Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 31, 1880, Page 16

I0 THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, JANUARY 31, 1880—SIXTEEN PAGES. TILE DRAINAGE. The Results Gained by an Ohio -- Experimenter. Drain Deop, Farmors, and. Redeem Your Waste Wet Lands, Corn’ Grown on Drained and on Undrainett- Soils. Experiences of Drainage Recoived by Mr, + HAW. 8 Oloveland, ‘Mow to Make Dry Country Roads by the : Use of Tiles. A Suggestion that tho Illinois Central Fund Bo Used to Improve Roads, 5 PRIZE } BASED ON ACTUAL FE: BEFORE AND AFTER DRAINAGE, ETC. By S.F. Woolley, of Hilttard, December, 1879 It isa great misfortune that all farmers do not know something about. drainage; my kind neighbors below ine gave me an outlet of one and a-half fect, aud this was the depth of their knowledge on drainage, but with mich persnasion and my own Inbor [I kept gctting the outlet deeper, and at the depth of two anda half feet commenced to make un- derground drains, ‘The first that I made was + dug twelve Iiches wide nud from fifteen to twenty-four Inches’ deep; this depth ot that thme was considered suftivient by most farm- ers, Atone side of this draina fist rail was placed on Its edge, and pleces of timber, fit- teen inches long and as wide as could be split, were placed on the rail, the other end resting on the bottom of the ditch, making a three-cornered space for water after the whole was covered. Several hundred rods of drains of this description were made, bit in a few years it was found — that ' the muskrats had them filled up. For want of better material, and . especially for want of a deeper outlet, which necessitated the drains belng laid so shallow, this, ny first exporiment, was unsatisfactory, though not discouraging. * By this time I had concluded that drain tile was the great necessity, and, as Teould get no one toengage in the manufacture of them, I erected a tile-factory on my own farin, and, with varled success, imanufact- ured all the tile that could be sold in this vi- elnity; although I would not advise any Zurmer to engage In the manufacture of tile if he can buy them, especially us cheap as they are now. ’ By this time I saw the necessity of drain- ing toa greater depth, and procured a decper outlet, though my nelghbors below me ob- jected bitterly, snying that such o canal would endanger the lives of thelr stock, but we finally settled on adepth of three and a half and four feet, although this was only half ng deep as it should be; but, as this was the best £ could do at the tle, with this shinifow ountiet L commenecd a syste: drainage, My farm, although compos the rivhest soil, could never be depended upon fora crop If it was n,wet season; Ue Igbor and use of the Innd was often-tost, bul it St were dry from thirty to forty bushels of inferior cori could be ralsed to the ucre, : THE RESULTS. Since draining thls lund sure crop of from sixty to elghty bushels of superior corn has. been ralsed to the acre without a. single fall- ure, and with nearly half the labor tor man and the teuin that It took to ralse thirty bush- els to the avre before it was draned, ‘The ditfurenee of the what crop fs still greater than thatof corn, Before there were any tedralns here this was considered a poor wheat country,—wheat cold be grown only on the highest land, but slneo draining a yleld of from thirty-tive to forty-five bushels pr nere of superior wheat is common. ‘The low black lund, when dralned and plowed very deep, {Is the best wheat land that we have. Before this land was drained, it was a. tough, sticky blue clay, but, after dralniug and the benefit of freezing, ft. became louse and the most productive land that we have, ‘Tame grasses before would, by the thawing and freezing, be killed out, and swamp grass and weeds would take the place; but, after draining, it 8 ib grass Jond that we have, No kind of stock will eat grass on wet Jand, while on high it will be eaten bare to the ground, but atter draining they would cat it us close on the low Jundsason the high, Gruss that ‘ows on wet land makes Nght aud bulky aye and fs no better to feed than straw, efore draining Jt was necessary to wear gum boots or have, wet feet, and sheep could not be ralsed with any degree of success, but. since draining sheep’ do as well here ay on lands, (have had to delay harvesting my wheat for several days on wet lands, waltlag for It todry off so L could cut it witha reaper, lanlng mors than half the crop, but om lant that Is drained there Js no deluy, On Jond that is not drained the water must souk away by a slow process or be taken up by evaporation, which leaves the undergoll cold wutit late In the season, ns It ds well known that the warmest. water will keep on the surfave, while on drained land it Pusses at once to the drain, carrying with it the warmth of the sun and atmosphere, be- coming more warn fy passing through tho wurfece of the ground, Which warmth itcur- ries with it to u greater depth, by this means making the tine of planting the spring erops several weeks enrller; the water pnsuln; quickly, carries down food to the roots vu! plants; it prevents Injury by drought by the alr circulating ton greater depth in the ‘soll, and also prevents rust In wheat and Ingures the soundness of the grain, notonly of wheat, but all other crops, On land that is not drained the decayed an- dina! and vegetable inatter Is taken up by the atmosphere and causes malarial fevers and death, while on land that ts drained {t fy care ried by the rains us food to the raots of trees and plants. “Twenty yeurs since, before there was much drainage done here, chills ane fever was common, but slnce the country has i beer partly drained this discase is almost un- nown, Before draining, horses were sure to have the scritehes every winter, but since drijn- ing the disease hay not oceurred, J know of several farms where the fout rot in sheep was fearful, which entirely disappeared after drainage. ‘Tho trembles or milk sickness has in all cnses disuppeured where land lias been well drained and cultivated, Drainage makes he soll loose nnd melldw to a great depth, by which means a teain_ ean plow twelve inches : geep with the sane force that plowed but six inches deep before belug drained. Ten years siico 1 planted an apple orchard of forty acres; that part of It planted on low Jand drained ins done well, while that planted on low fand not drained did no good ‘until after It wos drained, ‘Tiledrainage 13 necessary In the aake Sng of rouils ay well ag In the raiaing of crops. t would requires a volume to present In full ail the benctits of tilo-drainage, UOW TO MAKE DIAINS, ‘The distance between drains must be do- termined by the nature of the soll, thelr depth, and the amount of fall, A loose, porous ec will permit water to reach the draing for s Jong distance, while a tough, ‘compact clay 18 almost impervious to water, and requires the dralng to made much uearer. In 9 black, Jooss soll druins at ‘the depth of fuur feet are suiticlent ot a divtauce of ten rods apart; but, if the Jand ts w hard-pan orastiifclay, to