northwestern States is obviousiygdue, as the Commissioner says, to, the great increase in the number ana patronage of private schools. With the return of prosperous times parents have felt better able to pay the cost of pri- vate tuition and have availed themselves of it accordingly. . ‘The Commissioner closes his report with the stereotyped recommendation that a whole or a part of the proceeds from the sales of public lands should be applied to the sup- port of public education. THe T'nmusy has already shown that the funds derived’ from this source are wholly inadequate for the purpose. ‘The tobacco tax, which brings in $40,000,000. year, of the whisky tax,” which yields $60,000,000, would not be too much to provide for the wants of the country, and. especially of the Southern States, in respect to public education. ——_—_ INADEQUATE TAXATION OF THE LIQUOR ‘ BUSINESS. The most crying want and most imperative necessity of Chicago at this time is for 250 to 300 additional stalwart patrolinen to mak@ the present force approximately equal to the reduirentents of the city. ‘The employment of these additional policemen is now an im- possibility, because the city has no money, and the city has no power to borrow nor any power to levy taxes to raise the required rev- enue. To meet this deficiency the city has but one legal means, and that is to impose an in- ereased fee upon saloon licenses. ‘The pres- ent rate of licenses is notoriously anu con- fessedly too low. It is ridiculously small. It was fixed a quarter ofa century ago, when the population of the city was less. than one- eighth of what it is now. <n increase in the rates of snioon licenses is a matter of justice and propriety, but a stronger reason than this is, that it isa matter of public neces- sity. 9 % ‘There are in this city 3,500 saloons, which now pay $52 each for license, making a total revenue of only $182,000 a year. , It 1s worth while to examine what this bifsiness is worth to those engagedinit. The taxable prop- erty in these saloons—that is to say, the per- sonal property returned by the Assessors for taxation—is very- inconsiderable, and the tax paid thereon to the city is so wholly in- significant that it may be dismissed from consideration... But all other visible property pays taxes. It may be safely assumed that the tax paid on all other property is equal to one-tenth of its income, and where a man’s income from his rents is equal to $1,000 his taxes, general arid special, will average more than $100. ‘fhe saloonkeepersy great and small, pay only $52 a year each for all the privileges and protection—and they are many and costly—which they enjoy. e “hese 3,500 saloons make annually ‘sales ranging from $1,000 to“s50,000 each, hun- dreds of them over $20,000 cach, and it is a Jow computation to assume that the general average, including sales of cigars and other forms of tobacco. .is $3,500 each, making an aggregate of sales of $12,250,000 in the year. ‘Their total license fees is $182,000! ‘The profit on sales of liquors and tobacco is extraordinary, as compared with the profits on other retail business. The liquor at wholesale does not cost one-third of what is obtained from the drinkers at re- tail. The: clear.profits are well known to exceed. two-thirds.of the sales. Thus we have the’ annual net profits of these 3,500 saloons at $8,000,000 a year, for which they | pay the city the insignificant license fee of $182,000! A half-dozen drinking-places can be named whose profits amount to more than that sum. * oF Treating the Hquor traffic as a fact, and discarding all impracticable sentimentality. we may assume that at least one-third of the cost of municipal government is due to the traffic in intoxicating drinks; this cost is due to the direst and consequential results of the sale of liquor in the public saloons. ‘These consequences aré the crime, poverty, and wretchedness which afflict. society calling for police, prisons, hospitals, asylums, alms- houses, and other institutions founded by public charity. . = We have seen that the saloons of this city deal out liquor annually at a cost to con- sumers of more than twelve millions, on. which the dealer§ reap a net profit of eight ing similar courses of study in the preparatory >millions. Is it askine too much when the public demands” that these establishments city high schools, normal schools, etc. The 4 contribute a portion of their immense in- come towards paying the expenses of gov- ernment, especially