Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 7, 1880, Page 9

. ‘THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, FEBRUARY. 7, 1880=SIXTEEN PAGES. TETTERS AND SCIENCE, oirs of Prince Metternich, he Man Who Defeated Napoleon. Lilo of the First American Admiral— France Since the First Empire, ——— The Pastor—“ Manch ”—H'Cosh’s “Bino- tions"—Hughes’ “Manliness of Christ"—Allantic Monthly, arront Magazines—Books Received— oe Literary, Art, and Soientifio Notes, Etc., Etc. MEMOIRS OF PRINCE METTERNICI. ‘The Mustrious Chancellor of the Austrian Emplre, whose Memotrs—or rather 1 portion of whose Memolrs—have recently been pub- ished by his gon, was, among statesmen and diplomatista, the Bismarck of his thine, Forced into diplomacy at an carly age, his promotion cane rapidly enough to have turned tho head of a more ambitious man, For thirty-nine years n Minister, his destro was ta retstablish the old German Empire with an Austrian Emperor, In this he failed, and in fact foresaw and gave the reasons of his failure. Bismarck completed the task hich Metternich had declared Impossible, Asthe Austrian Chancellor was tho gulding nilnd of the vast eumnbinatlons—the projector of the Aliance—which defeated the First Napoleon, so, seventy years later, the Prus- sian Chancellor vanquished and overthrew the Third Napoleon and the Bunnpartist dy- nasty. The work fy the most Smportant con- tribution hitherto made to the history of the most eventful perlod of the Nineteenth Cent- urys tthe two volumes just reeclved comprise the first of the four parts Into which the pa- rs left by Prince Metternich have been al- ylded, The first, from 1703 to 1815, begins with the birth of Metternich, and ends with the Congress of Vienna, The second, from 1816 to 1818, includes a period of general peace, antl ends with the Chancellor's retire- ment from polttieal life, The third, from 1618 to 1850, is n perlod of repose, Insting till the death of the Chancellor. ‘The fourth and hast part will consist of documents‘of a varl- oug nature, arranged according to their sub- feet. ‘The first partis the most interesting, and covers an important pertod In the history of Europe. It will be readily seen that the blographer has assumed a formidable task, To the historian and historienl student the present work will furnish valuable material forn history yet to be written. ‘Che general teader will.find the work a record of the thoughts, motives, plans, and purposes of an accomplished statesman and diplomatist; he will derlye an insight into the mysteries of diplomacy,—see some of the threads that have moved Empires and affected tho vital, Interests of millions; but beyond thls he will find little of interest, . Wo are not sure but that he will be disanpointed atthe Jack of embellishment, the absence of detalls or court-scandals, the dry narrative of facts, Some of the most Suteresting portions of he book have been already quoted in ‘Tne Tuune, It is difficult to outline so massive awork, which ts a. valuable contribution to the Hterature of the day, and morits moro than mero notice, ic * in the explanatory preface, Prince Metter- nich himself qualifies and justly states: what he has dune; aa ue “T Ieave to those who come after me not 9 finished work, but a clew to guide them to the truth of what I intended and what I did’ not intend, Mindful of my duty to tho State, 5 Ihave Inserted In this manuscript nothing belonging to its secrets,—but many things which ought to be Known, and which ought not to remain In obseurity.” It Is a work, as ho says, which fs “but a clew to what :(he] intended,” and Is there fore more jinportant aso life of the Chancel- Jor than ag history; it would require con- stant reference to the archives of the Govern- nen to render It valuable to the historian, and It trents of no “seercts” of State which would explain many obscure movements. Being so inll of Metternich, we are melined to think some of the portraits somewhat unfalrly drawn,—some of the Brent wien of the time underestimated. But these papers throw Night on the processes by which grent results were attained, Metternich was born Jn 1773 at Coblentz; dnaiug wit tutors until 1733, when he went. w the nivergity of Strasburg. “The year I Went there,” “he Siys “the — youthful Napoleon Lanaparis Jind Just loft, “Ue con- cluded his studles In tho’ artiHery regiment quartered at Strasburg. We had the samo professors for nathematies and fencing,—na elreumstanee which was only remembered those tasters when tho ‘ttle artiller uilleer beeame, step by step, a great General, First Consul, and atterwards Emperor, Dur tug iny residence In Strasburg L never heard Als naute mentioned,” When 17 years of age Metternich left the University and attended the coronation of the inperor Leopold, as Master of Coremonles for the Catholle Lmperlal Courts of the West- Phallan Bench, And he montions it asa singular fact, that, although tha son of tho tnperor’s Ambassador, ha hind never yet cen in Austria, From Frankfort he wont tothe University of Muyence to study law. Th 1793 he was present at the coronation of Francia 11. as Roman Emperor; and, Mille he alludes to the Imposing character q the pagent he unfortunately omits all etails or de intton of it, except to say that he opened the ball with the Princess who subsequently became Queen of Prussia. petualng, to Cublentz he wet tha Crowh- ‘thice o| Prussia and the Duke of Bruns- plek, “whoo military reputation was sided on a flattering speech of Frederick Jn 170304 ho visited England, where he game to know “William Fitts Charles Fox, Burke, Sheridan, Lord Grey,’ and the future score IY. In October he wentto Vienna for tho first time, und there “found my parents busy witha project for my mat-* um e" His betrothal to the granddaughter a rine Katinitz took place at Austeriitz In 195, In 1700 he tepresented the Counts of the Westphalian “Collegian at the Con- hare of Rustadt. Of his occupations here “the day was usuall q ly given up to bual-! ed and ihe evening was divided | between talons pe Teereation,” I froquouted those to dhs by preference iu which Iwas sure thay peasant conversation,—convineed ie fish couversution serves to sharpen the oath eorect the judgment and is a i touree of Instruction to those whe know how babii? t from degenerating futo more t ling. + + » Sometines £ walted on repeitberor, who let no opportunity slip of Hipraac hing me with whut he enlted my in- ence, nie day, when Chad been speake nt Ly views on thls subject, ho said to ws \ You live ay Tshoutd be very happy to yg Peve plucel Hold yourself ready for bis orders that is all I expect of you for the Metternich sums up th @ history of Baron Thugut's auuahulstratton a “Austria affatrs conti eetles of miscaleulations, all of which pe buted to support and advance the pre- Us nqeanceot France.” ITlscriticisin strikes ce un fuet, and underrates the talents of an ws a shed diplomatist, Under Count, termite Minister of Foreign Atfalrs, Mfet- as Mi fealty began ha political — life when lulster fo «6 Dresden; and, sn 180) Upon ha atbarts was First Consul, entered Cant clttes Of the oles. Of the Saxon vst. ‘Vel Psy ere Wis ee, and uringed just a ‘ine Jost Aw sti hud lett It io lta successors, “To nilise from this Court alone, one mlyt have Ne et the world was standing etill,”” Hero abit the English Ambasyador, Mr, Elliot, fork ant but gareastle nun, Ie was noted bass of ld specchies, When appalnted Aim- Kin or at Berlin, being only a Afujor, the ing Mas uuch disptensed ‘at his appolut- HUD Feprosoncaouat ue gag Mer ‘eat the English