Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, February 7, 1880, Page 4

The Tribune, TERMS OF SURSCHIPTION. HY MAMN--IN ADVANCE—YOSTAGE PREPAID, Pav editions one sect. Parts of & year, ‘Tucsday, "ch radar and Rats 6.00 Pandey, Wednesday, and Frida: 0.00 iatuntay of Htinday, 16-pnue editio 2.50 Any other day, per yenr., Specimen copios sent Give Post-Omico address In full, Inclading Stato and County. Remittances may be mado elther by draft, express, J'ost-Onice ordor, or In registerod tettor, at our tisk, ‘TO CITY sULSCRINERS, + Dally, delivarod, Sunday excopted, 26 cents per Wook, Dany, dollyorod, Sunday inohudad, 20 conta por week. | Address TUE TRINUNE COMPANY, Corner Madison and Donrborn-sta,, Chicago, It, —— POSTAGE. Entered at the Post-cfice at Chteago, Ml, as Seconds Class Matter, For tho bonent of our patrons who dosire to sond . Mnate coplos of THR THINCNE through the mall, wo give horowith the translont rnto of pontag Domestte, Flents pad walvo Pago Yapur. ae eee ener eorcione Bight and Twolve Bixtean Pago Vapor TRIBUNE BRAN OFrFICkKs. ‘THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE bas established branch ‘ofices for the receipt of subscriptions and advertise ments as follows: NEW YORK—Itoom 29 Tribune Bullding. FT. Mo+ , FADDEN, Mannger. PARIS, France.—No, HH. Mantrn, Agent. LONDON, Eng—Amorlean Exchange, 49 Blrand, Henny ¥. Gitta, Agent. WASHINGTON, D. Tuo de to Grange-Batolara. 9 F street. AMUSEAL MeVicker's Thentre, Madison strect, between Doarborn and State, En- Baxomentof Mr, Gus Williams, “Our German Son- ator.” Afternvon and evening. Maverly's Thentre. Dearborn streut, cornor of Monroe. Engagment of * Mr, Maurice Grau's Fronch, Opera Company. After~ noon, “1a Fille de Sime. Augot.” Evening, “ Glrote= Girotta.”" Wooley's Theatre. Randolph streot, between Clurk und LaSalle. En- » gagementof Miss Dickto Lingard. "Les Fourchame . bau” Afternoon ond ovoning, Olympte 'Theatre. Clark street, botween Itandolph and Lake, Engaga- ment of George Lonrock. “Philip Gordon, Miner.” Afternoon and evening, Momttn'« Theatre. Clark stroot, between Washington and Randolph. Engagement of Mr. Frank Chunfrau. "Kit, tho Are kansua Travoler.” Aftornoon and oventng. SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1880, Tue Cabluet has confirmed the finding of the Military Court of Inquiry In tho Inst * case ngalust Reno, wherein the sentence was dismissal from the army, Ting State Board of Health has been stir ting up the “ specialist” quacks of Chicago, "and prior to adjourning yesterday, evoked the certiflentes of three of these so-called .. “Doctors.” ——— .. Ick to the thickness of about ten Inches ts ‘to be had on Lake Geneva, and 100 car-luads per day are being shipped to Chicago, it being the intention of the Company engaged - 4ntho work to forward to this elty by rall a total of 50,000,000 pounds of ice. Tho pros- pect for the wherewithal to cool our Juleps noxt summer Is not so bad after all. —— es Ir Is estimated that 1,900,000 tons of fron ore will be shipped from Escanaba and Mar quette during the coming season. Vessol charters are in grent demand at largoly- Jncrensed rates for freight, $3 per ton belng freely offered; go that between the iron ore of Lake Superior and the enormous ‘stocks of grain in store at Chicago and Milwaukee the vessel-owners aro in a fair way to enjoy a very prosperous year, fe A MovEMENT iy on foot In New York City to erect a monument to mark the spot where Gcorge Washington firat took the oath of of- fice ns President of the United States and in- . augurated the Governinent of the now Re- public under the Federal Constitution... The +. United States Sub-Treasury now occuples 1 the historle spot, and it ls proposed to com- memorate the event by tho erection on the “> eastern and western buttresses of the build- is ing of two colossal bronzo* groups,—ono group representing George Washington and Robert R. Livingston, and the other Alox- ; ° ander Hatnilton and De Witt Clinton. The 2» cost ls estimated nt $50,000, . Punto sentiment tu New York has bech ' greatly shocked at the system of esplonage adopted by the Society for the Prevention of « Crime in that city, The plan of the Society has been to station detectlyes at points where they could make a itst of the names of: por- ;) Bons patrontzing dlareputable resorts, such { ag gambling-houses, drinking-sntoons, houses .: of ill-fame, ete, ‘Ihe Society denies that its » {utention fs to hold this list in terror over tha 4 heads of the respectable citizens by whose patronage these dens of fntquity thrive,’ declaring Itsonly purpose tobe thosecuring of witnesses to testify against thesa places ' when proceedings In court ure begun against them. But the prospect of publicity through ** being called as a witness fy not go entlelng to the average Nuw-Yorker as to reconelle him ! to the scheme, and the detective bureau Is to ‘be abandoned. ————— Tinens {s un apple of discord in the Conn- scls of Georgl’s Iepresentatives in Con- gress, and It fy a colored apple. Tha trouble grows out of the appointment of an Ameri- can citizen of African descent, Stm- mons by name, as’ one of the Cen- sus Supervisors of Georgia Tho appoint- ., Nent Is sustalned and approved by the Fi ; Judependent Democrats In the House, ; Messrs, Stephens and Felton, and vigorously oppused by Senators Jill and Gordon and ad the ‘rest of the stralgltout Demo- As, erntie delegation, ‘Tho objections urged ’ ugalnst tho confirmation of Simmons ; Bre not on the score of incompetency (a or bad character, but are on account yz of disrespectful Ianguage regarding Scces- slonists and Rebels alleged to have been used by Shinmons in his application to the , President for appolntment, It Is dented, ¥ however, that the objectionable terms in & : auestion were used by tho applicant, and tho y Georgia delegation remains at loggorhends 4 on the question of his confirmation, —————— ‘ 7 8ecin to have learned some of the lessons of if the oxtra seaslon, at least to the extent of al- Sy Jowing themselves to be restralned by the i: prudent counsels of Northern Democrats, A rg ease in polnt occurred yesterday, when, In i convection with a bill to remove tho political } disabilities of John Owen, of Virginia, Mr, ¥' Conger, of Michigan, made some forelble ‘a comments on the Increasing tendency In » legtslation of this character to smooth over and conceal ag far as possible the fact tint the applicants for the removal of disabilities had been traitors and Rebels, : ‘Three ex-Confederates sprang to their foet to “repel with scorn,” et¢,, and there was an { excellent opening for some of the ‘inju- ‘Tire Confederate Belgadiers In Congress ,7 dictous uerances ” the frults whereof were visthlo in the November elections; but Fer- PRS Spenker’s ready recognition, arose and