when those expenses are largely made, necessary by the character of the business done in these saloons? “IS GOD GOOD?” The question which forms the abovetitle is made the subject of an eloquently written pa- per or essay ini the ‘Atlantic Monthly for Oc- tober, by Elizabeth Stuart Phelps, a lady who needs no introduction to ourreaders. At first sight, the question seems x superfluous if not an irreverent one, and perhaps for that reason itis not altogether a happy title for her paper, but asthe reader progresses with her line of thought he will pereeive that it is not opeh to these objections, but covers a wide ground of speculation which has been traversed by all thinkers from time imme- morial, and dees not concern the personal character of God, or question His attributes of goodness, but bears upon the ab- struse meanings of what may be termed special providences, nnd the Gompat- ibility of human miseries and calamities with His character for benevolence. In dis- eussing this subject, Miss Phelps does not settle anything. Her decisions are even in- consequential, but this cannot be charged against. her as a weakness, for she lands where the finite must always land in attempt- ing to understand the infinit—namely: in faith. Miss Phelps admits the unchangea- bieness, .the remorselesness,. and cruelty of Nature, and that behind every blessing done Nature hides a penalty; “that the mass of evidence in the great trial of Nature before the bar of. man is voluminous and stern”; she admits the calamities of fire, ‘sirocco, shipwreck, famine, ‘and pestilence, and the Tavages of vice, crime, and all manner of sins, Shé eloquently sounds what she calls the three great key-notes in the discords of life—the crtelty-of Nature, the. mystery of ‘sex, and. the misery of the poor— and she glances at the great facts of heredity, the influence of human disease on happiness, the historical illustrations of. human ‘wo, the phenomena of remorse and suicide, and the inexorable sentence of death. She ad- mits that, “so far as we are able to judicially estimate questions affecting our emotions, pain ‘ gues farther,’ as our idiom has it, in this world than pleasure.” So far in her argument, if. we may term it argument, agreement with her’ position will be uni- vérsal. 2 : The explanation of the apparent inconsis- tency Miss Phelps sums up in the declara-. tion: “We find it to be the law of Divine denial that it not only does not obliterate— it creates—the phenomenon of human be- lief. The final test of love is trust under ap- parent desertion, This absolute trial ‘| Phelps, “to writhe ourselves into’ the belief God’s: mysterious purpose to impose upon man. “Man has stood tha test.” The purpose of evil and calamity she finds to be discipline. In other words, pain is guod for man and suffering Is a blessing in disguise. ‘We are not asked,” says Miss that this is a happy world.. We are asked peacefully to admit that it was not meant to be a happy.one. We are not lured like girls to love our Creator because He treats us indulgently. Weare expected like soldiers to love Him although He treats us sternly. We are required to discover the character- istics of aloving and a faithtul parent in the appearance of a‘severe- and mysterious ruler? Miss Phelps’ answer to the‘question is not new nor original.’ It has been made a thou- sand times, 1t is the only emotional answer that can be made. It is peculiarly the an- swer of woman’s faith. But, all the same, it is a solution of the question, one branch of which man never has accepted, and never will. He will not admit that calamity and. suffer- ing, pestilence and pain, poverty and starva- tion are for his good. He looks upon Nature as his inexorable enemy. She sweeps him off the sinking vessel into the ocean as remorselesly and as pitilesly as she does the rats and vermin in it, and she is as heedless and dumb to his ery for mercy or for life as if she were made of adamant. He ‘Knows that “there is no relenting in the earthquake, the lightning, the tornado, the fire, the famine, the pestilence. He looks uvon their mani- festations as evil to him, not as good, and he struggles against them with all his might, however puny it may be. No matter how long he may live, to youth, middle or old age, by all methods, wise and unwise, which are called “science,” he seeks to avert or es- cape the operations of Nature and the decrees of fate which are said to be for his good, and ifhe cannot avert