Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 22, 1878, Page 3

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: MONDAY: JULY 22, 1878 TIIE SUTRO TUNNEL. Completion of the Great Work to the Comstock Lode, Its Aims and Its Future— Batro's Early Slruggles and Rocant Viotory. Fpeetal Correspandencs of The Triduns. 8aw Francisco, July1%—It la now mora than twa years ago sinca I made a brief allusion to ‘e Sutro Tunnel scheme In o letter written to Ing Trinuxe from Virginia Clty, Nov. At that time the tunnel had progressed mot more than 11,000 fect, and its projoctor, Adolph Butro, was 'n daily receipt of abuse {n the columns of the grurchased presa of that vicinity and San Fran- clsco. No cplthiet was too vile, no abuse tco gevere, for the ' Assyrlan,’ as the Territorial Enterprise was pleased to designate Mr. Butro, But that er was then owncd by Wililam 8haron, an “sllezed Bcnator (rom Nevada, via Ban Francisco,” and John Mackay, onsof the principat owners of the Bonanza mines A dilferent song fs being sung nowadays. Tho main line ot the Butro Tunnel {8 finished, having made tha connection with the Cotnstock Todo on Tuesday Inat, aftor ncarly nine years of uninterrupted Inbor, and the expenditure of more than $3,601,000 In gold coln, Sutroisa » henefantor™ now, and, in & word, something allttle lower thaa the angelal TIIS HISTORT OF THB SUTRO TUNNEL. $t 1t conld bo written by Butro himself, or at nis dictation; would make & book tho like of wiich bas not appeared in a contury. The diNieulties, opposition, and villalny that Butro lias met and overeome In the prosecutlon of this work, will perhaps never bo known, Eunough s known, however, from which to weave sn fn- teresting tale. It has even been my good for- tune to be placed 1n s positlon whereby I havo been enabled to galn an fnsight lato somo of Butro's difliculties and successes that havo not herctofore been underatoods Adolph Butro, previous to 1860, had heen on- gozed in different pursuita in Ban Francisco. At that time the reports of the rich striko made fu the Comstock lade were multiplying to that extent that Butro'a curiosity was cxvited, and he went over the mountains to sce for him- self. e had not been there many idaya before he concelved an averalon to working tho mines by means of shafts. In a lettor to the Alfa California ho pointed out the advantages of developing the Jode by nicons of a tunnel run from some point east of the ledae, aud at a sut- flefent depth bulow the surface to explore the minea at a depth of least 2,000 feet. Tho more he thought of his plau, the more convincad he became that It was the ONLY FEASIDLE METIOD in that region with economy ond the thoe he was ready to broach his of mln(ngx y. By achetive, several of the carly-comers had made large fortunes, and the lode had already besn rospceied to tho extent of assuring those In- crested that ts future would be grand Indeed. butro approached several of these new-fledged tunguates, and fnvited their co-operation in his scheme. ‘l‘he] readity assented, and severnl of tho companies subscribed $400,000 as a nucleus, Butro pledging himself to ralso enough moro capital to glve tho work nstart, But, in the meantime, certain shrewd operatora recognized the lmportance of the enterprise, and coucluded to securo its control. They reckoned without their hust, as the seque) will show. Hutro, Liaving sceured the abuve subscription, and o charter from tho Nevada Leglslature, started for Now York In good faith, for the fiur;m!e of securing additlonal capital. But the unk-ot-Callfornla Ring bad begun their mach- inations against him bLeforo his arrival, The New York capitalists met bim with sulles, and landly sugzested that be sccure more siubstantlal proof of the merit of the énterprise, ** when they would be most happy,’ ete., ete, Butro was taken completely aback, but falled to get at the true Iuwarducas of his nun-success until, happenin futo tho New York agency of the Bank of Call- fornia, ono day, ho saw a telegram on tho bul- letin-board OANCELING TIIH SUDSCRIPTIONS mado on the Pacile Coast, and slgned by Shar- o, Ralston, aud other larga operators, Hosaw tho point., o ’fo the best of iny recallection he retarned to California immediately, but did not succeod In muling the Impression he hoped upon the wuinds of the tnen woo had played him falso. Frow that time he made up his mind to go it wlone; and, while bostill kopt up the agita- tiun, npothing wos sceomplished un- tl tho followlng spring, when he went to Europe and succeedud {n ralsing capitat to bezio the works and It was not untll the 10th of October, 1409, that work was begun, and thon at o polnt 20.000 feet east of the Comatock lode, Thero were 20,000 fect of tunnel to rin,—a tuns nel fourteet by tun feet, and In the tuunel was required a double-track railroad. ‘This monster work was begun with a capital of less .than #500,000, and u stout heart, For mora than eight years tha work has pro- gressed,—never ceasing, desplto the ciforts of powerlul cucles and tho sttacks of & virulont preas, S0 much by way of fotroductfon. You will, before I proceed tarther, desire to know the OMIUTH AND BENEFITS gl the onterprise. 'They may be briefly stated 0 Lot 1, Thodralning of tho mines on tho Comstock lode,—theroby saving tne present enornous ox- pence of pumplng the water to tho surface. 2. Beeuring veutllution, which ia uow secured only at great cost by meuns of alr-compressors. B. A great aaving I the cost of holsting ore, which i3 now required to be hofsted a distance 01 2,000 fect n some cases, Tue completion of tho tunnel will neccsaitute holsting but 200 or L Jeet, und, In msny fustances, ore,muy Lo run down tu the tunnel-level through chiutes. 4. Reduced cost of nliliug ore, The present cost per ton for mliling ore s 11, Ore inay b run through the Butro Tuuncl, and reduced at hie mills to be erceted ot tho town of Sutro, nud Tun by water-power from the Curson River, at u co‘:L: "ill $3.60 w‘rllon. i Uhe reduced cost of transporting miners to thy different drifts, porthK 7. An increascd safety to life and limb, 8 An fmmenso reduction fu the sgeregats cost uf mining, po%:‘;‘u suormous saving fu wood and steam Joretumn for all those benefits the Tunnel Company recelves, by nce of Congress, s HOYALTY OF §3 'R TUN for every ton of oro Lolsted frum the Comstock mines from this thme forward, The Company Wik also reap a rich harvest from the procevds of milling the low-grade vres now wade avails able, und fur trunsportation of oro and infuo; You will remenber that I fnformed you, | leu»rynn!\nhml_lu the columne of ‘Lits Tiise UNK Feb. 38, 1670, thut thers wero then §00) s,000 1n sight fn the Bonanza mines, Th statement was made on the auttority of Miut. Divector Linderman, who fucorporatid it Intuhie anuual report fur 1513, Up to the breseut tine the Bonauza mines have produced $100,000,000, and the munlmnltvmum! of the Cunsolidated Virglula Mino has been passed this month * on Becount of Necessury realrs to the sbaft,” It 18 ulso unnounced that the Califoruis Mine will pay divideuds of 82 pee mouth hercafter, 1t 3 n?' Imuresslon that the Conyohidated Virglula Mine will |wrmnnunu( cease paylug dividends befors the 1st i Jotuary, 1870, und tlat dhio Callforala din ‘Wil “ceabo “ais cr anutuer twelve moutl all V. Mackuy told 1o, Tn October, Tturh Jon tiues would probably be produciug Droperties **lur flve years to come,” “Thls does not peces- lnrflf guurautes dividonds, vor dovs 1 end tho brilllunt history of thess proportics, TUHE NEAL WORK OF THB sUTHO T willpenn with the curtuliment ul‘:‘l’l‘:ax:'nd.