ob- Jecterl to a continuation of the discussion on the ground that it was “unwise and unprofit- ablo,” and the throntencd volume of wpologies for treason was for the time averted. ————__—— In the local columns of Tig Trmune yes torday appearell this item: “At tho [secrot] mecting of Western paper manufacturers held in this clty Wednesday it Waa rosolyed to advance tho prico of print onc. half to throe-fourtha of a cent per pound. This inerenso in prico is pretended to be owing to the duty on soda-ash and othor chemicals used in its manufacture.” We look in vain, however, for any memo- rlat to Congress to pince soda-nsh and othor chemicals on the free list in order to stop the necesulty (2) of meeting every fortnight to advance: the price of printing-paper. It Is the duty of Congress, however, to take the duty off to stop the pretense for tho con- {inual ineroaso in the price of papor which the combination {s making. What are tho three Chiengo members doing to promote the repeal of tho duty on soda-ash and other bleaching chemicals? Whatare they doing to help the passage of Col, Fort’s bill redite- ing the duty on paper to 5 percent? So far ag we can sce thoy havo not stirred or lifted a finger to remove the tax on knowledge or eheapen the manufacture of paper. They. seem to be perfectly apathetic and indlifer- ent. Meantime the mombers of the paper. making combination are chuckling that they will linve paper forced up ta 13 cents a pound before the Ist of May, or 100 per cent advance In elght months, Tne subjolned Washington dispatch to the Evening Journal of this city, following upon other informntion that has been pub- Ushed during the last few weeks, makes it pretty certain that Secretary Sherman {3 using the Government patronage to further his personal ambition: “Wasuinaton, D. C. Feb. &.—Tho chargo thnt Scerctary Sherman is using tho patroungo of tho Treasury Department to furthor his can- didacy for tho Presidency has attracted # good dent of attention and no little comment among Benntors. One of the most prominent Western Republican Senators sald to your correspondont that he had gonu tu considerable trouble to get at tho truth of thoso storics, and hols forced re- luctantly to admit that thoy were well founded, Ho thought it was a remarkable spectacle that threo of the most prominent officials in tho ‘Treasury Department were engaged at this tine trying to use the Intluenco of the Dopartment to ald thom in thoir struyglo to secure higher omices, Sceretary Sherman {s trying to get tho Republican nomination for President, and {8 np- polnting onty Southern men to office in his De- partment at thiatime., Sovernt Northern Senu- tors: have tricd in vain to obtuin appointments sinow the canvass for the Presidential delegates ‘began in tho South,” df Secretary Sherman has supposed that he could pursue any such policy without the fact becoming known, he lins probably dis- covered his mistake by this time. Ifhe now supposes that he, may continue with the pub- lic knowledge to, manipulate the patronage of his own Departmentand other branches of the Government and escape public censure, he hns mado poor use of his long experience In public Ife. For every vote in the National Conyention whieh he shail be able to securo by his present tactics, ho will lose two. Ilo cannot reasonably hope to make the “rotten- borough” delegations from tha South to the Chicago Convention overcome tho sentiment of the Northern Republicans who must fur ulsh all the Electoral votes for the election of thelr Presidential candidate. , Ils present course 1s simply calculated ‘to excite special antagonism among the Northern Republicans and bring disgrace upon the present Admin- istration without advancing his own tnter- ests. Secretary Shorman must’ stand upon his own morits Ike other candidates, A misuse of the patronage which he happens to control will not serve to make him Prest- dent any more than it served other Secreta- ries of the Treasury under afinilar cireum- stances, but Sherman may not escape from the dilema in which he {s placing himself so fortunately ns Chiof-Juaties Chase escaped. ———__ THE THIRST FOR PLUNDER, All bills appropriating money must orlg- {nate in the House of Representatives of Congress, and, during the Republican gov- - ernment of the Touse, the rules have pro- vided for a Committes on Appropriations, to which all bills appropriating money have been referred for exan{natlon, scrutiny, and revision. The attempt las been to limit tho objects of approprintion to those pur- noses authorized by existing Jaw. In this way the House has always had ono tribunal to analyzo and harmonize all the appropriation bills, This Comnilttee has been au large one, consisting of fifteen members, and has proved to ba one of the wisest and most eflicacious of all the provisions of the House to protect the Treasury against !gnor- ant, fraudulent, and extravagant legislation, ‘This Committe knw officinlly all the items of expenditure in each of the dozen appro- priation bills, and could gunrd and warn the Tlousy against any schemes to violate tho law and to carry corrupt measures, At the present session thore has been an effort to revise all the rules of the House In order to make them more effective; to avoid parllamentary difficulties, and to confine ap- propriations to mere approprintions, exclud- ing general or partisan legislation under the form of appropriations. But this revision of tho rules, while in no sense ao partisan mensure, has produced ao prolonged and bitter controversy, not be- tween Republicans and Democrats, but be- tween the friends of unlimited appropria- tons for ali manner of schemes of plundor and those who Insist that the expenditures of the Government shall be confined to purposes legitimately appropriate and necessary tothe public service, Ience the rovolt agalnstany supervision over the appropriations by any conuuittce, and the demand that every com- inittes of the House shall have authority to frame and report an appropriation bill of such character as ft may please, ‘Tho war for the aeatruction of the Committees on Appropria- tlons has been carried on determinedly, and with such partial success as promises that the business will be taken from that Commit- tee, and hereafter appropriations will be mado §n tho free and easy way,—ao sort of &0-ne- you-please style—that indicates a season of utter profligacy in the way of expenditure, Already the Committee of Commerce has been’ authorized to act indopendently of the Committee of Appropriations, and to roport all tho bills making appropriations for rivers and harbors which it may think propor. The Committec on Agriculture has also been exempted, and its bills are not to be revised by any othor committee, The Committee on Buildings and Grounds-—the Cominittes