Court. elng uotited ot Lusi's appointinent tn theso The King tins chosen Count Dual, 4 Major in his army, whose name may be known to you from the reputation he gained In tha Seve 4 Yeurs’ War,” Elilot answered praptlys "he King, evidently, could not Hive chosen any one who would have better represented bh.” n 1808 Metternich was transferred to Ber- Vin and ft 1805 went as Austrian Aimbassa- dorte thy. Court of Napoleon. Within a few years war was declared by Austria, Of France at this time Metternich says that it felt the need of repose, and was averse to war, ‘The Genernis wished to enjoy their wealth: “Derthier had a yearly fneome of wore than 1,200,000 franes; Dayoust had property which brought him | iv an income of a million; Munsséna, Angerent, and othors were equally wealthy, ee y The Emperor enjoyed in France that- popularity which wilt be always galned by a ruler who Indws how to hold the relns of power with an equally firm and sicillful aid. . ss Te was a horn conqueror, legislator, and administrator; and he thought he could indulge all, tree inclinations at once, . . . The sentiment of the enormous majority of the nation would have been ene trely with him if he hind confined himself to the duties of government.” OF 'Talleyrand he siys? a “His temperment led him, to destroy, rather than to erente, A priest, his tempern- ment Jed him to irrellglons courses. Of noble birth, he pleaded for the uprooting of his cinss, ‘Under. the Republican rue, he forawore the fenublles under the Enplre, he was constantly Impelled to conspire against. the Emplre; under tho Bourbons, lastly, he Inbored for the overthrow of the legitimate dynasty, To linder any delinit course from being taken—for that Talleyrand was always ready. In the contniny dlreetion I could never discover equal ability.” Fouehé, we are told, had also been a prier’ ‘and had stulned himself in blood ana mire,’ In, July, 1809, Metternich was appointed Minister of Forelgn Affairs, as the suceessor of Count Stadiow; and fn that caprelty rey resented Austria in the Altenburg confer- enees for the negotintion of a treaty of pence, ‘The treaty, n3 1 matter of fact, however, was negotiated at Vienna by Prince Licehten- steln and Count. Champagny, and hns since been known as the Penco of Vienna, “It was,” snys the Minister, “a treaty of pence full of wnworthy artifices, having no founda- tion fn international rights.” Of is dideult sition at this time he says: The Empire Fxtstrian) had lost.all freedom of movement; and the conqueror had done all that Iny in lis power to hinder any future development of strength, bya sveret trticle In the treaty of peace, which Ifuited the maxtinum of the Aus. trian forces to 160,000 men, . . . first question was the preservation of what re- matned of the Austrian Empire. That Napo- Teon, in his lust of power vn the European Continent, had already pverstepped the Him- {ts of tha possible—of this 1 had not the slightest doubt. 1 foresaw that neither he nor hig undertaking would eseape the conse- quences of rashness and extravaganee, The awhen and the how L could not pretend to de- termine.” ‘The next event of importance was the mar- tinge of tho Arelhduchess Muarle Louise to Napoleon. “The proposat of marrioge having been made by seo “Ay soon ag the courier brought me, the news, 1 repalred to the Emperor, ‘Your Majesty,’ sald I, ‘ts here pinceel in a situa ton in which the ruler and father can alone sny Yes or No, One or the other must be spoken by you, fora doubtful or hesitating amswer $8 not posstble,” “The Emperor collected himself for 1 moment, and then asked me what I shold do In his place, ‘There aro eases In the life of States, as with private persons, I an- awered, ‘whena third person is not able to pat Imself in the place of unother on whom ie responsibility of n decision rests, . 6. Your Majesty Is ruler and father; to you alone, it belongs to consider what 1s your uty. wy shall Jeaye the decision In my daugh- ter’s hands,’ erjed the Emperor, warmly; ‘for I will never constrain her; and I destre, be- fore I consult my duty as © monureh, to know what Is her wish In the matter, Pind the Arehduchess, and let me know it whe saystoyou. Iwill not myself speak to her on tho subject, lest tt should seem ag If I wished to Influence her deelsion.’ “Twent at once to the Arehduchess Mario Louise, and laid the matter before her, Tho “Archduchess Istened with her usnal calm- ness, and, after a moment's reficction, asked me, ‘What does my father wish ?” “¢The Emperor,’ I replied, ‘has commis- stoned mv to interrogate your Imperial Tilghness as to your decisjon.in x matter so important for the eatin of your whole life, Do not ask what. the Emperor wishes; tell ine what you wish,’ “*T wish only what it fs my duty to wish,’ answered the Archdneliess, “* Where the in- terestof the Empire is concerned, that ine terest must bo vonsulted, and not my will, Ast my father to consult his duty as a ruler, and te subordinate to that any interests con- nected with my person.’ “ When I reported the result of my mission to the Emperor he said tome; "Lam not surprised at what you tell me from my dnughter, L know she !s tao good for me to expect her to do otherwise... . All my powers are devoted to the welfare of my peo- ple; Lennnot, therefore, hesitute in my de- cision, Send a courier to Parls, and say that Tnccept the offer for the hand of iny daugh- tor, but with the express reservation that on neither side shall any condition be attached to it; these are sacrifices which must not bo contaminated with anything approaching a bargain? “This is the truth with regard to the mar- tinge of Napoleon to the Archduchess Marlo Latise.” In nletter to his wife, Metternich gives an idea of the happy impression made by the inarringe in Vienna: “le fT were the Saylor of the world,’ he wrote, ‘1 could not receive more congratu- Intions nor more homage on the part which itis thought Lmusthavetaken, . 6. ‘The new Empress will please nat. Paris, and ought to plenke, from her goodness, her great sweetness, and simpllelty, Rather plain than handsome in face, she hing a very fine deure, and, when sho Is a little Sarrangeée,’ dressac ete,, she will do Nery well. Phave begged her, us soon as she arrives, to take a daneing- niasters tnd not to dance til sho can do so thoroughly well, She tins a great wish to plensesand with thatdesirepeopledo please.” In 1810 Metternich” aeeompanted Marie Loutse to Parly, and remained there some six months. Napoleon conversed with him freely on all toples. One of hls favorit schemes was tho idea of collecting ull the ar- ehiyes of Europs in Parls. | Returning to Vienna, the Minister devoted his attention to recuperating the exhausted energics of the Eimplee, and to: the reéstablishment of the Counell of State, Inthe Russian campaign Austria remained neutral, and dovoted all her forces to @ preparation for the conflict which was foreseen to be inevitable, which would involve the question of French su- premacy over tha entire Continent, and re uce Euplres to the contitlon of vassals,—or destroy Bonaparte, and restrict France to her former territorial Hilts, ‘The remarkable scene hotween Metternich and Napoleon at Dresden, when tho foriner proposed “armed mediation” or war, as already been ey The ‘TuanuNY. ‘The very The conference at Prag@s proved abortive, owing to the non-particg@ tion of the French representatives, whosucitdentials failed tour. rive, The monarehs of Austria, Russia, and Prussia met at ‘Teplitz, and thera were ar- ranged the bases for the Quadruple Alliance, At Langres, in 18t4,—when