Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 17, 1880, Page 16

17,-.1880—-SIX'TEEN PAGES, population of about 1,280 persons. The en- | queons has died ow aumething stperior , ie dowment was Iittle short of £100,000 In the | must be found to fa their nee Tits lias fehitey 56 T enitalinled Guat Ae ak Ilileg i ie. i r, more nective, aud as docile ', Nie tants, by gifts of money, lisse, proviaion, | as nauecking dofe. A few yenrs ago oud wife done, J tonica slp of 1 and nover in my jig clothes, ete, Surely theso: three Arcadian | chatged the Italians with belng cross would nt faty auth were Cates Teak parishes of Letton, Bredwardin, and Stuun- | bo denounced and the, purity of his bees | strangle Kittle, bh nel ed PivorVye were exceptionally blessed dn | wonld be questioned; but, In arecent number plrongled a Httle, but seeing Uiswarck having fortune descend on then in a shower | of the Beekecper’a a haguzine, {ts editor, ‘once Dina cif as ay tnuell swalbr I tnade og Atty of gold, It might be thought that, with sich | the strongest advocate of the Ltnlluns, says, fuss ny yosginte oh, slow, careful tng is THE CHICAGO: T. SATURDAY, JANUARY EDISON'S LATEST ELECTRIC LAMP, ACTUAL SIZE, ° ve re |: Bridowed Charities and Pau- 4. , perism In Great . oo» . Britain. appliances for thelr we fy athe EHect of Charitable Endow- “ments Wholesome or Un= : wholesome? | ets Showing the Uninvorabie . Workings of tho Present : . System... ’ ‘Useless .and Even Mischievous '... Character of Most of Its ‘Forms, “Pauperism Inorensed, and Thrift, Man- "Vines, Indopendence, and Self- Respect Destroyed, se Macmittan’s Magazine. > * Charity fs n word of uncertain or at lenstof Si yarylng signification, The meaning differs. “, ynecording to the point of view of the different. “persons who use it, To the divine It repre- _sents the highest, the most. comprehensive, + 'the mind of the philanthropist itis connected ‘vith the rellef of nny or all the forins of phys- ‘ent distress or destitution. The mendiennt . ‘or needy recipient recognizes It simply In the concrete, and-Identifies it with the bread, or coal, or blankets, or piece of current coln, isvhich benevolence, officint or spontaneous, ‘Jdelivers Into his hand. And as our Inw ‘makes charlty a much-embracing term, o the influence of many strenms of enevolence, real or affected, issuing ‘forth through n long .successton of years, has covered the land with an irrigating flood, - whether it makes the places on which St rests ‘A FERTILE FIELD OR AN UNWHOLESOME 2 SWAMP. > The object of this paper includes a partial aiscuysion of this question. It will not be foreign to this object to state briefly, for the '$nformation af some to whom the facts may be less familiar, the total amount of endow- ments subject to the Charitable Trusts ucts, ‘the chief heads under which those endow- iments fall, and the amounts applicable under seach head. The watn authority for these de- .taild Is the recently-completedt digest of en- -dowed charities, the work of years, compil.d “In the office of the Charity Commission, In ‘obedicnce to un order of Parliament, from iaterinis derived from the reports of previ- ‘ons Commissions, the reports of Inspectors -of Charities, and other sources: accessible to ‘the Commissioners. From this digest tt ap- “pears that tho total yearly income of the -eharities dealt with fy -£2,108403, Of ‘this sggregate sum, £1,443,177 1s derived «from the rent of fond: and houses; rent- charges produce £115,073, nnd the inconie of personal estate Is £10,218, *"Tho enllective area of the real estate fs ‘mY,81L-neres, about equal to that of ‘the County of Nereferd; and the pergonnlty nid ‘the rent-charzes together would bo repre- ‘sentel by rather more than 424,000,000 of consols. ‘Pie Charity Commissioners, in their twen- .ty-fourth report, arrange these endowments under the following principal heads: «1, Education. & Clergy and “8 Church been -4, Novcontarimists,... + 6, Parochial and other public use: G..diedicul hospitals and dispensaries, , Apprentieing and adyaticement fo } ‘8. Almsfolic and pensioners. 9, Distribution ainong the poor -* “Anexhanstive inquiry into the benring of endowed charities on pauperis would make It neceasary to refer to nll, or nearly all, these -yarlotics of charitable endowinents,—for they all opernte in a greater -or less degree, for good or ill, to bring about the existing social -and economteal condition of the country, “| EDUCATIONAL ENDOWMENTS, for Instance, have no riison d'étre wnless ‘they cundues to the advancement of educa- ‘ton; ‘amd’education again is generally re- garded ns one of the most obyions and ,;eifeetive ‘remedies against that Ignorance, helplesness, thriftlesness, dullness, and uni- <malisn out of which pauperisin is for the ‘ynost part generted, As a matter of fact, In ‘the past educational endowments have in qnany enses ‘not been so administered ns to advance education, and thereby to reduce the amount and lessen the chances of pauperism. There is evidence enough in the report of the “Schools’ Inquiry Comuission to show that, paradoxical.as it nfuy seem, the possession ’ ofa: valuable endowment has been | the ‘obstacle which hag hindered many from hiv- “ing an eflicient and sultable school. And, where this extent of evil has not iprovellecl, etit has often been found that the educa- “Yonnl results were for trom belng coin- mensurnte with the funds employed to pro- duce