‘ Tie inhses will etill by valuable, but oy g ros duced seale, ‘The millious of dolisrs of low- @ruide ore which bas been unavaltable may now worked, ‘Lue suuanza mines are, fug ol vropertics ou the lode, but there are Still excelient prospects lu Opblr sud fo_Jully, The Comstock jodo Lias uot * run to seed ™ yor, by any weans, ‘Tutrs are bundreds of propers ties thcre, any ons of which way develop juto » Yerltable ‘bousnza at any thoe, for ths werk of Yrospecting {s kept up withous ceaslug doy and hizht, Bundays und week-duys, aud as enormous Xpenze, 80 eager ure the jeahuw uperators to Lutover the new bonauzas which they feel are *fust ahead.” s Avolozizing for this digression, I roturn to the sublect of the Sutro Tunnel proper. L bave Ieluted some of Bulro's carlivr wtrusygles, But Utk wers merely the upeniug churuses of TUB UPERA OF DEVILTRY that followed. Iu the fall of 1564 Sutro con- “luded to apply to the Nevada Legislature, lich was Lo mect fo the Junuary following, Ut & frauchise Lo construct the tunuel, Ou the m:»w l-:um.nr. 1863, the Lezislature grunted A frauchise wilch gave bln the right of way, lwllar o tuat usaally granted (o tull-roade, ;m- it that, ut Lis own request, Do rates wers freedus to the swouut of LN t0 be pud ufter 't- tompletion, Hu preferred Lo luave thess 'N:A to be voluntarily agreed upon by the un.uua minlng cowpanies, Atter some pro- etvd egotiations, the larger portion of the of course, .tha Jead- mining companies then warking on the Com- stock Inde, representing Y5 ner cent of ita value, fn onler to estabilsh a hasls for uracurlug, thie fieceasary capltal, agreed to nay a toll of £2 per ton ancvery ton of pay ore which shouid o extracted after the tunnel ahould ho completed, and after it should benefit cach respective miney and contracts were entered into making this chiarge a lien upon all the mines for all future time. After thesa contracts had been inade it was consldered neccssary, as & aecurity Lo capl- tollsts, that tho United States Government should pass a law embodying the general feat- ures of the act of the Nevada Logislaturo and these contracts: for at that tima the companics working the mines on the Comstock lude held thein At mere suilerance from the Governinent, the titls being In the United States. Sutro, therefore, proceeded to Washington In June, 1866, and on the 23th day of July of that year an act was passed by Congress, now commonly known as TR 'AUTRO TUNNEL ACT," which gave Sutro theiight of way over the public domain, the right to purchasc some lnnd at the mouth of the tunnel, the vwnership of all new mines which should be discovercd for 2,000 feet on each side of the tunnel, and mnide Itallen on tho land occupled by these mining companies to pay tho same rates of charges which had previously heen agreed upon in the above-mentloned contracts, In other words, the United Btates Government, as owner ol theso mincral Jands, entered into a direct com- pact with the Sutro Tunnel Company for the construction of the tunnel, and only roferred to the contracts I orler to_establish” the rates which should be pald, Having securcd this ‘valuable franchise, Butro made his drat visit to New York for the purpose of enlisting capital in the enternrise. o rocelved assurances that, 1 hocould uet 8 substantinl evidenceof the folth of the peoplo of the Pacific Cuast {n the schemo in the shapo of & subscription of §500,000, they (the New-Yorkers) would subscribe SS,D\)O,DJO additional. - Butro returned to San KFran- ciseo, and sccured snbscriptions from Lhe mining companles ageregating 000,000, and from private {ndividuals $200,000 additionnal, Armed with these sab- scriptions, Sutro nsked the Nevada Leislature 10 memorialize Congresa to ald (n the exceution of the great enterprisa. He explalned that, in his Intercourso with Eastern caoitalists, ho hed found great Ignoranco in regard to tho inineral resources of Nevada, and tho fivst question Lo would be asked was: ** What assuranco Isthera that the Comstock Jode will extend duwnward 2,000 feat to the poins where the tunnel will cut iLl" At struck Sutro that the exploration to be made by the tunncl—an cxploratfon which would show tho condltion of the lode nt a point. 5,000 fect below the surface, while the decpest shatt ever sunk by manup tothat time only reached a depth of 3,700 feet—would egivo AN INCRDASED VALUR TO OUR WHOLE MINERAL DOMAIN, The membors of the NovadaLegislaturo wers g0 Impressed by Butra's arguments that they at once memorlalized Congress, and asked taat such aid infght be miven as would Insitre ‘the early combpletlon of the work, The, Ne- vada Legislaturc showed their Ligh apprecia- tlon of the work by unanfmously passing tho following rosolutions of thanks, in the name of tho people of the Stata: UxiTED 8TATZR OF ANPRICA, STATE 0F NEVADA, —SENATE CoNCURNENT ResoLuTioxs, No. 70.—/n relation lo Adolph Sulro.—~Nesolred, Ly the Senale the Asiembly concurring, That the Senate of Nevada recognizo ns already due, and cordially extend, tho thanks of the peoplo of this Hiate to Adolph Butro for his great scrvices In orleinatin: tho planof tho **Sutro Tunuel,' and urcing al and organlzation for nndertaking wark upun tho same; and bo it further concurrontly Resolved, 'That wo have entiro confidence in the ability of Mr. Butro to me to Congrassmen and capitaliats the clafms of the enterprisa roferred to, —knowlng that ho will prepars witn skill. and clearly exhinit, the whole statistical and nolitico- cconomical argument bearlng in ite favor without overlooking or oxaggerating any of ite merits, Jan. 25, 1807. Tload aua passed unanlmously, Jaurs 8. BLiNaznLAND, Dresident of tho Senate. B, C. Briowx, Becretary of the Senato, Jecelved from tho Sucnalo Jan. 23, 1807, Road and pasaed unnhinously. D, Frnausey, Speaker of the Ansombly, A, Wntrron, Clerk of the Assembly, ‘The posaage of the memorial to Congross caine very near being fatal 1o 8utro’s hope, for, baying follen into the handa of thy 8an Fraucls- co mining sharps, they concluded, after reading 1t, that Congress would in all probabllity render tlio assistancoe askea, so they put up a job to oust Sutro ond corral the enterurisethemselves. They concluded that, with the nid of tha Pacifle Const n?rusuum(ven. whoin they controlled, thoy could casily manago to sccuro, net only tho'82,000,000 or £3,000,000 which Butro mirht have asked, but $15,000,000 or $29,000,000, which they propused to divido amoog themsclves,—a yery pretty scheme, by the way, but nothingex- traordinary for a San TFrancisco wmlning sharp. Iu order ta sccomplish their euds, they detor- mined to BIEAK UP S8UTRO FINANCIALLY. ‘Their firat atep was to causu the mining come- panies to repudiuto thelr subacriptions to the enterprises; this In 1807, while the contracts wera in full force and cffedt, But thev ot hold e wrong man, as Butro's subsequent career bundantly proved. Ie aaw it was uscless to attemot to scenre alil on the Paclilc Coast, with the capital of the miving compames and the Bank of Callforma arrayed agoivst him, and he roturned to New York, where, on Iis arrival, ho found a placard o the New York agency of the DBank of Calr {fornia, agnouncing that the Bavage Minlog Company bad repudiated ita suvscription vt 8150,000, Well, this would bave made ap ordl- narv man rather weak n the knees. Not so with Sutro. He sajd uot a word to any one, but t|ulul.l{ sailed for Europe, where he endeavored. to onlist capits) in France and other countrles; but his efforta proved unavatiing. In December, 1807, he returned to Awmorles roceaded direct to Washiniton, and presonted 0 Congress the memorlal which tho Nevada Leglalature had passed, - But the “enllihtencd wisdom " of tho Capital fought shy at frst, At tho eod of sixty days he had inade a favorable Impresslon. Matters were prougressing favor. nud notwithstandinz the offorts of tho Bank of Callfornia to thwart Sutro, through thelr sacrot agents. Among other documents sent Ly tho then creaturss of the Bank King to thelr then ngeuts was the followlug telogram, WIIOI BPEAKS #Olt ITSHLP: Vinainia, Nov,, 'Jun, 15, 1804, William Stewart and Janiee W, Nye: Wo are ope posod tu the Sutro Tunnel project, and desiro §t doleated If pomsible. WiLLiaw Hiranow, Ciantxe Buxxsn, Buporlntendent Havaze Company. i, I*, Buxiwoon, Prosident Contral Company, Joun 