to propose the burehaso of sltes and the construction of court-houses, post-ofllees, custum-housea, hospitals, and asylums, and such other real estate and construction jobs as may be pro- yided—!s to report its own unreyised bills horeafter, In {lke manner, to be consistent, the Army Comuilttee, the Naval Committee, the Post-ONlce Committee, the Indian Com- | mittee, the Committee on Forelgn Affaire, the Committe on Rallways and Canals, and the Committee on Education and Labor, should all. be guthoried te report appropriation bills to whatever oxtent they may think proper, A commit- tea of recent creation, called the Committee on Levees and the Improve- ment of the Mississippi River, hag made o demand that it be authorized to report uppro- priation bills direct to tha House, freo of naulo Wood, of New York, alded by the | ult scrutiny and examinution by any othor LHE CHICAGO TRIBUN . : SATURDAY,: FEBRUARY 7, 1880—SIXTEEN PAGES. committee, and, as that Committee has for its purpose to make money abundant in the South by enguging in a system of expendl- tures ranging from $300,000,000 to $500,000,000, itean use its freedom with great effect. Of course no sich system of expenditure will ever ba approved or sanctioned by any re- sponsible committee; but If a committed, or- ganized for a special object of plunder can have authority to report n bill, and there be dozen or more other committeo org anized for other objects of a like character, a grand combination or log-rolling syatem can be put in operation, and it may be attccessful, ab least until such time as the people can reach and crush the operators, Members of Congress aro apt to magnify their Importance, and measure thelr impor tance by the amount of other peoplo’s money’ they cau expend. Tho duty of a representa- tive 1s not to vote money and levy taxes; on tha contrary, the fess money ho can vote, and the least taxes he can lovy, the greater must be his service to the country, Every expond- {ture of public money should be directed and authorized by a previously enacted Jaw, and the appropriation bills shonld not contain a word ora lino except such as mny bo neces- sary to appropriate the money called for to execute the Inw. Tho Post-Ofles Approprin- tion bill has always been one of the favorit, vehicles for carrying through schemes of robbery, and just at this time the country is startled by tho announcement that 1 sub- ordinate oMcer of the Post-OMica Depart- ment has so expended tho publicmoncy as to erento & deficiency of two millions of dollars. This proceeding Is rendered more startling by the bold declaration of tho omcer that he did this with a full knowledge that ho was creating o doficlency, and with an aasurance that Con- gress would not dare to refuse ifs npprovil of his wasteful, {f not illegal, donations of public money to favored contractors and sub- contractors, Give the Post-OMee Committee exclusive jurisdiction over the approprintions for that service, and wa will hava some sub- + ordinate officers clothed with tho discretion, upon the application of members of Con- Gress, of putting a “star? upon every post- route in the country, and then doubling or quadrupling the compensation of covery con- tractor in the land. ‘The country will view with alarm the tend- ency of members to break down every pro- tection agatnst tho reckless appropriation of Money at the suggestion of every petty com- mittee controlled by the consolidated mobs that fill the Jobbies of Congress. The expenditures of the Government are, or ought to be, defined by Jaw, and nothing can be niore legitimate or wise than the selection of Acommittce to see that no appropriation Is mado that is not directed or required by Inw. To abandon such a wise provision and to convert the House into a town-meeting man- aged and controlled by a dozen or more comn- miittees, ench intent on expending tho grent- est possible sum of money, and all earnestly log-rolling and combining to plunder tho ‘Treasury, will be a virtual surrender of the House tothe lobby, Against sucha proceed- ing every honest man in Congress ought to protest by speech and by vote. No man ean give his vote for breaking down tho jurisdle- tlon of the Commitice on Appropriations and expect to find approval at liome. Instead of enlarging, the country demands a reduction of expenditures and a consequent reduction of taxes, ny THE “NATIONAL POLICY” IN CANADA, What is known as tho “National Policy” in Canada seems to include a bitind fatth In tho efllency of the now tariff to bring the United States Government to trade terns favorable to the Canadians; premature de velopment of the Northwestern British Pos sessions; and adream‘ofa sort.of Imperint federation which shall provide a customs unfon between England and'all her prov- {nces In the four quarters of the globe, and eatablish 0 central Government in Lonien to shape the polley of all the British depend- encies. Atleast this {s the inference from an able article In n Toronto inagazine called the Bystander, which antagonizes all these propositions, and reads as though it might have been written by Prof. Goldwin Smith, Itistoo early for the Canadians to con- gratulate themselves upon the success of the now tariff policy. Present algna of prosper- ity are rather the results of the good harvest in Canada and the bad harvest In England, along with a revival Inthe lumber trade, than a demonstration of the romedial Influences of the protective policy, It remains to be seen whether tho revenues from tho new tarlil shall offset the expenditures of the Government, In tha meantime there are abundant evidences of the unequal workings of tho tariff in different sections of Canndn, and there is no nearer approach to reelprocal trade with the United States than thore was before tho tariff was agreed upon. It fin serlous nilstnke for the Canadians to Imaging that the people of America are at all alarined at tho possible advantages which Canada may galn from the operations of {ts tariff, or that thore is now any more decided sonti- ment on this side of the line than there was formerly in favor of free trade between the two countries, The United States is tho greater of tho two countries in area and population, and It ts absurd to’ suppose that Amerlcan interests will be surrendered to Canadian Interests. “It is our conviction,” says the writer In the Bystander, “that Caunds can never hope to enjoy the full measure of prosperty, devise what fiscal systems you will, Ul itis freely admitted to the markets of hor own continent, till she is opened to the full Inflow of Its capital, til Sta commercial Mfe runs unimpeded through hor veins.” There Is just ono way in which Cnonnda may secure an opening to the American Continent, and that is through an agreed Zollucretn, which shall place