Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 17, 1880, Page 9

_ NEW PUBLICATIONS, POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY, FOR FEBRUARY. : CONTENTS. LU ORIGIN OF CRIMINAL LAW. By William YW. Iililson, yar RTA’S WORLD OF PLANTS NEFORE THY ‘APPBARANCR OF MAN. (llnatented.) goOW TYPHOLD FEVER 18 CONVEYED, By Dr, ‘'T, J, Macloyan, % HANOVERIAN VILLAGH LIFE, By Waltor Nord- hom, : MAPS AND MAP-MAKING BEFORE MENCATOI. Ny Charles, Daly, 14,1, (lustentod,) ANCIENT METIIODS OF FILT! ION. By rot. H. Carrington Holton, Ih. 1, TOUN STUAWT ALL, Vi, By Aloxandor Bain, ta Bau IMPKUFEOTIONS OF MODERN HARMONY, Ty §, Ausien Pearce, Mus. D., Oxons DAYLIGHT IN ‘THK SCHOULROOM. By BM. Javal. HYGIEND IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION OF WOMEN, By A. Hughes Bonnott, M.D, ANTESIAN WHLLS AND THE QRHAT SAIARA, By Iduut. Seaton Schrocdor, U. 8. Ne PHE ORIGIN OF THE GYUSIES, PREMISTOMIC RECORDS, IKETCIL oF BENJAMIN BILLIMAN. (With Por- . tnt.) : Correspondence; Editor's Tablo; Litorary Notices; Yopulat Miseoltanyy Notes, ‘60 cents per unmber 3 85.00 per annum. ‘ "D. APPLETON & €0., Publishers, 549 &X sgt Broadway, New York. Tho Newest Music Books. American Anthet) Book, With 100 enay ond good Anthems, (f12 perddor), By J. IL. Tenney and A.J, . Kilted by A. N.dohnaun, ‘Tho nnubows ure exceptionally good nnd suficientiy numerous to provide two forevery Sunday in tho yoar, Dow’s Sacred Quartets FOR MALE VOICES, By Howard M. Dow. Frico, £2.00, Por Dozon, $13.00, This Is. fino collection which furnishos excottont mnterial for bringing out the talent of the Malo Qunre ‘tote that can now bo furaied In nlinost overy cholr, The Deluge. NEW CANTATA. By St. Sacns, +, Driee inttoants, Lies Tapert ete: a nuita for Chorus mcitae ancl tive Dolugo tue the acvuntao of ond sud slrtiiag iusle, wo Impressive words, Notditi- cult. * Parlor Organ Instruction Book, By A. 3, Johnson, rico, 91.60. A conipleto onsy Instenotar for Reed Orzans, adnpt~ tdoxnetiy to tho wants of thoso who wish to learn Soth easy ght inusio nnd eusy snered music, LYON & HEALY, Chicago, Ill. OLIVER DITSON & CO., Boston. THE YOUNG LADIES’ JOURNAL Is the BEST MLOAZISE for LADIES and FAMILIES, THE FEBRUARY NUMBER "Will be out on Mandny, Jan, 10. SPECIAL ATTRACTIONS FOR 1880.° . 4 MAY TYPE AND SUPERION PAPER, Mado expressly for tho Young Ladlos' Journal, Yerimnenuy Unlurged Colored Foxton Plates of 24, Manresa avery monti, comprising 2G, Ladies and & Childrou’s Vroswes, of tho Lntest Paris Fusions, “Articles on Etiquette of Good Suctoty, Sovornt Com- Pleto Storivs, iluatrated, Also now Continuous Hto- Flex, iWustratud, evory wonti. Also the enlarged uiganticSupplement overono yard square, wits over Ti Ficures, Mlusteating all tho Jatest’ Fashions from Paris, Also Colored Suppio- inonte for Binbeoldery. Alay Musle, Pootry, steclpes, tle. old by All Newedeniers. Brleo, moluding oll tho mupnlomonte, 3 conte, norte id. Yearly eubscription (Hi numbors) including Whe MI xtra Clristiaos number, $110, THM INTERNATIONAL NEWS COMPANY, Vormerly thy Willmor & ltogors News Company, . . B1 Beekman-at., Now York. Subscriptions racolred for all Yorvign Publications, U8. Oficial Postal rude containing alphas tates Post-Oficos, with ‘Canndian For Jnnury isn book of (2 Dbotlen! Hats of atl United cuunty and State, United Stutos and munoy-onler afices, lotter-catrivr oficcs, rics of portage, die Iatost rulings of the, Post-Onlva Depart ent=and, in whort,all nuedod information about ta ia pecultarly valuablo 10 wll: bin: a uber, #100; cloth, #120 ‘or salo tt Post-Unices, and by wadeuiers, ent postpaid ‘of the fae ion, ookagiiers hud Tot on ro= celpt of prico by the publishors, HOUGHTON, OSGOOD «& CO,, Roston, “THE MOON AND THE HARE. : [A norrestor LEGEND.} Dno nikht, when a Moon that was newly born Drooped low in the Westorn sky, Through tho reedy incadows and walt-o-bit o orn ‘The Huro came hurrying by. Bo Jow in the West tho now Sfoon hung AS tho timéd Haro camo by, ‘Tho Wind was go still that all tay had sung ‘Through the branches her lullaby, ‘That tha Moon spako out to the long-erred Hare, And the brow2 Hure istened and beard, Bho bade bi spood to tho Mun, nnd bear ‘To his doubting spirit this word, Sho bado him gay: "As I sink and dio, "Te tus with tho races of Mon; Dut,aeT wax anew in tho sky, _ They live in the heavens uguin.'* ‘The Garo bo Uatencd, and burried to tell The Uaat tho Moon hil sald; Dut ho could not oarry it very woll In-bis fooliah, long-curod bead, Tle sald to tho Man: ‘As tho Moon came nigh, _ Store wigh than eho over bud been, Bho apake and wald, ‘Ag I sink and dlo, So porish the races of Mon.’ Tho Man bo keard what tho brown Huro told, ant hopo sunk low tn his brenst; For tho jong-eured boud of the Huro could hold No more, but furgut the rest, And the angry Moon with her staff of light Birucic to lip of the foolish Huro, Till the Hnro tled Lust through tho woods and tho night From tho blow that sho gave him thero, Qood proof, oven now, In tho world fa left Taw tho lony-cured Vitro could forget— Vor tho lip of the Hare even now fs cleft, And you know ho fs teeing yet. Cuanras Novi Grigory, a : WISCONSIN SOLDIERS, A Grand Reunion of all surylying Wiscon- slu soldiers will bo held at Milwaukee, Wis., commencing Monday, June 7, 1880, and con- Unulug through the week. ‘The management is In charge of 9 joint connuittes, of this Association, the Grand Army of the Republic, the Chamber of Com- merce, Merchants’ Assoclatlon, and citizens of Milwaukee, During the period, a separate reunion of every regiment and company In the Wat from this State will also bo held, Reghnental and company officers who have uot already donogo are requested to hee published call’ to tho survivors of helr respective commands for such a gnthor- ing nt the (me and place above piven Jecqnsin soldiers who have not. before seut should send forward their names, that the roster may be complete and in print by that tine, ., Comrades arriving at Milwaukee will re pot promptly at the headquirters of tho Wisconsin. Heunion Association, be regis: tered, directed to thelr respective commun or reghnentsl assembly places, ated Ininat- ters of subsistence, and generally advised a8 to thy different programs of tho week. ‘omlny from syery direction to mest the thonsunds here nsgembling, there will also present, respective of party afliilations, © Nutlows greatest warrlors, statesmen, and onitors, wiileh, with a general encamp- nient and parade uf all the organized military companies of the State, together with the Usual and appropriate exarclsus of n soldiers? faunlon, such as camp fires,” “sham hate Nes," ete, cannot fail to make this occasion io velorn ¢ ©) ol jadger State, ee an eeett Likely. . , ita (a.) Conat The Won, iatrick Uitinare is inforinod that tho | Nutlonal antag Will bo: waltten by somo anony- Dious spring poet, and tho fact that ho has writ- ton tt wiitiiboe be found out until the poet: bas eluded ld cruditors by tuklug rofugein 8 grave- i Eat ele 5 ,ExPosure to drafts when heated, and midigp : ihanges In the temperature of the atmosphers, ‘| ive prulitio. sources. of wovere qolda -from which pany cages. af inlammation of tho lunys, fleaeley,, usthmn, ‘and othor pulmonary affco ons aredovuluped. Should you-unfortunately Contract a oyjd, posort nee Prparees Ex- fectorunt, 9 putdody that will uot y promptly sivuautr a pulsioutty ata Mronoblal Copa ARAFUMOVO Bangerous symptoms. a LETTERS AND SCIENCE, A Ride ‘in “Egypt—Egyptian ‘Pyramids—The Egotist The