Napoleon had been driven from Germany, and the Allied forces were preparing to enter France,-—the Powers agreed to Hh lace a Bourbon on the throne of. France. ‘This nropoaition, mado by Metternich, was carried by hin despite the opposition of Alexander of Russin. Paris eapltuluted in. April, and shortly afterwards n treaty was concluded whereby Napoleon renounced the throne of France, und accepted the sovereignty of tho Island o Elba, Ag ho algned the ruaty containing this last clause, Metternich sald: “2 place myname tou treaty which fn leas than two years will brin us bick neuin tothe battlefield” Metternich inado a mistake of only one year, Metternich recelved news of Napoleon's departure from Elba, Mareh 7, 1815, about 8 in tho morning, In less than’ oy hour the war was deeded on which terminated with Waterloo, “The second Peace of Paris,” he says, “was the complement of the first, and ditterod from it only Jn this: that the Powera desired to give to the country a lesson, by taking away some places on the frontier, by restoring to foreign countries the art-treas- ures selvedt in the wars of the Revolution, by Imposlag a contribution, and by the tempo- rary occupation of some of the departinents, In “order to secure Juternal peace and the safety of the ancient throne of France,” "The utter part of the first volinng contains what Metternich, calls a 7, Ballery of cele brated contemporaries,” In which are por- trayed Nupoleon, Jranels, Alexander 1., and others, and some scenes given.from different portions .of Metternich’s: careor. Of tho Court at Fontainebleau Jn 1807 ho says: > “Tilas Court goniethnes endeavored to go pack: to the old forms, aid sometines re- jected them: as beneath ‘moment. ‘I'he Eanperor hunted forty mis- erable deer which jad been brought: fro; Hanover other ‘parts of Germany fo retill a forest twenty leagues round, because the dignity of tho. the Kings too had their fixed days forliunts He did not really eare for the sport, except for the violent exerelse, which suited his health and, besides, he merely went at fll speed, right awl Jeft, through the forest, without reeulurly following the hant. In this matter he wns the despair of Marshal Berthier, who, ns Master of the Hounds, wished to establish order in his department. The number of horses and equipiwes: being guite insuflelent, no one, except the forelgn Princes, was acinitted tothere parties. Three tines a we there wag a play nt the Court, Tho actory of the Coméddle Francalse received nthousand crowns for ench representation. ‘The other evenings were divided belweenthe Courts of the Queen of Holland. the King of Westphalia, the Grand-Dachess of Berg, and the Princess de 1 The Empress held her Court on Suintlays The diplomatte body was only reeclyed from thine to tne by tho Priuees, and thoy chose for this, the (me when the Emperor was absent. ‘The Seer. taries of State of France nnd of Italy, and the two Ministers for the Exterior mid In- terlor, were established at. Fontaineblean, and keptopen louse for all foreigners, 1b wonld be diMeult to give an idea of the pro- anions expenses of the Court nnd of the Ministers; the chatean had been dilapidated, and the furniture sold—-now atl Is. reqrilred 3 and, While every corner of Paris, and all the principal towne of France, are full of now nikiings, millions are spent for objects of pure luxury or mere faney.* Napoleon gave Metternich his opinion of Chateaubriand: “There are men, and France unhappily abounds in them, who think’ themselves fit for everything, beenuse they haveone quallty or onv talent, Amonst these men ts Chie teatthriand, who Joins the opposition because Iwill not employ hin. This man ts aresson- er Jn the clondy, but gifted with grent dlalee- tle power. If he would use his talent in the Mine inarked out for lim, he might be usefal, But he will not comply with this, and he fs, therefore, zoad for nothing, It jy necessary either to be able to gulde one's self, or tosul- mit to orders, Ho can nelther do one northe other: therefore I cannot employ hin, He hag offered himself to me twenty thnes}: but, as it wagto make me bend to his timagina- tion, which always leads to errors, and not to obey ine, Ddecined his services,—that Is to say, I declined to serve Islin.?” ‘This is a severe criticism on one who boast- ed of his ability to resist: Napoleon's seduct- tive powers, ‘The rest of the volume contatns extracts from Matternich’s letters, and copious notes explanatory of allusions in the text: while the second volume consists solely of Metter: nich’s diplomatic correspondence, notes of conversations, and portions of letters to his famblys ‘There is also an interesting Jetter from Metternich to the Empress Mare Low Ise, telling herof the fate of her lutsband, the Emperor Napoleon, A chronological table nnd a full index lave been added to the American edition, {Memoirs of Princa Metternich: 1773-1815, Edited by Prince Richard | Metternich. ‘Translated by Mrs. Alexander Napier. New ork: Clirles Serlbner’s Sons. ‘Lwo vol- umes, cloth, Price $5.) LIFE OF FARRAGUT. Admiral Farragut won his high rank by hard serylee. He was not the creation of political expediency. Left an orphan in early life, dependent on the kindness of friends for sympathy and support, begining his service under the flag of his country when but 10 years of age, hits clinracter and life are nmong the most notable recorded on the pages of history. There hnye been as Brent, and possibly greater, commanders; but there have been but few men who united in their person the qualities that make heroes with . the traits and characterlstles which mark the Cliristlan gentleman. Ils life fs worthy of study; lls memory deserves to be kept green in the hearts of his countrymen; and the Inrge volume of letters and notes of his netlye Ife, which has just been published, by his son, is sure to attract general notice. In this country, and at this thne, when pub- Ne attention ts being directed to the condl- tion of our navy, the comments and observa- tions of the first American Admiral should recetve, as they,deserve, respectful attention, ‘The work of Mr. Loyall Farragut has been well done... While filial affection ins possibly magnified the importance of some things and underrated that of othars,—has Loen too busy with the central figure to pay much at; tention to othors,—nevertheless there Is less of this tendency than might not tureason- ably have been expected. ‘The story of the adventurous, if not exelting, Hfe is well and faithfully told; aud, wherever It was possible, the father has wisely been permitted to spent for hhnself, Farragut was a keen observer; noting that might any manner become use- ful to him was passed “by ar neglected. Ho was algo sailor from choice, and to the day of his death loved Mis profession ant was master of its mulifarlous detalls, «Hie ob- fained his promotion in every Instance by hard work, He was one of the Inst conneci- ing links between the old navy and the new, He had fought in the ships of onk before the days of steam, when skill and seammuship often wona seafight even against a superior force. He was one of the gillant detenders of the Essex, and surrendered, with that vessel, when his aul ws sinking and on fire. Fomilinr with all oecans and all Jands, educating himself in the hard schoul of experience, he learned to we dorstand human nature and to know men Decatur and Bainbridge, Rodgers, Lawrence, and Porter, were not mere traditions of fight- ing sea-dogs; but he had fought and lived with them, and served under then, ‘Then came tho era of