Canada and the United States upon the sumo commercial footing In thelr relations to nll foreign nations and abolish tha Custom-Houses on the border. Tho United States may discover aufficlent advan- tage In reelprocity to agree upon a schemoof: this kind, and even modify {ts own taritf in Some particulars to bring it about; but the chief benctits will accrue to Canada, which must bo prepared consequently to make the principal conceaslons necessary to such com- morcla! union, ‘Time must be given, hows ever, to enablo tho Canndian statesmen to test their present policy of commercial Isola Hon from tho remulndor of the continent, and nacertain that It will not bring the Americans to their knees to gue for any scheme of par- tial reelprocity with its Inovitable Incidents of expense, smuggling, frauds, and diserhul- nations. ‘The Imperial feature of tho 'Nationnl Polley” in Canada seems to bo altogether il- lusory, The enormous expenditures which Cunada hus assumed for building 8 rallroad Across tho continent to Britlsh Columbla, and to devolov prematurely the Northwest Territory, are of very doubtful expediency, Such projects may gratify English ambition, but they are of great burden to the heaylly- taxed people of Canada, and it fs by no ancans certain that even ultimate advantage may be thus secured to the Canadian Gov- ernment. It {s conceded that the Transcon- tinental Railroad will not pay for « very long period, §f ever, and {t is questloned whether the new territory thus opened will bo as loyal to Canada politically and com- merclally as will bo necessary in order to justify the policy of premature development, tt will be settled by Germans, Swedes, Americans, and other people who haye noe national aympathy with Canada, and who will seek natural outlets and commercial alliances best sultad to thelr own Interests, without re- gard to political attachments or geographical boundaries, An Imperial Customs Union, embracing all the provinces of Great Britain ina harmonfous comniercial alliance, seems to be ulterly Utopian, These provinces aro scattered all over the globe, and thelr local interests are Just ns diverse ag if they had no political connection with Great Britain, Tt fs pointed out, for instance, that Now Zehland has the largest public debt In. the world fn proportion.to population, while many other British colonies have seareely any debt at all, ‘The Interests of Victoria aro In favor of A protective policy, while New South Wales is naturally in favor of free trade. Canada would seek to protect its ngricuitural and Iunber fnterests, but would England consent to pamper Canada by excluding American foud or Norwegian pine? The sentimental considerations for England as the Mother- Country, which prompt the Canadian people fo stand in their own Ight so far ag thoir commercial Interests areconcerned, and even to subscribe to the most preposterous polit- fenl chimeras, may possibly wear off after a few more years? trial of tho present “Nu. tonal Polley.” THOMAS PAYNE AS A PATRIOT. Since the recent eulogy upow Thomes Palno pronounced by Col, Ingersoll in this elty there has been a persistent effort upon the part of some newspapers to belittle the splendid services he rendered to this country tn tho Inetploncy of its revolt against tho tyranny of GrentBrituin and of Its resist- anco to long-time abuses, ‘This rovival of tho asporsionson Paine is based upon two grounds or charges,—first, that he was a “drunkard” in after life; and, second, that he wasn Delst, though what elther of these allegations has to do with his political services to this country or why they should affect thom {t fs not easy to understand. Dogmatic hatred, however, still follows hin, though he has been dead almost three- quarters of n century, and the effort to de preclate his services in behalf of American Uberty continues with unrelenting and malictous Industry. We have no disposition to make excuses for him nas a skeptic. Religiously considered, hts influence was not goo, We linve no excuses to offer for him when he became 9 drunkard, though there fs no evidence to show thathe drank any harder than scores of our Con- gressmon whom their constituents have honosed, or than scores of Congressinen aguinst whom it is not counted asa serious repronel, But to ignore, falsify, and belittle his great and inestimable services to this country on account of religlous. opinions shows % meanness of hatred aud smallness of spirit that are almost without parallel. ‘There are certain events In Thomas Paine’s eareer that aro unquestionable truths of history, and so certified that they cannot be suecessfully disputed. Ile came to this country In 1774, at the advice of Benjamin Franklin, and was first engaged as tho editor of the Pennsylvania Magazine, to which, before a year had elapsed, he had contributed “a serles of very’ remarkable papers, advocating the abolition of sluvery tux his belief in the ultimate separation of Aimerlea from Great Britain, In January, 1770, six months before the Declaration of Indepenienco was given to tho world, he wrote his remarkable book enlled “Common Senso” at tho request and suggestion of no less a personage than Dr. Benjamin Rush, and It was published after it had been ox- amined and approved by Franklin, Adains, Jelferson, and other distinguished patriots, It advocated complete separation from Great Britain and the establishment of ap Inde- pendent Republic, and i success was somie- thing marvelous, It was the first tlme that separation was publicly adyoeated, and it struck tho keynote of the War of Independ- ence, There was no other man {n tho Thir- teen Colonies who could have written St. No other man had so clear a comprehension of what should bo done or was equally able to explain the Importance of National Indepond- ence, asthe author of Common Sense? Tha Legislature of Pennsylvania gave him $7,600 in gratitude for writing It, and the University conferred upon lim the honorary degree of Master of Arts, Its trumpet-call was one of tho chief aswell as first causes that led to tho Decljration of Independence. Ife thon enlisted In the War ng a comnion soldier, shouldered his musket, and risked lls Ife {1 the defense of his adopted country. His superior nblli- tles led to his promotion as an Alde-de-Camp to Gen. Greene, It did not take Congress long to recognize his conspicuous abilities or Is valuable services, and he was soon called to take the Secretaryship of its most Impor- tant Committee, that of Foreign. Affairs, which office he held for twenty-one months; and he also acted {n 1760. a8 Clerk to the Leg- islature of Pennsylvania, the most powerful and influential State in the war next to Mas- sachusetts, Hs bold, vigorous, and inclsive pen was never idle, In December, 1776, ap- peared another Invigorating