11, Winren nll\lnnl\Dllnwiu;ku(hmpnny. onn P, Jonxs, Buperintendent Kontuck Company, Saperinteyior ilgl:l"lu"C' rinteadant Bullion Cor 3 o THON Al By, ¢ G, TavLO! President Alpha, and Buperinteadent me:’l'nlnt and Dost & Holeher Compavy, P, A Tnrrey, Presldont Helcher Company, Tuarc L. Kequa, Buperintondent Choliar- l‘uwfi? Company, Notwithstanding thess cfforts, the ald asked by Butro would curtainly have béen granted at tha scsslon of Congress durlog the winter of 1807-'05, liad it not been for tle Impeachmont of Presldent Jolnson, which occupled uearly the whots of the scssion, But, to nake a loug story short, Butro never sucveeded {n sceurtng material ald from Cou. gress, bug he did got the best of the Hank Rin, evury tima they attemptod to sccura the ropes! of his vested rights. It is o mistaken fmpression that Butro got most of his wovey from Uerman sources for the construction of the tunniel. e got very ittlo, if nuy, from German capitallsts. The bulk o the capital came from the great Eogllah bouse of 3'CALMONT DROS., No, 15 Philpot Lave, London; and that house will, in all probabilicy, fusnish whutever mav be needed to construct tho fateral tunuel paratiel with the lode, or to engage In the threatencd legal contest for the sccuriug of the Company's nigbts under the charter given by Cougress. Butro hus certalnly sccomplislicd a most won- derful feat n constructiug this four-mile tunnol throuzh the granite Lilts of Nevada, in wpits of the unwearicd effurts of the unscrupulous mill. fonaires to break him ao gobble the results of his industry. Ho will be remiembered when the adventurcrs who have endeavored tu stay his progress are forgotton, and his name will be revered by the men who go fnto the depths of Mottier Earth to bring forth ber treasurcs for o sons of mon. ——— Au Anocdota rof, Ienry, Hurver's Mog iz for August, "I met him," writes {lmtun friend, **but ouca at Montreal, I notleed that this tlne-look- iug man, when he arrived at the hotel [ Moot treal, was olacod at the head of our tably, but did not know who ho wav, Lo camu homo by the samo roufe and at 1ho same tiwo with uj, and was very klud and courtouus o twy fravels lug companions, as woll ss myself, What [ rumuml_:cr myro distinctly than anythlug else s & *happeulug’ et Rouse's Polub while we were waltliic for the steamer, The Professor was talkative and communicative fu hie quict way, aud was full of {ucldents of travel and ad- yenture. Boon the steamer wppeared in sizht sud while shu was approaching us the Professor sat apon the whart lovking dreamlly st bor. Presently ho aroused hluiwell, snd sald: *I sca 8 peculior spurlde ot the waves near tho side of the steawer, wihicere the suu shines upon her? (It wad alwost sunsct). *L wonder what the causs of It 151 L have secn phosploreseent Lzt before, but wever exactly like this. Aund svel there it 1s ulso upon thu other, the darker aldvof tho etcawmer. Well, cerialaly tuat is very cutfous.’ Wa looked, and indeed it srem od ‘remarkable. First upon the bright alde of the ateamer, and then unon the dark side, wonld appear tiose curious fashea of llzat, and disappear atrnost fustantly, Thev seemed to como at rekular {ntervals, and it was beautltil a8 well as strange. Ourreverfes were rudely isturbed, however, by ono of the custoras fn. spectors approaching, ** ¢ Looking at them flashes??® Yes,' aald the Professar, ¢ I wonder what re: 1 them's hot ashes they are throwing 6 ash-pits,' *The_ Profeasor was nonpluased for a mo- ment. Then saying, quietly, * Weli, weil. live lAml lcl.-.lrn-llvu and learn,’ he lapsed Into si- encd. COMPRRESSED AIR, A New fTavan Invention—What May he the Atrect Car of the Future, Newront, Conn., July 16.—To the Editor of the New York Sun: In tho Sun of the 13th fust., under the hend of ¥ Making Alr-Power Usctul,'* appears an articls which, althoueh fo- toresting, falls to give acorrect fleaof the strides of genfus fn the dlreetion of o practical control and use of alr, Belng a mechanle my- sclf, Theg leave to Inform you of some inter- esting facts within my knowledzo about com- pressed alr, So littlofa known of air-power by the mass of the people that {t1s uecessary to glance at the results obtained by forner experimenters, 20 that the diflicuities encountered by themn may be understood, and afull megsuro of eredit }m[ l;zi‘}'cn to thoso who succeed wilro they have alied, Dr, Copes, the Presidont of a sclentific rol. lege in New Orleans, savs: * We snent over B100,000 In trying toconstruct receivers in such form as would hold an air-pressure of 40 pounds to the squaro Inch: we even sent ahroad and bought steel, and had the plates riveted and sol- dered s and yet we fall to hold & pressurc of 200 pounds to the squara fach,” In Chicago, a few years since, o car was built to Le run by air- wer. “Tlis car carrled n recelver on top of the dy. This recefver was five fect in diamcter and fourtcen feet long. They stored air enough to run five or six milcs; but thelr lnabitity to prevent the freezing up of the exhaust-vipe, to- gether with the great welght of the inventlon, renderea it useless. In Now York City, n few years ago, s Mr, Day Invented an cnzine to be run by compressed alr. This was tricd on the clevated ratiroad. After yunuing a short dis- tance it was brought toa standstill by the frecz. an-u? of the pipes, and the project was aban- loned. 1 #ind that the motor mentioned In the Sun of the 13th, or ons on substantially the same plan, has been tried with better results hereto- fore, loug bofore Mr. Hardy and Mr. James came to this country. Tha Becond-avenne motor {s calculated to atand a pressuro of 350 pounds to the aquare Inch. Taking into ace count tho capacity of their recelvers and thelr great welght (eieht tons), it will be {mpossible fo tun any conslderablo distancc—suy from Haoriem River to the City Hall—with a single charge of alr, A New Haven company have now brought out on alr-car, the tubes of which are only eizht fuclies In dlnmulcr, and it Is asserted that they withstood a pressure of 8,000 pounds to tho squara fnch. This car has been tested u ereat many times durlng the past threa months, al- ways, untliveryrecently, in the nieht, ‘The last two round trips wera mado on tho Whitney-av- enue road in Now Haven, and 1 was prescnt. Wo had twenty men on board, nnd we ran to Whitneyvillg ond back,~fiva miles,~and had 850 pounds46 the squara Inch left; aie enouzh to have taken us back to Whitneyvillu again, Freezing 18 prevented by n small afr-pump, which, from time to time, cenorates hot alr, forees 1t to surround the oylinders, and thereby prevents any accumulation of frost. This car can he managed by a boy, aud from citlier plat- form. It makes no nolse, and, as no machinery I8 seen, It reseubles In cyery was an ordinary atreet-car, ENotNE: GIGANTIC REPTILES. Discoverles of Fosslls In Wyoming and Col- orado by Yale FProfessors, Omaha (Neb.) Dee. About two months ago tho Hes contalned a briet reourt of rocent fossil dlszovories in the Rocky Mountains, near Coma .Stution, on the Unfon Pacte Rallrond. Theso dlscoveries havy proved ta ba of much greater linportunco to the sclentifle world than many who aro well versed in goology had supposed. Until very recently .geological surveyors In the Wast, among themn dayden and King, announcud that certaln fos. sils of tho reptila character found in the forma- tions belanking to what geologlata term theepoch of tha triassic, or ocolitle perlod, In different parts of Europo, dId not oxlst in similar forma. tions In America. At least, Iavder reported that in his extensivo yescarches he falled to find any traces of them. This was a clear contradie- tion of the claima of tho cvalntioalsts, who, 1lks Darwin, belleve that the approximnation to the ago of man was the result of gradstions, 8ud heneo where the remains of anlmals oxist which differ radically tu their structure fom anv others thero must of necessity be a connect. ing 1luk somowhere; {n other