Tapestry- re Room. A Engineers’ and -Tawyers’ Manual—Bead- well’s Reports—Mngnzines—Books Reecived—Literary and Art Notes, Soientific Gossip—Biology—Velocity of a Rifle-Bullet—Vesuvius Dur- ' ing an Eruption—Ete., Eto, A RIDE “What can anybody have to tell us about the hill-land that has not already been sald Or sung Kg nauseain? Palnfully consclous atthe collected bulk of all the writings on Egypt, If Jald ono nbove tho other, would rival the hight and magnitude of ono of the smnller Pyramids,” ete., ete, So wrote Edwin do Leon in the preface to his Interesting book entitled “The Khe- dive’s Egypt,” and, ns he wrote these words, “Egypt,” by McCoan,—onu of the most readable histories of that anclent Innd ever written, —had just been pineed on tho book- sellers’ shelves, Next, but a few months Inter, camo Henry Field's “Egypt and Japan,” in which he gave traveler's iin- presstons of the land of the Khedive; and now Mr, W. J. ‘Loftic has published his views ns to the present status of the realm of the Pharaohs, {n a handsome volume of some 400 pages. Egyptisan old subject, and, politically, rather tough one, Denon, Lane, Bronsen, Sharpe, Wilkinson, and a host of German writers have made her history, customs, manners, and literature the theme for pon- derous tomes and endless scientific discus- sions, Among travelers, Savary, Belzoin, Harrlet Martineau, Dr. Robinson, Bayard Taylor, G. W. Curtis, W. C, Prime, and many othors have written of Egypt, modern and ancient; Egypt, prosperous and bankrupt; Egypt,’ in winter ond In summer; Egypt, its rise nnd fall,—until wo fre ready to accept Mr, do Leon’s suggestion that nothing can be written about the Nile-land that has not been sald or sung before, Nevertheless, Mr. Loftle has written avery delightful book,—one which may be taken up with prejudico, but will bo laid down with regret, And not the least of {ts attractive features aro Sts clear type, good paper, and genorally neat typographical ap- Pearance, Tho writer isan Englishman,—the author of In and Outof London” and “A Ploa for Art in tho House,”—and his book Is Inrgely composed of articles written by hin for tho Saturday Review. We has, how- ever, added considerable new materinl, and his observations and comments give tho latest particulars of the state of the country Issued In book-form, Much that ho has writ- ten is familiar,—an old friend Is recognized even In his new dress; much perhaps seems superfluous to American readers, who have not the same reasons for being interested in Egyptian finnnees as the English; some things seem superticiully and hastily treated; but, on the whole, the story ts carefully told, the facts alizently collected and verified, the style ensy and pleasing, and the volume a welcome ndditlon to Titerature in the depart- ment of tales of travel. deg are Mr. Loftle maintains the truth of tho as- sertlon, so often made, that, thera 1s no such thing as a possiblity of reformation and tun- provement under Turkish rate, Writhig In 1879, he says: ‘two yeura ngo the Viceroy waa still popular in Engtand. It was finpussible to get nt the ear of tho public about him, In spite of tha fret that ho fs so completely a ‘Turk that In bis own family and court ha speaks Tarklsh, . .. I was constantly told that ho way not Turk, and that ho bad fdentified himself completely with tho country ho rujcs. . .. sis to his ldontifylng: biinself with ayn, it is a kind of Identification sitnilur to that by which tho cat may be suid to bo identified with the mouse she Lna swallowed. Alls development of Egypt hus rosulted fn: ro: ducing her ton state of poverty untnown olse- where, .. . of tho yast sums which have passed through bis hunds, it 8 porfactly safe to any not one single Arab peasant on tho Nile bua been in. avy way the botter, Mr, Loftle is, with justice, bitter In his denunciation of the Inta Khedive, Ie gives a vivid deserlption of the manucr in which public works are proseeuted ; Every morning, when wo looked out of our windows varly, wo Bawa long and melancholy recession on the bank. 4First enino wn ie jvoking man, Inv red fez afd a long whito shirt, carryiig u cane. ‘Thon came two or threo dozen bors and girls, bnif-nuked, footsore, weep. {ng ag thoy Hinped along, or trying to sing a kind of slow chorus, and them nnothor in with a eane, whiel 0 freely used to encour the folterers, This was nu gang of day-lnborers, Theso poor Uttlo wretches... wero pald a microscopio sur,—at least tt was pald to tho tiskmustor,— and wo may hope nyulust bono that thoy ever wotany of ft. It was shocking to seo young gicls carrying huge burdous of carth or baskets of Mmo for the builders, or running up and down to the bill for wator,—tholr feet, and often thelr baro shoulders, blecdiug, Forced Inbor tg stilt thorulo ull through Een as it probably waa thirty centuries nzo. All tho groat works ‘havo Deen performed by it. Farther on he tells of the ceremonial of the Prophet's day, and graphically narrates the ipumney ou horsebuek of the Sheykh of the ‘aictich dervishes over the bodies of his de- yoted diselples: Fighting my way with dimculty to the edge of tho Ivo; a Tsaw somo 200 nen lying closa, side by side, all thelr bare fect turned ono ‘way, ull thefr faces hidden in tholr folded arms. Aman walked along on thom, and Jammed thom closer und closer, ‘Then, ono after unothor, alx mon, bearing tati standards, trod heavily past. + + + At length the Shoykh appoarod, Ho was receded by'n standard-bearer. ‘Tho horse was fol by two inen. Ills gait was very Unatandy, and tho Shoykh, a lurge, dark man, of middlo aye, appeared to bo asleop or fainting in tho suddle, and, though ho was supported by two men, rockod heavily from side to slde. The Uorso, n fine, gray Arab, went vory slowly, a8 if {impressed with the solemnity of “the acénston, ‘They wore past iu a moment, but not before 1 had henrd the sound of tho horde’s hoofson the uion’s bodica,—a hollow thump which haunted my care all tho rest of tho day, Of tho anclent Egyptians he says: Thoy lvod in timber houshs, the windows of which woro small in compurison with tho wull- space, and the doorways narrow. Provision was mude everywhere for awnings and curtains, to keep outtho midday heat and the midnight cold, Thelr clothing wus but scanty, but they ‘wore caroful to caver the heid with kerehict orarug. Tho women were very modcatly clnd, and wore more than a single surmont,—the outer ono reaching nuarly to the fout. The bir was pluited, but was tied’ round the forehead by asiuple riband, Tight-Inclug bad not been in= vented, nor tho uso of shoes, ‘ ‘Tho oxtracts quoted will glvo nn {den of the general tone of the work, .