trumpet-call, the “Crisis,” written at o timo when the affairs of the patriots began to look desperate, It aroused the people, and filled them with now iife and determination to conquer or die in the attempt, and lt was rend by official order at the head of every regiment and company in tha American service, Inspiring the troops with fresh couragg and resolution, Patne had used” hig sword and his pon in the service of his atopted country, and next ho used his purse, In 1780 alfairs were in a most desperate con- dition, The coln of the country had been shipped away to procure supplies, ‘Tho paper-money had deprecinted until It was ag worthless as tha Confedorate shinplasters in the Rebel War, The troops were unpaid, ragged, and lungry, and Washington him- self wrote to the Pennsylvania Legislature his fears that tholr distress would Iend to mutiny unless rellef came immediately, Palno, a3 Clerk of tho Legislature, read the letter to the members sini profound silence, ‘They were in despair ab the awful crisis which had arisen to tho cause, but Paino never faltered, He wrote to a prominent Philadelphia merchant explaining the condl- tlon of things, and inclosing a check fur £500, the full amount due him as Clerk, as iis cons tribution, Ills letter was read the noxt day toa meeting of morchants, and it so encour Aged and nroused thom that In a short tne a millon and a half of dollars was voluntarily ralsed to carry on the war. Congress at ounce determined to secure help from abroad, and whom did it send ag Its repre- sentative? Though Benjamin Franklin was in Europe and could lave done the work, it selected the “Infidel,” “drunkard,” and “debauchee,"—as his maligners call him,— Thomas Paine, He went with Col, Laurens to France, and’ by his eloquent appeals In- duced the French people to contribute 6,000,- 000 francs in silver and the Governinent of Franco to go security foraloan of 10,000,000 more negotlated with Holland. ‘Tis sixteen millions of coh came at the very nick of time, whon the. finances of the new, struggling Republic were utterly ex- hausted and Its credit at homo pretty much intuins, This loan of specie ,restored {ts credit, Miled up the ranks with arméd and clothed men, and turned the unequal scale in behalf of the patriots, And yet we havo newspapers In Chicago and Cincinnati who turn up thelr pharasnical eyes in holy horror at this publican, and beilitls lis services to the cause of American ilberty because, forsaoth, he a dozen years alterwards wrote an nnorthodox book! Whether Paine nctunlly wrote tha first draft of the Declaration of Independence (and the internal evidence almost irresistibly proves it) matters Ilttle, Ife was nono the less the anthor of it; for there fs not an iden, in it which ho had not proviously written tn his ringing calls to tho Amerfean people. When the ariny was about to be disbanded, Paine received from tho Pennsylvania Legis Inture $2,500, and from Now York a fine es- tato of #00 acres of Innd In Westchester Coun- ty, conflseated from a British Tory, and Washington, in 1783, used big influence to obtaln from Congress some communsurate compensation for him on account of his Rrent services, In August, 1785, Congress passed the following resolution: “Resolved, Thit tho curly, unsolicited, and con+ tinuous ltbors of Mr. Thomas Paino, in explatn- ing and enforcing tho principles of tho Inte Kovolution, by ingentons and timely publicn- tons upon the nuture of Uberty and civil gov- ernment, have been well recolved by tho citizens at those States, and tnerlt the approbation of Congress; and that, in consideration of theso servivos, and the benefits produced thereby, Mr. Paine ts entitled to n Ibera! gratification from tho United States.” After tha usuat manner In whieh Govern- ments display gratitude, “the Nberal gratl- tieation’? was $3,000. This was the reward to the man who, when the whole Nation was In the very slough of despondency, roused It with these invigorating words: “These are the thnes that try men’s souls, Tho summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will In this erlsis shrink from the service of his country, but he that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and woman,” And agaln: “It is not In the power of Britain or of En- tone to conquer Amertea If she does not con- quer herself by delay and timidity.” ‘This was the petty roward potd to tho man who, when the people In moments of despair talked of reconelliation, swept It all away with these ringing words: “Yo that tell us of harntony anil rdconollia- tion, can yo restore to us the thine that Is past? Can yo give to prostitution its former innocence? Neither can ye reconcile Britain and Amerien, ‘Tho lust cord now $4 broken; the peuple of En- gland are presenting nddreasos nguinst us, Thoro are Injuries which Nature cannot forgive; sho would cease to bo Nature if she did. AB well ena tho lover forgivo tho ravisher of his uiistress asthe continent forgive the murders of Britain, . . . Ol ye that love maukind! Ye that dare oppose, not only tio tyranny, but the tyrant, atand forth! Every spot of the Old World {s overrun with oppression, I'rcedam huth been bunted round tho globe. Asia and Africa have long expelled her, Europe regards ber Ike a stranger and England huth given her warning to depurt, O} receive the fugitive and prepare in time an asylum for mankind.” Grant that Thomas Paine was an infidel; eraut that he was a drunkard; grant every- thing that matica may charge against his vharacter; assign to him all the vices inthe ealendar,—but why deny him the record of is great services to this country In her hour of extremest needs? Is ft manly to pursue the dend with such small mallee? INOREASE OF THE GERMAN ARMY. ‘Tho inerensa of the German army whi¢h Prince Bisinarck proposes ns caused much surprise {1 Europe, and ot Paris and St, Petersburg espectilly Itng crented no little anxiety as to the purpose for which the In- crense {s intended. Tho authorities nt St. Petersburg belleve, it fa sald, that the pro- posed Increase isn menace to Russia. They arcaware that ab this time, white still re- cuperating from the effects of her war with Turkey, with the Empire convulsed In evory direction by social disturbance, with recent disasters In Asin to correct, Russia is not equal to a war with Germany, They feel tint sho will evidently be called on to pay tribute to Germany's greatness, and that for this rensou a German war may in the future bo confidently expected. Knowing thls, they ure striving, with oll the power of an nuto- cratic Government, to remedy Russian weak- ness, and to be prepared for the storm when it bursts. Under this feeling, every move of Bismarck fs watched by them with the most eager suspicion, and every change In tho German army viowed with dread lest {t may