them he dies fighting them, At is poor consolation to tell @ man that ca- Jamities and annihilations are for his good. Tis experiences, his instincts, his reason, his suffering, his desire to live and to escape mis- ery, tell hini they are not for his good. Itis a fatalistic refuge that everything in him re-, coils against, and not all the assurances that dogmatic faith can offer will ever reconcile him to these evils that chase him like. fantoms of horrible shape from the cradle to the grave, and are not satisfied until they have destroyed him, nor will he ever consent that they are for his good. Prometheus chained to his rock is the universal type of man striggling against the implacable evils of merciless Nature, Sand despite the hopelesness of the odds against him—the immensity, theinetitability, the crushing cruelty of the enemy—he will always keep up the struggle, even to the last mian sinitten down with its relenttess darts, and perishing with the immemorial protest on his lips. ‘The most that man will admit is, that it nay be a part of the system pf the Universal Providence set in uperation for soine general orinserutable purpose by an all-pervading and overruling power, but, whatever may be his faith after death, man will never at heart acknowledge them as “good” for him, but will grimly submit to irresistible fate, be- cause he can’t help himself.. Give him the power to resist the calamities. of life and he would never accept the feminine logic that they were “ blessings in disguise,” nor would his helpmate then try to persuade him to believe it. ARCHEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT. Wonderful discoveries in archieology fol- low each other rapidly, and™at the present rate of advance Oriental excavations will soon place before us the contemporaneous records of the most important events in the world’s history—a sort of autobiography, which vill enable us to sift out what is ru- mor and tradition in history and to verify the accounts we now possess. It is not long since the labors of Brugsch in the vicinity of Thebes brought to the surface the mummies of thirty-one Egyptian monarchs of the line of the Pharaohs, among them Thothmes the Great, who ruled Egypt In the very hight of her power and civilization, and Rameses IL., who was the Pharaoh of the Jewish captivi- ty, though evidently not the Pharaoh who was swallowed up by the Red Sea... Accom- panying them were numerdus historical pa- pyti, statuets, and cartouches and plentiful records on the burial cases. Distinguished scholars will commence the interesting work of deciphering theu: next month, and we may reasonabty anticipate that they will settle vexed questions in Egyptian chronology, throw much light upon the period of the Is- raclitish captivity in Egypt, and furnish val- uable data for establishing the correctness of the Mosaic records in the Old Testament. Prior to Brugsch’s remarkable discovery George Smith, in 1874; discovered several inscribed cylinders and tablets on the site of i Babylon, which were from the libraries of Sennacherib and Assurbanfpal, ‘and which showed that there were still older writings of the Chaldeans behind them. In 1880 an ex- pedition under the charge of Hormuzd Rassam was organized to hunt for them, and it has been successful, Rassam having un- earthed a perfect treasure-trove of relics. containing some; traditions that date before the flood!. Among. his discoveries are .the account books of the great financial officers of the Babylonian Empire, who farmed the public revenues, this ancient syndicate being known as the house of Beni Egibi; fragments of the history of Babylon to the time of the capture of the city. by Cyrus; royal personal records made by Cyrus’and by Alexander the Great, who was consigned so summarily by Hamlet to the bunghole of a beer-barrel; a Tecord of the gardens of King Merodach Caladan, who had sixty-three parks in Baby- lon; and “several inscriptions made -by Nebuchadnezzar himself, which may throw some light upon his bucolic experiences in the grass. Besides the records, Rassam has discov- ered extensive hydraulic works which were used to water the hanging gardens; theruins of the observatory tower of the great temple of Nebo, containing beautiful specimens of vitritied bricks which have always. been a puzzle to the scientists; the ruins of the City of Cutha, containing a temple that was restored by Nebuchadnezza?; another city, not yet identified, ata place known by the