steam, which, ns he himself says, “made great changes”; and he fought the battles of New Orleans, Mo- bile, Vicksburg, and Port Hudson with the new mollye pov ‘The Monitor brought wbout another revolution In naval warfare, and heavy plating, with few but powerfu suns, came Inte play, ‘The defent of the Nterrhuae proved the value of the new sys- tem; tha sinking of the ‘Tecumseh, with the gallant Craven and his 113 heroes, under the very eyes of the Admiral, showed tho vul- neruble points of the “fron cofins. Braye as ao Hons always ready to lead the way; dashing throw.) the fleet to take the lel, when the Brevklyn: hesitated; cheering and encouraging his ‘men to fight while there was a ray of hope, Farragut was also pa- tient, gentle, and tend What rank Farragut would haye taken as acommander in such contests as Panl Jones and NeJson fought, it is linpossible to say, nor fy it perhaps material to show, Ho wis courageous, yet nob rash, and welghed chances before tuking the risk of battle, As wiwateh-ofleer and as oxecutive, he proved Mhnself a skilful and careful uayieator and a thorough seaman. When called to com- inand, he was never found wanting, but was equal to every new chiergeney. In the preatnt work wo flud much that ts new, and, In fact, without which no conpleto Mife of Farragut could haye been written, Charts, maps, pling of battles, Htustratlons, rte, add vilue to the text. In places tho ws of nautical language is perlnps toa tree— the statement mnde too technical for the gen- eral reader, When it is said, for Instance, that in fifteen minutes he did with the “half tops ® whut it had taken other ofttcors three or four hours to accomplish, woe are reully uta logs to understand the yalue of the tni- provement. Dut the incidents of his life wre aithfully narrnted and theaccountof his first Dattle—the fight betweon the Essex and the Enalish ships Cherub and Phabo—is quite tir x. ‘Thetale has been often told, but never, That we now recall, more graphical: than inthe words of Midshipman Farragut then 13 years of age. “fhe moral of Farragut's life is, that suc- cess Is not an aceldent; that the surest way to become greatis by rising to the tap of ‘one's own profession, thoroughly siastering the duties of cach grade as it ty reached, So says the biographer, and the lesson 1y well worth learning, ‘Pho Achuiral’s wholo life was 8 preparation for the brilliant victories won dn an aguremate of less thin six hours ofuetual fighting.” And those six hours brought honor, fame, rank, and wealth, and gave Farragut aright to clain a prominent plice ou the pages of history, (‘The Life of David Gluagow Farragut Embodying His Journal and Letters, By hts son, Loyall Farragut. New York: D. Ap pictan Co. Lol, cloth, 580 pages, Price, FRANCE SINCE TILE FIRST EMPIRE, ‘This {s & posthumous work, by tho lute James Macdonell, n London journallst, edlt- ed by his wife, with achapter added on the present contitfon of the trench Republic, by. Meredith ‘Townsend, Tad the writer lived, the work would probably have recelved con- siderable revision before publication. Pur- {icularly ty this true of tha first chapter, on ‘English Intoreat in French Politics,” which gives In a measure the raison d’dtre of tlie, book. Tho general wish to watch the po- litloal life of France,” it says, “1s partly from the charm of her grand. and tragic history; partly a tribute to the Interest of national calamity; partly from the antictya- -| all which he gave to the publ tion of some new and Kreat change in her history: and partly it te dee fritt of the dull- neas which has scttled in the domeatte paltey of ourown country.” The jules are our own, but we do not belleve that In 1890 any auch reason would have been quoted to ne- count for Engllah interest In French potl+ ties, Few Administrations have been called upon to constler more Jinportant questions. thun that of Lord Beacohafleld, In the opine fon of nats the stability of England's inst! tuUons and fhe miintenance of her Emptre are surlnaly thin Tand, atone, {$11 dom of Parliament for ase krave questions of “domestle potie furnishing men Hike Gladstone, Belsht, and Parnell with wenpons wherewith to, attnek the Government. That." political “excite: ment nntst be sought elvewaere when the domestic affairs of England do not rive above tho sedate respeetlbiity of n select vestry,” sounds ike sarcasny at tho present day. AN nattons have thelr perlods of dull- ness and comparative stagnation. Thit has hardly been the ease In England during the past two years, The book was intended to be “a complete history of the different parties which for centurles In France liave struggled and fought, each onein turn galuing supreme power by trampling the others un und which stil represent politleal Ute and feeling in France, . 4 One chapter only, “Revival of the Legithnist Monarchy,’ has that finish which he over strove should be in tened. Justice to Ire to acvorn|y tux the wis- ution. noe ee MY Tnusband’s tntention was to describe fully the Lexitimist, the Orleanist, the Bonnapartist, nnd tha Republican partles... 0... The chapters devoted to tho Republican purty wert to have been the most fmportant In the book... . The writing of this portion was never even begun. I linve a volume of notes, —all that fs left of countless hours of patient study and consclentions research, » ee This book [Is] a fragment mere L Badly feel, of what it was ment to be"? If this preface ancuratel represents the Intention of the author, and the present vol- ume Isas large ashe intended it to he, he certatnly failed In his expectations, It is not we “couplets history” of any of the great parties; and sven the most finished paper falls far short of heing a eomplete history of the “ Revival of the Legithmist Monarchy. We have a trunk anda few roots, but no branches, Itisn tree, but not a very vigor- ousone. Asa condensed abstract of history, as the work of a n observer, Whose sources of information were general, not special, and who sought fo generalize and te turnlah a rather superficial, but interesting, view of Freneh potities and) parth “ Frinee slice the First Emplre”? commends itself to all rend In other respeets itmukes too great pret fons, Confomporaneous history can- not be entled complete. AL. Macdonell was thriliant. writer, ;an able and falthful four- nallst,and his diferent articles readvery much like cnrefully-prepared essnys, without add- fag to the stovk of Fnowledee alrendy pos- sessed on the subfects treated by those who have inde them ab object of study, (Urranco Since the First Empire, By James Mac- donell, London: Muemillan &Co,. 1 vol, cloth, Price, $1.76.) THY PASTOR, Rishop Bedell of Olio has gathered to- gether his lectures on Pastoral Theology, amplified and revised them, and now pub- Ilshes them under the ttle of “Che Pastor.” 