drain it thoroughly the dis- tance apart should be from four to ‘six rods. Sut few persons In this part of the country reullze the gregt advantage thut deep drains have aver shallow ones. Ju my extensive uvqtalntance In this and adjoining counties among drainers, I know of but few that drain toa depth averaglig over onoand 4 halt toluree fect. Persons pay taxes ou thelr land Be the way down (and on wet lands It often qinounts ton Ee) but they never get any agricultural benefit from. it any deeper than they drains but they do get tho benefit of it that deep, even If lt is eight feet; in fact, an ovehard or vineyard should not be drained Jess than that depth. ‘The {ime is probably not far distant when such shallow drains will be taten upand put down again at av proper depth, Persons often say te me that it eusts tov much to drunso deep, when the fact Is the eost.ig tess, For instance, it would cost but very Iittte more to dig two drains to the depth of four feet than it woul to thy three to the depth of two atid a half feet, and tho two deep drains will drain fully ag much land as the three shallow, and will drain tt uitich better and save the expense of the third line of tite. BUT THR DEPTH: OF DRAINS Js not always a matter of choice, .as yery of- ten the outlet is not sufleicnt, and I finve very often noticed that persons are some- thnes extremely contrary about giving their neighbors above them an outlet, and very ten spend mare time and money in lawing about it than would do the whole work, be- sides creating o bad feellng. In tmuking at fmprovement of this kind, that Is to lust for all time to come, it Is much better. to secure 9 Boor outlet in the tirst piace, if it does cost somethiliis more, especially if the land ts fiat and yott have but Ittle tally but in all cases it Is best to have a good outlet so that the water will fall froin six to twelve Inches when It leaves | the tile. However, atile Sralnthatts uisinerly mnde will not fill tp; ifthe outlet does fll ti titteen or twenty Inches the water will boll up Ike n spring and keep'the tile washed ont. Iryou have a good fall, say twelve inches to the hundred feet, a five-lneh tile will carry of as unuch water as a six-inel: will If the fall is but four tnehes to the Hundred feet; the grenter the fall thomore rap ll jy the water will How, anda smaller-sized tile will answer, One Feces vonsideration in draining lant is to get the greatest amount or-water off in the shortest time possible with the least expenses but.n great many persons that L huve noticed draining do the opposit of this, had an open dite on my farm whieh drained a stream whieh flowed: naturally in the shape of un $3 the ‘ditch was cut six fect wide and three feet deep. In putting tile in this ditch Leommenced at the lower end a3 deep as the ‘outlet would allow, which was neurly. four feet. I graded this diteh nearly on n fevel, giving it Just enough fall so the water would run, atid continned ta give It | more failas I advanced tp stream, but ine stend of following the open diteh in the shape: of an S, Leut the 8 across, shortening the distance nearly one-half, by which means L gave the ditely nearly twice the fall it had in following the S-shape, although L hat to eut through two ridges, one six and the other ten feet deep, butthe amount that was saved in tite by this, cutoit more than twice pale for digging this dee diteh, yy 6tho: othe Lo ohad dug three-quarters of a mile it had and then hind a depth at the Jos over four feet; a quarter of a mile further (being my upper line) I gave it a good fall, making If atthe upper end two and oa halt fect deep; I xuve it this fall so that the pressure of the water above would force it rapidly out below where the fall was less, I continued three six-inch te In this diteh all the way, branching the other four off as they were needed, Another big opon ditch, that I converted into a tile drain, which carried nearly as much water as the first, LD DRAINED IN A DIFFERENT MANNER, which Liked much better than the first. I commenced at the lower end nt a depth of four and a half feet. This ditch was so meandering that a straight line would save half the distance, Commencing with four elght-inch tile, which 2 laid” side by side’ for a few rods, L then branched them off at a distance of about four rods fpart, continuing them about this distance until near the upper end, when I brought them nearer toget hor to tnke all the water of the swale, * advanced up stream L used sinuiler tlle, all four of these drains cut across the old open ditch and its tributarles several tines, My object In making this drain in this way was toa dralia large amount of Iand witha few tlle and get the water off as. quick as possi- ble, It Lind put all these tHe in one drain they woulkt have carried only the sine muount of water and would have drained only one-fourth as much Iand as they do now, In tlgetie the drains 1 had to cut trough a few ridges six to clght feet deep be® for all it is the cheapest and best-dralned land I have. By tiling the open ditehes this diteh I not only save thirty feet of the best land on, the farm,. but save..the clean- ing of the ditch out every -year, which, If trindped with cattle, will cost nearly ag mitch asinnew diteh; besides, I get the fields in good shape, and save the lives of a grent. many sheep, which L lost every fone by the open ditches, also the young of other ani- mals, in draining, always remember that when- ever you make a cut-olf, although it may cost a little more to dig the drain, you not only suye the tile but you get more fall, the water off quicker, and tho land better dralned: however, in some enses the ridges ttre too igh to dig through, and laterals must be used, : THE LATERALS OR SIDE. DRAINS, as they enter the main drain, should be made to enter at an acute angle, pointing down- stream. Experience shows that it thelr cur rent enters square across thatof the main drain, one or the other stream is lable to be arrested, and sand or gravel deposited, injur- Ing the water-course, efore Thad much experience in dratniny Lwould dig my drain the whole length an commence at the upper end and lny.the tile down stream, but linys learned from experl- ence that ‘the opposite of this ty best. Al- Ways commence at the lowgr end and lay pony as the ditch Is cues stand on the Ite in laying them nnd turn them until the ulnts fit, and hit them after with your boot- heel sous to keep them close together, and hy broken pieces of tile over the Joints where they do not fit and cover the tlle as you lay them with a few luches of-clay out of the bottom of the ditch to keep the loose soll frony Wwaskiling ut the joints, after which ML in as much top soll as possible; It will fucilltate tho descent of the water, Onleay- ing the drain at ony thme puta board or fint stono at the upper end so as to keep rub- bish from washing iu, and on finishing the dratn at tho upper end It ninstbe well closed, ‘The Inst tile vt the lower end should be twice ns Jong astho others with holes through at the end, not over an Inch apart, with