(A Ride in BDF att By W. J, Loftle, Ne ‘ork: Mac- milan & Co, 2 vi Cloth, Price, $3.) . EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS, ‘Wo agreo with the publisher in his opinion as to the typographical features of ' this product of his press, It {ago full of faults, and contains 80 many errors, that there Is little pleasure in looking {¢ through, Tho attempt. to improve. upon the eustomary spelling of the proper name " Herodotus,” by. changing the second “0% Into an.1" wherever the word occurs, ls not one, how- oyvr, to be Inid at his door, didn be Dr, Fish has produced a book which ts, to acertaln extent, a valuable compendium af facts and figures, but which dogs not contain anything new, or'add, to what was known before, It {snot a newly-proposed view, but areltération of older-ones, More sclentifo . in {ts ecope than the work by Dr. Solss, moat readera wilt profor the latter ag moro intel- Ugible,' equally comprehensive «(except a3 to one point), ‘and: better Written, In'saying tlils,.we, do nok underrate tha.amount of luborrequired to gather together thestatistica in Dr, Fish’s work, ° But it is only a compila- tlon, and-as-such not supertor to others, And, 54 to the mathematical feature to which follow! Dr, Fish/gives:so thuch space,—the quadra- turo of tho olrale,—but ttle Lenetit tins ever been derived from the, time and Inbor be- stowed upon this proiiem. ‘Tho disovery of the binomial theorem go far ts tie only result, In fact, the French, Acadamy of Selence and the Royal Soclety of London decided tong, agonot to examing any paper pertaining to’ this subject. Mfr, Shanks, in 1853, obtained tho inaximum ratfo of 037 figures, It has been declared by eminent authorities that eltheran drithmotleal or geometrical solu. tion of tho,problem is impossible, ‘The study of the Pyramtds hing effected Important discoveries. ‘Tho Great Pyramid stands at the npex of the Delta of the IIH, in the centre of the habltable globe, and tho ex- acteentre of the Jand-surface of the whole world, ‘This curlows fnet is not mentioned In Mr. Fiah’s work. Nor does he allude to thé existeneo of the numerous pyramids In other portions of the world, and particulariy those In Mexico, go lke the Exyptian In size, form, consteucllon, and apparent me Of these Fergusson says: ** 1f we still hes tate to pronouncs that thore was any connces tion between the builders of the pyramids of Suku and Xochieatco, the Ikeness Is start- ing and dificult to necount for on the theory of neckdental colneldence.”” Dr, Fish has never visited tho Pyramids, at least that fs our {nference from the absenee ofall allusion to any personal observations. Jils theories nstothe use for which the Great’ Pyramid was Intended are merely conclusions based on exainination of the opinions of others, And here there fsa wide divergence of opinions, Mardly any two writers ngree, Prof. Pinzzi Smyth holds that the design, origin, and destlny of the Great Pyramid are theistic; that it embodies Divino revelations; that it was never intend- ed for a royal tomb, but was rather an astro- nomieal depository or wor kshioy, Prof. Van Rhyn_ says of the theories of Smyth, that “They are not supported “hy the nceounts of the nneients, nor by the Egy; tinny disor tlons, nor by other testimony. The Pyramids were tombs, and nothing else.” Tn this oplnion Mr. Bonwick agrees, But Dr. Van Rhyn goes further, aud declares that the massive sarcophagts’ contalnied a wooden coflin-in whieh was the richly-decorated ununmy of a King; and that this muminy was earried away when the Caliph Mamoun, in the beginning of the Ninth Century, forced lis way Imaine Pyranid tn pursuit of plun- der. Dr, Fish says thore is no evidence that the Pyramid ever contained n corpse, Dr, Grant ngrees with Prof. Smyth in his belief that tho snrcopliagns was not_n coffin, enuse it had no cover, Henry Field—a per- sonal observer—nassorts it ns a singular taet that the sarcophagus had no cover. But the writer from whom Dr. Fish derives his opti- Tons suse thereiwix acover, and the marksare stlilevident whore were the lintels, and hinges, end fastenkngee And so the discussion goes ravely on. Dr. Fish concludes “thatthe Grent Pyramid has ‘a destiny intimately comected with future selence; In tho past, n prophecy of changes to come; and inall ages to be a pillar and ‘witness’ to the Lord? In thishe enters Into the realm of bropheoy, where he fs us Ilkely to be wrong as right, and where his opinion has equal welght with thatof any one else who may feel inelined to speculate on the question. ‘The true solution of this te Cea inystery ” may. prove it to bu no mys- ery nt all. (Egyptian Pyramids—An Analysis of_ 1 Great Mystery. By Everott W. Fish, M.D. Chicago: G. If. Jones G Co. 1Lvoly cloth.) TILE EGOTIS'T. Mr. King, the author of the “Essays of Life,” grouped together under tho title of “The Egotist,” Is a Philadelphia lawyer. Ie has had a wide and varied experience, and has found timo to note and enlarge upon the results of his experience. These comments aro comprised in a volume of some 260 pages, in which are tersely.treated about 200 sub- jects, Ils opinions are’ deelded; they, are also colored with his personality, whieh pre- vents them from sinking to the position of mere commonplaces, The writer is not al- ways original In hls. subjects or mode of treatment, Nor docs he claim to be, He Bays? No man knows from whenco came tho thougnt ho writes: but ho knows that It bas dwolt with him,—thnt, if it be not the child of bla awn Dood, It fs'the child of his adoption. It comes tw hitns tho waters to tho hillside spring, ‘Tho earth. drinks the ruindrops, and through her pores they. gather, and then bubble out the pure: spring. Bo with what we know. Tho drops of thought fall upon the soul, ‘They’ gather, and pour out tn writing, speech, or fon. Whore ‘each drop comes from, no man can tell. A sefense of pe doctrine of “ussituilation,? very neatly put. There is nutteh in Mr. King’s work that {s serious, enrnest, and practical; but It fs het- ter defined us a serles-of suggestions rather than by the moro protentious title of “ Es- says of Life.” ‘There is not an “essny ? be- tween the two covers; but every page is filled with suggestions, and the scopeot thavolume {s to enable the author to relleye his mind of a multitude of pregnant thoughts on persons, subjects, and things. [tis more than an ore dinary work, without Being extraordinary, (The tist—Essnys of Life, Hy Henry. King. Philadel phing Claxton, Remsen & Liaffelfinger. 1 yol., cloth, Price, $1.50.) THE TAPESTRY-ROOM, ‘This is a child’s romance, written by Mrs. Molesworth,—no stranger in this fleld,—and Iustrated by Walter Crane in his own pe- cullar manner, ‘Too Jate for the holliay- season, it is an attractive and approprinte book for a child at anytime. It narrates with becoming fidelity .tho adventures of two children, who, undéF the leadership of n se- dato raven, make exploring expeditions into Fairyland. The tanestry-hangings aro meta- morphosed {nto reality, and tho castle, so skillfully delineated in worsted, becomes for them a veritable palace of enchantment, The book potnts no moral It fs a story well told, and interesting widoubtedly to’ those for whoin it was fi’ snded.. (“The 'Tanesry-Room." By Mrs, Moles- worth. London: Macmillan & Co, 1 yol. Cloth, {Mustrated, Price, $1.50.) ENGINEERS? AND _ SURVEYORS" MANUAT. Michnel McDermott, C. E., the well-known surveyor of this elty, hus brought out a work of 624 pages undor the nbovo title, which ombodices the research of x lifetime, and appears to contain about all that the en- gincer and surveyor needs to know, and much mora than forms the repertoire of most gentlemen In the profession. ‘Tha work Includes instructions in surveying and civil engineering, and so much of practical astron- omy ag fy reuuired in the work of surveylng, fncluding determinations of compass-errom, and tubles of stur-positions for several years in advance. | Ittrents also of goodoticnt Juris- pruclonce, the anulysis of soils and ‘vege- bles, hydraniles, bridges, strength of ma. terlals, valuation of real estate and improve- ments thereon, ute, etc. ‘The traverse table, exweclall calculated for the work, ia unusu- ally full, In fact, the book fs a genuine miultuin in parve of surveyors’ knowledge; and will achieve for its author a wide an enduring fame, BRADWELI'S