them, But it would be out of place to enter further Into this questlonouihs present ‘occasion, and it is the Jess necessary to do 40 Deennse the state of things referred to fs passing: nwiy. >The charities, then, with which we are now. chief; concernuc as being more directly re" Yoted to the question of puuperism, are those which have a s DISTINCTIVELY RLEEMOSYNANY CHARACTER, _and are applicable to the material sustenta- tion and comfort of the poor, : “Passing: over medical hospitals and dis- pepearics,<_ywhleh, though quite capable of ing abused, and not altogether free from abuses, are ginongst the noblest and most be- neficont Institutions In the cauntry, product- fve of a good that far outwelghs any acel- dental ovil that may attend upon if,—we muy ‘eoncentrate our altention for present pur- oges on the Inst three varletics of charities ju the Uist previously given. ‘These are: ea 2. Apprenticeship ‘and advancement in life; 9. Almsfolk and pensioners; < 8, Distributions in money or kind, Now, of all these {t muy safely be sald that thelr professed object—pitting It on the low- eat Fionn ts to prevent pauperism, to rescue Individuals from the danger of falling into the pauper class,’to relleve the poverty resulting from age, infirmity, or adverse cir- cumstances, If tiey are not found to be do- Ing this In any adequate measure, or if in muiy cases they ire found to be doing exactly -thé -opposit, and Increasing the evils thoy were futended to diminish, thon it is hard to sea how their existence In Its present form can be justified, or how, in viow of the axiom, Sulus populi suprema lex, they can much longer. insist on immunity from pa . “sweeping reform.” AS TO APPRENTICESHIP-CHARITIES,, /& few: words will suffice, They have no doubt been useful in the past. fy means of them many persons have been lifted out of tho class of paupers, have “learnt to labor truly. and get their own living,” have been substantially advanced 1n life, and somotines raised to a position of competence or wealth. ‘The .most. prevalent . opinion, .however, now is, that apprenticeshipchurities, 1s .at present constituted, “are obsolete, and.that thetruata under which. thoy ure ad- ininistered are adapted to a state of things ‘which hos passed away. ; Bur, even. if, apprenticeship-charitles are : pract cally dead iu the letter, they, may still thade to Hive in the spirit, All they need adaptation to the changy of ‘tues. ‘Then ey may at ones benefit the class for whom ~they were designed, sud {improve the natlon- al industrica, A‘grout del ts sald ubout the need of fechntenl education, Here are fuuds of apartinily educational character, wh! without any fea vlolence to. founders? inten- might be employed to promote it, ‘here, is a feur that the spread of education among the masses will tend unduly ‘to inerenso the supply of candidates seeking employment as clerks and writers in mercantile houses, or in the offices of professional or business men, Such a reforin of apprenticeslilp-charitivs might ected as would counteract this tend- ency, by providing opportunities and en- couragements for youths from public ele ” jnentary schools to ing skilled artisans, or to. acquire such practical knowledge as would qualify them to assist in, and sume ‘thes to Improve, the processes of arts, miu- and manufactures. vs We pass now, : “‘CHANITIES YOR ALMSFOLE AND PENSIONEL ‘These aro nutacrous in ‘most parts of the ETT suey sand the most enduring Christian grace. In: with respect to. which opinions differ as to, “horseshoe” ready to be fixed In tho Iamp, ns shown in Fig. 3, and which becomes luminous by electricity passing * before It 48 put into the Intenso heat of the furnnce to be carbonized. Also, the electric lamp, as attached to actual size for ordinary house uso as it appears rendy for lghting. @, a, platinum vises supporting the carbon a ‘Apparatus for lghting and extingulshing the Ught nnd controlling the electricity. i. ‘The completed carbon Vig. 2, The paper “borsedhoe ordinary gas-fixturcs. ‘ue electric lamp, It has been stated {hey have an Ine parish get this dole, the comforts of the people among whom ‘They commend they are Instituted beyond those of a people where they ave utterly unknown.” lle further speaks of publig charities as “an adhesive nucleus round which the poor accimulate and settle, auisled by vague hopes of benetit. from the charities, which fail to confer.” Tfo adds that they “cause a relaxation of the relative duties of parents, children, and and, as one member of a family ean recelye for all the members, Attendance at church of one only for each household 1s necessary. eurate of the parish sal does the religion of the In the Cify of Worcester a sum of more than £300is given away in doles of 2s each, On a certain oceasion one of the distributors London a, number of florins for the purpose of distribution. On the pensation of the charity various public-houses come of £553,119 themselves greatly to popular s they are reserved who are at once aged, destitute, would seem dificult to speak of therwise than as beneficial institu- ‘They offer to the poor who are un alternative ecussnrity frigid and un- of the workhouse. nnd proper cell, ns Hh Sense Of Tt hip whieh gives Assuming that ‘The effect, 18 0 is that “one person preferable to tho ni syinpathizing hospltality The alimsman in his assignes with lils weekly allowance, ndenee and preprictorsl warmth of color unknown to