wires 80 as to keep all antnals out of — the drain, and there should be a stone wall built across over the mouth of the tile dratn, Inld up with Hine and sand or cement go as to keep the the muskrats from digging holes up the tile drain, ft have known thom to dig holes on top of the tily to na distance of thirty fevt, which would form a wwater-course fi {ne oF w freshet and wash tho dirt from olf ie tile, ‘To know the size of the tile needed learn all you can about drainage, and use your own judgment, One eight-inch tile will carry olf as much water ag an open ditch four feet wide and two feet deep, and Js auficlent for an outlet for lifty acres, Nover continue tile of the same size nll the way. Whenever a Jateral comes in a smaller tifa will do from that point on and soon. Itinust be borne in mind that the tile Is taking water all the thne, at every joint. ‘The tile at the end that has holes in ft should be a sizo larger than the others, ns the wires will impede the How of the wnier fo some extent, HOW TO GRADE THE DRATN, ‘This Is the most linportant feature of drain- age, and should alway be done with water, a3 there is no level for this purpose equal to water, Lave learned from experlence that itis almost a useless expense to get an engl. neer; he can tell you how deep to cut through tho ridge to glve the water an outlet for a certain dupth above, but thls will not help any about grading the bottom of the ditch, and If you get the draln deeper above than Je is betow, jist that mueh it wil All up You must know that a drain can bo very easily ruined by not being gaced correctly, ‘There can be'no question tn regurd to the best form of tile, At first, the horseshoe tihy was anade semf-clreular in shape, and with- outa bottont, the sole tile, of the same shape as the horseshoe, but having a flat bot. tom, ‘Then the plpo tlle, which Is elreular, and has any advantages, among them the possibility of being Ini true on the bottom, however it may be warped or crooked in burning, | Horseshoe tle should never be nsud, ag they will be filled by eeawtish and become usgless, ‘THe are usually: made twelve and. a half inches long, or Intended to be, but they are seldum over twelve inches, Jhave used 9 great many of this length, and found, on taking them up, that in’ gev- eral places where a stone wus remoyed in the bottom of the drain, that ona end of the tile lind sunken and the other end raised up, which would leave quits an aper ture for dirt to wash in, I found a remedy for this by getting a longer cut-off, and mak- ing my tife iifteen Inches long, whieh T tid are stiperior to the short ones in several respects, DEPTH OF DRAINS, Thave often been asked why I drain so deep, Ido so to get the full beneflt of my Jon, After vultivating wheat Fo dug down W the tile dralu six feet deep and found z plenty of whent roots nt that depth, Tench and, whieh isa hard pan that the roots of nonw of our crops ean. enter, after beln, drained and froze, beenmes loose and miel- low to nearly the depth of the drain, and twiee the nmountof grain can be raised on the samo land, T found a few swamps con- posed of vegetable mold that became go Het, loose, and chalty after draining that It would hot prodttee, but after sWanps bventy Inches deep, throwing tho subsoil to the top, it became tho most productive Innd that K had. WHAT KIND OF LAND NERDS DRAINING, It would make tits article too lengthy to spent of all Innds that need draining, but wo might truthfully say that all lands need drain- Ing except those that have ‘a gravely or snidy subsoll, « + On visiting: 0 friend some years: since, I found him draining wwet, springy piece of Jan at the footot a hill, He was dlgeing: his drain about eighteen inches deep; he sald that he had rend that ft was no use to make the drain deeper than the veins, I tried to get limita nnke his drain four feet, as he hind a good patel, and finally he pitt them in thre feets and on exanluing them several years nfler I found that the water velns liad sunk to the bottom of the drain, and this plece of wet and use- less fand hod become tho most valuable on his farm, and at the end of his (ealrain was a living spring of pure water that never froze over, which was valuable for lils stock, The water from tiledrains ig tho purest that we lave, and fs the best for culinary purposes, nnd where the Iand lies in such # shape that it can be used for stock it is best water that we have for that purpose. DRAINAGE FOR WEALTH ALOUT A HOME, It should be remembered that the well is the outst for at Jenst ten rods in all direc- tions. Uhave known whole families to dle, and It was said to be the mysterious proyl- dence of God, when it was nothing but the cesspools, barn-yards, cow-statbles, pig-peis, and slops thrown out of the house, all emp- tying thelr foul contents into the well, ‘The soll lying between the source of fn: purity and the well lias a certain amount of cleansing powers while this is effective the impurity’ is withheld, but by degrees the earth hecomes foul further and further on, and thiy insidious process of fouling thosem!- porous earth with impurity inch by inch, continues until, inthe, it reaches tlie well, and then every drop tat oozes from this source curries with It its stom of filth, caus- ‘ing fevers and death, Therefore, deep drains Ishonld be made between the well and all pines of filth, As this matter fs one of great mportinee, Invelying doctors’ bills, sick- ness, and death, it should have our careful attention. "i WUAT IT COSTS PER ACRE TO DRAIN, A field of. forty rods square, or ten acres, had four drains put across: it. from side to side, In these drains was lald four-ineh tlle for the first twenty rods, costing 35 cents per rod; three-inch for the next Mreds, costing 25 cents per rod; and thelastfive rods were two- Inch, costing 15 cents per rod, making the cost in all for one drain $11,50; digging the drain at 20 cents pet, rod, $8; Inylng the tile and filing the diteh, four cents per rod, $1.60; making the wholo cost for dratuing the ten neres, $34.40, VELOCITY OF WATER IN TILE DRAINS. From the many experiments that Linade to asvertain as near possible the velocity of water In tile draing, 1 find that for asix-fich tite, with o fall of four inches to the hundred feet, when the tile was running full of water, it was elght rods per minute, when rmmning half-full, six rods per ininute, nnd the less water there was In the tile the slower it would run, Tho velocity of a twelve-inch tile when running fall would be swifter than this, while in the smaller sizes it would: not be so swift, and in an open ditch of the “sane fill the velocity is four times less than that of n tile drain. SOLID AND POROUS TILH. I do not sec any ndvantage fn using porous the. Solid tileisstronger In all respeets, and will not burst and. crumble like porous tile from wet and freezing. Lf porous tile Ig full of water and freezes, It Is sure to expand and break and crumble, Sonte say that tile should be porous su as to Ivt the water Into the drain, If there were no other places for the water to enter the