REPORTS, ‘The fourth volume of the dvelsions of the Appellate Courts of this State, compiled by Judge Bradwell, has juat been recelved, / It contains all the remnalulng opinions of the Fitst District not published !n Volume 3, up to Jang 1, 1880; all the romalning opinions of the Second District up to Novy 3, -1870; all the reinatuing opinions of the ‘Third District up ta Dee. 1, 1870; and ail the remulniny opinions of the Fourth District up to Jan, A 1880, It 1s gotten up In the excellent manner that has characterized the former yolumes; and special attention Is called to the elaborate Index, which {lla no ‘less than forty-seven pages, ‘The volume fg stereotyped, printed, and bound by the Chitearo Legal News Com- pany ‘and f4 furnished at the low price of Ly B volume, ‘ . —— : MAGAZINES, . The -Etcher for November has three illus- trated articles—the Tin Ghaut, Whitby, by David Lons; Bunning Themselves, by H. I. Robertson; and Rotherhite, by W, J, Coapor, ‘The descriptions accompanying the. otchings glve’them addittonal valuc,. The magazine 1s published in Londov, but J, W, Bouton Is tho Ameriéan agent, , The Idbrary Magazine is one of the eclectic: periodicals, Its January number containass.- “The Russian Gypsies"; “The Philosophy of Cgtor!’; Jon Ruskin's Jotter en The Lord’s Prayer and the Church !t; * Tho diltgrary i ture"; PU A Are ce : rans rr " Fools", ms dua'a First, Sermon; and ee iT, i THE GHICAGO. TRIBUNE: .SA'TURDAY,. JANUARY. , 17,,.1880—S{XTEEN PAGES. others,—closing with aifariféle on THe Late John Blackwood,” taken from Blackwond’s ‘Mayazine. Pubahed by the American Book Exchange, in New York, The American Architect and Bultdin Neiea for the first tivo weeks in January 1s at band. The numbers contain the usual amount of cnrefdlly-selected articles on architectural and‘ kindred’ subjects. Tho Mustrations comprise ft design for Trinlty Church, Boston, and also aye for the Wasti- ington Monument; and an gulatrable sketch of the Old Market-Hall_at Meehiin, by C, IL ogwe Published by Houghton, Osgood & 0. z The Penn Afonthiycontains {ts usual sum- mary of tho events of the mouth, and nrticles on speelal subjects by daute Ray, M.D, who writes on “Tlic Isolation of Persons In Mos- pitals for the Insane’? Joseph G. Rosengar- ter, who treats of The Poor in Paris’; W. Th, who has.“¢A Word on Legal-Tenders "5 Col. Wickham Hoffinan, " Russian Supersti- tions”; and Prof, Robert Ellis. Thompson, who discusses “The Silver Question in En- gland.” ‘Chere are also the ustial reviews of new books and miscellaneous matter, The Nineteenth Century for January con- ining articles on: “Russian Nihilism,’? by Fritz Cunliffe-Owen; “George Canning, by Viscount de Redeliife: “Athletles in Public Sehouls,? by the Hon, Edward Lyttleton: Hiedrn ‘and Phédre,” by Lionel Tennyso: urchase in the Chureh,” by ‘Jolin Martineau; lgin Species and Genera,” yA “Dr. Abbottand neon £lizabeth,? by James Spedding: 0 Fashioned, Gardentiigs® by Mrs, Pat Criminal Code, 1879," by Justice ephents “Athelatic Methodiain,” by W. II. Mallock$ and 'War-Correspondents and the Authorl- thes,” by Archibald Forbes, ‘The contents of Appletons’ Journal for February are os follows: ‘The second and coneluding part. of Cherbullez’s novelet, A Stroke of Diplomacy"; “The Comedy- Writers of tho Restoration”; ‘Mirneles, Prayer, and Law,” by J. Boyd Kinnears “Tite fn Brittany”: "The Seany Side,” by Walter Besant ‘and James Rice, Chapters XXVIL-XXIX,5 “Teaching Grandinather— Grandmother's Teaching,” by Alfred Austin; “Tho Russian Gypsies,” by Charles G. Lee land, which seenis to have found especial favor with the editors of eclectic magazines; “First Impressions of the New World,” by the Duke of Argyll; Editor's Table; Books of the Day. The American Cathotle Quarterly Review begins Its fifth year with the January num- ber. Its contents are particularly interest- Ing, Au article on “Pretended Unity of Modern Philosophy ‘vig by the Rey. J. Wing. Bishop Beeker writes on “ Vocations to the Py jesthiood™s the Rev. Aug. J. Thebaud on “Socialism at the Present Day: Dr. Dan- jel Gans treats of the “ ayenenstty, for Infalli- bility’; and A, de @. of “ Archbishop Gib- bon and Mis Eplseopalian Critic, Dr. Stearns "; “English Manners” is the sub- Ject chosen by A. Featherstone Marshall; and J. Gitmary Shea, moved thereto by re- cent articles In the North american Review, attacks Mr. Froude in an article entitled, "Is Froude a Wistorian?” “Insanity as 0 Plea for Criminal Acts.” by the Rev, Walter J. i, and “The Stack-O'llara Case,” com- plete the content of this number, The Fortnightly Revicw for January con- tains nrticles on YTreland, ” by Dr. Nellson Ifancock, who sums up that tho wants of that much-wanting country, “from a Liberal Unionist potnt of view, are religious equality made complete, equal educational advantages: and privileges with Great Britain, equal Poor laws seith Zin elond, localization of juris- diction.carried to the sume extentas in En- gland and Scotland, and ono erlminal law for the whole Kingdom.” Henry Dunekley con. tributes an interesting biographical sketch of Mr, Gladstone, and 11, 11. Stratham writes on “Tfandel.” ‘The other subjects treated ares “Freedom of Land,” by ¥. 11 Farrer; * Con- yersations with M. de Clreourt” (a French writer but Jittla known), by the Inte N. W. Sentor; “Colorado,” by J, W. Barelay, M. YP; and “England of To-Day,” by MD. Thraill, with a note by tho editor, John Morley. The Untted Service for February has been received. Its table of contents is unusually fully Amongathers, * Wants of the Navy,” by Commodore Simpson; “The Naval Polley ot the United States,” by Commodore Ran- som; and ‘Tho Sizn-Language of the North American Indians,” by Lieut.-Col. Mantery,are Iikely to attractespeclal attention, The other articles are: “Feading a Great Army,” by a Commissary of Subsistence; A Chapter of Mythological Astronomy,” Part IL, by Lieut, Kelley; ““ Estublishments of: Military Educa- tion In Prussia,” translated by Lieut. Gree ley; “Education. of Naval Constructors,” by Naval-Constructor Wilson; “The Auto- blograpits of nn Old British Soldier,” Part .H. Siddons; “Joshua's Rellef of attle of Beth-loron,” by Gen, Do Peyster; “Una Nayiz,” translated from the Spanish by Lieut, Lyons; “ Whiffs from an Old Snilor's Pipe,” by E. Z. Bowllne; and “The Campaign of Selma,” by Lieut.-Col, Beaumont. The editorial notes treat of a variety of topics of Interest to military and. naval men, "Tho United Service is published in Philadelphia by Mamersly & Co, BOOKS RECEIVED, NAwA—Sequel to L'Assommotr, By Emilo Zola, Transtatedd by John Stirling. Part I. Paper. Price, & cents. Annvar Tteronr or Tie Posrwasren-GENenaL yor 1870. Washington, D, C.: Govornment Printing Oltico. Scrar-Book Recrrations, No. 1. By Hi. M. Sopor. Chicago: F, 8. Denison. Cloth, 50 cents; paper, 25 cents. Common BeNaE IN CrURcH-Buitpina. Ry C.G, Gardner. New York: Bicknell & Comstook, 1vol., oluth, Price, $1. Our Ancmectonr AND Irs Drygors—A Crit + teal Essay. Ny John L.Smithmyer, Washing- ton, D.C. * Paper, 23 pages, Fasuny Prayer. By authority af tho Upper House of Convocation. Now York: E.8. Dut- ton &Co. I vol, cloth. Prico, 8 centa, ‘Tuy Ant or Srzci. Vol, 1.