words, varlous spocimens of animals must save existed which havo succeeded those who had a resemblanco to tho first, which wers gradually lost 10 sight in the changed conditions of Naturearound them, A llo reporter, hearing that Mr. 8. W, Wil- laton, the assistant of Prof. MMussn, of Yale Colloze, who has Leen dlgging up fussils for several years In the mountalns, woutd remaln in Omaoha during Sunday, made a call upon the gontlemun, Mr. Williston readily entered futo conversation with_the repurter, *Tho press,' aaid lie, ** has made o great mnny blunders an:d tnisstatements concerning thesa discovories, and while I orten Mesltate on that acvount to bo Interviewesd, I shall gladly comply, hoplng you will be sowmewhat caroful fo vresenting tho iacts not to distort them. 1 have been with Prot. Mursh now for nearly four years, dovoting the summer timo to the fleld and the winter to clasalfication, etc. Our labors covera vory ex- tended urea, and though oxtended over a period of nearly four years, the moat important discoy- crles have buen made within two vears." Reporter—Your ereutest discovery wasthatat Como Statlon, on the Unton Pucile Ratroad, 1 resumnc. Williston—Noj; the greatest was probably In Colorado, but that st Como was of coustlerable fmportance, The romarkabla featuroof our dlscovery Is that tho fuasils which weru reported. sa not oxisting In Amerlea had hardly been brougkt to light In one locality before thou- sands of tons of romalns wore altnultancousty discoverod in different plares,—among the.lead- fug polnts are Como (Wyomnng), Colorado Bpringy, Canon City, and Morrison. Reporter—Can you zive e & general outline of these remalus Mr. Williston—Yes, Of course you aro awaro they are all petrifled; the banes found exhibit aniinals of the roptilo specles of nearly all oiz08, from that of acat up to one 60 feet In helyznt, ‘The uame of ths animal found at Como fs wiiat I8 what Is termed tho dinosanr; it belons to thereptilo specica of the crocodita order, ‘The remains give evidonco that the animnal stood up on {ts hind legs, somewhat llko a kaogaroo, and of courae iis hesd must have buen about as higk a8 the Urand Coutral Hotel of your vity wihicn hio stood un, - I!lv.“)ur‘t.un—Dld you find biss one of these glant cs ro glr. Williston—Oh, noj numver, sud I naturally b Dbleces of the sume past of the body to et all thio parts to make up tho romalns of onu a3 near as posstble, m,’,‘:.fim‘_h this tho largest of the kind Mr, Williston—No; we found one in Colorado that Prof, Marsh estimates must bave been About 100 fect tu leagth. Wo found’ sud col- lected u groat many different romains of the same general class, but belonging to different specics, We must baye shipoed from Colurado, Wyoming, aud Kausas from 500 to 400 speci- mots of the dinosaur, aud about 1,000 of what aro koown by the name of pterodactyl. Tha latter are a specles of fiylng reptile, or dragon, that cxistod ahout the rame age gs-the dino- sdurs. We found & specinen of .ono whods wiugs wore frem thirty Lo forcy fect from tip - to tlp,” Wa found seventesn. different speclus of this kind in the cretaceous, or vhalk, formutious of Western Kousss, Wo aslso found ru- wmalns of slx. spodos of toothed birds. Most of theso same character of fosslls nre fouud to & lcsser oxtent fn tho cretaceous fue- matious of England, aud wlao in Uermany, The Umo when theas aninwls existed wust, of cuurso, hiave been huodreds of thousands of years beforo to age of man, It was au age when the carth must bave been much warmer than uow, sud woen the trecs and vegetation, of which we lud petriications lu rock of the same formation, pussessed the same propor- tiouate gt growth us thase anlwals do to tue predout existiug species, Reportur—It wust cost & .vast amount cf nluuoy to keep Up 8 corps making the colles- ons. Mr. Wiltiston—Yca: the fossll coll of Yl;l‘a have c\u‘iv;hc\:t 8230 sehay eporter—~\What limportauce do you your dis overical ey Mr. Willistou—There is & graat doal. In the doposits found {u thera wero a large ad to select tho best first place, there were no sucl Auvicrlca untll a littlo over a vear ugo, aud when thoy were discoverud. strange to say, they wers found alwost stwultaeously iu aix differgut places, Then, they are recurded as fmpos t in hearing upon the evolution theortes which are fast being acrepted by a larre body of the acfentitie world, For Instance, in the varions apecies of remaina fouud we have some that mive evitdences of having been so closely allfed to the bird apecles by thelr hollow bones, ete., that hut for the fact of thefr deficiency In the wing provislons it would be as difficult to clasai- fytnem as it Is to distingulsh between some of the higher order of plant and the lower order of animal lite. Reporter—Have you fully elassified all there- cent coliection} Mr. Williston—No. It ia a verv laborious task: some of the snecimens were of the herbiv- orous and others of the carnlvorous apecies, We hava been to work on the head of that giant reptlie from Como for a very long time, but have so far not yet fully made out its anatomy. It 18 not by any ' means 8 large head, considering the helght of the reotiic. Whaat 1 was going to say In relation to the importance of these dia- coverfes ls, that evolutionists have predicted that there must ba ¢ connectinge link betwreen anltala herctofore found in this country, ~Hay- den and others reported that none fiad Leen found tn all their surveys, and hence, now that the discovery §s tnade, it shows at least that, sy evulutionists reasonably claim, nature makes no sudden changes, There s no doubt that many anlmals of this formation are the antecedents of thu bird creation, or rather it marks the epoch of the gradual merzement or transitory state from walking maminals to the Lollow- toned flying specles, Reporter—Am I to infer from what you state that youaroa bellever in Darwin's ovelution dovtrine ? Mr. Willston—Yes; still, I conless thero ars sowmne very great scientists, who, though now ap- parently In the minority, antagonize that doce trine with many very c¢nzent rcasons, There was the lato Agassizy whom [ regarded as even above Humboldt, anil sccond oaly, perhaps, to Cuvier, a9 8 naturalist. He tad a very line, well-studied theory of his own, nnd even short. Iy before s deatt, whilo admitting that the evolutlonary doctrine was gatning ground under such lemdera ae Huxloy, Tyndatl, Darwin, and otiers, he still clung to his"old matured views, and his ron, who Is following his footpath as o naturalist, only In s limited” nod more spacific ficld, clings to his father's views, ————— A WHOPPIN' STORY. All Aboat a Big Snako from Ohlo. Ihiladelohin Timer. The Olto editors visited the Zoolozleal Qar- den yesterday morning. The brown beara, the moment they saw them, plunged foto the water sud never came out till the editors left. Tha chimpanzees appeared pleased, nod frisked about and oxteuded thelr lands numerous times In token of hoarty weicome. The edltors didn’t Iiko their famillarity, and withdrew to the snakes, Thore was ono mas in the party wha eyed the boa-coustrictor and other Inrgo reptiles that aro wont to arouss the wonder of rpectators with - such Inlifference thut he attracted (he attentlon of all who saw him. He luoked like & Dearon, and some thousht his manner toward ‘fiw suakes was on ac. count of convictions that disaporoved of visiting such a place on Sunday. But among the otticr editors & whisper wout round thut he waa the man who hnd Lhe recent expericnco with a larre snake in Ohlo. Same had not :xlcnrd of the affalr, and after they ot out In i shada and scated’ themselves on beoches ar the sca-lons, by,dint of a good deal of Hfl!tln'-t ho waa provaljod on to relate the story, as followas * Abvuat o month ago, feellug tho nced of rolaxation, and kaowlng 1 ad an ablo substi- tute in mr partuer and business munager, 1 took a hriel vacatioti from my elitorlul dutles, and went down to vl I‘;uy brother on farm