drain except by the pores, the land would be poorly dtajued. Now, for exanple, take any size tile you please, and count tha sixteenth of an incl ut every Joint (the space at the juluts is greater than this), tind, counting it wp for thirty rods, Fat will see that the water ean got in at the jolutsy inany tines faster than It can get out at the outlet, and, If your drain is 1 few hundred rods long, the eapacity for getting In is over ® Jundrad times greater than that for getting out. 3 plowing these THE STOPPAGE OF TILE DRAINS, I know of 8 throeluch tile drain that stopped running, and on taking it up there were found over twenty muskrats in the drain; they were so swelled that no water coult pass them. But roots are tho most traublesumo; syeamore and willow nre the most dangerous; elm, ash, alder, and. some others will be attracted by water. Old trees are not se apt to injure drains as young and free-growing trees. Deop drains are not only the best, bue are nothing like so apt to be closed by animals or roots, Shallow drains nre yery often closed by_the roots of grass and other growhig crops, I haveneverknown adrain so deep that the rvots of the growing crop would not reach It, OPEN DITCILES, These should always be made os straight as possible: even if It does take more thaw to eutthrough ridges it will let the water olf sooner and make your ficlds in much better shape, Getthe open ditchns deep as you can; Thave never seen one yet that 1 thought was deep enough. Lf you Intend to leave It as an open diteh the sides should have a slope of a foot and 8 halfte each foot of Hopi, ‘The tile drains emptylng into the maln should have a full of nt least six Inches, and the inore the better, although I do not belleve in having many laterals, but the sinaller the number of outlets thabettor, . In draining 600 acres of Innd I have but twelve outlets, Ide not consider {t snfe in wll cases to Intrust the making of tlle drains to hired help; how- eyer, there are some exceptions, But this is Q matter of so much iinportance that the pro- prictor should lay the tile all himself, or seo It done. In making fifteen miles of tile drains I ind every tile with my own hands. Open ditches do not drain the Innd as fast o9 tile drains or do it anything like as well, An open ditch will become ins few years so pasted over with a tight, close, impervious clay or muck that the water can- not enter it. Perhaps it{s only fair to mention one dfs- advantage that comes fromdrainage. [f 0 swampy plecs of woodland fs. suddenly ‘dratned most of the old thnber will die; the soaks and hickorys will go first. ‘The change is frat noticed tn the tops of the trees, llow- evor, is young Uinber soon accommodates itself to the change, and ‘after a time grows inore thriftily than ever, : Such are some of the conclusions reached aftur faithful endeavors for more than twen- y years to hinprove a truct of wet land by un- lerdraining, CLEVELAND'S ESSAY. SATISFACTORY RESPONSES NECEIVED, Mr, H.W. S, Cloveland, landseapa gardon- er, of Chicago, being deeply tinpressed [with the neod of tilo-drainage in Ilinots and the Weat, prepared an essay on the subject in 187, ‘which was widely published, and caused hundreds of farmers to make exporl- ments ‘in 'tile-dralning, Last year he sent outa clrentarletter asking for results, and the following are u fow of the responses: Roontousy, Feb, 25, 18%8—MreH. W. 8. Cieveland—DEAR Sin: Never In my ex- perience and observation las the importance oF therough underdralinge and the fmme- diate good result from its uss been so fully demonstrated ag at this time. We have geen no cold weathor this winter, but instead rain, rain almost every duy, and £ venture the opinion that those having thelr ground well and thoroughly underdrained will, guntug the coming year, experience the fullndyantages of it, ‘Ihts “winter 19 ad- niltted to have been the wettest known for 9 reat many years, and tho water has stood it places where it Is usually. comparatlyely dry. In consequence of which, and the ub- sence of coli! aud freezing, must’ leave it in bad eondition. And whils this {strug on all Jand that Ig not drained, better results ma be looked for on and that Is well drained, and, when Leap well drained, I mean under- dratned, for § Insist that no Jand can be well drained In any other way, open drains white lt is possible to dispense with them utall. Ihave about five miles of tile drains on my home farm of 200 weres, and: to-day, and in fuct during almost the whole winter, thers ly and has been scarcely py water standing on the drained lands, while tho land adjoining and lying about the same Is covered with water. “There is butone con- clusion that wimuan of any observation can coins to, that ls that itis doing immense goad, by leav! the ground ip better condition in the spring = by baving tuken the water from the surface, where it has a tendency to make the Ihave no use for fround hard, Hfeleas, and hard to work, And ere 13 certainly tio {uvestment a faruer can wake for which hocan get a greater rate of | ‘ ‘ Interest than in thorough underdrainage, for when properly done It is done for nil time to come, In wnswer to your accond Ingutr A Whethor’ roads have been benefited by dle-dratn would say yes, and peroatly so, ani thore wan thatean work so suceesstilly as. th inaking gooul roads, and L think the time will come When thase having charge of roads will unite with land-owners along the reads na comblned system of underdraining, And nim satisfied that, if our railroad companies would use itall along their ronds, it would save thousands upon thousands of dollars every yenr, and {tb fs only matter of the that thoy must see lt tn this light and profit by tho experience of those who know tts good results, Yours truly, . Hustep, 5 \ MuURRAYVILLE, Feb, 90, 1878.—H. WW. 3. Clevelund—si din answer to your ques- tions, I will ay that the flattest {and on iny farm, which has been underdrained, Is dryer and in better condition for teams to pass over than the highest land that is not under- drained, Dating this woderful wet winter, in hauling out feed, we tind It necessary to Keun tear the Hnes of the tiles, Titing has worked a complete revolution on my farm, making tho wettest land the dryest. Yours truly, Jastes L. Wyatr. Enxitant City, March 5, 1878—H. W. S, Cleveltnd, Eeg.