prove the Immediate precursor of the hostill- tles they have cause to expect, but for which Russia 1s still unprepared, Tho French authorities are not so sensitive on the subject of the proposed Increase ns thoso of Russia, They have had too much ovldenco of Blamarck's unmistiukable antago- nism to France to be startled by any new measure proposed by him. ‘Thelr policy since tho close of the German Invasion has been to avold giving him cause for quarrel by ab- stalning from active Interference, In any of the voxed questions of Europe, and by scrupu- lously minding thelr own affairs, Fully rece ognizing his hostility to France, under all clreumstanecs, they have spared nelther labor Nor expense in preparing for whatever tho future may bring. By the Inexhaustible re- sourees of France and of her people ft may bo wellsuld that they are able to view Bismarck’s glgantle schemes with a greater feeling of security than is evinced at St. Petersburg, Nelther tho friendly assurances reéenily made by the German Ambassador at Paris, nor the threats published lately in official and seml-oMfclal German newspapersralative to France, have caused any modification In the course which the French Government has pursued since the termination of the Franco-German War, Tho Freneh feel that the proposed Increase of the Geran army fs Intended for them, and, in pursuance of thelr pallcy, they will make use of additional oxer- tlon to be prepared in time, and to meet the inerense If necessary. It is 9 alngular fact, however, that from none of the nows-centres of Europo lins tho Inunediatocause of thoarmy Increase proposed by Bismarck boen given, Public opinion as apparently heen based so much upon surprise and thmtdity thatthis cnuso ling been lost sight of. ‘That France or Russia may in future feel the effect of tho measure he pro- noses Ig probuble,' but, whatever his schemes muy bo relatlye to either of them In connec- tion with the Increase, the bill is based upon tho same principle and iy entirely almilar to the existing military laws of Germany, Tho present Inw requires that l-per cent of the population of the Empire shall constitute the army on Its pence footing. It was passed May 9, 1874, and was to contluuo in force for seven years, or untll 18d, It preseribed 401,659 men as tho strength of the army, and based this number upon tho lest census, taken in 1807, Iu 1875 the census was again taken, and by that time the population had Increased to 43,727,300, Bismarck slmply proposes by his now bill to continue this ratio for the army atl por cent of tho popiilation, and that the law, as In the previous case, be made permanent for seven years, Ho takes the census of 1875 as the basis of calculation, and, in accordance with this rule, 427,250 inen Js the number he proposes, i The bill is so mych In accordance with precedent and with the recognized system of the German tuilitary servico that the Pro- gressists alone of all the political parties of the Empire are opposed to it, These antago- nize It for the alleged reason that it will largely increase taxation and expenditure, ‘The other parties of every shade of oylnfon are unaniiuous In its favor, It {s not probable that the hostile dens which Blamarck may entortalu against Hus sla or even against Franco have had any special influence in inducing him to propose the bu. ‘Kho length of thue~fourtecn months—which must elapse before tho bill Is to go into effect, would prevent the Increase bevoniing avallable for service ina war with Russia. ‘The strained relations already ox- isting between Germany and Russia make It reasonably cortain that whntever trouble mny occur between these two Powers will have culminated tong before the expiration of the the when the bill takes effect. ‘Tha preparations Germany las mado along her enstern frontler for this eventually are already completed, Her fortresses nro gar- risoned to thelr fullest capacity, and, should trouble with Russia occur, sho requires nothing but the mobilization of hor entire inllitary strength, On the side of France, her preparation tg by no means 50 complete, ‘The French have shown such remarkable powers of recupern- tlon that the enormous preparations made by the Germans in Alsace and Lorraine Ihave been even surpnssed within the French front- fer, Bismarck fears the tlio when France may feol herself nble to clnim: revenge. Whatever his schemes elsewhere, the cor talnty that Germany will in future have to fight for the advantages sho has wrested froin France {s never lost sight of by him. It has been stated by the Cologne Gazette that this Increased force is intended to strengthen the garrisons of Alsace-Lorraluc, ani tho statement is probably correct, Ex- cept in Strasbourg, and along tho Rhine, hatred to Germany jn these two provinces Is nowas bitter ag atany time slice tho war, In Metz, espectiatly, this feeling was go evident during 0 recent visit of the Governor-Gen- eral, Field-Marshal Manteuffel, that he found it necessnry not only to warn, but even to threaten the authorities of the elty with the consequences such conduct must inevita- bly bring upon its people, Switzer- Jand and Belgium are being gonded mut almost driven by Dismurek into the erection of Iarge and costly additional works, to prevent violation of their frontiers |. by the French, or, in other words, to preveut the French reaching Germany over thelr ter- ritory. Everything Indteates that Bismarck has no fear for the futursof United Germany, except In the direction of France, In tho enst and south of Germany there is no evi- dence of anxiety or even of preparation, Everything Is quict, and evinees In his mind satisfaction with the situation. On the west- erm frontier, however, It is different. MIN- tary preparations are there constant and un- remitting, The greatest activity prevails in every braneh of the service. Fortresses aro being enlurged and strengthened, new ones erected, provisions for large bodies of men belng collected In every garrisoned place, and the troops kept In a state of cofistant alert. A war betweon Germany and France in future is certain. When It will occur no one can. foresee, A spark may at any moment light the conflagration, but it Is probable that neither Power will inteutlonally inaugurate it until the moment when It has exhausted every means of preparation within its power, and when somo happy accident or skillful diplomatic move has assured to it tho mn- orjlof the chan —————n THE UPPER PENINSULA OF MICHIGAN. ‘Tho Detroit Post thinks Tne ‘Trmunn Is mistaken in regard toa contemplated move- ment among the people of the Upper Pentn- suln to separate from the main portion of the State of Michtgan, with which ‘it lag little commercial or social relation. ‘The Post ad- untts that the “Isolation of the Upper Penin- sulin from the