'Yhree conditions are declared to be essential for asuccesstul prosecution of the study of Pastoral Theology; 1. A theoretical knowl- edgeof Theology; 2. An experimental knowl edge of religlon; 3, A degree of practical knowledge of human nature. The study of ‘Theology isina great measure confined to theolugienl students, That the student should be an earnest Christian man, is an axiomic statement, And, as the pastor, rector, or clergyman hag to deal with men— nets ns thelr “preacher, teacher, counselor, cotforter, father, brother, friend,’—a knowl- edge of human nature would also seem to beasine quanon, This yudHieation, how- ever, does not alone belong to students for the ministry, but ought tobe general. It 1s ainitter of regret that a leek of ft should so often be found among those to whorn the Right Reverend gentleman addresses his lectures, Instead ofrequiriig a. ree offi millartty with human nature ” from na would be pustor,—or, os this ‘rather obscure phrase 4s Interpreted, “seme uperience in ite and some funiliarity with ‘hursan unture,”—we should feel inelined to belluve that great fa- milisrity with hunmn nuiture, its wants and needs, ‘temptations and sorrows, lil Hes and surroundings, Is Sbsplutely” ne gery for the student; and tit, as between the two, the suceessful pastor will be the one who has this qualification in the fullest oxtent, and less of the sclunce of ‘Theology than Is companion, Under the three leads of Instruction, Ad- ministration, ad Diselpline, Bishop Bedell detines and illustrates the diferent duties enjolned by the pastoral relation. In the chapter on “* Treaching 7 he enumerates, us toples not to be considered “ proper themes for w Christian sermon”: Speculative ques- tions; geagraphical, geological, astronomical, or histurlual facts; barren truths, political sulci Inere questions of governmental pulley, committed tostutesmen.” ‘The writer vlleves that * ‘The cobbler should stlel to hls ast,? Che book is well written, tho subjects carefully considered and elaborated, and it 1s well qualified to impart Instruction in an im- portant branch of theological study, ‘The Pastor. By Ht-Rev, Gregory T. Bee dell, Philadelphia: J, B. Lippincott & Co, 1 yol,, cloth, Price, = MAUCIL, Tiis is a story of wild borderlife. It is thoronghly unreal It ninkes n powerful appeal to the sympathies of the render, Dram utized, it would be classed as un emotional drama, As anovel, It ls dificult to assign to iba proper classtileation, On the one hand, itis sensations], working constantly to cli- maxes, thrilling in many portions, arousing the sympathies of the reader, and holding Ils attention to the end, On the other hand, the scenes are overwrought, Inagination car- ried tuo far, while the unpleasant features incident to n work of this kind are too prom- inent. Novertheless, we incline to the opin- Jon that Its oxelting nature and the wild life It pletures will win for it a measure of popu- Inrity which the skill of the author renders not whally undeserved, arty Brown, the heroine, Is married at 15 to Nell Grigin. Soon after her marriage a intner from the gold-diggings Is{found inur- dered near. the settlemunt, and ‘sone of his jewelry is In Milly's possession. Iler hus- band is necused of the murder, and appure ently hung for it. She, white delirlus, gives birth toa chitd named Mauch. Mer futher, destroying his home, goes Mast with his datghter, and thors sho marriesn Mr, civery, Returning to the border settlement years after, when it hay become a prosperous elty, the first. husband, who yas hung bu not killed, turns up very Inopportunely; Ko she leaves slvery and goes to Ive with Grigint, changing from wealth and luxury to poverty and hard work, In tine itivshown that atHty's father was the real murderer of th Nell Grigtn loses track of an approaching train; and Milly rojolng Mr. sivery, niirses him i hts (ness, and finally becomes Mrs, Avery again, 1t may bo adiled that Neil Griftie comes very near being hing agecond thud for the murder he did not commit; that Cap'n Brown saves his Ife by confessing the erline, und saves his own neck by cluiming the tight to have been a“ square” one in whieh he sought to revenge wrongs Inilleted on hin by Mar toads qimiens whom he had recognized in 0 tanvelor, ‘This fs only.a meagre outline of the story, hut will serve to give nn idea of the possl- bilities for hurrawlig sceucs, narrow eseapes, and heartrendlag grlefs. ‘Elese ure all dine proved and mite the most of, We should ravdly call Chis a very hhh order of tietitious literature, Dut it requires a certaln degree of ability to fnyent and earry: throw with- out loss of Interest, a story ke © uch? Itisanoxelting novel, reads smoothly, aud tho characters tire clearly drawn, > (Mauch, 3) rainy, E, Bryw. New York: D. Appleton & Co. f yol., clath, Price, $1.50,) TIE EMOTIONS. Works on Psychology ure greatly multi- plied at this day, ‘This is due in large meas- ure to the materialistic tendencles of the uge, Which are developed in systematic os- saults upon the old plitlosophy. Among the spiritual philosophers who are.dolng good service, few occupy so Iiigha place as Dr, James McCosh, of Princeton College, Among hls works omthis general, subject aro Ig 4 Institutions of the Mind,” - Defense of Fundamental Truth;"-and © Christlanity and Positivisin,” We havo now another work from his pon, entiticd “The Eimotions,” whish {3 designed’ to guard jis. readers agalust Materialism as well as-to set the whole subject of the Emotions in a befter light than that In which i has been usually v ewe be writers on Mental Science, He avoids the expression, The Feellngs," ns belng too ambiguons, and as possibly civing oan omivantage ta Materlalists, He prefers the phrase, “I'he Eino- tons,” as imore exnct and less lable to. misconstruction. After an Introductory Analysis of Emotion, he divides hls subject Into three parts, in the first of whieh he con- siders Four Elements In Emotion; in the sec- ond, gives a classification and description of the Emotions; and, in the third, constlers the Complex ¥motlons, The elementa In Emotion, as he views them, are Appetotces: the Idea; Exeltement with Attachment an Repugnance; amt the Organic Affection, Under the generat head of Cinssifieation and Description of the Emotions, he first makes a division of the Emotions; then he looks at thom as directed to animate objects.—regard. Ing them ax retrospective, Immediate, .and prospective, In the thir! place, he views the Emotions as called forth by inanimate ob- ects,—the esthe under the Complex Emotions ho first discusses the Continuous FEmotlons, and secondly Motives Swaying ASSCS, ‘The subject ts treated, to a considerable extent, Inn popular and practical way, Wo cannot say that we think the clnsstfiration and distribution uf topies entirely sntisfac- tory; but those who are familiar with Dr, McCost’s writings will not be disappolnted in thelr expectation of a diserininat mig nd b| 2 exhaustive treatment of the whole subject. It is impossible to go Into any. examination of his diseussions of the munerous points embraced fn this work without exceeding the Innitsof n notice itke this, We com- mend the work to all who are Interested In this departinent of Inquiry, as well worthy of their attention and study. It will reflect further credit upon Its dlstinguished author, (The Emotions, By James McCosh, D.D., 4. D., President of Princeton College, New York: Charles S, Scribner's Sons. Price, $2.) RWB THE “ATLANTIC MONTITLY.” Wo have received the numbers of this ex- cellent American magazine, for 1870, bound In two handsome volumes,—iin ornament, 98 well as n welcome addition, to any library, The tables of contents show sn unustal number of {mposhiyg names, and the various arttetes combine a large amount of cholce Iterature. ‘The old zitlantic ls prosperous, und deservedly sa. nder Mr. Howells? management it has grown in popularity and wlrepety, and now ranks among thy first of 8 Clnss, (The Atlantio Monthly for 1870. Boston: Houghton, Osgood & Ca,) THE MANULIN. OF CHRIST. A useful tnterehange of Christian Mt erature js made from time to time between Great Britain and the United States, A pleasant little volume has just been republish- ed from Good Words by Houghton, Osgood & Co., of Boston, ‘The tite is “The Manliness of Christ.” It’ consists of a serles of