on tne Beota, Thiy farin-louso stands on slopiug pieco of grognll; below them fluws the Sclota River, cledr, and coul, and above them the ground " msconds to s gens tle knoll, It ¥ ‘verv roeky in that region, and rattl hnl:ca, blacksnakes ot the racer specles, gnd copperheads are eald fu be thicker here than in any other part of Ohlo. [ bind neverscon any myself, and so went there thinking littls or nothing about them, My brothers Elru Is a great woman for rasing chickens, At the Onlo State Falr, Inst year, her chickens tgok the first and second vrize for cholee of. drecd and for large size, When I got down- £6 the tarm I found Mera. ——In greas distrogss All her large chickens had disappeared buk two or three, and nobody could tell what beenme of then. Varmints wero not plenty nguu there, so the blame conid uot lay on Toy 3 Nelther could it be put on persons, for all the foliss about thefs wero hunest fariners and'Belonged to the church, One day [ was up owtlie lnli-side, seated tn the shiade, 08 wo are uww, reasding, Presently, | uapnened to lovk u‘y.,gml aw, ot twenty virds from my, one of, Mrs. —'s larzo shang- hal roosters, It WhS nimost as lirge as turkey, and I rhember, ua watched him ateuttior arouhd, I wondered whether it wasu't his groat stds that had kept hlm from woing with tho resd [resumed my reading: m}nm. but i less tham a minute I hearl a flutter of wings und looked up, Tise rooster was no- whero to by seen. ‘Tue ground was clear for an arcaof lolf a mile. Tgotup, and notived o short dlstunce away, noar where I had last seen the rooster, what I took to bo feathers In the fiotlow of & black sfump. T went to the spot, They were leathors,' “I'ho’ stump, o8 I came eluser, seomed to recedo a short way tuto tue group, and the feathers with §t.” Here tho editar pausod, and swopt the per- sofeatlon from his brow with a red handkerchief, while the crowil, with horror deplctud an their faces ns plainly os tiess words are printod on paper, drow thelr scats up closer and pushed thelr heads nearer, “ touttemen,” sald the editor, carefully plac. ng his haudkerchief 'fu bis brenst-pocket, “i T lve to be W) years old I whaliever foreet tha culd sengation that scemed to c}ua‘) throuzh my blood, when I saw that stump had two aliteer- inr eves nwd 2 white, ring arouud Its neck, It was a ucer, and I saw tho tall of tho rooster sticklug out ol its yawalng mouth, I got down tothe house andiny lega scemed like Hmber vipe-atoms us | went, Hall an hour later my brothier, myself and three or fourof the nelgh- bors returned to the seene with ropes and a log-chain, W knew {t would unly be s wasto of powder and lead to try to shoot the suake, s0 we yot above him and rolled stoues down tho bill till he drew hils head {nto the ground. ‘Lhen we quickly lald the log-chain sround the hole in asort of draw-loop, To the other eud of the chaln wu atiached the rops, Then we ot down the hill with the end of the rops and walted, Wo did not have long to walt, In loss than thirty minutes ho came out, We waited tall his neck protruded for aboul half a foot, and then we Jorked therope. The next momeut we had hin fast. Threo of us pulled tho rope, whilo tho other two gob handspikes, Yard after yard we drew out, till we had Wim tail and all, Hia bady scemod a foot in diame- ter and his length~" “Here the crowd with one aceord theust the!r hea:ls so closo that the nar- rator was obllzed to move back a litte for more room, *—Mhis lenzth was thirteen feot and six or elght—let no sco; | made n vote of {43 and he fumbled for his nate-buek, butthu crowd sald never mind; they'd take his word for It, “I'va Jolt it In my other voat-pucket," he sald, “HBut never mind. Iv was eltbor thirteon fect six or thirteen feot cight luches; my inpression fa that it was thirtecn feet olght, but I want 10 ba correzt, and we'll glve veracity the benetit of the avubt and say thirteen siX. We killed bim with hundsplkes, sud afterward cut him open. In his body we found the rooster e haa 1 swallowed, und wvery wnc of thu other na Lhat had so wysterlously dlsappearvd, told, and every one Hving.” V* Liviag! ** ejaculated the crowd i choruy. ¥ Living," sald the edltor, calmly, * Beforo I roturned from my vacation | bad the sntlsfac- tlon of secing three us fine broods of chivkens os [ever vxpoct to e muywheru hatched by three of thesy samo hons that bad been so lonyg lwprisoned {u that suake's bady. ‘Tho party satd uu uiore, but sat in deep allence for ubuut ous miuute, wicn soiebody suggest- ed that they bo golug, und they arose und re- pulred Ilmughl}:fllv tu the place where they keep the polar beara, > i —————— i o Miss Sarah M. Peale. thu portrait-painter, a daugnter of James Peale, has roturned to wake her home in Pallude!phis, after an absencu of riore than thirty years n St Loufs. She I8 an old womun now, and In her carlier dava she painted the portraits of mauv notable men, in- cludiug Lakayette, Thomus Benton, snd Daplel Webster, Bne painted Calen Cushing's picture 1u ber carller davs, aud davi of the Job; *Ho was In the Congressiona) Library, Teent my curd to hlw, flo coue out. 1 requested mtlmE; from hlin, but he bebiaved 8o rudely that 1 feit mortitled for bavime askad him. He prom. ized to sit, however, sl nuoied @ day whew be would wieot mo ot wy bouse. ke camo accorl- Jug to appotutment. 1 was up-slaire. Wiieu t colored {.. who had showa hilw fo, came up to uie, Ltoldbilm 10 request the zeutleman, to take & svat Ju tho parlor. The boy did so, but Mr. Qushing said geusliy: ¢ Never min 1 can take care of wyself, can't 12 and bo cou. tluued uw:lnf up sud down the batl uathl § pre. scuted myself, Throughout the Urst sud ond sittiugs his conduct was so careless gin rough as to disgust ma, He was vain, too, aud yery particular about the color of hls dr To provoie wie further be deaunded to kuow all Bbout the walcrials composing tha colors, sud 3poks as though bie ku:w wore of my buslness thuu XAl myself. When thy pleture was fu- baued Lo saldi ¥ Why, wadam, you bare wads it too handsome.® * Al T replied, fronfcally, ¢ but not so handsome ns tho original,” That #entenco made the valn Benstor my firm friend. te at once pnld my price—~§i0—and took away the plcture.’ DIPLOMATIC LANGUAGE, Why French Is Generally Employed, PAlladetohta Press. At s political congress onc highly impor- tant point is that the Plenipotentiariva shoutd understand one another. It each were to epeak in his mother tongue, there might be & Babel of languages, and the Teas accomplished linguist woula be at the con- siderable disadvantage of not understanding much that was said. This actually occurred in 1835, when Lord Jobn Russell was sent to repre- sent England fa the cooference st Vienna, held to settle the ‘Turco-Rusaian difficulty, and, in his utter ignurance of the French Innguage, which was the medinm of communication on that nccasion, mistook o did not understana several points, and finatly returned home, hav- ing confersedly done more harm than wood, his own prapositions being misunderatood, beeause they were expressed in Euglisl, at that time less gencrally spoken aud read by European diplomatists than at present, In December, 1871, the arbitrators appointed to settiethe Alabama claims and other ques tons st lssua between thin country mad En- gland held their tirst sitting at Geneva, and their declslon and award were _concluded aud signed In September, 1374 There were five arbitrators, FEnzlish, American, Italian, Swiss, and Brazillan, all men of ackuuwledved ability, The Eaoelish langunge was the mother tougue of Mr. C. F. Adams aud 8ir Alexander Cockburn; Portuzuese that of the Brazilian representative, who was Ignorant of Enzish; Gerinan of the President of tne Swiss Republle, who read but did nut epcak Engllsh; and Jtal- fan of Cuunt Bclopis, who spoke and read En- lish perfectly. All the arbitrators, however, were well acqualuted with Freoch, and this gave tho United States a great advantaue, which was adrotly turned to the go account of the Atnerlean * case,” written in En- glish, A translation luto French was made, by which a'l the arbitrators were enabled to under- stund our clatms. By singular foalvertence, a llke exizency was uot provided for by the Dritiah Government. 