Arab’ as the Mounds of Deyr; and still another city which the records showed to be the ancient Sippara. Thes¢ two cities Rassam believes to be the cities of Sepharvaim, mentioned in the Book of Kings., The London Times gives the following interesting particulars con- cerning these two cities: * The first three lines of: the largest of the foundation ‘records bring our speculative thoughts to a focus und centre our minds on tho traditions of one of the most ancient cities of Chuldea: “To the Sun-god, the great lord, dwelling in Bit-Parra, which is within the City of Sippura.” Here, then, we have restored ie ug the ruins and records ofa city whose trai- ditions go back tothe days before tne flood, when pious Xisutbrus,. by. order of his god, “buried in the city of Sippara of the Sun the his- tory of the beginning, progress, and end of all things” antediluvian. And now we recover, twenty-seven centuries after they were ouried, the records or the pious restorers of this ancient temple. Such a discovery as this al- most makes us inclined to dig on in hopes of finding the most anciont records buried there by. the Chaldean Noah. ‘There are many points of history raised by this inscription, but it will gulfice to say that from the earliest days of Babylonian history the city of “Sippara of the Sun” was a prominent cen- tre of social and religious life. The excavations, therefore, at Abu Hubba have restored tous the ruins of the great temple of tne sua-god, “ the House of Light,” in tho Chaldean Hellopolis. ‘The monuments reveal to us the fact that there was @ second City of Sippara, whose rulos are | Yoably marked by the Mounds of Desr, ard Phin was ‘dedicated to the goddess Anat or ‘Anunit, and the two cities of Sippyrt may be identified with the cities of Sephurvaim, men- tioned by the Eicbrew writer ot the Sccond Book of Kings. To the biblical scholar. the discoveries of these cities, Sepharvaim and Cutha, fs a great in, for from them were brought the men of Beptarvitm and the men of Cutha, who were pineea in Samuria by the Assyrian conqueror, gon (If. Kings, xvii 31). ‘Thus slowly the East is yielding up the records of its fascinating story, and learned scholars are reading the contemporaneous accounts of the wonders of Assyria and Egypt, even to the personal records of Pha- raoh, Cyrus, Alexander,. and Nebuchadnez- zar. The field of history covered by the Old Testament isnow slowly coming to view, and we are to have the very statements of the grand personages whose lives and deeds that history commemorates. -To the scholar it opens up a wonderfully faseinatine world of study, and to the Christian it is none the less important as furnishing the data by which to yerify or correct the Scriptures. As Rassam has already'found records of traditions that date before the flood, who knows but that he may find, when all these records are de- ciphered, something that may give himaclew to the records of the Chaldean Noah himself. Isit too much to believe, in these days of wonderful discoveries, that we may yet have the log-book of the Ark itself, with “a full account” of the flood. a “A TOUR ROURD MY GARDEN.” ‘There is much jealousy and envy of those who make the tour of the world. In the- homes of the poor there are many heart- burnings when the ri¢h and the prosperous pack their trunks for long journets. Those who are compelled to stay at home take little thought of the discomtorts and weariness of travel. They contemplate only ore side of the picture—its bright. side, its variety of natural scenery, its round of amusements, its vivid impressions of men and things, its yalue as an educational influence. There is acharming book, written many years ago by the naturalist, Alphonse Karr, whose beneti- cent purpose was to prdduce content in the homes of those who are unable to indulge the universal desire for travel, for change, fornew sights’ and experiences. . Karr one day witnessed the departure for the tour of the world of his neighbor and friend with a deep feeling of envy. ‘The old-fashioned departure of the tourist by “post”? is described—the horses pawing the ground impatiently, the postilion crack- ing his whip, the equipage moving away and disappearing down the road. ' The feeling of envy ot the observer of so much prospective happiness deepens into ill-will. “It ap- peared to me that the only road in the world was that whic you were pursuing, and that you had taken it away with you”-—thus Karr apostrophises the traveler, But