—Studios in Pootry und Prose, By L. F. Townsend, D.D. Now York; D, Appleton & Co. Cloth, Price, 60 conta, Histony ov New York, DysMra. Martha J, Lamb. New York: A.S, Uarnes & Co. Sold only by subscription. Part 3, Vol, Il, Pricu, 50 conts, Prevungs. By Maurico Pe Tean. {Published to aid In the rehuttding, of the Univeralty of Notre Dame.) Philadelphin: Rotor F, Cun- ningham & Son, lvol., cloth. Price, $1. QGuwat GtncERs—Fausting Vordain to Henriettn Sontay. Handy Volume Series, Dy George F. Ferris, Now Sop TD. Appleton & Co, 1 vol, paper. Prico, &) conts, LITERARY NOTES. E. P, Dutton & Co. have nearly ready 2 completo edition of Canon Farrar’s “St Paul,” iu onv volume, octavo, Some relies of Burns, consisting of his Masonte apron and mallet, and the minute book (bearing Ihis signature) of the Lodgo St. Andrews, Dumfries, of which the poct was an afiiiinted member, were sold In Edinburg recently for £21, ‘Mr. Whitley Stokes has recently printed at Calcutta, for private circulation, a volume of “Indian Fairy Tales,” containing thirty stories, the greater part of which wero told In. Hilwdoatan by native servants to his daughter and afterward written down in En- lish by the young Indy and annotated b, the into Mra. Stokes, J J - Friedrich Von Bodenstedt, the German post who Is now in this country, is best own as the author of Lieder yon Mirza Soha ‘Those Sones have gone through moro thon elghty editions In German, ‘They have also been translated into a piiiilior of other Janguages, not tho least being a trans- lation Into Habrew, An’ English translation has recently been made, ‘i A correapondent in South Taven, referring toan item In Inst weok's * Literary Notes, thinks a translation of tho work for tho pub- Neation of which Sorvetus was burned would find a rendy sale in our book market, We doubt it “Except as a, matter of curlosity fow would care for the work, It-was a treatise on thu circulation of the blood, and tha Idess then set forth are obsolete to-day, while biblophilists would care nothing fora translation, ’; Marat, thenotorlous heroof tho first French revolution, the sane whe met his death at the hands of Charlottes Corday, was the author of several important essays on elec tricity, This fuct was recently brought to noice by Mr, A, J, rust, ‘Most of Marat’s rks wore written dotween 1779 and} aud several of them iwero translated tute German, Robesplerre, alsa wrote an article on the Jightning-conductoy for the Journal des Savanta. . Encouraged by the suecess of his recent id Bibliography of Ruskin,” which had passed Ahrough four editions in ‘little more thinta ‘eur, Mr, Richard Heme Shepherd las been for avjue time, past en, on another work of the same ature scope, ontitied “‘Lhe Bibliography of Dickens; a ‘Bibliographical List arranged {n Chronological Order of the PubUshed Writings u::Prose and Verso by | disap fears, the #0-callad Charles Dickens, from 184° to’ 1970." ‘This ilte work will contain many Items -and en- trles of interest, entirely new to: collectors, and will remedy, says.the Academy, . the lating deficiencies in, 9 recent attempt of alts Janes Cook, of Paisley, in the same dl- rection. + ¢ "4 “Encyclopedia Britaunien” naalnst J. 3 Stotldart & Co, to entjoin the tepublication of certain copsrighted articles In the American. teprint edition of the compel an accounting, have excited “general Interest. Judge Hutler, before whom the prellininary motion was argued, lias dechded agaist the plaintiffs, Jiis ¢ lectsion was based ound that the Injury likely to result Intiis froma dental of the motion would be very auch less than that whieh would be suffered by the defendants If {twas ranted before the trin. Were tho fnjunc- jon Isstied, the entire fleld would be giver to the publishers of the orlzinnl work to the ex. clusion of the reprint; while in a denial of the Injunction the plaintiffs would suffer very Nite if any, diminution in the sales of their article, x A Phitadelphis publishing house have in preas A work by Maj. Serpo Pinto, The King’s Rifle, froin the Atlantic ta the Indjan Ocean; Across Unknown Countries,” ete. which will attract attention, Maj. Pinto has opened up an finnense tract of new country. ‘The geographical results of his Journey have already been recognized as of the highest Importance by the principal geographers of Europe. As indicating the perils of the jour- ney, it may be mentioned that of the entire force composing the expedition, and number- Ing over 100 souls, only two or three sure vived, the rest belnyg Sustroyed by savages, fever, wild beasts, fauiine, und other dangers on the way. ‘The title of the work is derived from tho fact that on his departure on his Tong and perilous journey, the King of Portu- gui presented hiin with his own rifle —a tine weapon, valued at £500, M. Quantin announces for pubdiication early next year a maguificent edition of the “Complete Work of Rembrindt,’ repro- duced under the direction of M. Flrmin De- Jange. The work of preparation las already been carried on for four years; nor is thls very long, considering that it is a question of reproducing in perfect fae-simile by the most approved new processes the whole of the en- grayed work of: the great Dutch master, con- sisting nltogether of 350 plates, ‘Three hun- dred of these are now ready, but, as they still need a certain amount of supervision before they are issued, the work will not be published hefore Mareli 15, M. Charies Blanc suppiltes the Hterary portion of it, writhy a description of and commentary on cach plate. A catalog raisonné is ulso provided, hs well ag a chronological table arranged by M. Charles Blane in the order which, after miuch study, he has come to the conclusion should he followed fn regarding Rembrandt's perplexing work. This is a subject upon which, as is well known, no two authorities ever agree. This edition will contain twenty- two unique plates of the Amsterdam Miso um, as well tis those of the British Museum and the Bibliothtatie Nationale, ANT NOTES, “ It's stated that n valuable picture of David Teniers has been unexpectedly discovered at Pesth, in the house of the elder Maleczky. Inthe concours of the Paris Ecole des Beaux Arts a Brooklvn art student, Ken- neth Rylance Cranford. carried off the hon- ors for the best life drawing, Gerdme presid- ed on the occasion and made the award, Abmutred and thirteen commemorative monumenta have, within tha vast twenty years, been erceted in various party of Italy to its arent poets, scientists, philosophers, und artists of the past, and ta the statesmen and warriors who nided in Italiun unification, Nuremberg, in spite of many protests, has at last decreed that her wonderfully interest- ing old wall, with its many towers, must come down, fo give the city a chance to srow, Rumors of plans to do this work have een current for some time, and there scems pow to be no doubt of their melancholy ruth. 4 i “ Annibale Carneci is dend,” says the Lon- don World, but James MeNelll Whistler is. very niuch alive, He has painted a big pict- ure of a former ‘patron,’ representing him at full length aga demon, with peacock scales, hooked claws, and 9 ruffled shirt, sented at a plano, and playlng a noctunn—''fhe Gold cab,’ ‘The Governor-General of Canada is said to be mueb interested In the formation uf a Can- niian Academy of the Fine Arts, Tho objects In view are the formution of a National Gal- lery of Art, the holding of exhibitions in the pivelval cities of the Dominion, and the es- ‘Ablishnent of schools of art and design, ‘The number of academicians is to be Ihnited to forty, and there are to be associates, honor- ary members, foreign aeademichins, and hon- orary retired academicians, ‘The first: regu lur exhibition will soon take place, A pleture which has in {ts time under- gone several very severe ordents is