that of his pauper, ne! But, after all, {tis of tho favorable pre} to ulmshouses must yleld obtained from ‘The following expression of opinion Is taken from the reportof a Poor Law Com- inission of 1844: “In some enses these [charitable founda- tlons] have a quality of ey! selves. ‘Nhe majority of uted among the poor inhabitants of partiet. lar parishes and towns. to be favored by large eharities attract, fore, an undtie proportion of th classes, who, in th day after the «lbs he sent round to the in the elty and_ got his: florins back, realy for the fullowing. year. ably conclusive evidence of money goes” In the warking of these benev- olent foundations. Speaking of this and other Mr. Bryce, in his report to the ry Cominigsion, 81 “T can searcely remember tv si in which nny one who -avas_aske: hfs experience of thelr working did not an- swer that they demoralized ecived them, were a yexation to those who contributed them, and CREATED ORE ighbors and acquaint peculine to them- “the way the hem are distrib- to be feared that many possessions with respect tothe uncompro- Je of facts.” There Is a-sort ticlsin abuut the system Tho places Intended of secular imonas! hope of a trilling NOT CONDUCIYR'TO GOON MORAL TONE. ‘The residents in those picturesque 3s with which we are all f models of content je. Experience t industry. + Povert ouly collected, but creat nelghborhood where the bi ers have manifestly expected to mi WANT THAN THEY ment, thankfulness, and virtu enevolent found acgufred In the inspection or .admini of these Institutlors | the nbolltion of residence, of altisfoll Into outpensioners, A, id. with a proper diseretion tn the would probably do ficent character of The City of Lichileld enjoys some noto- riety in connection with its cl in doles; and though t! the effect of hurltable endow- ing led many to advoento ‘nnd the conversion | «Aft Erle, for man: Commissioner, stated Neweastle’s Commission, ng the r Jong official experience, “sinall pecuniary distr! WERE POSITIVELY LNguntoUs.” in lis report on, endowed oharities anade to the same Commission, has the following observations; “Tt is atrikin not diminish inc ply as the charities | t in Somersetshire, f haye myself seen 9 smal in fact, by a charity.” tional testimony to the same effeet might be adduced did time and space conclusions might arrived at from ‘Theso ‘distributions are of very small amounts,—quite insuilicient ap- ‘hose In- really necessitous: Like Christinas, they come They. aro, apportioned years Chicf Charity eo rule that none in that; In iis opinion, apparently keepl dow! butions in towns iipparently, ping down the poor-rate, yot the charities thomselves are said to fil] theelty with large numbers of the f the most Intelligent eu A Yast qinount of awarding of the penslous, inueh to Incrense the bene! sueh foundations, what fs thelr bearing on pauper- isu? It would seem obvions that they events tend to reduce the amount of ‘The men and women who wre in almshouses would—If tl ninshouses were not there—n many, If not in most cases, have to be maintained out of even If the poor-rate in fhe ag: {a thus relleved, It dues not ne! low that it is proportionally refleved whero relief might most be expected places, namely, W! The truth of this view an extract from the report of & committer Snted to Inquire Into the charltles of tho: Northamptpnshire. This report speaks of nlmshopses as, In truth, nothtng more nor less tuan founda- pauper class, the testhiony o ants, the charities produ idieness, lylng, 3 of self-respect and are grent instruments of they [doles] do genee, Applicants multt pondenees and they demoralization In . Let us glunce at another cathedral city. Mr. Hare shall state the result of his Inqul- ries at Salisbury: “Notwithstanding all the eharitles tho great mags of the poor In Salls- y ARE NOT IN A DETTRR CONDITION, ly or morally, than In: other the endowed charities, | yHlage erented, Indeed these here almsbousas may bq illustrated | considerations, elther physical): places Where preelably to ald! circumstances, but once o year bos iNANY persons 3, avold hividious distinctions and discontent. and grumbling. ¥ as arethereesplents, the applicants ar fold mere so, with the proverbial re: minking In each case for one person who Is grateful half-a-doz ‘The selection of o} Brixworth Union in mount. As for as IT are few places {n England In which the sum rate for the relict of tho poor has commonly been or ts higher, the population, Tho expenditure for the Inst twent ay to - £4,000 Wahillings to 14 shi! whole nuinber of the aha fund afforded by the churithes, which would make the sum por head 3 shillings to 4 timony to the same effect with reference to the Town of Shrowsbury, where there are extensive att inyportant charities, A vestry clork of ong of the parishes of that town, officially concerned, and therefore pre= sumably conversant with the subject, stated. “that the effect of the gifts was fo increase perism} that the sturdy aud iimportunate andidates constantly of Guardians, saylng that ean ascertain, thora RECEPTION AND ‘ACCOMMODATION OF PAU- for the relict of the poor years has fluctuated from yonr, or from about a head on the itants, besides the appear to afford untisual oppor- ha personal localizstion of out- door paupers tn the union. Important lyht is throw! by a report on Sir John Etwall, Derbyshire, mado some years a, the Inte Mr, Martin, then Inspector o} ties, and