8o, the forelon arbitrators vould read tho American “case” In Ft'enchx but had tu bring to thy *‘oppousition case” an fuferfor kuowledge of the Enzlish tongue. Tnls practice was legitimate, if sharp, on the part of the Unlted States Sinco the English Revolution of 1633, French has been the provalling languazoe of diplomacy, thiough it is almost an axiom of International taw that every country has a right to uso its. own tougue, 3 was the ascendeucy of Louls XIV, and _ the supremacy of Napoleon I. that imposed the ch touzue on the Ambassudors oi the other aud, in several trestles expresscd (a prutests were fnserted to the effect that the employment of that language waa not to form s precedent, This wus the case at the great Conzress of Vienna, in 1815, which was personally attended by the Emperor of Russla aud hulf-a duzen otlier sovereigns, bo- aldes & erowd ot Princes, and a numbes of emi- nent publicists, including Talleyrund, Metter- nich, Wellington, aud Castlereagii. ‘I'lic Gorman Btates have usually been very touchy about tne matter. Under Blamarck’s adminisiratlon, dip- lowatle ducuments have usuully becn written 1n German, Not wmidl 1323, whén Mr, Cauning Lecume Foreten Minlater of England, was th course adopted of substitutinz Eoglish for French n - diplymatte communl-ations with forelzn States, Such is the prastice here, but treatles are usually bilingusl—in the lincuage of both contracting Powers, At present, so greatly has the naw of the Enclish tosiue exe tended, that ab the openiug of the Burlln Con- greas, when Lorid Beazonatleld, op toe Invitatiun of Princa Bismarck, opened the procsedings with n specch in English, he was understood by a largre majority of tho Llenlpotentiaries whom ho addressed.” On subsequens occastons he spoke fluently In French. * Prince Blsmarck is himnsell able to converse n German, English, French, and Russtan, In fact, a knowledige of languayo constitutes much of the stozk fu trade of modern diplomatists, Long before the relen of Queen Elizabeth, the Frenen Inuguazs was much used by calinet and court, Her Majusty, Hke poor Lady Jane Grey, was highiy sccomplisued n lsngaaes, dcm] and Dving, -Mary Stuart was inlstreas of Engzlish, Frencn, “Italan, anid Spanisu, Most of Elizabetl's letters to persous vut of Eu- lutil were in French, Henrv VILL, Ler father, tossessed conslierable avllity in drawing up Btato papers, but s fummous tract arainst Luther (* Assertio VII, Sacramentorum adversus ‘Lutheruwr”), which obtalned for i tho: title of Defender of the Falth from Pope Leo X., was written o Latin, Baforo Fronch was (ntroduced s the tanguage of divlomacy, Latin was tho seneral tongno of treaties and protocols. Tho orzinal of the famous L'reaty of Kaluardje ot 1774, between the Czar and the Poree, was o Itahan, which languazo was still paramonnt in the Levant, where the Venetlan posscssions had given it root. RAILWAYS IN TILi WORLD, A Quarter-Milllon iles ~Americn Has Near- 1y an Much ns Hurape. The Economiste Francais has recoutly pub- lished sumne atatistics, showing that the totut leugth of railways {u the world at the end of 1876 was 163,003 miless Of these, Europe pos- svssod 60,430 milcs; America, K3,420 miles; Asls, 7,080 miles; Australin, 1,024 miles: and Africa, 1,510 miles. The United Btates are credited with 74,003, Germany 17,131, Great Britatn 10704, France 13,402, Russia 11,555, Austrle 10,852, Italy 4,815, and Turkey 060 miles. The rallwuy system in Indiafs griven 0,527 miles, Conada 4,200, the Argentine Republle 00, Peru 070, pL 475, aud Bruzil 830 nfles. It is caleulated that at the end of 1871 the capital fuvested in the Eo- ropean rallwavs amounted to 310,33,000,000, aud fu thoss in Amuriea and other parts of the world $3,037,500,000, maiin: a totul of 16,314, BOJ,000, The Europeun rallwass are cresito with the posseasion of 42,000 lo-omotiyes, 0,00 passenger conches, and ZWOO) frebzhit cars, in which were conveyed durinz 1378 no loss than *1, 140,000,000 passenxers and 5,400,000,000 tona of freleht, Almost -lmu:unwual{ with thls stateinent n the French nowspaner has appear- vd somu statlstics prepared by Prof. Bodio, the head of the Ituliau General Btatlstical Oftiee, upon the oxtension, cost, and working of the world’s rallwavs. These documents show that in 1850 the leumth of lines open all aver the earth was no more than 30,000 kilometres (about 15,600 milea); and that In 15751t wus s much as 244,000 kilos, Those fizures certatnly shuw us the extremo slawness with whlch, in the beginning, raliwavs wers constructed, und the great rapulity with which they wero bullt later on. For Instance, the tirst Enzllah pail- road, the Slecktun & Darllneton, wis opened to traflic Sept. 7, 1823, while tho ilrst road constructed {n this country was i encration a year later, or pearly a quarter of o century bes fore tho start of Itallan statistics, Yet at tho end of twenty-four years the entire length of lne n the workd “was but Hitle mory than the nogregate length ol rullromds existing ot the prescut time fo Boglang, The Itallan sta- tstics show the constantiv-fucreasing raptdlty of coustriction fu the followlug flgures: L. twoen 1850 und 1540 the aunually aded 1o the previous cxisting syatemy averazed 7,600 kllos | kilometreds throc-fliths of a wite]; Letween 156) aud 1870 tho averao hag uriden to 10,000 Kilug; between 1870 aund 1875 it wus os wuch as 10,400 kilos. In othier words, in tha last quarter of a century (1550 to 15i5) we find that the yearly growth sveraged 10,50 kilos, or 0,538 miles. it scewg to be the general bollef that the bullding of raitrouds has recetved o cunsideruble cheek siice 1873, aud there are not u few who are fnclined to the uI)lnqu that it will never re- suws its former activity, They argue that the rallway system of the more advanced couutries, batl a3 regards machinery and commuuleatfons, 14 now so nearly complete that it will fn future proceed slowly. In truth, howuver, the facts fn the vase do uot warrant thess ovpinfoas. Most of the wealtbler unatlons are fenzthoming thelr lnea of rallway truttle; many thosunds of wiles sro projectod it codutry, aud Cavads, South Awcrlea, aml mors distant lauds, are Lut lmperfectly rl‘m‘hh'\l lor. 1t s not Lou inuch ralbw ut too little eapli which bas caused the preseut pause. Aveadng to Frof, Bodlo, mure thau euoirZli motey wus laid out In the quaster of a century ended 1870 tu pay off the existiug nutionad debts of the Un‘lr.nl Btatea, Frauce, the United Kingdow, uud Rusala. "Tuhlng the progressive rate ot which raitway constraction ’m'n sed ub o 1875, we Hod the totw! mileags of the ruliwavs of Lhe world wt the preseat tine o be 205,000 wiles, or, addinz suy 25 per ceut for switches, 'statlous, sud doubls or olber fucreayed Hluck, wo lave u rand totad wileage of 236,350 willes. “Faking these 235250 miles ut 108 tows of radl per wile, wo ud o Hross wellit of 27,335,000 tons of rait in-use in the world, The avesaze le of waull Lss been waleulsted 3t ten years, which tworoticaliy Urlugs the auuual requirements of tho world to 400,08 tons, whicly, lu fact, 33 Lau amount clatmed by the London Ruiwsy News. But in common fuiruess we must quote from o recent copy of * The Irou-Works of the United States,” fssucd by tbe Iron unl Stecl Asioclation ol Awerics. This Assocation shows thas tue annual rolling papacity of heavy rail mills fn this conntry, In fet tons, on the Fiat December, 1875, way e»&nll to 1,910.300 tans, or nearly two and one-hall times greater than the year's re- auirements, The amount actually consumed that year was: Tmuorted, 18,253 tons (in 1571 the welght of ratls brought from abroad into the United States was 505,701 tons); and hame- made, 7925612 