—Dean Sm: Lam satisiied from my exper ence in tile draining that all our tint tind enn, by tiling, be made the best farming lands In Jlinoly, ‘The effect of it on our wet flat lands rent wonderful, For instance, take a tract that has been tough and seieky, the nature of the soll such that no plow would run through It without cleaning every few rods, by ting I find tt cbnitges the soll ton lively, loose nature, 80 that the plow runs through without the lenst trouble, doing as good work, and with as tnueh ense to the teain as on the high rolling ans, ‘This effecttakes place In quite a short thine, not to exveed thirty days after tillng, On thing our tov, wet swales, that we en- counter in most of our cornfields, they be- come firm and solid in three dnys after the tile ts laid. Sume of mine, before titling, would mire a team white hauling out the til for work, yet In three days after the tile was laid Teould go over the sine with a full load. without any extra draft on the team, Ido not see any reason that wilt’ prevent our ninking good roads throughout our State In all flat sections hy Jnying tile In the centre of tho roadway, ‘Uhis item Is of grent Im- portance to all, and in time, I think, all our flat roads had better bo tiled, rather than made high by seruping from the sides, ‘The cost of tiling per rod ts according to the size of tile used. Three-lneh tile, that L used in working Mittler’s patent tile-laying: machine, eost. 65 cents per roi, ‘The tile eane from Whitehall, It cost no more to Iny by hand large tile than-sinall, ‘The cost will run from %5 cents to $1.80 per rod for tite from three inch to six, If cheaper tile is used, it will not cost so much, Tthink tile will be made mutch cheaperin the next twelve months than inthe past. Ishould have stated that I pald $25 freight per ear for my Whitehnll tile. In a short time Ithink we shall have tile manufactured in all districts where tho demand will Justify If, which will save the charge of rallron freights. '‘I'rnly yours, Jd. D. GILLETT, IN, March 5, 1878.—7. TV. HAR Sin: Siuiev the middle of October our roads havo been impassable for londed teams, and undrained Jands have suffered in two ways,—0 poor crop, and no possibility of gettin, abit, On oll Inids that are well underdratned. the advantages have been a iyuch better crop, and the value of the sae mn! Hortally affected by the fact that you ean realize on {ft when you want to, elther by selling or feeding. All through this wet whiter Ihave been able to haul a good Jond on the line of my ditches, which are on the Jowest lands I own, ‘The great fault of all our ditching ts too small tile. ‘he continual need to oxtend on the wet Inuds at the head of your ditch ulekly taxes the main ines to thelr full 1 nu and then it becomes a question of tine, which Is pally answered, We often have ralus of three fnehes of water, and ifn four- inch tile is a week in taking It off, on forty aeres, a six-inch tite on the mln line wilt tnke off the same quantity iu one-third of tha time, iiving better arnluie and an ability to extend the line of your ditch. In other words, forty aeres, with no four- Inch maln, can, by using six-Inch tile on the minin line, be extended on to 120 acres, and do nearly as well on the whole 120 neres ns the four-lnch dld on the forty neres, with but little more cost per red for the tile, the lay- ing being the sane in-ench case, have made it a rue to Iay my tile In straight lines, where it can be done, by mad- erato Inercage In depth, suy one to two feet, to avold Increased distunee, and more than MANCHESTE! 8S, Clereland— hall increased friction of n current of water round 9 curve aud consequent loss of fm- petus In the stream, Yours truly, . J, G. ANDRAS, Urrer ALtoy, March 19, 1878.—H, WW. S. Cleveland, Esq.—DEAn Sut: My felds that are thoroughly tlle-dralned have been i cone ditlon to plow within twenty-four to forty- elght hours after the heaviest rain we have had this winter, whereas, had not drained, portions of them would haye been under water all winter, and probably until midstummner, ‘Tho farm roads through the fields that were drained wore so that we could haul out fod- der all winter; if not drained we could not have, got on to the fictds only on the high points, Ido not know of any practical test of rond draining, but think if a good drain was put in oneither side, say three or four fect deep, it would draw off the water and tho roads would be comparatively good, even during the wettest weather, With us the worst roads were where tho ditches on the sides were filled with water, and although the road-bed was in miny places two orthree feet higher than the water, yet all the soll between the ditches became saturated and worked up like 2 mortar bed. If the water could -by drawn off through proper drajns as fast as It fell there would ba no reason, that I can see, for these fmpassabla mudholes. Yours truly... whan Ro DY GERS. ELnmanrt, May 93, 1878—H. WW. 8, Cleve- land, £sq.—DeEAR Sinz: I have put over elght miles of tile on 450 acres of lund, and would Ike to put more on it had f tho means. I have 400 neres more to drain, and, of course, cannot do it as thoroughly as t would Ike to, now; but as fastas 1 can get the money I intend to keep on puttlug In tle, for L think It Is the best Investment I can make untll 1 get my Jand drained. Lhaye one soventy-acro plece, off by Itself, that was almost worthless, and would have been uncer water during these bie rains, 1 have put two infles of: tHe on it, and itis drained completely. We can plow it as son after these heavy rains as they can on the high ground around here. ‘The man that {is farming it thinks he will have sixty bushola of corn to thy nero; hus been done planting about two weeks;: did not get tho piece drained tl August, and last year it was not planted ti! the last of dune, and we did not ralse more than five bushels of corn to tho aere, ‘This plece of Jand has been farmed for ten years, and It has not realized ten bushels of xood corn to the aera one year in all this time, ‘The land that is not underdralned of the samme quility cannot be plowed yet, and has water standing on Lt naw, while my tiled Jand Is in the best order. Aly ilrst experience In Grainage. was last spring, Lhad a good deal of faith in it then, but a great deal more now. i, L, Sangonp, THE ROAD QUESTION.. THE RAWNOADS ASKED TO CO-OPERATE, To the Huttor of The CAtcago Tribune, Bentuorty Home, Near Dwwiaur, 1, Jon, 23,—It Is very ovident, from several lot- ters published in Tue Cucago Triwune on the subject of road improvement, that the writers have done nothing themselves, and only spenktheoretically. ‘M." from Milan, Rock Island County, says: “ With on open ditch on either side of the road, the road would be more effectually dralned and less expensively than tlle laid in the centre,’ What I wrote was thiss A tile Ind in the centra of the road, and one on each alde, An open ditch along the roadside does no more good than an open ditch in a vorn-field, ‘The whole trouble of the rond question !s.to ket rid us soon as ‘possible of the water that’ soaks tuto the ground, and this can only be done with tile, For the sumo reason think. ing and observing farmers have ubandoned, oven ditches, except for outlets, use ont te, When the water fs draingd thorough y out oe u plece of ground, the road will poyer @ x s Iftully agree with ‘Mr, Cunningham that fevel put upon the tiled rouds Would be of mumense help, IT once believed ns hie does, that-gravel could not be had except tn cer- tain locallties of the Btate. I find fam rong. Col. Plumb, of Streator, tells ino that he 1s now graveling the Cliteago & Strawn Railroad, and ‘tinds gravel atensy houllog distauces, My own opinion with rerard to this wholesome question {3, that It must be A WORK OF CO-OPERATION between the towns and tho rallronds, T