afterwards a Charity Commissioner, “Hho hospital,” says Alr. Marti tho place of the union, ‘en decayed old men Etwall proper wi en who aro dissatisfied, jects is made by trustees, who, by the process of self-election, have for Jong years, agit were, bred in and In,” and so have come to be yery mich Ike ono an- other,—very much of the si with ‘shinilar political jal views, Henee the “DIFFICULTY OF EXERCISING A BOUND DIs- CRIMINATION; the temptation to uso the charity, almost un- consclously and without a susplelon of mala fides, ns a means of patronage, with a view to popularity and personal Iniluence, or even for puliticu! or sectarian ends, Infereuces thus drawn from the naturo of established by tho diagnosis of particular charities, ‘There fs n charity at Canterbury it £250-is distributed yenrly anongst 600 persons, subject to the condition that the same persons shall not recelve it for two consecutlye years, non this question Por’s Lospital at ne way of think- religious, and been adinitted ‘wo might expect to find that the portale was Pubstantlally re ‘what {s the fact as stated by Mr. Mare ust be remerabered that his r to the state df things before get the most. Reflected ¢ came to the Boa persons who did not want hind and that, If thoy were refused, have it out of the pa distribution of the «! tin? And ft mn observations refe! tho days of union rath; The population tho poor-rate amo harities, the appilentions: for casuul relief were doubled In consequence of these refusals,” Deseripttons have been furnished of the VERY LIVELY AND ANIMATED CILARACTER eluent to tho actual dig- tributions of the doles or gifts. Robluson’s Dread-lole nt Isleworth was at one time en- titled to eminent distinction in this respect, ud loaves of bread at the grave of the founder o! This arrangement brought to- eat mixed miutitude, who filled chureliyard andswarmed into the chureh, ellmbing over pews, trampling over graves, chustering on tombs and monuments, seramb- xpostulating, hustling, Aight ast too strong oyen for tho nerves of trustves, and so a change was made whereby the main part of the distribution was to be'done by teckots—a hundred loaves only bein; tribution at the grave, 80 the plous founder mig] violent a disregard o: SStwanl! wns 620, and: uinted to 4i¢ average rate surrounding parishes was preswnably of tho ff the rates by the 4 far the relief of nny fir the pounil of ‘he expinnation and that no persousin | of, the proceedings In or las et shall bart cipate, jego 600 persons ina particular year, Mr, Martin diseovered that i aca 145 WERE IMPROVER OBJECTS, Ofthess 145 persons, four were brothel- keepers, elghteen were confirmed drunkards, thirty-six were regular and clghteen oceas sional paupers, and fifty-seven were not .. Ag to 183 of tho remaining 855, no Informa tion was forthcoming: the rest were presumo- wbly dt subjects. are’ rieh char! in Cambridgeshire, Nese fuspected by Mr, Martin with very instract- ‘There are two parishes tn Fulborn of whieh (AIL Sulnts belongs white the other (St V Nberally endowed. When cottages te were not rebuilt; all new tel within the contines of f these All Salnfs' churl- the Bread and Sixpence Charity. In the course of the year 6,230 loaves are glyen away, “with few exceptions, the whole laboring population receive!” h 1 Saints’ {sq. money dole, dla graduated scale ace wuper class, were taken 0! ospital, the amount | the poor was within a p the average of the distriet, 7 of this may perhaps bo found In Ing. statement, taken from a pau it 1 SHS | “The establishment which Sir John Port intended for the relief of d been the means of d) ¢ the poor of all the nelhborhood, and of g its own in the hope of this provis- re It remains to deal with the third varloty of charity on our list,—that which consists of | DOLES TO THE POOR, elther In kind or nioney, And it Is on this ttestion’as to the merits and table endowments in vela- rig mniniy ceptres. This part ect, therefore, cally for more Tengthened wnd claborate troatinent, | It been mentioned thut a sun of: 039 Ly ibuted amonpet jo of this country, «tls les of food ‘or’ clothing, or in ao is forthe most part In the hands of local trustees, genagally self: | elective, but sometimes Including the parish officers. ‘Theso select the objects on whom the benefits ure to he conferred, uni exercise iG disposal of them ldely_ diffused. his native village reserved for dis- hat the ghost of it not be vexed by too varlety that the his testamentary di- mnoat of the charities demerits of char lo have heard of tho charity of Tf the eyrrent opinion as to dole-charitles by sound, this one Is A GREAT OFFENDEI, .. Itisvery widely extended, Every in Surrey 1s beliuved sin of About £5,680/ aniongst 21,000 ham, £200 goes yearly f yatituge wo inay judge from whospital surgeon in the place, “Tt ism: opliton [ho says) thatthe funds distribute: by Sinith’s charity trustees only tend to in- crease the uber of paupers in this neigh- and Dbelleve it Js generally known the pawnshops recelye of tlon of the articles thug-distributed,”” desired to. adduce u sovereign instance of the mlschle€ that» charitable en- dowment can do, the is commonly cited, This charity was bequeathed by the founder the last century, notso much, itis to be fenred, from imot{ves of philans thropy,-as because he-w! a A BHREWD TURN TO 118 OWN DESCENDANTS, -with whom for some reason he wos offended, ‘The bengficlaries are villages in