tons. It to this make we add the English produce—four times as wuch iron ore Is extracted from the mines in that country 28 In thls—it looks very much as though the NMaillway Nem hed made some mistake in Its figurcs. There soems to be no doubt, however, that there Is a deficiency In de- mand of mbouta milllon tons per annum. To this extent, therefore, It is hetd by English and American engineers that orders are kept back in consequence of the depression of the tincs but that ultimately there must be a nowerlul reaction and good “times for tha rall.makers. It must ne admitted, huwever, that it Is & very difficult questfon to determins the lifa of & rall, owlng to the great varlety of trafllc on different roads, and to the fact that both iron and steel rails are stif] used. When the use of fron rails has been discontinued, snd steel rails alone are used—which in conrse of time they will he—then only can the liizof a rail be definitely calculated, Bcarcely oune- ninth of the existiog railway milcago of the world {s worked by the State, and of this small proportion, fully one-half is to be found In (ler- many. Notwithstanding this remarkable fact, in every country except, perhaps, in the Unlted Kingdom, the most extensive ald is ren- dered to the railways by the State, Accord- Ing to Prof. Bodlu, overywhere Htate manage- ment {8 more costly than private management. ‘Thus, tha working expenses of the State lines are, in Belgluin, T265 ver vent of the gross ro- ceipts, against §1.15 per vent ol tha private com- panies; 75.60 per cent In Prussin, azainat (4.40; and fu the rest of Germany, 68,30, azalust 53,14, ITowever, It I8 reasonable to suppuse that pri- vate cnterprise constructed the most rewmunera- tive liuea; that the State lines, at least sotie of thom, weie laid out for the strateyic rather than ;hc:' comumercial advantages which they prom- sed, \We aro not furnished any pnsitive inforna- tlon shivwrior the percentara of thy working ex- bensea in the different furclgn countries, but we are given to understand ln a general way that these sre lower in the United Kinzdom than tu any parts of Uerimany, Belgium, Holland, 8witz- rfand, Italy, or Russia. Of one thing we are nssured, and thot {3 that the cost of railways, fucluding thoe cost of construction, of rollng- stock, and necessaries of all kinds, Is constantly on the Increase in Europe. Tous, the cost per kilometre rose fn tStro- Hungary from 166,000 to 327,080 frunes Detween 1950 and 1873; tn Germany, from 218,000 to 814.000 Irancs between 1865 and 1875, In Belyium from 267,000 to 234,000 [rancs between 1855 and 18705 aud in France from 402,000 to 401,000 franes between 1835 and 1475, Tuls largo incresse {s accounted for by the Ligher value of Jabor and materials, and by the ronstaut Improvements rendered necessary ou all Huca, The chlef trouble in the way of as- certaluing the working expenscs of European rallways is that hanlly auvwhere are scparate accounts Kept by " thé companies; and it is generally nirreed. that the “truin nde® T1s uneatisfactory os s unit of cost, though no attempt is. tiaking to find a better one, At a recent meeting of en- eiveers i London, an English raliroad inunager argued that the *“tou mile™ had certaln ad. vantages as a unit of cost, and was capavle of correctlon, which the *'traln mile'* was not. Starting with this basis of calculation, it ap- peared to him, fzom wnalysls of recurns of scv- eral lending French rouds fu 1872, that to carry 4 passener one inile cost 0.306 pence; to carry o ton of frelzht for & nile cust 0.0 pence, Ou several prinelpul rallways, fno 1875, the co per mile of carrying & passcuger was 0,15 pence; of a ton of trefght, 0.519 pence. lo snid ttat un geven Amerlean roilways, o 1878, the cost pur wlle for a passenger was 0,413 pence; for a ton of frelght, 1.57 penee, but that prices had #ince been reduced fully 30 per cent. 1t Lollow- ed, fu his epiuion, that In order to derive an equal provortionute profit from esch braneh of trailic, the frelztit per ton on the averaze of tho lines In question should equal 274 tincs verage fare of & slugle passenger for equat In our awn vountry, the coss of worging differont deseriotious of Tallway tratlls cannot be eastly ascertained, Sumo of the coin. panies maintam that they are not bound to fur- nish the publle with such details ot thelr ex- peuses and recelpts, but the real truth of the matter 15 no satisfuctory basla of calenlation has yet been agreed unon by our Amcrican nan- uers, The teatu-mile is quite unsatistactory us aunit of cost, und untll s better unc §s found wo will huve to put up with rough approxiwn- tious and caiculate accordingly. BRITAIN IN EGYPT. Virtual Abdlcation of the Khedive~English Bhylocke Dleeding tho Treasury, Ciirn Correspondence New Fork Tines, I cannot say that we are having glorious times here just now, the Khedive having quite abdl. cated. The wmew Financisl Commissfon—the Rivers-Wilson une—are doing everything with o bigh haud, overturning cvervthing where Eng- ltshunen are not fuvolved. 1have never belleved, as Is generally bolleved hore, that Eoglund would dequire a protectorato over Egypt, for she can have—tus alreudy—all the benefits which she might sccure by a protocturate withiout any of thy il that might accompany a formul assump- tlun of responaibitity. For a year back a sinipls inthnation of the Engllsh Ministey laa bad all the cilicacy of an onder hers; nuu&;ni 27 men at coormous salarics—§20,000, $:25,000, and $30,000 u year—into nearly sll the prom- inent positions {o the countrr, " If she cau wet such a lold upon the country as to be equiva- to o practival abdicatiun “by tho Khedlve, e will be no nocssity for dolng more, no nced of risking s rupture with France, which botl Germany ati Russis have hoped to ereate, Tu give you a clear understunding of mattera I will cite'an [nstance or two of Euclish preter- ment, Au Euglistinan has under bis munage- ment the entire Sowdan, He was foreaidt upon the Khedive by the Engllsh Ministry, Indeed, on his arrival hero, Just before receving the aps pointent, hio refused to see the Khedive until the Consul-tienerul bere, the represeutative of tho Mintry, of course, sacured from the Khe- dive all thut wos rc"lmved—!hn concessfon of absoltte autbority, and the promise of o salary of $30,000 o year. Thue navy is fn Evzhch hands, tho cosst-zuard 18 aléo under English control, aud thy force detsiled to exc. cuta Lhie provisions of tho slave treaty between England and Ezypt is dirceted by Englistunen. ‘i ralltouls, the telegraph-lines, the custom, and revenus colloctions are controlled by K gland. Last of al) comes the Wilson Coinn ston, — Thu Kuodive clalined that tho taxes and other revenues of the country wers invulllclent 10 Keep the necessary machiucry of the Govern- ment (o opreration, If ho was bo obliced to pay the bigh rate of luterest now exaeted. The bondhowders contended that he could pay, und 80, to determine the maiter, the Cammisslon wius appolnted, This {s squivalent for the tinio being to complete ubateation. How fouwg 1t will last we can vuly guass, wiien the mamaion-lovs inz members of the Commlssion, W und 1, hix associatos, are recelviog such princely sule urles, ——— THE NEW SILVER DOLLARS. of aliver doilurs In tiie Transury which Lommissun un tho way t i Ono hundred and ninety milltone of gold dollara In the Pressury which nobody wants, snd & Con- missiun on the way to Hurebo o iry 10 persuade the untlons thai Goth uiclals should be utilized as muney rather than give & monopoly 1o one, Why §a not thiat rizhit and polltied—Caleago Tribune, To he Editor of The Tribunc, Darnotr, Mich., July 20.—1s it uot rather the truth thattue peovls want tha silver dollars, but cannot get themi Wo want a thousand of them a week fu our busineas, but cau't got doltar, Why does not the Uoverument supply fts Iepoiltorice sa that we can get them, fnstead of keeping thew locked up in the vaults of the Business, ‘Iyeasury! N . TE UEII NUMEROUS 0 Sl o Jiave arabilaticd biviatocs, ua desiii dverilsenicuts wiil Ins taken for tha ed at the Main Ofice, sud witl b rece ved brico sacherged atll B ueluck . 