hayo hid some axporicnes ‘in Hitredduelig the tile In this bartuuiyinlty, and know just how the old thing works, aN mer Lode this proposition to Mr, MeMul- In, the Genoral Manager of the Chicago & Alon Railrond: “If you will haul, free of frelaht, five car-londs of tito to Uwight I will put down two ear-loads and see that the other three car-londs are put ite the hands of progressive, farmers who will, also lay them.) My offer was accepted, * The comninunity in which I lve have been converted upon the tile question, A gentle- man who owns a large tract of land near me, after seeing the eropof corn on imy farm where corn never would grow before, bought twonty car-lurds of tile, and hag been putting thom down for nearlyo year, Icould alla column of your piper with faets which havo rown oubof the introduction of the tile here, Iwill just add one more. A targe Tnnd-owner fi another portion of the county suk tone Focentlys * Since you put down those tile and told the people in ‘Tire Crrca- ao Trinune how they worked, It has set all our people to thinking and many of ns doing, Thavespent myself over $3,000 In tiling, with excellent results, Now let’ the railroad com- panies come forward and help us, as they are even nore interested in good roads than we are, Let them make an offer to towns sume- thing like this: ‘If your township will thoroughly underdrain from one to five inlles of roadway ench yenr, wo will haul you prayel or refuse stotie at. nominal cost to put upon your roads.” ‘This plan would divide the burden of expense, and wo would, one and all, town, railroad, and city, derive tho benefit at a comparative sinall cost.” A CORRESPONDENT, 1N ANSWER TO MY QUESTION ng tothe useof tile slong the roadside, re- piled. from Athis, Pike County: “two hundred and twelve rods of ‘tile put down three feet flecp in the middle of the road. We think this ly the best place. ‘The tie run water until July 17.7 From Pittsfield, Pike County: “Some tile put down in the centre of the road. If wet seasons continue shall Use Inrgs quantities.’ From Minier, Taz- well County, “Our experience during the winter of 47778 proved conclusively that tiling our ronds Is fur beter than grading.” Oneydu, Knox County: "The use of tile for roads has given entire satisfaction.” This whole road. question, £ think, may bo Dotted down to this: At present, and also quite frequently in the past, those ef us who Hive on our farms are cut off from all outside communication with the world from one-hit to two-thirds of our time during every open winter. ‘The use of tie will reduce our iso- Jntlon at least one-half; therefore, I say that the first step to be taken with regard to any rond improvement fg to have them thorough- ly underdrained ; and that can only be dong by a freo use of the tile lald in the centre and also upon euch side of the road, Sastuer ‘T. K. Pui. TILE BUSINESS. A REPORT SHOWING THE YROGNESS OF THE MANUFACTURE OF DRAIN TILE AT THE CLOSE OF 1879, The following ageregntes are collected from statistical clreulars issued to tilo.manu: facturers by the Dralnageand Furm Jour- nal, Indiaunpolls, Ind: ahs ee The number of tile factories reported ‘In operation Jan. 1, 1890, in. tho followlng States is as follows: Indiana, 436; Ilnols, 320; Ohio, 230; Michigan, 63; Iowa, 18; ‘Wiscon- sin 13; total, 1,140, Established as follows: From Jan. 1, 1850, to Jun, 1, 1800, 66; from Jan. 1, 1800, to Jan, a anim Aes from Jan. 1, 1870, to Jan, 1,- 1880, Number usin, steam power, 185, Capital Invested, $3,202,865, Be ee Nuuniber of nen employed, 6,687; average wages per month, $23, su Aete Number of tiles manufactured in 1878, 123,- 3 in 1879, 175,000,000, Value of production for the year 1878, $2,313,100" for 1670, $3s19,00, : Ayerage cost to burn 10,000 tile, which In- eludes only the fuel and attendance of burn- ers, $17; miniinuin $5, maxiinum $40, ~ ‘That burn brick with tile, 137. Value of brick burned with tile, $150,000, * Total sapnelty, of mills on nalngle day’srun on 4-Inch tle, 3,808,000, 20,600, horse power, 81! Total sheil capaelty for Linch tile, 9004 one-story sheds, 2; two-story sheds, * Nuinber of kilns, 1,425; number of crown- top kilns, 100, ength of thne to burn, minimum, 2 flours: maximum, Mt hours; overuge, 82 OUTS, Both wood and conl aro used as fucl, but much more of the former. ‘The cost of wood ranges from $1 to 33 per cord. Sules of tile are reported better for the year 1870 than 1878, The demand for larger tiles is increasing, 7 Average depth of drmins, 33 Inches; "1 few only draining to the depth of four or five feet, Cost per yard for digging drains from:-15 tu 30 cents, depending upon the depth and other, contingencles, ies Seven diferent kinds of ditching machines are reported in uso oras having been tested, but with Sngntlatnetory results, ; y - Only a small ares of land reported as thor- oughly drained, the work being contined mostly to low wet sloughs, ponds, and exe tremely wet spots In cultivated lands, ‘The report upon the increase of crops re- sulting from drainage ranges from 25 to 100 percent. Vory many report all gain, for tho reason that the ands were not cultivable before drainage; since belng drained. very Jarge crops have been grown, A few report having dralned what [sy called gently rolling Jond that had been cultivated and washed by the raing until 16 failed to produce sutisfac-. tory crops. After draluage the Increase of . yleld was surprising, each succeeding year nitding to Its fertility, . ‘Tho demand for large tile hasbeen so ressing that manufacturers of tie amills ave, in many instances, reconstructed thelr {ile mills In order to accommodate the trade, Ten and twelve Inch tlle are now manufactured by inany leading tilemakers; eleht-ineh are very common, ‘The above showlng of the tlio business has much in the way of tine and Js with pleasure we lay it before our readers, While it is not as full as we could desire, for tho reason that quite a number of tilemnkers did not report, yet it Isus full, perhaps, as we ought to expect, and enables us todraw many valuable con- clusions. , 4 ‘The amount of tile manufactured tho past year inthe State will only drain two acres In ench square mile (10 acres) in'the State, Notwithstanding her advance in this im- portant Indostry there {s ‘room, ample room in the State to extend tha Dbisl- ness, Which 1s also true of Llnols, Olle, and Michigan, ‘The States of Wiscon- sin and Towa are new begluners In dralinge, Minnesotu will need milllons of tile as soon ag tho prices of her lands are suflelently ade vanced, Inthe South there are milllons of ferestinavallable without drainage, and in whieh nothing ling been done, | Wo enn make no estimate of the work: yot needed to be ale: nat of Ohio, “Look out upon the eld. While a faw have reported sales not so goal 1870 ns for the yeur 1878, on aecount of local droughts, yet ‘the average is much etter, Some practical thoughts to be gleaned from the reports will be presented Iu tha February issue of the Journal, A NEW IDTA, USE THE IL1NOI8 CENTRAL RECEIPTS, ‘To the Editor of. The Chicago Jribune, Broomtnaton, McLean Co., Jan,28,—Your correspondents from Milan and Virginia say “bie dralitng won't do,” and I was so in- formed by a gentleman of color. today who Was seeking Information upon this alt-ln- portnitsubject. 