Herefo: cottages Were rec! thes Is Known’ as nd Mr, Martin saya. participate In distributed yenrl: In Amounts of $3 0d the County of Dur- doles, with what ad- tho testimony of sinall money payment Tho administration or i riputed on 4 | ording to the number in single woman ithnate child, shoe is exclud eefying for one year, and in subsequent yeara GL But this slight expres tion Ty compensates he fact that, for every ehild of which as tho misfortune to mother, she reevives: wn addition Mersupon Mr, Marlin makes an arithmetical The woman who ilte ieliaate children guts ua} for hopuelfs 3 for ead ler offspring — Gd, “A virtuous girl gete ds, pay : BALANCE IN VAYO! OF IMMORALITY, ted, In. tho County val such discretion in particular trusts a ‘These charities aya very wi ‘era are some parishes—fortunatl minim ‘int—which are without then, but the majority pogsess o greater or less itcannot be denied that there isn 1 consensus of opinion as to THE USELESS OH EVEN MISCHIEVOUS CITAR- ACTER recelyas only 2s, sion of virtuous sug ai bona no! durvis' charity not unreasonably, of these charities, ‘The eminent Dr. Chal- ‘writing inore than half acentury ago, sald: ““Phore must be a mockeryin the mng- which have. not .to all clrowmstauces or 230d, Se at Eastham loaves of bread to tt tend church. All inarrled laborers in the poyert , tsease, anid all attendant banished from the contines, But Haten to the sober and plteous truth, It shail be related in tho words of an: Ine spector of Charities, who ling recently made a report on the case, 2 “No sooner. was the charity established tha the poor flocked in from all directions, and of tho most worthless cing, RVEN TIMEVES AND PROSTITUTES, Mlegitimate children, too, vory soon tnereased in number. ‘There was a block of three small cottages that housed no less than fifty-sove people. Most of the cottagers took tud The rent of ¢ sinall cottage rose from £5 and £0 & yent. Surely. tho fate of these villages was like that of the unhappy gentlemmrwho was said to haye been rulned by having a fortune lefttohim, —* Jarvis’ charity has been dealt with by an act of Farioment and a clinneery schame, with the effect of somewhat mitigating the nuisance; but even now there fs urgent need of reform, and the problem. fg still unsolved how to use the finds without pauperizing ant demoralizing the reelpients, And now what conclusion must be drawn from the opinions that have been quoted, and the examples that have been brought: for- ward? Js it pogstbIe to contend that the charities we haye been more partleutarly considering contribute In any appreeiable tegrec to the soeintor moral elevation of the people; or that, except in the most casual and imperfeet way, they Inercase thelr physical comfort or well-being? But must we not go much fur- ther, and ay that, while their benetits are for the most part MHlusory, TEIN OPERATION 18 OFTEN MISCINIEVOUS, eating Hke canker Into the spirit of (irift, manliness, Independence, and self-respect ? Practieally, then, that which should be for the natiow's ‘wealth becomes to It an occasion of fniltng. And yet these ample endowments—equal to the revenue of a petty princtpallty—might surely be. turned toa guod account,—might, while relleving want) and. suecoring imis- fortune, do soniething to diffuse ammougat the H mingses more provident habits aud a higher apyreslatlony of the conveniences and propric- ties of life. H. G, Rournson. THE FARM AND GARDEN. Dalry Matters—Jersey Butter—Races at the State Falr—Pormanent Location~ An Unprofitable Orchard—Busy Bees =—Feeding Swine-Scasonable Work— Care of Harness, . From Uur Own Correspondent. + Crampatay, IL, Jan. 18.—Dairying 13 yet in {ts fufuncy in Central Mlinois and a great many other parts of the West; and many people supposed that It hnd got its growth in Northern llinols, Wisconsin, and Towa, when, less than a year ngo, cheese was setl- ing for six cents per pound. Now that the product has doubled in price, a new: stimulus has been given the business, and the checse- factory “ boom ” has struck several sections ofourState, Making butter and cheeso is probably Ike other business,—It lins its up smd downs, and Js not likely to make any one suddenly rich, Perhaps, with more factories and a better article, people will begin to use cheese; but that there will be any very great demand for it, except as a luxury, at present prices, is out of the question, Dairymen who live within a reasonable distance of Gilman, HL, should not forget the convention thore on the 2ist, 2d, and 23d Inst, JERSKY NUTTER. Almost every perlodical that'wo take up has something to say xbout the superiority of “Jersey ” butter, Western people, ex- cept perhaps a favored few, know very little aboutit. Jersey stock hag not yet got very far into the country, the cows being in de- mand for city use. A correspondent of tho Country Gentleman says: Three-quarters of the plgttest-priced butter used in New York and New Ungland to-day Ie made from Jersey cows: it brings trom 40 to 80 cents per pound, and the demand [s greater thin tho supply. The bulk of tho butter-dealers do not handle this, and it 8 not known to tho news- paper inarket-reports, Ag a rule ft-govs once or twvicu a week directly from the dalry where ft is mio to the dwelling-houge, or club, or hotel in whieh tt {s eaten; it hus less than one-quarter of nn ounce of salt to the pound, and thus none of the finerand more nromatle odors are lost. It