10, GUTIo the wovk, aud Uoiil @ p. w. vl Bejurdare; EidMS, Boowcliers mud Statiozers, 13 DEN, Nowstoalor. biationer, ete., 1000 epern-av, 40 News Deoot, 1 A thres-1iug adseriisamony inseried in thia colums Qurtag ireek d1ya. e 5 conte; ¢1ch wildtlonal fine 13 eenin. 03 Sunduy 20 ¢nts wling e charged. 7 wurds ureragealine, OST—A_ PAI OF GULD SPECTACLES IN A 4 casonear 811 Miciitgauesv. The Bicr will be onfi- 4 by roturulug thow sod. K. BUTePURD, OST-1,101 fi'fi”umfim s 40D LUggy, #194ns boXi rubber-trimmed MElag el on Gbree, lieturn o 335 Woak AR PROM™OSCAR FIKLD L plichizunars 8 bes o 13 iaale Wgt, o ¥ ¢l Diaraess wad U siuara-bog bugiy, “Auy o ¥ {ntoruiation of Foturotng tie saua will be ‘Huerally #3¢ Fuu’fio‘fi'fi G0 10 il D rouriate A = W P PIN'S, QOUNELL MADI- larger stovk tlsa Vw0 diozoa 0f tae KI4d (3 Coicason s b d s CITY REAL ESTATE. A tAres-line adbertisement (ngerted in 1A Thmn Auring icoek daye for 30 reate; eack additian fine-18 . cenux Om Sunday 22 cent a fine (v eAarged. -7 word arerage aiine. OR BALE — $1.000—ATORE. AND DWELLING over, lot 252125, on Madisoo, beiween Westera snd Campbait-ave, o0 Siare. and dwelllng aver, lot 23x13s, eomer 23’:’\??:“.3"" Gurley-sta, s renta for $30 per month nowy Cheap—lot, 242115, with bufldiog, soath front, on Man ., hetwaen Rangaman sad Moigan.ste W Eneap—~(iood dwelling, 8nd 1ot 305120, east front. on Michigan-av., rightat ‘hirtieth-st, 1 soms ons will get bargain hers, ©)ne nf 1he Griest preces of hustnem property In Chlca- . beltvren Lantia.rts At Filebonere il o o own for can, ™ 7. B, IOYN, ftoom 7, 173 Wt © [rOR 8ALESi15 FER FouT Wi ¢ ¥ 3 PRI FOUT Wi B o, L' feet 19uth-frant on W *AV., lnguire of JOI S A: BARTIA T, 27 15 (ot BUBURDAN REAL ESTATL, ORSALRE—817 WILI, DY A NEAULIFUL, B (oI WS fram 1250t 4 ukranges 1 il fiam Chieago: §13 down et property inmarker, and show iro11tars ta, "TILA HiR) S AT 3 here ds in fowa, In Woo Ihury County:wood house, fances, "",","a’fl"_:,} AT h'vm tho'heaty 100 acres A -aecre farin, amilse from RBlogm, 25 mile: from Chcigu. In Coak Countys all nndee plow And fonees 10acres timhert very cheap. You can'tcono i-gcre farm, nlcely tmroved, 22 mites from Court. Hause In Chifcago, 1 mile [rom depat; stork. 1o IR wiih 18 ¢ low ficarn. (1 and s g1, 0P C1C T. B, BUTD, Room 7, 170 Matsan-s: T HAVE 1. n Incated nomijey Naahsilie, Tennesser, thiat wa will aell for catn F exchange far un hmpraved farm tn [iinots, lows, af Kanaas, ar for s fouring nilfl well located. o for & stock of goode. The [ani In Ainely locatsd near n rail foad, & DAt well coverod with gond timber: good w amd healthy country, frat-clae frafy and. 1’{"- ce soliclteds 'Wio cirars sbtract furnffird. . FUNR, Newton, Kanwas, ot F.0. FUNK, FOUT AN £3TATE, ONE OF tha State, 1,240 acred, all weid ©ron goen with the fArm: o1 miles west nf V) OT ACTE, UNS-QUATLET dnwn, hala: t d Trilvian aiman, Tranacse 1R BOT I £ on ato; ON MEN'S CALP tro'on light Ko o {31 Ease N ENCED BARGIC T0 10 uth totake charge of a Ateam cracker and cako bakeryt (0 o firat class man_a gowl malary will ba patdt notieothers need o For patiteulare fuqaira AL C. L WOOIMAN & CUS, 6F Washingion-at., be- twéén hiate nud Dearborn. ployment Agencies. YVASTED-10 LEAVE ON MONDAY, 20 TRACK dbep, 13Er8: 10 for sietl 13, army ienite; ono iener, ani one . s ‘ WATGHT & RES . o 1 ST W ANTE and ateady worky FIFTH-AV,, 75 RAILROAD 1) K04 ‘waken; frec fare; Monday eveiine, W ANTED=S TBOREIL PO Nt O, 24 Miswuri, ilifiiols, anit Wisconsiny §1. 2 . nnd 8105 perdayy a0 stane-culiers: 50 tlo-makeres foremai goes with the men' frea farey atd, il BPEL BECK'S, 1 Woat [tandorph-at Miscellancous. TANTED — A = PERSUN LIEIOUGH . V quaifted with the rAsUIO B oflea sm Tl 1ag af splees,” Nestof roferencrs paqui Adlress Lreain Lliy Coffee and Spice 3ilts, 201 East Waterat., Stilwaukee, ¥ W ANTED-A SALESYAN TRAVELING B o ge1l RuTEs 90 commisston for an’ factory, why hero & great varlety aad goad facilizics, wer, wicl e Tef i) ITUATION WANTED=AS BOOKKEK(! commindon house: Ing experienco iy tlon, &l secd busluesss guad references, C 1a 0 utiice. o, 03~ ., Trih- TDRUG ETORE Fout wAE: and best locate tn good s Towns stock sbout teriin easy.” For full pirticus 2 0F Bldress ¥, D, BUOTH, Des TUIt SALE-IN ST, . MINN, GUVH Su- ple-itoom and festeugant, with'or without tin bulldiug; oug leats of kround,” Thisfsthe fiest plrca weaLof Chlesgo withuut any exceptisn fon extras A aid g 3 1 b i’ ht g, 2ema fol MAALSDOY K ood pe a TN unler, an) products ¢ st 1 N modern Improvementa: Govaromant ware- louses and daelling-hoises 1f wanted attasheds for saleatafow price, | Anplica.ts pleas od tresd fur fur- ther (nformation b ol Jron saLk=y cuntrul of A Lished, A £3.000 to §4.000; o] ressol sell._Addrens A2 Teinone ~ Weat Kldes 'l‘o NENT-CHEAP-31_NORTIl PRORIA-ST., 10 minuted walk from Court-iouss, 11 rooms. all newly calchiained, and [a ood order; € nild rent to two fawtites, T, 1. HOYD, 1oom 7, 170 Madivoieat. "0 REST—528 ADAY sll conven ences, largn lo.. order, BPEAIL & DIt Al South Side. —FIAME W00~ ™0 MICHIGAN- w4, furnace, ok wi ind bath; [ perf order: $¥:pérmonth. WALTEN MATIOCK Bsariogial n 0t 8, No. 4 ' WO-STORY AND Nu. 208 Krlo-at., oewiv paluted and ealelniued througout. WALTEIG MATIOCKN, 40 lleartorn st - A ——— TO RENT~STOREY, OFFICLS, &t. Htorese PO RENT-STORE 19 LA SF.. X170 PEEL, & arios and Bassmunt, aieaf elskatur, steam hetj rent fow. Apply 1o C.' A. SPRING, Jik., losm Yoaper ilio M REXT—AN IRON-FRONT BRICh i it &4 feet by 8, County, In, Apply tu . in the live town of Nashiia, Ciiteknoy A GEERL Y ___WANTED NTED — TO UK Toom, l‘-flli»alnll. by » sing Michiuan, or Inlisva-av. ; ull convenicncea, L 48, Trivung odice, TO EXCHANGE, 7i"n~h CHANOR_TIUILIIN G, A on Halsied by 76 feet ou Adatis-s ners tiis Is one of the oest lusness . Huw offered Tur trade ool Titnolu; ma 4, TOF UUE propersy bs Nu, cis property, And getiing hetier, welllng. and 13745118, south fruat'on Madlson, ba- tween PRNZAMION AId Murkal-sta., for & Kuod lot, or cu tago sad lut 10 cliY. 1oy acrs turm, oul dwcliing. 10uacres under plow and fence, No. 1 tarni, v Woudbinry County, Ia., clexr, Want huouso and ft worils 83 0 tn iy, : 1,000 acres of dne faria Tands n Caaza County, 3lo.; ciear, for subtiebi lot ur CILY BROpOTLY, 8,000 worth of nive koods, aaeral stock, for good pleve of land In Towa; must by gud, Fi finproved farm. 1Xacrer, clear, n 2 milos o wntieothe, Mo yioud bulliiug, And everytting I k Blinpo, for stuck of hardware, 13 fiow reslilence ots, 3 biveks from steaet-oar, elc for & o Improved arss 1 Liinots o Juwss witi Buno §5, U uF Duy Casliy Wik trade part or allaf n ¢ mproved farey iu d farm land near Laporte cointy Nobi, clear, tor 1014 oF Luus:a 14 ota {n oF near Clileago, A1 elo2ant Fesidedice aid 5 acres of ground fu Alton, a1, for Koo Hvwio and Tt 1o Klverside or 1yue 3 Wi l'le'n unty, i £ AND 7 NORTH CLARK-» ) dicaor genclomen, #3133 plano & bath. [, —BOARD FOR LA- r wuek, with usc of [N ./ Blat "ult ou e, Tloard and réoin, per day, v weck, 6, ¥, #7. Furulatied ooy INEgALA NOTEL, 148 AND AN Boduced pricsa: a1 13, B4\ 850, 3‘:}: B, 820, NEW 5QUAKK PIANOS, REW UAL NEW OROANS in. W. KIMBALL, 1 Adsiud-sta. 3 NCEs MAD ARSATCE BN oiphat. near Clarks 'C.\sn'l'.'uh' FOL_OLT Munoy to luan on watofos, af wvepy doscripiton a8 GOLDSSLTYS Laxg Gltea Mlceaed8y Dia Malliol Sits CAN B2 UAD ‘currelty st tho countin AR50 SRk pauv. AN ( tha Lau w_u LR fur B LEat-cidds CIRaF sud saiply roum: SR g 0. Uk fuutre 174 Rask Mandolpl 5 EDBUGA koA 1IN susouligiad by t (warrailed): exzminaii g fece; uniiclosold. A ONKLEY, 160 2av Washiugiul: S10.000) T eI SR L MORSES A \T A8 WABASH-AV.~HOUBLE: 5. o §1int Veulcld "tor “water R TIA i) k3 AVEL e A 0 10 ks cu Bosaca, ugelea, eig.s dallV 88 10 8. 16 Twellit-als Eloroe KNkeG 378 Weat Twalitusst