this feeling of bitterness against nis friend soon passed saway from the -heart‘of Karr, and he com- plained that his own scanty fortune * would not permit him to see other countries, other men, and other climates,” and thus he be- eame painfully aware of the poverty which had not till then oppressed him. From this mood he was at Jast aroused by the grandeur of the darkening heavens, the softness of the breeze, making music in the trees, and the magnificence of the sunset. Then he re- flected upon the exauisit delicacy of his senses, their capability of contributing to his enjoyment of so much present beauty, and he sank to sleep “filled with pity for those poor rich,” compelled-by a fecling of restlesness to traverse the universe in search ot that happi- ness which springs only from contentment, aquality of the mind, an inspiration of the heart, not an outward condition, It is needless to say that Karr resolves to snake the tour of his garden while his friend fs engaged in making the tour of the world. “What Karr’s friend saw may be found ina thousand books of travel. more or less stu- pid. What the naturalist saw from his cham- ber-window, from his balcony, in the garden- walk, on a rose-bush, in a cherry tree, on the turf under his feet, has robbed manyan hour of weariness, inspired thousands with a feel- ings of content, and invested with a new charm the simple surroundings of home-life. From his window Karr observes and tells the story of “Ihe Loves of the Spiders”— how the male timidly approaches the female, knowing that he is in peril of his life, for if she does not love him she will devour him. “* But if she is insensible, if her hour has not yet come, she nevertheless advances slowly to meet the trembling Hippolytus, who seeks in‘vain to road in her features whether he is to hope or to feur; then, when at a few paces from the amorous youth, she darts upon | . him, seizes him, and eats him!” The naturalist stretches himself at. full length on his back “upon a grassy bank sprinkled with violets beneath a great oak.” Between the branches he catches views of “blue patches of the heavens.” Le “ hears a thousand, noises in the air”; a chaffinen twitters at the summit of the tree; “bees bizz around” him, and soft puffs of flower- scented air stir the leaves, “A grain of groundsel surmounted by a little downy parachute sails over him through the air to go and sow itself at a distance.”’+ Then fol- lows an exquisit dissertation, consisting of fact, poetry, and sentiment, on the habits und Joves of plants and flowers. - Z Again apostrophising his friend at the other side of the world, the naturalist at home exclaims: “Climb mountains, my dear friend,, cross torrents, descend preci- pices, be drawn by horses, asses, mules, rein- deer, caniels, or dogs, according to the coun- tryin which you are. Here au I, returned again to my Oak, once more reclining on the grass, but this time with my face downwards, some tew inches from the ground, and it ap- pears to me not at all unlikely that £ shall be as fortunate as you. in our common ardor in search of that which is new.” “This green Moss,” proceeds the naturalist, “appears to me to be trees, and the insects which wander over its velvet surface assume in my eyes an importance equal to that of the deer and stags of apark.”. How charmingly. he dis- courses on the mold, the mushroom, the moss, the lichen, and the fern, showing thent to possess all the beauties, in- miniature, of the forest of vak, pine, maple, and elm! ‘Then he tells’ the story of the caterpillar which he found dining off a stalk of zround- sel—the story of its progress toward the but- terfly state. of airy gorgeousness. ‘Then, sluggard that he is, lying prone on the grass, He considers theant, “ Ants,” he says, “are marching through the grass as we would auarch through a thick forest; there are for them, between these closely-growing blates, routes, roads, and: foot-paths.” Ie follows them to their subterraneous abode, and tells oftheir business, their loves, their hates, and their fierce batjles,. and, in conclusion, exclaims: “How mAny men there are. who would smile at seeing us looking at ants, and who think that God has His eyes constantly upon them, and passes His eternity in observ- ing what they think-of Him!” ' plants, flowers, bird: would ravish the squl ofan Ais wig last dregs of bitterness, What rile the posta itrallsy exclaims: a Tutt tat must be a singular rest 5 ae love of traveling, and