Ia made from tho milk of healthy Jersey cows, who cat ouly the swoctest food, drink the purest water, and brouthe tho cleanest air; are carded, and brushed, nnd carefully bedded, and wre als ways treated with gentleness, Itis mudo from milk which is immedintely removed from tho atable, though the stable ta daily” Spence with gypsum, and bas no manure-cullar under or near {ts ‘It 18 mado from eroam which has rleon Ih less than thirty-six hours, in clean tis, and a clean atmosphere; it Is granlated and brined or washed In ihe eburn, and worked with tho grentest care; i¢1s always kept cool, but nover touched with ice, even on the table, Tho cows, tho milk, tho rain, tho sult, tho ting, tho but. aS are wll kept clown and in an odorless atmos- phere, . It will be some time before people realizo the full hnportance of clenntiness in butter- making, and it is a subject Uhat will bear fre- quent reiteration. * RACES AT THE STATE FATT. ‘Tho State Board bf Agriculture, at its late session, virtually ‘qdmitted that races. aro necessary to make even the State Fair a suc cess. It is a good many years slnces regular “hors -race has been seen on our State Fair grounds, Wo do not believe that tho addl- tlon of races to the program will realize the Association a dollar. “Many people will stay away, and the class that usually, follow horse- raves'nre not at all desirable. “There is more to be seen ata State Fair than can bo Intelll- gently investlrated in the four days allowed for that purpose. ‘The work tn the exhibition: ring consumes all the thine, go that wo do not see whore the races ure to. come in. Perhaps Saturday will be doyoted ta “sport.” If the rice-horse has ever benefited any one besides breeders of fast stock, we have yet to have poluted out where it has dono so, PERMANENT LOCATION, The Board of Agriculture also has under discussion tho question of selecting somo nace for a permanent location for the State fiir. If this is done, untess Chiengo should bo selected, wa predict that In fivy years the present magnifigent fairs will dwindle down the size of an ordinary county fair. Exhibitors want to show their goods to a8 many people as possible,—-therefore they desire that the audience bo oeraslonally changed ; and the audience, on Its paca something new. Let tho State Falr act as a public edueator, aid, Hf necessary, travel ‘rom Freoport to Calro and back again Peo- 1e will nut go very long distances to visit 9 alr, espeelally where hotel-conventen are notabundant, ‘There must be sonnethiting bo. shles to attract. In ally ike Chicago there are hundreds of other things to interest the observer, and the fair might perhaps be success If located there, " AN UNPROFITABLE’ ONCITATD, Boony, Macon Co., [.—Whut fe the best wink ter qpplo for Central Ilinols, for productivenuss and market? (1) Eightoon yoare ago T planted: about 200 trees on the priiris, nid they now avoruge ten to fifteen inches in dinmoter, Not ovor 26 per cont of tha vurluties are of any com. morelal valuy, being mostly summer and fall yurletics, which are nngalable, (2) These trees stand where L want my orchard; now, -would it bo better to graft oyer those or plint new ones? @) How would itdoto plant n young treo in the cuntro of tho squures, and in it few yeurd cut away the old ones, louving onough of the sum- mer and full variotica fur fumlly uso? ‘tp, a (1) The Ben Davis 13 beyond any guestlon the best winter varlety for market, protlt being the object sought. (9) We should ad. ylse you to grind yor apples,and make then into vinegar. ~ (8) ‘The gratilng over of an old tree 13 not an easy matter, If youdecide to dott, saw off, port n of the branches at va- rious lengths,--though the cloger to the body ofthe tree the better, —and let the now shoots that Jt will throw out grow one scasot taking care to thin thei go that the top will not be too thick, ‘Then graft thes the next | spring,and the year aftor serve the balance of the top-the same ways t ony rate, wo should say plant new. trees If you have the lond to spare. - G4) You will never. make a sieves of planthng young trees among old ones, especially where the ground 4s already accuple : E a" aut BEES, Only a fow short years ago one of the late urged in favor of the superiority of the Itallan over the common black bees of the countty, yas ir docility. They ‘could Pr ey rage rt, |’ Md COR mon to every village. und the market for -betny, Ipnorances in anaier to n query ns to the temper of the Cyprianas “T cannot sce that thoy nrecrosser;, in fact, they have appeared to ine to be less easily aroused, Althongh [ have handled both full hives and nuclet without smoke frequently, I have not been stung once by thém, wil! fo my Italians haye punished mo repentedly during the sume tine.’ It is probabte that the climate has something to lo with temper, and doubtless the Cyprians wil become cross as they become common, There 1s lots of humbug attoat nbout the bes business, fe FEEDING 8WINR. * Although tho breeding and fattening of hogs for market is a3 common to every West- ern farmer as the most simple and necessary operation of the farm, yet-thore Ign grent dent of uncertalnty ‘as to which fs the proper way, to feed thum In order to get the most profit for the least expense, A fow years ago we ‘went wild over ngricultural steamers for cooking feed ; but these soon played out, Ex- periments are costly; require aceurate weigh- ing, o-grent deal of time, and also regular feeding; heneo very, few farmers ever make them. “A number of New England farmers recently, however, made an experiment th feeding which gives some detinit results, We condense from the New England Farmer: Nino thrifty shoats wero divided Into three Jota, No. 1 was fed‘elear men! and water; No, 2, corn and cols groundand water; No. angronnd corn aml water, ‘Theso rations constituted thelr entire food from Mareh ii to June 6. Now for the result, which, while not being conclusive, points tothe fact that raw corn- meal is the most profitable way of feeding corn: Of tho shelled corn and menl fifty-iine pounds wore alowed for a bushel, white of cob-ment sevonty pounds was reckoned w bushel, ‘The following statement, In tabular form, shows the results uf the experinent, so far as It yors: Tot | fut | Lot, 11No. 2)Nu. 3. Livo welght nt commence- Livo woight at stnughtering.| 760) ve we H Gatn per bu tn Hanis! 1 Dressed welght. 6i5.3 Net gain of purk 2 Shrinkage 19) No, pounds fed... | 1,2] No. bu fed (60 of corn and) meal and 70 of cob-monl)..| 22.07] 1.44) 20.2 fo. of pounds pork per bu. 100) 11820) 9.802 mount recelyed from a bu of ment and corn, at 6 ceuts} for pork Por cont of 66.1565} 70.07%) 40.214 18,001] 10,005] 16.42 It will bo seon from tho nbove that Lot No, 1, which weighed the least ut the commencement of the trial, nud was fed. on clear meal, weighed tho most at the ond; that Lot No.2 ate of cob- men] twenty-nine pounds more weight than Lot No. 1, and yet gained but 230 pounds, nginst 24) inthe clear meal pen. Also, thut tho experi- menta throughout show decidedly against. the use of whole carn, unless the cost of srluding. carrying to, mill, ete, will offset tho gain from ground feed, By further calculation, the Com mittee found that it took four and one-third pours of clear meat to make one pound of live og. OL unground corn on tho ear it took, after rednoing it to clear corn of ffty-ning pounds per bushel, 5.057 pounds for a pound of live hog, Of cob-menl it took 4.4%) pounds for a pound of live hog, and a fraction less than six pounds to make one of dreased meat; but, by reduelng thle algo to clear meu), {t took but3% pounds for one pound of live hue, and five pounds for one of dressed pork. All the ment was mixed with cold water at the time of foeding. BEASONAULE WORT. While the ground {s thawed or frozen, ac- cording to the location, is a good time to trim orehiards or heilge-rows,—espeelally the latter, if it is the intention’ to “plush? the hedge, which may be done now or later in the season, JIaul and pite the brush tn some convenient piace for burning a3 fast as trimmed. If it fs left to somb future the, the probubitities are that it will still be there when the ground ig wanted for other pur- poses. CARE OF HARNESS. ‘This Is a proper time to attend to the re- pairs on harness, See thut new parts are purehased to replace those worn out, and do not wait until some of the inctalile portions are worn through before providing new ones. ‘The fron links at the eollar, the tug- buckles, and tho eockeyes should be thrown away 28 soon as worn half through, ‘They always give out when you sre ina mud-hole or away from home,—just the time when they ure most needed. Ruan Ji. ————__— WHAT SAITH THE SEA? ‘What saith the Bea—the grent, dark Sea— Tho Sen so full of mystery? What doos It ie to the Summer-Star Phat Hes on its breast 2, Abt broken spar, You hoard it whisper of the bulmy breeze, And the coral cnves of deep-blue sens, Where the mermnids play In tho shadowy spray. Bweet Stir, on its brenst How softly you rest, And never dream how tho billows white Vide many a form away from our sight, Who, yiclling to Its trencherous churms, Forever sleep in its fey arms, a Far, far in the waters bluc, While pen ‘waves sling low to you. How falr, O Sen, 18 thy white cloud-wraiths But wo know ‘tla a ghost of broken fulth. And thy * pallid inist,” tt drops ike tears: On upturned faccs you've held for years, Ospoetral, airy, white-winged clouds, Yot'vo Wen pped my heart tnd ria shroud, And clasped It so close to your throbbing brews Thut it over echoes your wild unrest, Granr Pang, Hil, Muy, O, B, Hewsrt. —$—————— An Evening with Bismarck. New York Muth. A prominent oflicer who returned from Enrope recently tells of an pyentng: he spent with Bismarck. “Tthought,” sald tho ofl, cer, “ that] had seen hurd ‘drinkers, but [ found during‘this evening with Bismarck thatthe drinking men Thad met with were Hpplers in comparison to this great man, Blsmarek had Invited no guest for that ing save inyself,” continued tho oficer, “ After a few momentsspent In pleas Blsmarek called the servant and ord to briny, In brandy aml glasses. glasses. were of tho smullest size, the same size as the glass we cullapony. Tsai there was no water orsugnr brought, and wheu Bismarek poured two glasses fullot tho brandy [saw It was 3: Tie PREM “SEWING MACE Inastul, but to tnke any more. Well T ataia dele evenlny, probably until fuori v'cluck, a marek coutinned tossing off the Urandy, o° Blues after another, and when I lott tote drop remalned in tho plnt-bottle which hat been brouglitin full at the beginulug of y, evenlng, Its eapnelty for drinking ‘must . something vyonderfill, for, with tho exoe MI of his free’ rotting very red, nO On8 sau) have suspected that he had been drhikin, 4 aul, Tia cous ersntlon ¥¥ z clear nut mnnner as quiet as at the beginning ovening.” inning