1 think Mr, Curiningham fy on the Halt track, but would offer o. BuE- gestion: that to fuse elny or soil profitnb! would require f blast, and to conduct n busl- ness of this nature successfully would re- guira fixtures tov bulky to be portable. So, would suggest & perninnent furnace at n coal shaft, the slag to ba run into shapes Nt for sidewalks or strect and road paving. Anothor uggastion to all who feel that good rouds wit a id 2 our. couufory wna eat he setting side of the ent fn af tho iitfnals Central -Raltroad Company for permanent road improvement, to be used only to purchase frolght stone for the pavitie or covering at least one track in width with stone or Hravel, as counties may elect. ‘Lhe roads to be put in shape by the town authorities as at present, the fund to be divided among the countles according to yaluations cltlas that pay no highway-tax to be exempted from the benetit of the fund, belleve this uso of the IMinoly Central Rall- rond fund would plowly perhups, but surely, give us good rouds, wud durgely to the wealth and population.of. the State, give us 9 splen- cost us voy money, yetli wo years ago Inst aun | to secure this fund for this purpose before ft benefit the entire population as will good roads, Respectfully yours, « : é |. . Ban R, Annorr, ———— ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY AGRI- CULTURAL INSTITUTE: The annual Agricultural Institute of the IMinols Industrial University opened on Tuesday aftérnoon, Jan. 2%, with a lorge nt- tendniice, especially notable as representing almost all parts of tho State, including many prominent agriculturists, © Tha flrst-lecture was by Prof, I. 0, Baker, Professor of Civil Engineering, an " Engl- neering In Farm-Drainnge.” With a number of pieces of apparatus tho lecturer explained how a farmer could make and use a simple, cheap, and accurate lovellng Instrument. Tho complete Instrumont was exhibited. A paper by If. W. 3, Cleveland, of Chicago, on "The Injurlous Effects of Southwest Winds,” gave numerous illustrations of the bad effects of those winds on vegetation, and the removal of theso effects by large bodles of water, or forests to the southwest, and urged the planting of the Intter, lecture for Tuesday evening was de- liveregd by Jolin M, Gregory, Regent of the University, on “What the Oniversity Can Do for Agriculture.” He sald it was only an attempt to give fresh force by a new state- ment tonn old theme, Ilo showed the broad plan of the University as tt was concelved In the Inw of Congress, To mect this law in all its points, the Trustees have organized four colleges,—each one with tts severnl schools, or departments, in theses all the branches of learning are tauglit,—hoth the wide ar- ray of selences “related to Agricultura and the Mechanic: Arts?’—the great in- ‘dustrics which crente the wenlth of the world—and those other elassic and sclentiile sludies whieh the Inw would not exclude, But, from the very outset, tho ‘Trustees saw the magnifleent lmportance of that great basal industry which occupies the majority of the people of our State, and sought to give the Agricultural College its due promlnence in the State University, Agricultural education meets two obstacles on this Continent: first, the Inck of expert- eneed Jnstructorg; and second, the indlifer- euce of fariers, Of these, the litter is the more difficult to overcome, [be seems hard to convince agriculturists that oa special education for his work fs of any. Importance tothe young farmer, or that Science can help the farmer In his work, . At. least, thoy bellove that scientific farming will never pay. as long as land [sso plenty and labor so dear, as though sclentitic farming must bo necessarily expensive farming, Instead of plmply intelltg t farming, Iu next showed how many selences are hivolyed in the oper- ations of Agriculture, affirming that no en- ployment known to mankind used so widely all the powers of Nature, or inyolyedso wide a range of sclentilic principles, A statement of what the Agrienltural Departinent is pre- pace, to teach will best explain how far we have overcome the first obsixele named: and may help also to overeome the second, by shoving the value of this education to Agri- culture and to nerieulturista. The lecturer then explained the instruction given by the several Professors and instructors, in the structure and management of soils; drainage and fertilization o8 shown by chemistry and experlenes; the nature and cultivation of various crops; the breeding, feuding, enre, and cure of the domestic uni. minis; the principles of vegetable lifes and tho entire economy of crops of the various sorts. The instruction given hera In yeterl- nary sclenee—in the disenses and cure of our domestic animnls—imny save our farmers more than the entire cost of this University, At.the Wednesidas’s session of tho Insti- tute, Dr. Prentlee, Professor of Veterinar Selenee, gave, with the ald of models, a fult description of tho foot of the horse, the dis- eases to which it is subject, methods of dis- Hngulahing them, and their freatinent, . E. Morrow, Professor of Agriculture, gave v lecture on “ Liuproved Stock, and How. to Get Lt,”—urging that no breed or family of auimals could elatin this title, excent for su- perlor inerit, Ile polnted out the rensons for the superiority of puire-Urarl stock: and Ilus- trated the necessity for good care, good feeding, and food preeding, President J. R. Seott, of the State Board of Agriculture, in.a very forcible address urged the hnportance of more attention by farmers to ngricultural education, the value of the University in this work, the need of haying the principles of Agriculture taught In the schools of tha Stnte, and the necessity for inoro intelligent and actlve Interest by Face can generally in the improvement of Agri- eutture, Prof. Morrow, in an address on “ British Farming and Farmers,” gave some of his ob- servations during some weeks’ study of Brit- ish Agriculture Inst summery guye the prom- inent characteristics of the. British lind-sys- tem; and pointed out, as principal causes of the present agricultural distress, a series of bad seasons, 0 faulty Innd-system, and for- clan competition, Ife thought one effect of this distress would be a largo emigration, much of which would come to this country. The address on “ ‘The Sun,” by Prof. 8. iL ‘Peabody, wus very largely attended,— many prominent citizens, as well as the regular attendants of the Tstitute, belng present, It was very profusely Illus trated” by dingrams, avd was listened to with'.much Interest. ‘The —lectur- er deserlbed — briety and familiarly tho methods:of flnding the distance and diaineter of the sun, and {ts appearance when viewed by tho telescope. + From the form and move- ment of the spots he showed the sphericity and rotation of the sun, He explained tho testImony of the