papers written by Thomas IMHughes, Q. C., of Lon- don, which were suggested “by the moral wants of boys and young men If connection with a prevalling impression that the methods adopted by certain Christian taborers had tendency to hinder the development of a truly manly character. ‘The author, after distinguishing genuine manliness from mere physteal courage, considers this noble virtue ag {lustrated In the Ife of Christ. The dis- cussion ts good, and adapted to make-n salutary impression on the minds of young inen. We cannot percelve in the style of It, however, such attractiveness as its purpose seemed to require. Books of this general character are needed in these days of ephemeral literature. ‘They ought to be at- tentively read by the boys and young men of this cotintry as well os England, We append two or three paragraphs from the closing part of an address by Mr, Uughes, which formssthe “Conclusion” of the volute before us: “T must bring these remarks to an end and yet have only been able to touch, anc that very Nightly, the fringe of 0 great sub- ject, Jum sure many of you have felt this; and I shall be surprised if some amongst you are not already listening to mo with a shade of Jenlonsy in your iinds, which might formulate Itself somehow, perhaps thug: Ts this talk nbout idealism quite strudghtfor- ward? Haven't we heard all this before? Self-tenial, siinplicity of Ife, courage, and the rest, are they not the frullts of Chris- tiunity as we have been taught It?’ “'To which I um glad to -reply from my heart, Truly; so it Is. Rem seu tetigestl Christ fs, ludeed, the great Idea “Be ye perfects your ‘Father in Heaven {5 perfect,’ is the ideal He sets before us,—the only one which 1s, perfect and ail-sufictug., § But my object has been to get you to- night, look at the faets of your own experiens and, as} have sid already, the youngest hus sonic experienes In these deep inatters,—without conneeting them for the moment with any form of religion, “Supposing the whole Bible, every trace of Christendom, to disappeur to-morrow, the sime thing would, nevertheless, be occurring to you, and me, and every man. We should each of us stilt be consclous of 0 presence, which we are quite sure is not ourself, In the deopest recesses of our own heart, communing with us there, and calling us to take up our twofold birthright as man,—tho mastery over visible things, and, above ull, the mastery over our own bodies, actlons, thoughts,—and the power, always growing, of this mysterlous communion with the Invisible, “It fs, therefore, that I have cbstalned from the use of rellglous phraseology,—be- Neving that, apart altogether from the Christian revelation, the Ideallst will, and must always renin, nearest to the Invisible world, and therefore most powerful is this visible ane.’ (The MantIness of Christ. By Thomas Hughes, Q. C., author of “Tom Brown's Sehool-Days,” ete. Boston: Houghton, Ge- gooil d& Co, 1888.) WP, : MAGAZINES, The Sanitarian conthiues Its publication of tho proceedings of the American Meulth Association, glving In extense the different papers read there, ‘Therenre also other short urtieles, on “Memphis Drinking-Water;. “Soll-Dralnage in the Viclulty of Suavan- nah”; “UHnrd ‘Times,” ete, ete. Tho slncrican Naturalist for February contains articles on “Observations upon tho Mubits, Structure, and Development of Am- phioxus Lancoolatus”; A Sketch of Com- parative Embryology”; “The Conyolution of the Trachea {n the Sandhill and. Whooping Cranes”; “The Development of Molina, ate, ote, The Afagaetie of sirt for January eon- tains artleles on; “Our Living Artists: Mac. cus Stone’; Kavorlt Sketching-Grownds: velly”: “Rubens? Homnagu te Ceres"; “Wood-lngraving”; “ Taltan Monumental Soulptare™ & Antolity Merz”; * Decorative Art”; “Pletares tv ‘Trains; Bathers Alarmed’; Artiste [ran-Work "5. "St. Mark’s, Venice”; “Pictures of the Year— Dudley Gallery.” The Library Maqazine, published by the Awerlean Book Exchange, has selected tho following artleles for its Fobruary number; “Landlords and Land Laws"; “Justinian; “Herbert Spencer onthe Data of Ethics’; “Tho Character and Writhngs of Cyrus the Great"; Health at Home 4%: “Colorado; “Nolected MSS"; Iundel”?; “Russian Nihilism”; *Servautes’ Voyage to Parnas sus’: Phedea aml Phoedre; “Ol-Fash- foned Gardening”; ' Prayer Among All Na- Hons"; An Antiquary’s Ghost-Story,”” ‘The Victorlan Revicw comes all the way frour Melbourne, Austratla, tis a new Ine stitution, and, judging from tts tirst number, deserves success. Its contents for tho No- vember munber are: "Tho Plébisclte; A Last Word on the Edueation Question”; “Berryisin: Its Rise aud Progress”; Fie nunee and Finality™: “Civillzition Without Delusion’; A Coming Citizen of | the World"; *rhe Victorinn Taritl"; “The Squatting Leuses"; “WHI tho Anglo-Au- traltan Race Degenerate?) Wool and Woolen Industries of tha United States?; “A Bad Bargain” We have recelved the second volume of Lo Misco sirtixthjue et Litteralre tor 1879, This faa weekly Mlustrated art publication, issued in Paris, and 9 sister of the famous journal, L'irt. ‘The present number appears to bo mainly devoted to criticism, notice, and illustration of tho Salon of 1870, ‘Phe woud cuts are Stuitrably exceuted, and the volume forma un interesting and valuable souvenir of the works exhibited tn Paris lust year, ‘There are alsa many other illustrations of worksof the old masters, ‘tne summary of art-nows at the close of each weekly puniber ise quod feature of this publication. petted se LITERARY NOTES, * The Royal Museum of Leiden, as reported by Dr. H, Schlegel, the Director, contalns, not reckonlug duplicates, 7,000 mammals, elum Just dertaking of M. du Lesseps. ‘Thowritersigns himself “Surmuay,” and say: 50,000 birds, 2,900 skeletons, and 4,00 skulla, It has one collector In Madagascar and two In West Africa, The .Cathotte World denies the statement of the lion, John Jny to the effect that the late Pope acknowledged the independence of the Southern Confederacy and recelyed Sts envoys. It Is sald that Turgénteff has been forbid- den by the authorities from carrying out a pian ho had formed of spending the winter in Russia for the purpose of studying up the present situation, publish The Clarendon Press Is about to the “ Leofric Missal,” one of the MS, treas- ures in the Bodlolan Library, and one of the few surviving specimens of the liturgy of the old Anglo-Saxon Chureh, Jeremiah Champlin, of Boston, has in preparation a work on “The Life and Times of Galen,”—a remarkable man, whose char- neter and career tleserves a mora thorough treatment than it has yet received. Gen, Badeau ts mnking rapld progress with the Panelnitliy volume of the * Life of Gon, Grant,” of which the first voluine Appeared some years ago. ‘The two volumes to com- plete the work will soon be published. The word “ mask," according to Prof. Skeats, should rather be * ninasker,”. which Is actually the fornt used by Sir Thomas More. tis of Moorish origin, being derived through the French and Spanish from the ‘Arabic “maskhardt,” a buifuen, jest, unummer, or masquerader, Charlotte Lronté’s story, The Professor,” was completed befare “Jane Eyre” was commenced, and was declined by varlous, publishers. Jt was not published until after the author's deaths hut “jane Eyre’? was at once accepted and published by Messrs. Smith & Elder (1817), Mrs. Oliphant is probably the most prolific of living writers. Within the Jast three years se has published five or six works,—several of them being three-voliune noy in nite ton to editing the “Foreign Classles for Ene glish Readers.” She ty now writing anew novel with Scotch seenes and characters, A paper on ! The Disadvantages of City Boys,” by the Rey. Washington Gladden, of Springfeld, Masg,. 