eens sulci thy beings to go to great distances, a : expense, fo see new things with mat taken the trouble to look at tee hatte over their heads, where ag man + ater dinary and unknown things ate eas they can possibly desire to know. - But the railway trains, ang the’shies” the mountain coaches are crown na restless travelers striving to fing ai and the strange. ‘They leave com: ae large apartments with every tata, luxury to live in trunks, to slee, i i chambers. on hard beds, and often tn a gratify an absorbing thirst for chans cite have yet to leary, Dractically, we microscope reveals more ‘curloug than the telescope; that each tees flower, each blade of Grass, is the ee world of animate existences 15 in aes hensible as the more retentions leon, and that the study of their habits, vil a accessible, is not less interesting, rae _—_ Maxcuesten fs the second lar ANCHESTER Is the second largest Great Brittin—that is, by fauieee city ig suburb, Salford, which is only sepaey eu i 5 arated f, it by the width of a sewer. One rom ago Manchester contained but aos Fat When the century ‘opened. ago—tho total wus £300 souls ineey oe 483 im 1861, 441,171; in 1871, 480,460; andin ig 587,741, including Salford.” These fence et only for the districts which are under the City Governments of Manchestey ford, do not actually represent the Poy which centres about Manchester asa Sian sg uring town, for with this considered. are K would be a total of 89000 souls. Nor is all that the figures show. Around Ms ter are many other towns of large tae tance in this way, such as Boltotr, Rochdale tn Stackpole. London City proper, it fs shor 2 only 8,526 people. To get her 4,764,312 piste in the last census it is necessary to include par ishes and suburbs in the Counties of pang Kent, Essex, and'Hertford, whieh lle not me than fifteen miles in a straight Ine from am inz Cross as a centre. Were a similar cite drawn around Manchester, with the Ey for its centre, these. Towns of Bolton, Rochdale, Stackpole, and others, which a centary ago w, mere villages, would come in toswell the ig Jation to nearly 2,000,000 souls. In other ‘Words, the Manchester population would be about thy same under these circumstances that the lation of New York, including Brooklyn sna Jersey City, would be If a circle were drama abuut the city-hail with a radius tfteen miles in Jength. g ‘control of and Set. 4A CORRESPONDENT of the London Time, writing from Berlin, describes.and comments upon the review there by the Emperorof the Guard Corps which garrisons Berlla, Potetsa, and Spandau as follows: The march past was executed twice br all arws; first by the infantry in company fora tion and then in dense columns of regimenta, to the sound of fife ana drum. ered physique of the men, about one-third of whom inay huve been first-year recruits, was good, bat it Was by no means linposing. There was alia certain degree of looseness io the setting upot the men which to the English eye woulda to detract from the idea! character of abadrot troups that form the flower of the mostelficent ' army in Europe. Then, as tw hight, it cer- tainly seemed that nut ‘more than 25 perceatat the infantry cume up to the six-feet sand. ard; though it. is the . commonest: thing io the world to bear the Prussizn. Guards wnt- ten and talked of as being formidably su -to all other troops by reason not oniy of their discipline, but also of their physique. With s copious adaixture of. reserves and Lanawetr men on a war fouting they mizht possibly beso, but as they appeared to-day to the-eye of the impartial observer the best of tnem assurediy did not look ut all equzl to the household troops of Englund. Nothing, however, but praise can be said of their efficiency in drill,as maaifested, atleast, by tho way in which they paseed thé saluting-point to-day. The peculiar way they step out on parade, lifting the foot from the bin instead of the knee. and keeping their eyes, oct to the front, as in England, but fixed on the re viewing cotcmander, as if the perception of of ders were a thing of sigut instead of hearing. all gives an appearance of machine-like precision and rigidity which, though very. artificisl ts very effective E Says the Cincinnati Commercial: ‘There was nevera more striking itlustrationot the ditference betweena brave man anda cowsrd than ithe demeanor of President Garield wnt the wretch Guiteau after they. were Sredou. When the itl-omened assasin sent bis bullet {ate the President’s back, tho