Lower Peninsuia has long been a real grievance to the peuple,” and itis “free to confess that for many years the Upper Peninsula has been of more use to the Lower than the Lower hasbeen tothe Upper”; but It cunnot see why the people up there should frot or complain because of thelr Sso- Intlon, or manifest a desire to change thelr condition, Alanco nt the map of the State of Michi- gan will convinces any one of the Justice of the unrest of the people wha nrocutoff from communieation with the maln body of the State by the Great Lakes, They hinve n gen- graphical connection with the State of Wisconsin the year round, but with the Stnte of Michigun they havo little intercourse In summer and none at all in winter, and the winter season in that hyperborean climate covers at least half the year, Illinois and Wisconsin railroads now penetrate the Upper Peninsula, affording an outlet for-tho products of thelr mines, and carrying to its Inliabitants all the comforts of cl¥ilization, Tho inhabitants sell moreore’ to the furnaces of Iilinois and Wisconsin than they do In Michigan, and they purchase more supplies in Chieago and Milwaukeo than thoy do in Detroit. It was a Chicago raflrond corporation that first had the enter- prise to push {ts Ine north beyond Green Bay into that unbroken wilderness and give alargo section of country an outlet that has thus far looked {n vain to the State or the people of Michigan, The Upper Poninaula is printed on the maps In the samo color ns tho restof tho State; itis attached to the maln- Jond for judicial purposes and for the pur- poses of taxation; but sociully, geograph- Ienlly, commercially, and politically its peo- ple woult be better sulted if allled to Wisconsin, and just as well accommodated as they now aroif attached to HUllnols, A. member of the Michigan Legislature from one of the Upper Peninsula dlstricta always finds the routo through Chicago tohis. Stato’s Capital the quickest and most convenfent route—after traversing tho entire longth of the State of Wisconsin. It ig a wonder that the people of that Isolated district had not long ago tnken the prellminnry steps looklug to a penceablo secession from the Lower’Peninsula, and it isstilla greater wonder that the State of Wisconsin, whose peeplo are so closely allied with them by the ties of consanguinity ‘and commercint intercourse, hag not formally en- couraged such separation, and mado atvances to secure and perfect a unfon so natural and advantageous to both parties, ‘Tho Post adinits the people inhabiting this far-off colony have had Just enuse of com- pluint; but it expresses the hopo that the completion. of the Marquette & Mackinaw Railroad will remove some of the disadvantages under which thoy have Iabored for « quarter of a century, If the ratlroad falls to atford rellef, the Post can encourage the people of the Upper Penin- Bula to believe that a fying-machine will soon be lnvented with which the ce barriers of Lakes Michigan and Huron will bo scaled, and the “isolation” that iow exists between the people and tho outs!de territories of Michigan may be exchanged for nelghborly untty and association, re ONE prominent Southerner takes a cheer- ful view of the negro exodus, Congressman Monoy, OF SMlaslasippl, suye, Inu report rucoutly published, Lathe hopes it will cuntinug uni overy neuro has exe tho buuth, and thus be wily Teason fs his bollof that there will alwaya be. white Rien, native oF imputed, lu incite thom to Niaw toward tha whites, ‘but he tulle to suquesL who wiildo the work of the Buuth whon the workora are woue.—New York Tribune. Congressman Money takes the proper view of this subject, ‘Lho sooncr the Y'ribuna and othor Republican orguns advocate the ralsing of suitictont funda to curry ont tho pli of Senator Wiadom, to transfer the Pa Southern nue xvovs to Now Enyland and the Middle und North- Weatern Btutes, tha better it will bu for thy South, Tho work that tho Negroes have been doings tho South wilt bo dono more effectunily by white Inbor, Moro than one-third tha labor in Southern flelde ja now done by whites, and ust eesvon ax itisknown that the way ts olear for white labor throughout oyery thorn Bute @ero will bo no luck of applicutions.— LoutayMe Courter-Journul, ‘This ts sheer bluff, when you know you hold narypulr, It would scare any ex-slaveholdor out of bis witelf he thought the durkies would not on Monoy'aabautt proposition, If Modtacky “oxodused" from the catton Stntes they would Jeave n howling wilderness behind, eapecintly Monoy's Stato of Missisaipph Tho tuna? Journal anys that “ ono-third of the inbor in th Bouthorn flotds te dona by whites," Not tho cotton tates, nor a tenth of tt, ns orery man who bus trayeled in those States can bearoye. witness, In tho border States, which contain nearly hatf tho white population of the South, tho Cancastan mee ts obligod to tabor in tng fold for want of “ niggers"; but in tho votton States tho darkies do the work and tho Whites stand around and do the bossing. utit tans ny surdtotalicof “five millions of blacksleaving tha South " to live in tho North na of thirty milling lenving the North to live in tho south Bo many of tho Souttiorn blacks as can da hottes inthe North than whero thoy are will probaly Tenve Dixie, but in the noxt ten yenrs this num. ber fs not likely to execed half a million, which the natural inerenso will roplace, Tho Dost Northern Stato Just now for the surplite ang persecuted Southorn blacks to fluid refuge ty Indiana, “Twenty thowsand colored famiticg ean undoubtedly find homes and employment among the Hooaler farmers. Politieally Tidlana would thon offset Kentucky, and A eet” more, but the Carolinas would bo Stronger Bourbon than before. Voorhees may obsect, but Wade Hampton will note Tho Confedernt would then have a eure thing of South Caroling andthe Repubiteans of Indiana, and Burely a” fulr exchange {8 no robbery, Tho Monster farmers would havo the needful help to put In and get out thelr crops In good trim and shape, ‘The oxodus” would bo not only a Licasing In disguise to South Carolina, but o manifestly good thitig for Indiana. Sexator Hoar has an jinportant bilthe foro Congress to establish an educational fund andapply the procoeds of the sale of pubiic lands to tho education of the people. The act proposes that the net praveeds of the Publig Lund-Ollico and tho Patont-Oilice, together with the principal and interest pad by rallrond cor. porntlons on credits guaranteed to them by the United States, shall bo sot upart for tho educa. tlon of the people. ‘Tho fundsso obtalned ary tobo invested in Goyernmont bonds, and tho Interest and other money available to be ap. plied fur tho establishmont of freo schools for children between tho ages of 6 aud 16 years. Tho npportionment for ten yours is to bo based on {ititernoy, and's portion of tho moncy mny bo used to cataltish norm schools and pay teachers wages, Tho funds obtained by this vill, if It hecones 1 law, will bo very lirgo. The receipts from public lands are yartnble, running from $107,000 in 1802, to over $11,000,000, in 1870, and over $9,000,000 In 3879, ‘The recctpts of ths Patent-Oillee algo vary greatly. They wero but $21,705 not In 1875, aid $12,000 In 1878. The ruil. ronds Will pay n large amount—tho Paelfe Ilonts owlng the Govermont already, principal and interest, about $05,000,000. ‘The Boston advertiser extimates the incomy to the school fund to be somothing liko $5,000,000 per annum, wnttl (t bag reached ubout $100,000,000, and that it will be en abled to distributennnuntly from $200,000 up- ward until {t reaches abott $4,000,000. During tho first ten yours It looks naif there might bo fyallable from. $200,000 to $2,000,000 per nnmum, tho larger part of which would be spent In the Southern. States, whore’ the grentost Illiteracy provalla, Tur Philadelphia Press ts trying to get Congress to bolster tip the old quinine fever tax monopoly again. It absurdly says: “Owing to tho uncertainty nnd logg of conte dence occasioned by tho repeal of the duty, the Anierican manufacturers, during the Inat exe months, turned out less than ong-fourth of thelr tiaual production, ‘Tho net result: seems to be a loss of revonue to tho Government, a prnetieal suspension of an fmportant home indus! a deterioration in tho quallty of a btaly medicinal drug, without any reduction in tho ree tail price.” ‘Tho quinine-sharps simply “turned out less than one-fourth of their usual production” to see if they could not force the price up, That Rune did not pay thom, Quinine is cheaper than it was a yeur ago, und it will be much cheaper when the foreign article comes fulrly into com -potition with that of tha monopoly, The “loss of revenue" to the Government complutned of by tho protective organ fy not harrowiny, 03 the Government only collected $10,000 on tho sal phate; wad as fora “suspension of an important home industry,” the Preas knows that the assers tlon Is sheer humbug, The “deterioration In tho quality” fs also bosk. ho Phitndelphin monoy oly fobbed u million a year clear profit, iuker outof the pockets of fover-atrickon people, and they can’t wean themselves off from the tusteuf that blood, Tut the Pee will never seo that wicked blood-tax relinposed, Out of Pennsyl- yanla, every member of Congresa who shauli veto to relovy {t would be damned, It would end bis politica) curecr, and ought to, No, Messrs, exe Monopolists, you will havo to Ict quinine remala on tho freo ist, You’have already extorted from tho fover-burned pationts ten fortunes, aud therowith you must be content. ————— Sexaton Marr W. Ransom, of North Carolinn, is requested to respond to the follow: lowing. Thomag Ruflln, a colored North Caro lina cintgrant, was Interviowed by an fndianap: olis Journ reporter, ‘Thomas is un abte-bodled ‘negro, 20 yenrs old. ‘This is what ho eld: “He followed ditching and farming, Could plow, pick cotton, hoo corn,—lo any surt of (rin work. ‘Trouble was, he got most of bls pay in orders on storekeopers, A §7 order taken toa store seldom got more than 3 fnensh, 2. Worked by tho month for $8 and bord, Mundly over gob any money. White mon will give a colored wen 2 or 60 conta ut n time, sel- dom inore, Pay it out just us did in savers daya, Who give orders in payment for dite! Oh, thoy all did!) Some never pald ptall. 6 Rangom—Gen. Matt Ransom, United States Sens ntor—owes him 89 for ditching. Never pald, and will not pay, Says: ‘Ob, Tom, you're a fue Doy,—n smart boy, Tl have more work for yout ond of those days.’ Would talk foollshness, but wouldn't pay. ‘Thia is m new way to pay old debts, Senntor Ransom is now druwing $5,000 a year, while Ruffin; tho colored man to whom ho owes $9 for altehing, bos come to Indiana in search of o Uyelthood, Tet Din Voorhees summon the creditor Ruflln and tho honorable gentleman from North Curotina who has done the darky out of nino burd-curned dollars for ditching, Ho ‘can also find out from that “nigger” why he has gone to Indiana and carried bla Republic an vote along with him, Call Ituitln and Ransom The business boom is being oyerboomed In A good many Ines of trade. The Buffalo Con- morelal Advertiser has takon pains to put to gothor somestartlingly Mlustrative facts, pat- tenlarly ag to tho advance fn tron, Common cuat-lron scrap, which was almoat valucless In the market a yeur ago, now brings from #28 to $0 per ton, No. 1 foundry tron, selling now at $41 to $13, hes advanced 150 por cont within us. muny duys, It fy oxpeoted to go to 850 befory this month fa over, Nails that were worth $1.00 Per hundred a yenr ago have advanced 23 per cont, arto $4, Atone Jump the other duy they, Sprang from $4.26 to this figure. Stee) rails are worth $10 por ton more thnn on tho Ist of January: ‘The rise in most other articles his not been £0 marked, but fg still enough to causo serlous em barrnssincent und fear among those finmedlately affected. Unices a healthier tone begina pres ontly to proyall in tho tnarkots, thore will be the commencement of another goneral smash among busincss-mon, or widespread suifering Among consumers, compolled to pay even high er prices than now rule, ‘ _—— ny Mr. BARKSDALH's shotgun will not always: bo needed in Missisalppl, The Democratle party in somo sections of the Btnte propose to yo (0 tho rvot of tho matter, and bring up tho future votors In the way thoy should yo, without belt admontshoa by tho suggestive pistol or Lowle knifo, W. H, Vassar writes to tho Juckson (aiss.) Republican that the Democratic Execte tlva Committee of Monroo County hus passed & resolution that no Radical be amployed #3 4 school-teacher in that county, and that every applicant murt aign the following document? “T hereby cortlty, that 1 hinve been a Dew “erat, anil that C will hereafter support the cau! is dates of tha Democratic party, and work wil ‘that (eh ee “Tho abovo is required before Tapproveacat tract. BUPERINTENDEST, Thie Is an improvomont on Mr, Burketale't mettod of accuring Dumocratio imajoritles, be cauve more peaceable, and ty based upon that old, fumlar couplet of Popo: . “Ply dducation forms the common mlnd; Just as the twig is bont tho troe's inullu ———— ae ‘ ‘Tur last weok In January showed 9 rapid. and enormous increase in our foreign importa tlous, Tho total for the woek In Now York wit $11,759,000, tha hoavivst ontrios forany one week for many yoars, Tho wouk before tho panluia Soptember, 1873, thoy wero only $7,500,000. Our exports for tho wok wore only $4,145,000, 80 YP~ idly are wo turning the balance of trada In fuvor of forolgu countries, Sounning the list of arth clvy itnportod one Is struck with the conspicuous