1s announced for an carly number of St. Nichalaa. ‘The article is snitt fo be based on persatiat statistics gathered from a hundred prominent business men concerning thelr surroundings, linbits of Hfe, ete,, during boyhood. Tha announcement is made by Roberts Bros., of Boston, that they-have bi preparn- tion an edition in two volumes of thé “Diary D’Arblay,” prepared by Sarah CG, and that they will issue itin style unfforin: with Miss Woulsey’s recently pub- lished edition of the * Autoblography and Cor- respondence of Mrs, Delaney.” ‘The editors of the American Naturaliat complain that during the past season little or no gvologieal exploration has been carried on in tha Western ‘Territories, Sinali partles, they sae were sent to Leadville and the Eu- reka m ese the Comstock lodes, nnd the Cal- ffornia gold-fields; but apparently no general geologicul exploration atall has been done, The late Hon. Richard Frothingham was widely known as a writer upon historical subjects, Among his published works ure: “ History of Charlestown; ” “ Ulstory of the Siege of Boston, and of the Battles of Lex- ington, Concord, and Banker Hilly’? “ Ace count of Bunker Till Monument,” Life of Gen. Jgsouh Warren;” and * Rise of the Re- pubiie.’ The most Important book published tn Bel- dene is “Le Sitcle des Arte- velde,’? by M. Léon Vanderkindere, Profes- sor nt the University of Brussels. It isa study of the moral and political elvilization of Flanders and Brabant during the Four- teenth Century, and is regarded ns the most, able work which has appeared in Belgium for many years, li an article on “The Youth of Mme, Necker,” the current Revue des Deus Monddcs gives a romantic account of the fut- ure Mine, Necker’s love-atfatr with Gibbon, the historian, Extracts are printed from some long and Anpublishel letters, which show, It is said, that Gibbon's memory, when he wrote his “Memoirs,” was not ‘exuctly true to him on, sil the points, ‘The well-known German pewannpen the Hamburger Correspondent, will. shortly complete Its hundredth yenr of life. In celebration of the occaston the proprietors Will Ixsue somo curlosities connected with it; among other things, n facsimile of the paper as Jt was printed during Davoust’s oceupa- tion of the elty, when he caused It to be printed In green characters because his eyes Were too weak to bear black, Prof, Chadbourne, of Willlams College, Massachusetts, says the Academy, is engaged In preparing and collecting the muatertal for 9 work on“ ‘The Weulth of the United States.” Tt will be Wustrated at erent cost, and will be published shnultancously in four Jan- guages euelah, Freneh, German, and Spanish, The expenses atlending the pro: duction of the work, which are estinmted at £10,000 sterling, will be met by an association spectally organized to promote the scheme, G. P. Putnam's Sons announce for early publication a work entitled “The Inter- oceanic Canal and the Monroe Doctrine” It Js anid to be n treatise presenting in conelse but comprehensive form the historical record of the various plans for a canal ncross the Isthinus, and showing the responsibilities of the people and the Government of the United States In regard to any such enterprise, and especially in connection with the present wn- BOOKS RECEIVED. Cyprus As 1 Saw Ir in 1870, Ly Sir Samuel Bakor, Now York: MuoMikin & Co, 1 voly cloth, Price, $3.50. Usita, By * Oulda."” Tout Worx, By Anne Elia. Seavide Library, No, ui. Now York: George Munro, Reyuration or DAnwinisu. By FT, Warren "Ne Phitadelphia; J, 1. Lippincott & Co, 1 vol, eloth, Price, $2.60, MuusTnaTioNs OF THR Histony or Arr, Series IV.—Tho Industrial Arts. Boston; Prong & Co. Price, $1.75. ‘Vue Pittosorny or Ant: Bolng the Second Part of Hegel's Austhotlk, By William MM, Bryant, New York: Apploton & Co, ART. AMERICAN PAINTERS. Anartlelo In Le Musce Artistique, under the above title, contains somo just eritictsins on American art and artists, and we have therefore translated such portions of It as seem to bo of especial Interest, It Is aecom- panied by two.ilustrations, one, entitled “ Cérise,” by Mr, Hamilton, and the other, “The Cumman Sibyl,’ by Ellhu Vedder, “It is as Interesting to watch the first steps of anntion as It fs to follow those of aman, We are curlous to see how the artistic move- ment will develop in our sister-Republic of the United States, Nor is it mera {dle sent!- ment that turns our thoughts in that direc- tion, Europe grows old; she has been a great producer, and ling justly won great fume; but for that very reason she has ac quired a certain settled form and style In ort, from whieh its dificult for her to free her- self. Wohave but little originality; what we have Js not daring; we cling too closely to the circle formed by our celebrated an- ceators. ‘The samme cradle of art is common to all Europe; we have all lighted our torches at tho firesides of the Itallun masters, Weought therefore to wish for a change, a renowal of youth; and what more natural than to look for It in an intelligent peuple free fron all fotters of the Past, and ted with an uncommon spirit of Independence, of free examination, aml of courage, “Birger looked to the Americnus to renew art, and the opinion of Birger is worth some Ching $n such matters. Vossibly bey (the Americans) have nn exaggerated iden of thelr superiority; they belluve themsclves to bo tho first nation in the world, and called upon tg play a great rolein the Future, ‘They (lsitke’ Imitation, and are creators rather than copyiste, ‘Tholr pdlitleal Institutions prove this, ‘Thesu are the right conditions to sthnulate orlginatity. But they have ong great drawback: thoy are ulinost compelled to cone to ie to Tearh thelr trade, If thoy learned noting else, it would be all right; nt, dn entering a studio, one does not always give blinself up entirely tothe brush,—lt re quires an especially energetic temperament to avold obtalning other lessons in the mane ner of sooing, feeling, and translating uiost prevalent there, On! to speak, Wierefure, of what we way In fho Exposition: if Mr, Tittany, with Ils Duane Street, near Wille fam’; Wyatt Baton, with his ‘ Harvest- ersat Rest’; Mv, Arthur Quartley, with his * Mourning in the Port uf New York’; Wins- low Hower, wiih his ‘Sunday Morning in Virgiula,'—it al] thesu artists are true Aimer Jeans, how many others, haylng Just thelr originality both of country and of race, 5° hays become, I will not i French ' but Paristan. Thus, although — Mr Hamilton may ba registered —_ fron Piiindelphia, looking at nis” Cérlse! Lenn not help elloving that he has lived foro long tine in the neighborhood of Breda street. ‘The fraglta crenture Is well painted, butIcan hardly helieva she_was born in notonty French in sisle, but 4h eholge ae rench In sty! nt in choles o nubjectss while Shiriaw’ and Shade follow German school, 3 , "We belleve the time will come when somo man will say to American artists: ‘Be the artlats of our own land; keep us posted as to what is going on there; cross the ocean oc- castonally; ut let us preserve our independ: ence, our mdlyidualliy-~palntboldly ane free: ly the customs and locniities of our blessed country, fatlonsing the example of our great | noels and noyellsts; Iet us be the palnters of our thine, and of our rich valleys; fet ug ex: press what we see and what we feel, and not exhaust ourselyes in barren tinitatlon.’ From * the day when man of talent and of will apeaks as we have spoken, the American sclivol will be founded: and ‘who cin fore- tell the part it will playin the history ofart © — ART NOTES, The competition that was held fately In Paris for an allegorical bust of the Republic produced such unsatisfactovy results that no prize was awarded, ‘The Muntelpal Council will probably open a fresh competition. Mr. A.F. Bellows has palnted an Ideal coniposition, * Eyes to the Blind,"—a pleas: ant young fellow seated in a chair with a violin in his Inp. Behind him stands his wife (or other friend), looking out from the yeranda across the sea. She ls eyes to the biInd—and brizht eyes too, 4 ‘The reconstruction of the Hotel de Vill Parls, has been pushed so far forward. thal the windows on the side of the Rue de Rivoli are nearly finfyhed; the fagades of the inte- ror court have reached the third story, It is expected that the whole of the building opern- tions willbe completed during the year 188k, Denver wants to know why it) should thot bea Ditsseldorf, There are professional art- ists and amateur artists in Denver, an“ Art Reading Club? a Loan 3 hibition, and “Decorative Art Rooms,” Denver papers publish the usual {lems of the work under: taken and finished by artists, quite, In the atte of New York, Noston, snd Chicago allies, A somewhat curious sale fs announced to take place In Parts this month. It consists of about 4,000 paintings, drawings, ete., of various descriptions that have been exectited by pupils under Government: instructiun, Among these are, doubtless, many worly by well-known painters of the days but, ag none of them nre signed, it ls dificult to identify them. ‘The Government sells the whole in different lots, SCIENCE, A COLLECTION OF SKULLS. The British Royal College of Surgeons contains probably the most valuable collec ton of skulls In the world, Over 1,800 speci: mens make up the series, says tho hen: wum; and, of necessity, since ft has been colected and selected by 9 well-known ou- thority, ft Includes skulls and skeletons of great rarity, fllustrating the osteology of almost, or quite, extinct races, and of sec- tons of mantind living in secluded and_al- most unexplored reglons of the earth. Per haps the gems of the series are tho entire skeleton and a set of akulls of the Ainos of Yesso,—a mee of short men differing from tho Japunese by their hairy faces. Britons, Anglo-Romans, Anglo-Saxons, Orcadlans, and Irish are well represented; and we must especially note the richness of the series of skulls of the aborigines of India, as well ng of ‘trie Hindus. ‘This depart- ment includes the skull of a Juang, tha most prhfitive tribe of all India, a small: mice; two eranin of Khonds from Chetter- pore, who were executed for celebrating hue juan sacrifices; one skull of a young Ghnsee woman, from Orissa, race notorious for; their very low standard of morality; and skulls of tho Coles and Gonds, two other ab- Jectlonable peoples, who live {n the country? near Nugpore, go about cutlrely naked, and; fare very savage, Tho ernnia of the curioy litle aborigines of Ceylon (Vedahs) are yer} numerous In this collection; and we also find’ series representing the Khas of Nepal, the Lhopas and Lhutens of Bhutan, the Lepehas, and Bodpas of Sikhu, tho Hodes of ‘the Ternl; and of the Asya races are skulls of' Mishmees, Singphos, Nugas, and of u- Munipooree woman, 2 fair specimon of & Mongolold race, where the ladies are tall in stutitre und inascullne’ in habits. The Burmese and Stamese races are well represented, Afrieuny, Amerleans, and Polynesians aro also fotnd In great force in this collection, ‘There nre wv large munber Ulustrating the extinet: Tasmanians; and there are severnl dozen skulls of the amiable Kannkas of the Sandwich Islands, a pleasant ree, ecariline. to the authors of "South Sea Bubbles,” bit, although Teal amen ble to elvilizntion, they are rapldly becomin, fewer, owing to consumption, fevers, an alcohol, The large group of cranta of ex- isting tribes of South-American Indians will look welt beside tho hundred speciuens of wiglent Peruvian skulls presented to. the College in 1873 by the Anthropological In atiinte, . TYPNOID-FEVER, Typhold-fever ts, of all disenses, pretmb nently wn fl disense, traceable with as much vertainty as firq from smoke, Wher ever It exist tt points unequivocally to wn removed filth; and ts a disease, therefore, ul together and wholly preventable by proper yunitary measures, Notwlthstandlug, dur ing the census year of 1870, there were, in the Uulted States, 22,187 preventable deaths from typhold-fever. But, had there been the sume. ratlo to the total population of the United States as In Pitladelphin during Centennlal” year, the mortality from thiy cause would , have been over 87,000, And this was far, frum being all, as remurds Philadelphia, All over the country fatal eases of typhold-fever, and other disenses nearly aljled to it, were attributable to the Centennial visltation,— the neglected drainage, erlinjual Insufielency of water-closets, an bad phuinbing, ‘Thess conditions, | 80° prouituentty manifest at the Centennfal, and nyparent y to an extraor- dunary degree in Philadelphia even pee ag judged by the prevalence of typhold-fever, nre, of all causes of mortality, the most erlintnal, beeuusy the most easily prevent+ uble, niversal experlence attests thut water-closeta inadequately provided with means for speedy and complete cleanslug and aeration are proiitic sources of typhold- fever and kindred affections in_all temperate latitudes, and, with brovalling Wah temper ature and molsture, of the atl more deadly disease, yellow-fover. And all tha iore dangerous nre_ these conditions because they are not infrequently the means of spreading that disense to distant pisces: Tho exixtgnes of typhold-fever or allied disenses in any pluce_ is prima-facie evidence of Slthy sur roundings,—Sanuarlan, —- RAINYALLS AND FORESTS, According toa paper in Polybibtion, the following are the inws of meteorology ns af- fected by forests: 1. It rains more abundant ly, under identical elrcumstances, over for- ests than non-wooded ground, and most abundantly over forests with trees in a green condition, 9, The degree of saturation of the alr by molsturo ls greater above forests than « over non-wooded ground, and much greater over Pinus sylvestris than over masses ‘of leaved species, 8, ‘The Ieafage and branches: of leafed trees intercept one-third, and those ae roulhoud trees tho half, of @ rain-water, to the atmosphere by ovaporation,, On the other hand, these same leaves and. branches * restrain the evaporation of the water which reaches the ground; and that evaporation 1s noarly four Hines less uncer a mings of fenfod, forest than in the open, and two and one third thnes only under a imass of pines, 4, Tho laws of the change of temperature out of and under woot arg stinilar to those which result from the observations of ML. Mathleu, | ‘The general conclusion seems to be, that forests regulate the function of water, and exereise on the temperatures, aa on the ative spores ¢ an effect of “ ponderation” and equ ANEW GAME. - ‘Tho Nature sayy that M. E. Lavaaseur has invented an amusing and listructive gvo- © graphical gamo called "Tour du Monde.” It{s played on 9 large terrestrial globe di- vidod into 282 spherical rectangles, cach of which hag a numbergorresponding to a unr bey on a tat indicating gains ur loxses, in ao- sitet is uslonga, ‘Tho gate ts. playen wl ie! jon, Phe gaine layud wlth aghtecn fags, corresponding to tho Principal wlich afterwards returns.” f j ) ? \ if : |