polariscope and the spec- trogeopey and the theories of the sun's naturo ag derlved from thelr revelations, ‘The lect- ure wns illustrated by large diagrams, showing the sun's distance and dimensions, the forms ‘and movements of spots, the phenamenn of the solar eclipse, with many drawings of the forms shown by hydrogen in eruption above tho sun's surface, $< 4 A Temporanco Meeting in Nobraska, 2 Omaha Herala, Gen, Estabrook suid: ay my God I would rather see iy Ron a gambler than a smoker,"* Te was hissed, and left the hull with rage. Dre Lyons, nfter denouncing tho habit of stoking, afve withdrew from thu wating, having moved that n couple of duzen of Mrs. Winslow's sooth- Js turneds into othor chanuols that will not: Ang syrup be purchased for those Bissed Gun. Batnbrook. People why Exeltoment now ran, high, pel ing words b) Tarsha was ablo but. Dr. MoKonzio, ioe EA fon fo manko Alnself henry moved that tho disausaion of all uertiong tt had that of intemperance be tnt cl Witho clini a3 galled SA i ho Chairman, thon ed body to aubsortho to the fund ata Te. netfled tha Judge and he ropiled tatho regret in not very moderate language. . Fequues, The modting boty Mp Sin disorder, notw) standing tho vxpostulations of Dr, Mekenae™ ———— NEW - PATENTS, _Borctal Dispatch to Ths Chicago Tribune, Wasntnaton, D. 0. Jan. 30—Fotlow ia n ist of patents issucd’to tho fiventoe of Ililnois, Wisconsin, Michigan, Minneso " Town, Indiana, and Nobrdska for tho i weeks ‘ ILLINOIS. . Armstrong & Murcheson, Woatherstetg, gang-plow, ' D. pyle, Cte rr pipe-coupling. 5 . nel milun, cheok-rot ment for corn-planters, - f ee Attach. y regior, lougo, alr-nozzlo ft boller furnaces. OF wena, R, Hammill, Chieago, lantern, Ay ayes, Corro Gordo, nut-luok, fodges, Chicago, stop-motion gone, M, Howard, Plino, guurd-fingor, A. 8. Hoyt, Chleayo, grain-binder, 1. P, Hoyt, Auror, woud-planing machina, M, Miller, Sit. Morris, washing muchine, MM. F, Ott, Chicago, harvester, 2.8, Padon, Lebanon, farm-yate, D. Palmer, Chicago, soldering tool. D, Palmer, Chicago, appuratus for Soldering tig enns, - ee Teas itundel: Citehgor lin for d » Mundell, Chleago, kiln for dryin, ICT. Russell Bloomington, Indloaoe tee J. Statler, Mason City, chock-row attachmens for corn-plauter. +L i" E ‘WISCONSIN, %. F, Conklin, Fond du Lae, faucet, M. Lehmann, Milwaukee, millstone palnt-step, d, Mills, Milwaukee, alddlings weinding mi,’ E, Roynolds, Milwaukeo, feod-water heater for steum bollers. ¥, J. Wenkor, Cly:nan, vehicle-brako, eee MICMIGAN. : i. Allen, Kalamazoo, Jolnter and colter- J. J, Durdwell, Dotrolt, autographic pant ~ M. Brown, Bust Saginay, curtain-fixture, It, Ii, Gleason, Muckogon, log-carrying or bu chain, 3, Lambkin, Caro, gouble-ncting lover, D, Hi, Hive, Dotrolt, hot-water rosorvole, W. W. Vatihorn, Orangeville Mills, rotary hus row. 8.8. Gt Is, Te al Wiig, ent . 8. Grannis, Red Wing, carnet-tacker, G, Troleomb, Silllwaters thrashing mueblne, 7. A, Relners & Blerbaucr, Mankato, traveling ‘brush for middlings puriiler, 10WA. W. J. Anderson, Hillsdale, weathor-strip, G, Fookler, Dubuque, brace for cxrringe-tops, eet, Stusuens Muscatino, lumbor-trimming me 8... Skinnor, Independence, safety car-truck, z INDIANA. 4 a Facts, hal beatae alde-snddls free . Lufeber, Indianapolig, sollepulye W. G. Shaster, Goshon, ourryoombe . NEBRASKA, No Nebraska patents for tho week, * a WORK, The en, Earth is filled with untonched wi G) KP Waiting forbands to do. Why do you stand an! Joo} Aro yu no better than the butterfiles, Ornoddlug flower bealde the Summer-brook? All souls love sunshine, and the scented air, And rest, and comfort; but the and old Earth Isdim with shadows, and fg stirred and jarred ‘With grouns and wallings of the minor birth, For every ono there is some work to do, With bniin, or hand, or lip; something to earn; Some niche to Ml; somo helpless life to ense; Some things muko straight, and much of loyote ‘Theroforo ye cannot stand allont and still; There is no stonping-place for ono to rest; A soul must cithor retrograde, or go, IUghor and purer, into regions bleat, Ono or the othor you must choose; and work is tho benignant Holper of tho life that moves Upward. You would not stand and rust ‘Useless and cumbersome there, iu the groove? Work $s tho divine refuge of the rich and poor, O ones uncomforted and gad of heart! ‘This {3 your tower of strongfh thro’ all the dayi: ‘Take it, and hold {¢ sacred ns lost art. Fanny Driscott, Every certificato wo publish regarding Dr Bull's Cough Syrup {4 genuine, and we will pay a reward of $1,000 to any one proving the con- trary in. single cusc,—Vogelor, Meyer & Co, Baltimore, Md. SOALES, THE PREMIUM SCALB OF THE WORLD. PRICES REDUCED From 30 to 60 por cent. Wagon Scales yor Tay, Grain, Coal, Stock, Cotton, and Herchandis, Now sold for one-third formor prices, 2-Ton Wi ScTOn Wagon seats Othor sizes $n proportion, Al! Kenlos made of the bett matorial wit tron, hover, Sigel, Hourlnes, ‘Daw Seum, und Hoam and Hox tneluded, Every fest Murrunted perfect, und to give satisfaction, cheap und best, und seve monoy. Any Inform tion furnishud, of fall pricu fiat eons apn appllcallos Adar MEIOAQG un ol LE CO. IGT South Fetters AUntenger ill SEWING MACHIN! LIGHTNING SEWER loathor. THE NEW WILSON scillating Shuttle SEWING MACHINE 1s wonderful tn Its conception and un equaled in its capacity for doing n large range of sowing in textllo fabrics and !n ‘Its motions are continuous, ad° mitting of an oxtraordinary rato of specd, cither by steam or foot power. Every motion of tho trendio makes six stitches, thus pro* ducing about ono-third more work ina day than other Sewing Machines. stop motions, and tightens the stitch with the nocdle out of tho fabric. it has no it usos the well-known Wilson Compound Food on both sides of the noodle. Olt has two-thirds loss parts than any other first-class Sowing Machine Its arm Is fully olght and one-half Inches long and five and ono-halt Inches high, and the whole Machine is very compactly and sclentif: Ically' constructed. Appedrance It Is unsurpassed. In Its proportions, elogance of design and general Its simple, powerful and porfoct mechanism places it as far In advance of all other Sowing Machinos as tho telephono Is superior to the tin speaking MENDING ATTACHMENT, for . repairin, ki WITHOUT PATCHING, furnished FRE MACHINES, togothor with a Tuckor, Rumer, Corder, Set of Hemmers: Prices furnishod, with machines furnished on trial to responsible partics, to steam-power, in places whore wo have no agents. tratod Catalogue and Prico List, No. 230. AGENTS WANTED. Address WILSON SEWING MACHINE CO. ' CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U, S. A. MACHINES SOLD ON EASY MONTHLY PAYMENTS Binder, oto. ¥ did reputation with our sister States, und in x TnCnRUrS uaeaes tue business of thw 1; hols lnpany,—thus, o wourse, inereasing the amount to bo recelyed J fom at Company. Would it not be wise tube. The WILSON all kinds of textile fabrics with all WILSON SEWING repaid, and 0 Fsod with Sond for Illus* frelght charges Cor. State and Madison:sis:: ONLY ONE LESSON REQUIRED.