wouuded maa balt turned to face bis assullant before be fell There was no thought of fear in his soul theo, nut fora single instant There never bas biea since, from that day to this, though the Pres dent bus looked denth in the ‘eyes dally n0¥ for nearly three mouths. In the midst of pain tat was often torturing, he bas laln day afterdis, calmly waiting the fate in store for him, wbateser it wag to be. ‘This hervic courage, this marel- vus self-control, are what baye Kept bim fon death thus far. On Sundas, the assasio.Gule teat, was shot at aud missed. The bullet didnot even pass very near him. But the cow wretelf was thrown Into a cold sweat of ter The guards who went to bis cell, after the shot. found him huddled in the farthest corner mite ing in fear and screeching for protection. whined and howled like the dog he 1s, and be to be removed to another cull. If anything could make mankind regard Guiteau with more loathing than they do already it would o¢ —— ‘Tire season at Coney Island and Rockaway has been decidedly disapooiating, both to rail roud companies and notel proprietors = season began late—not til after the Fourtdo July—and was not a successful one, evenin the very hottest weather. ‘The hotel men boped {or alate fall, but ft was not vouchsafed them, already cold winds and stormy seus are driving the guests back kome. Rockaway Wis lished especiully to catch Hebrew patno but tho scheme did not work at all, the cits for whose custom a bid was made very senslbly clintng to be singled out from the rest 0! aa, American public as if they were in some) tainted: ————— Tue only stonccutter in the whole world with sufficient check and bardihood to one widow while engaged in the very actof oe ing upon wonumental marble the sirtuesct a late lamented lives in Louisville, Ky. #0! bi name is Benjamin Ferguson. The courshlp advanced more rapidly than the tneripton, fa when the. latter was only balf complet - former cnded in a wedding. The elegise pals now taking the customary journey. Ut Ae stonecutter has agreed to finish te epi ha soon as they return. Apart ot shee Te virtues of the deceased, however, Isto D8 Mi ted, out of consideration for the new hus feelings. ————— buses per Tue first man to expose the al petrated on helpless children io the bart achovls of England was Charles ey present appearances the situation of aa fet churity sebolar is now one of more thao 8 re comfort. Atarecent charity Jubilee, ae space the London papers devote consideral 7 the children in. attendance on the | pe Victuallers* School visited Her Malesty’s ade inn body and witnessed the evening Pere the Ance at that house. ‘This cool 1s aoe best iu England, but from all rasa others of its class are far better than {ne7 ten years age. , a to bis -A Loxe Brancu reporter writes to © paper: | ‘The reading public ennnot havea ust stir. ' ciation of the difficulties a ewSP ED hedrooms spondent encounters to ie Pr and HB fuct, Bliss is always hopefuls ARNOT TG and ss itton will not submit to be Inter ely to Swaim aud Rockwell, one incurs if the daily report is not euthe when the President is having @ is when Swalm, Rockwell &Co.ar¢ "ir oemmal unt. The uccessible bureaus Of ae ate, atier ail bureaye of me fol culated to mislend. thing is. moving well, but when, a so truth only leaks through the roo ceive their reports confidentially Hamilton. It isin his garden at home that Karr en- joys and describes the birth of the new day: “The birds awaken and ‘begin their niorning song. The heavens assume a rosy tint; the gray, clouds become of a clear - Mlac; the " east expands into a’ luminous yel- low; the cherry-trees planted in the west recelve upon” their gray bark a rosy tint, from the rst ray which the sun launches obliquely upon them. There is the star of day! the star of, life, ascending in all his glory and majesty—a vast globe of fire mounting from the horizon.” And there follows a grand panoramic yiew of reviving Crares S. Wotre, leader ote pendent political movement in Peary only 96 years of age, a graduate © coy, Law School in the class with Gen! stature J.Q..A. Brackett. He fs of smal a atk a good: face, cleanly shaven oe 7 mustache, sharp black eyes: bry : spell behind his gold spectacles, am iy Baptist.” * : piished THE Daily American Rachange Pe “o ia New York, says: “It is rare raterests it the proceeds of the sale of ue or cates the Iron Silver Mine, Levi ee te i sf a has made Judge Hilton an es goods business of A. T, Stewart & CO a