tobe put up at public auction at the Hotel Drouot Paris, this winter. Itis the “Judgment oi Solomon,” by Rubens, whieh, while in tho museum at Antwerp, was struck by a can- non ball urhue the siege in 183, and was so damaged that its repairs amounted to 1,200 francs. Its warllke adventures did not, how- ever, end here, for after its removal to Paris it reeelved another cannon shot during: the revolution in 1848, which struck it, If we are to belleve tradition, In exactly the samo spot nsthe formor one. This’ wound has al been carefully healed, : The Academy says the Berlin National Museum has just been enriched -by what is declared to be the Inrgest modern group of seutpture extant. ‘The artist {s Prof. Gustav Muller, of Coburg, a sculptor long resident at Rome, who has been _engaged upon this work for cleven years. It is.n Promethous group, representing the bound Titan nt the moment when the eagle first pierces his body with his claws, while two Oceanides, beautl- ful nude female figures, endeavor to loosen his chains, The one tries to ward off the bird, the other sinks down overcome with horror, The conception and execution are sald to be very fine, and the figures, espeelnl- ly the female ones, are highly praised, Tho whole group ts modeled out of ong block of the finest and purest Carrara marble, welgh- ing tliree hundredweight, which {td owner ruardetl a8 such a unlgue muss that It was wit aintoulty. that he was porsuaded to part with The ‘starting polntin this scionce fs with natural forces auch as gravitation, chemical force, electricity, magnetism, light, heat, and sound as cnergies or forees capable of doing work. The writers on tha relationship and convertibility of these forces are Moyer, Joule, Helmholtz, Liebig, Carpenter, Tyndall, and many others, Chemistry fsconcerned in tho effects of these focces upon matter in its molecular and atomtc condition. Everything in the unfyerse (na far as known) {s re- duclble to sixty-odd eloments, such as dydra- gon, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, fron, sodium, and so on. ‘These atoms have been welghed, and, according to the Inductive method of Bacon, thelr proporiies sought out in evory conccivable way, ‘These material atoms re- spond to or beliave in different ‘ways in the presence of tho forces actuating thom, ap- parently scoking orbitul motions ike minute planeta forced to revolve ‘about a heavier molecule, ag the earth turns round tho sun, Beautiful analogies have been traced in this way botween atomic and planetary motions, but physielsts such as Tyndall sre more especially cluctdating the vibratory motions of matter. This selentist advises the plain- esfand coarsest analogics as useful in ex- plaining physical phenomena, as truth loses nothing by being fully understood. Those forces might be ikonod to tle oceante rip- ples or waves. |. 4 oe Suppose we had the power of magnifying these waves of forces many million times, we would sey the tremendous surge of n son of atoms maguitied to marbles, dashing against the drum membranes of ‘our earg,‘smaller and still smullor billows roll in quick ir thine, and sixteen of these waves {n yeallty oc- curring in one second constitutes our tippro- elation of lowest base notes of sound,—i0,- 000 in a second the highest troble. Returning to our maguitiod waves, we flud they aro yory much sinaller, and that, however much theup and down ‘side of the waves huve tho ability to toss the atonw aloft has not diminished, ouly these atoms do not yn 80 high; these subdued waves are heat, horten up the time of the waves, and crowd more Into a glyen moment, and ght ppeurs: The Nght ranges through red to violet und chemeul force cone stltutlng noxt geries, Which has merge ea represent electric! lites: Lit Eaplaco eateulutos as gravilutlon, becuuso ‘The alts brought by the proprietors of the neyclopmdia ant to- kd {t nets so Instantancously in Interplanetary | populattén ‘of 173,850,000. ‘Thess Bautes aro, space, cane ed ey of course; ont Tavproxtrante. ani et. aise timentt to one Tinned to dor #0 Vouk nian and Kugilst: guographers thinkethejn ted q 100} pon sucht it i 7, Heght, fieat, and! sound in this way} Due the. soba formes -estimnal ng. the pore ‘eye 8 rexults of so doing fully justify the en- eae EE NS | denvor. ‘Then ‘these ‘forees ara_ at work, | VESUVIUS'’DUNING AN ERUPTION; ‘molding up r forks, forming swater, fear- | Dr, Lewis, {ty Hardwick's Sci oust, » slowly or nt one stroke, and slowly or | Sives an Interesting necount of unwdectit Ou --:* rapidly building up on the other land. Here begina the connection between physics ortho science of forces and chemistry, the | relenco of matter with biology, the selence of life. Heat hatehes the exer, gorminates plants, vivifies Nature In.countless ways; the other forces lend their ald, and here wa have arnyitation, hert, ‘light, electricity, ‘and all mores of motion “working upon matter to mold itiinto new forms of life, Ai plant and animal texture fs ultimately reducihie to acell form.calied protoplasn or hioplasm, This microscople cell {s found to be identical in all plants and -animnls, Front it bones, enrtilnges, muscles, nerves are built, seem- ingly by one piece of protoplasm betng lo- ented Where tho molecnies most: suitable t the tissue ft is Intended to‘ become? are most abundant. ‘Lhus one piece of Protoplasin, or community of Glonlests, piigage nll the car- onate and ‘phosphate of [ime comin way, nnd bony tissue Is the result; anol select alanis mont piuitable. for maulesia Bote struction, etc, is necessary, to kee) mind that this bioplasm iginainly made of oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon, and has the ower of absorbing Bimflnr atoms und grow. Ing Into new shapes, sizes, and numbers by such absorption. Like produces Ike, and wo are related to plants and lower animals just as the shanty May be made of the same kind of bricks which forin a palace. Tho laws of organic Nature are: First—Ench ltving thing, plant, or animal grows to full development only by increase of inags and Incrensed force consumption. Sccond—This inerease entalls augmented force needed for its physiological action, and te ic, some ratlo the functional products are Third—Parts multiply in, proportion as we ascend the series of living things, and grenter complexity in the organic machinery. fol- Jows, bécause of the diversity both of “func- tlons and organs. Fourth—As parts and functions becomd more complex and become speciallzed,—that ig, eapable of doing one certain thing Letter than other parts, as the hand can grasp better than the font,—these paris become synehron- ous in actlon, that is, they get acquainted with ench other’s peculiarities to such an ex- tent that they work harmoniously for tho general good, while, atthe same time, each part must suffer with or for the others. Fifth—Organisms modify themselves to circumstances, and eventtally grow to be best suited apparently to such surroundings qnong which they have been compelled to Arive, Strth—Heredity or the law. of fixity of species, whereby there isn tendency to keep up acondition of things which was at first the result of surroundings, and to set up ag 0 barrier against new environments, It is tho spirit of conservatism and perpetuation which inakes n dog beget dogs, and prevents or hin- ders civilization of suvazes, Other subsidiary developmental Inws ac- crue, but are somewhat ‘fully embraced fn the foregoing. As to tho uses of this new selence, or rather new grouping of old