of ty ———— FEAR NOT THE MORROW, Toll me not, with mournful accent, That thy heart idsore with grief; That thy dally Ilfo’s a burdou; That thou eanat not tod rollef; That tho morrow's without prowiso, And to-day ts dark and droar; That the morning is bevlouded With some undolln-od fear, Nathor, lot thy voleo be choory; Tet thy fees throb with tirth: + Let thy dal He Heo be tiled with Deeds of kindnoss aud of worth For tho morrow, trust the Power ‘That hag kept tho stars in place, Since the morn of Time's begining, In the regions vast of Space, Think not that the sun {s darkness; That the clouds are filed with bate; ‘That tho thunder's roar ie threat’ning Whee with cruel, evil fate, Fear not longer for the morrow; Let thy brow bo bright with bopo; ‘Trust the God that yet bas Kept thoo, And no more iu darkness grope. ry Ope thine eyes, and see the brightaes Wat is nif uround thoe spready Ope thine heart, and know the Goodness That yet gives theo datly bread. Mavisoy, Wis. ‘Vuno. MW, Conovre, ns Celinieia. Journal of Induetey. Celluloid fs one of tho most temarkablo ot modern hiventlons, and bids fair to be nt less extensively or variously used than yb ennzed rubber. It is produced: by ult gunenmphor with a pulp of gun-cotten, ax subjecting the Subir ta a pique degny of pressure and heat. The result Is a bay * product of extraordluary toughness and alae Melty. It can be made plastic again wf molded into any required form. Any color van be given to It by the use of coloring mz ter dusty the process of manufacture. ‘Th uses to which celluloid is put are numeri, and are constantly ‘Increasing. 16 ts oxter sively used as a substitute for Ivory, whlchit resembles so elosely that it is sometiuey dit cult to detect the difference... It 1s said equal ivory in strength and elasticity, aud nc to warp or-diseolor with thne. tt ba proved.n good muterial for plano and orga keys, billiurd-balls, backs of brusties, look Ing-lnss frames, handles for knives, tor umbrellas, and any other articles, Iti much cheaper than ivory, and fs claimsdty he better for decoratlye purposes, It ty aly used with much success to italtate tortols shell, malachite, amber, pink coral, ard olber costly materials, In finitation of tortols shell, it {gs made {nto combs, napklo-tlng imnteh-boxes, eard-cases, ete, Luitationsd pink coral jewelry ore made and soldat prices mich below those of the genuice The same is truc of finitations of malachite and amber. Mouth-ples f6r plpos, lear holders, ete, are cominon, It iy alse used nsubstitute for porcelain in imaktag dolly heads. The frames of eyes lass pate glasses, and spectacles ure made o} ik Mon Fevently it has cowe Into use in combinatia with linen, cotton, or paper, for stl bosoms, eutts, and collars. ‘‘Pho tuatertal hss ahard, glistening surface, Hke that of newly Tnundricd Inens 1s elastic and limporvious to maisture, and when soiled can bo renovated with a moistened sponge. Yachts, Grent Tiritain has 2,000 yachts, with » tonnage ‘of 12,000 tons. whose pris vost wae as loet $18,400,000, nd Saati intiig a four’ of them te lt» in commission durtug the su:mmor routes, tht sim expended iu thelr tmalntunance would, 6 ¢ rough estinmte, nmount to nearly Layer tue an tun yacht bullding’ eeenire uy O, nid 6,000 nien—une-twoitts th the Britiah naval forew—are eur Lint * Un SCA OF THE WORLD. PRICES REDUCED From 30 to 60 por cent. Wagon Scales FOR . Tlay, Crain, Coal, Stock, Cotten, and derbi * Now sold for one-third former prices. 2-Tou Wagon sent dsVon Wayan Sontes.. Other sizes in proportion, All feales piade of the tet Tuateria}, with Iron Levine, See rire, lit iit Henn and’ Hox included. | avery 3 ni parteet, and ty give sat Ghenpest and best und wiv Hon tuenished, or cal mre eel LIGHTNING SEWE leather. THE NEW WILSON Oscillating Shuttle SEWING MACHINE Is wonderful in Its conosption and un equalod in its capacity for doing a lari rango of sowing in textilo fabrics ad 'n Its motions aro continuous, ad* mitting of an extraordinary rate ef ls _ elthor by stoam or foot power. Every tnygen of the treadio makes six stitches, ti ducing about ono-third more work Ina Gay than other Sowing Machinos. ft hag n°? stop motions, and tightens tho stitch with the neodie out of tho fabric. It uses tho ua poe wotl-known Wlison Compound Foed on both sides of tho Teadta. @ tt has two-thirds less parts than any othor first-class Sowing Machine Its arm Is fully ight and ono-half Inches long and five and one-hit inches high, and tho whole Machine Is very compactly and selentil- {cally constructed. In its proportions, oleganco of design and sererat appearance it Is unsurpassod. Its simple, poworful and mechanism places It as far in advance of ail other Sewing Machines as the telephone is superior to tho tin speaking tubo. The WIL30! MENDING ATTACHMENT, for ropalring all kinds’ of textile fabrics WITHOUT PATCHING, furnished FREE with all WILSON SEWITIC . MAGHINES, togother with a Tucker, Ruffler, Corder, Sot of Homma: Binder, etc. Prices furnished, with freight charges prepaid, an machines furnished on trial to res! ponsikie parties, to be ueed Ww th steam-power, in places where wo have ho agonts, Sond for Wluse, trated Catalogue and Price List, No. 230. AGHINTS UWANTEID. ‘Address WILSON SEWING MACHINE. €0. CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U. S. A. —____—_ eee : MACHINES SOLD ON EASY MONTIULY: PAYHENTS ‘Cor. State and Madison-sts. ONLY ONE LESSON REQUIRED.