selences, they are Incaleulable when man full: lerstands the conditions under whieh he tyes, thrives, pesos diseased or super- unnuated, and dies; when he Knows ttt mately the forees which beeonie his friendly allies when he uses thein, often his relentless enemtes when he misunderstands or abuses them, then and not till then will he know the truth as to why lie is here-and whither he is criti, Biology, like other selences, is the truth; it must be studied 28 such and for Its awn sake, regardless of. any ipse dixit or dogma which would chain Sts progress and hand us hack to the Dark Ages, ‘The pr teal application of the study are merely tn dental to it, Tho world rushes heedlesly along, benefited by every such conquest, but indifferent ts to its source, Utillzers of scientific discoveries such as Edison, Murse, or Field deserve all the good fortune that befalls them, but the consctentions, Indefati- ible investigator is seldom rewarded us Tyndall, Faraday, Proctor, Wersehel, elm- holtz, Llebig have been. More often he fs in Worse condition even than was poor ‘Thomas Edward, -of Banff, Scotland, who, being a born naturalist, pursued his researches amit poverty, abuse of tho vilest kind, repeated josses of his collections, compelled tu day at men ng shoes for pittance and. hunt ‘among Inis Joved animals at night. This nat- urallst has :done. as much as any single Individual, however circumstanced, to for- ward our knowledge of animate existence, and, in hisdeciining years, he Is rewarded by his Queen with recognition in the shupe of £50 per annum, ad he turned his attention to improving engines of war for tlextroying life, it 1s prob- able his genius inight have won more aub- stantial regard, 'To return to thesubject. We mentioned the usefulnbss of the selence of biology ns rather ultimate than. Immediate, There are many present outcomes from it, however. It is un- deniuble that a minrossowls acquaintance on the part of physicians with the human body §s of se In discerning diseases, and hndient- Ing their treatment; lology Jays down fixed laws as aids to such studless further, it is chasing with myriad eyes such things as spores und disease-germy, and oven a failure in the search becomes negatively useful by showing us that some other direction must be chosen for investigation into the cnuses of dlseuses and thelr prevention. It tends to en- Nghten us as to the properties of everything which grows or, mmuves on the face of tho earth, thus ensunlly Fiving ua new, better, and cheaper foods and inedicines, and tench ing us where and how they may best be pro- cured. Such revelations inevitably result in a better understanding between individuals and nations, and foster a spirit of tolerntion, though engendering o persixtent senrch for truth, even though he search entails the re- linqulshment of every pernielous deluston we have hugged to our bosoms for ages. work all & trifliny ‘THE GALLED JADE.” ‘Tre Trmmune alluded last week to the dis- covery of a jade scraper of great antiquity at Geneva. Now Max Moller writes to tho London Times : “ Scrapers or cutting Instru- ments made of real jade are very rare, in Switzerland and elsewhere, but I have my- self scen several beautiful specimons,—among the rest, one found by Dr. Uhlmann, of Monchen-buchsee, whose collection of Iacus- trine antiquities, all taken out by his own hand from one and tha same small lake, the Moossee-orfsec, is perhaps the most authen- tic and most instructive collection !n the whole of Switzerland.” Prof. Moller dovs not sea auy difficulty in believing that the arly aan * immigrants Into Europe brought with thom and preserved, “from generation to. generation,’ so handy ant go valuable an instrument as a scraper or knife, mando of o substance which 8 are perennivs.” On the sume sub- ject, Mr. Be M, Westropp sands the opinion of- M. esors, ag tollows: “Wo cannot share the opiuion which attrib- utes oxtensive commercial relations to the tribes of the age of stone. In support of this opinion re clteit the hatchots of nephrity (fasts, of which numbers ara found at Con- else and other stations of that epoch; and, 1s thix stone ow comes to ug from the Knat, tt hos boen inferred that tho tribes of the re- note poring in question traficked with Asia, But it should be remembered that the greater part of the hatchets which are assumed to be nophrits may very well be only yarleties of indigenous. rocks, Rroceeilit ¢ from siliceous veins In tho serpentino, and whose depository might bo fund, according to ML. de Mortellat, in the higher Maurionnc, It scoms to us very difileult to adult tat so distant 0 com- tnorco should have beun reatricted to tha ex. chango of curtaly stones, which, afterall, aru not very Bu the East might a furnished objects of fur greater utility, particularly metals.” “! POPULATION OF AFRICA, * Accurate statistics of the population of Af- rica uro not yet obtainable, but much ine portant fnformation has been gathored about tho distribution of the inhabitaits and tho density of the population: in tho different parts of tha country. In tho-region of the great lakes, for example, there are countrics ns thickly peopled ns many of the States of ¥urope. M. A, Rabaud,: {1 a paper pub- Hshed Jn the “Bulletin of tho Marseilles Geographical Boctatyy gives. the following as tha population of the different subdivis- fons of the continent: In the Soudan, population is estimated nt 80,000,000, or about Ung-thres er square inilu; tho tawn of Bida, on the Niger, contalns 80,000 inhabitants. ‘Tho po ilatlon of Eust Afries Is exthnuted at 30,000,000, aud that af Hquatorial Africa ut mbout 40,000,000, One of thd Intest authori, tles divides {he population as fyllows among the great families Into which othnologists, have separated the, Pte Negroes, 130,-' revagy Aauilte aie antes, 00 +, Foolyhi 000, 3, Hy Fi Holtentots 6,000, "This Would givo's total. Mount Vesuvius, made -whilo!' dt arnptlin: was In progress. Hesays: “On Nov, 'f, 1879," the mountain began to show slight slgria of. °° disquietude, which in the coursn of aday or two developed into a minor eruption; ‘a con- dition most suitable for atudy, ‘ From Naple: wero seen to Issue clouds of smoke and at yapor, and at night could be’ seen the strehk’ of reddish Night which denoted’ the. cratér full and tho lava rtinning over the edge. “We determined, therefore, to inake our vistt ta following day., Starting from’; the ,observs atory wa commenced our second, but by far the most difficult, part of the journey. ~~‘ “ Imagine & cone.gome1,000 feet high, com ose clitetty of loose nshos, witly sides of ah inclination between 80 dex. nnd 50 dey (J forsook the regular track for an ‘old Tava streain, which, although very. rough and itn- even, pfforded a. better foothold than the Joose ejeota we had left. In the course of an. hourand s half our path lay through vast clouds of steam’ fssuing beneath our feet, produced by the subterranean «liest. oval rating the moisture that had-fallen in night. Mounting at Inst tho edge of the cri- ter, there was presented to our eyes a scene - so fierce, so wild, thata mind could. hardly concelve the existence of such without seeinig itin reality, cee an atmphitheatrelike .cavity RR ES “Here was filled by recent lava, which had overflow the northern edge and swept down the side of Vesuvius, towards the Atrio del Cavallo.’ In the centre of the Inke rose a cone of sboud thirty-fect In hight, built up of fragments 9 puiniee and Java, that, onan average of half a minute, were blown (white hot a hundred . feet or so into the alr, ‘accompanied By vost” colunins of acid vapors and gases, and loud, rattling explosions, such ag are produced. by aline of musketry, ‘This was followed by the rattling of the falling Pieces on the silo of this cone, thereby adding to Sts size... This cone bears somewhat the same relation to tha crater of Vesuvius as the Intter mountain does to the pretistorle crater of Monte di Somma, Around itin process of construa- tion and activity were scattered three or four fumeroles, which resemble gignntic sugnt- loaves, being covered by inerustations of com mon salt, sulphide of potash, and other sub limates, and from whose summits tssued in & rhythiuieal manner aqueous . vapor,’ and, | apparently by the smell, hydrochloric acid. “We carefully descended the sides of the crater on to the cooled crust of Java. Thig in many places was cracked and fissured,- and, loa! cn down one of these cracks, we could see the red-hot Hauld trachytic’ sea upon which we were renily flonting.: Now with caution we direct our path to one of the fumeroles, on which could be obtained soma beautiful sublimates, Mere, really floatiny on a lake of Huuid fire, standing in vas' clouds of suffocating vapor, not ten yardt from the gigantic chimney of an active vol. an cano belching forth showers of hot. stones \ § 3! whieh It was necessary to evade, tr feck ik? Steen SS ESS loud rolling-like thunder beneath our fee! *, wo recalled te our minds the imaginary visit of Dante to liades under the guidance of Virgil. The scene fascinated our imagino- lon, and produced x profound fooling of awe of imin’s feebleness compared | with - the. gleuntic efforts of Nature, and of his greqt< ness In comparison with iis ancestors, Who, unable to comprehend the selentitic explana. tlon aud Inws under which sueh effects wera and are produced, wera obliged to creata defties of but, slight superhuman power to necount for phenomena which we now uns derstand, § . “The Inva as {t flows appears to all-in- tents and purposes Itke Jiquid asphalte, In the condition It ix poured from the caldrons fy process of paving our streets, except that it is incandeseent. As it flows, it coola an the surface, leaving a crust of sponges like rovk, generally known as ‘seorke, or it. forms for {self un “arched channel through which it flows as ina tub, : a3 “The guide shows some interesting experke =<} ments; first he forces his stick tuto the th stream and pinches offn piece of the. lot. * pasty mass. “Into this he squeezes’ W-coln . 3s and ‘laps over the cdges as if it were.dough +» 5 (i. @, not with his fingers); it Is. allowed ta cool and then broken open to show the lin bedded coli much oxidized. Tongs. with their upposed purfaecs engraved are made ta pinch 2 plece of pasty rock and xo. fonn a, iiedallion, This last tow from Vesuving is 24 of exceeding vitreous: texture, and contaliy an chornous’ wumnber of erystala of leucite, which crystallize out before the lava: Is solid, and thus give to its cooled surface the ap pearance of dough fil of currants, ‘Chis obsidian-like variety, I believe, is an‘ un« common product for.the voleano.” --; i —— a VELOCITY O¥ A RIFLE-BULLET.'! The New York Tribune contains ‘an’ ao count of » lecture recently given by Prof, Robert Spica nt the Cooper Institute, Iu which he accomplished the task of determine Ing the actual velocity of a rifle-bullet fired across the stage. Tho distance mensured on \ the platform was thirty-three feet. ‘lo carry this performance out he had seoured. tha cofperation of Lieut. E, L, Merriam, wlio has gulued some reputation at the Creedmoox Range. In the first place, Prof. Splee called the attention of the audience to a mahogany base, twelve inches by fifteen inches, ox which were placed two levers which carried bent wires to make marks on a-pleco oft smoked glass underneath tho pointe. Ona of these wires was connected with a-pendu- Jum attached to an Attwood machine, vibrate Ing seconds, By menng of electric currente tho lever connected with the pendulum came down on the glass,preeisely at the beginning of each second, making a series of lines separated by spaces soinewhat alinllar to the old Morse nifabet, Conscquently the dis amuse tense aaron ones tga EE EE pamaet on wn Rerlor to common sllex, while” hav tance from the beginning of one Sine to th begtuning of the next represonted a second | of tine, eens The second lever, exact! spring attached to one end, which kept the polnt off the glass, It also had two electra Inggnets, ons at each end, which had “elec: tra currents passed through: of different strength,—the wenker current tending ta + pull the leverdown on the glass, thestronger =” current tending to keep itelevated. Innd 3 dition to this, the currenttrom the stronet 1 magnet passed through a loose wire restiny 3 on two globules of mercury, and Immodlately 4 An front of this wire was to rest the muzzl@ . ( of the riflo, Tho weaker current passed through 1s precisely similar loose wire, alsa « } on two globules nf jnoreury, Which wire wag | [ winced hirty-three fect distant from the first { wire, - : i Lieut Morrlam now came forward and H ‘ i } i i opposit, had -s NREL FeSO I 9 Kaan COTE Toaded his rifle, It was a reguiar Creedmoor, 45-calibre, 4-lch barrel, and placed in ita cartridge containing a hO-grain ball and 4% gralis of powder; oxplalning that this waa not a full charge. Ho thon took: his posk tion. The object was to shoot away the wires on the mercury, A box of sand wat placed to recelve the ball. ‘The penduliun above described waa, then set inmotion. On itsatriking the fifth sec: 3 ond the piste of smoked glass was drawn } along by.the descent of 9 .welgltontietop = 7 of a coliimn of sand which ran outot atube, On the sixth second, Liout, Merriam: ees. ¥ the trigger and both wires vanished, On the’ ¢4 first wire bulng broken the polnt of thecor. + responding lever descens ou the glass, but Br inunediutely ruse agin. by, the. acl a; spring, when the bullet broke ‘the ‘secend - 4 wire, , Tho cousequence of ‘this was thay the-, } point connected with this lover scraped a ed $lnsas while very short ling on the sioke theather polit, ran kent down’ di swing of the pendulum, seraped spre, * ¥ es rhon the glass was withdrawn and,-plac In tha stereopticon, projecting : a) magultied Image of nes on the ‘The relae tive longths of these nes were ascertained, thug obviating auy source of error {n-measurs hig the minute lies on the. smol glass. ils method of mensuring the lengths was pees i Sa SR clulued to by ortginal by the Professor. On this measurement It was found that the shorter Jing was tive ‘inches long, the other ling nine feat and twa Lichus, : ‘Theye numbers were brought down to the common nu fraction of Inches, the result giving 110 inches fer the longer Hpice 5 Tewas' re ald how many times the former was con! In tho ‘lntter, and the fraction thus ohiaihad clearly the fraction of a second that the bul- Jet. took to pass from one wire to the othan— that Is, 1-22 of u second. : Multiplying the diss. at tance between the .wires (thintyctivres feet), - fruetion "the velocity of tho burlet im £604 Was” obtained, namely, iy fost in a second, , i» SCYENTIFIC NOTES. | a +Paper-is now used. to make “bycket’, . “bronzes,” urns,’ asphalt - routiug; ‘waters cans, carpoty, shirts, whold guilty. of glnthes, 'Jowelry, materials for gurdenriwalks. widow: -Ourtalns, lanterns, pooket-hundkurolilefs, 9 stoves, bonts, rallway cattinges dnd carrlagg, i | 4 i