Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 13, 1878, Page 9

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SATURDAY. JULY 13, 1878—T moralizin: fean wives and danehter rendere Iatter event has robbed the | will be sadis dteapnointed. T for the most | tion and Sef Prof. Reymond is a gradn- s fall the G effort Ly to erm res Yl‘l l Keen to at tn needof, Auother and tar | ormer of duc attention. ‘The latter yart of the | part, A more campilation of well-known facts of T i Jects spechally to the an gffort to restors I R BiEpngved, by the asme uthior, {s 4 Doctin” | ook, wik:h Is vossibly_drawn from welzinal | nariet bistorr mermmenon oo wood-cuts | oo of the Ublverrity of Beriln, In which e is [ idcaliem to Ita rizhitfal piate: Tno. fovmeir ng now u teacher, Haln perhaps the highest ag. thority on animal electricity, snd i other de. partmenta of science has a great reputation, Ila views uf the retations between sclenco and civilization are, therefore, entitled to attention n thuse of one who s in & position to speak nlm knowledge of at least one side of the ques- on. In the Primordal Leroly or Age of Uncon- acious Inferences, Prot, Resmona Tiolds. sclence did not cxist. The inatinect of caneality, the yuestioniug about the “\VN{I" of thims was then satlefierd with reasons that hardly deserved tho name, * Tn the second period,—the Anthropo- morph ¢ Aye,—man recounized the act of heinas Mke mimself, though usually hidden to his scuises, whomn he fancled to be free from the Vimitations to which he himself was subject, hut who, for the reat, had the same emations of love and hte, cratituile and revenge, with Rhnsclt, Thie sum of such imacinings of & given natlonat A given time we call {fs reilglon: but it might aiso be regarded as the personteative or anthrop- amurphic stage of our aystem of natare. Thirdly, there was the Lertod of Npeewlative and «Eatheiie Contemplation of Nature, which had its origin in the teaching of the lonfan pbysical ohilosophers, and, in the course ot 250 yenrs, attained wach " % hizhe - under . Bre curus, that, in his doctrincs, wa ready find foreshadowed the law of the servation of energy, of mntnematienl ph soite uf the advane math{cs, astronomy. and aroustics, Natural Scl- enice, as cumprebiending the mastery and ex. ploftation of nature, was all unknown to them, Thefr mindy Iacked the poinetaking ssaidnity re- uired to necena the dificult path of Induction— the only safe path—from pariicnlar and sharoly- clrcumscribed facts up to ceneral propusitions, thun rlsing gradually and methadically from the Apparent accidental to the conceotion of law, “The mictnte drawn by Promettens Bound of his sorvices o humanity ia 8 trae _representa'ion of ancient acience, when with astronomy, the alphaber, breeding of animals. mininz.and medicine, e directly couples Iy important gifts the interpretation of di 8, Of the filght of berds, and of the signa found in'the entrails of immolated antmals, Without selentific observation, erperiment, and sound theory, no enduring progress can he wade In the useful arts. The second of these #tugen of technieal evolution the anclents never attaned, Hlence comes the disproportion between technieal and wathietic perforinatce, Ao often notteed in the products of anclent § dustry. Anclent civilizatlon went to ruln be- cause that clvilization was bulit on the quick- tand of wathetics and apenlativism, which was aufckly swent away by the tide of harbarlan In- vaslon. Ruppose the ieziouaries had beenarmed with fint-locs muskets, fostead of the pilum, und that, inatesd of the catapult and the baje Hsta, the Romans purscened even such artillery as was employed dunne the sixtecntn century. Would not all the ilgrunt borles, from the Clmbr aud the Teutones down to the Vanaals, hiave beeu sent back home with broken hendsf But the anclent culture succumnbed, and Cliris- Lsally came Into posscssion of [ts remains. The Scholastico-ascetic Ver.od succeeded, During this period Christianity discouraged tae studyof nazure by depreciatiing i tno estimationof man- kind the world of phenomens, and also by pre- paring new and pecullar alms. beiore unhenrd of. Like n plant In the dark, tho ancient philos ophy put forth colorless and weakly srroute, which sought the light mainly in two directlons, —Platonistic tendeneles fuding expression ju an ncertain earls perfid. The causes walch led to the schism were of a zoclad and political as well 83 a refizfons natire, The Aryan tribes, aiter they bad lelt thelr orleinal hotne, which was in “all Jikelihord & culd country, led mainly a pnstoral Iife, and cultlvated anly occasionally eome patehes of fand for thelr own stipport, Bome of there tribes, whotn we may style the Iranisns proper, beeamo soon weary of thelr constant wanderings, ml, aitcr havinz reached such places between the' Oxus amnd Yoxartes Rivera_and the higilunds of Bac. trin as were deemed fit for perinancot settie- ments, they forrook the pastoral ilfe of their anceatora and their brother-tribes and became agrienlturiste, In conseqaence of this change, the Iranians estranged themseives from the other Aryon tribes which still clung to the an- ceatral occupatfon, ond, allured by the hope of “obtalning booty, regarded © those rettlements os the most mutuble objects for thetr incurelons and kirmislics. Thi sreess of the attacking Devn-worshipers w, malnly nscribed to spelis and sacrificinl skill, ‘Their religion, theretore, becamo an object of batred to the Iranlans, The Iranian religlon haa x:uns(-%unmlr to be changed, to break off every kind of communication with “fnvaders, The Deva reltzlon was hranded s the source of all miechief and wickeduces, and, instead of ity thie Ahuaa religlon of agriculture was tnstituted. The Aluna relizion was probahly not the work of one man, but the peculiar form which it assumed waa mainly duo to one great peraon- ace, Spitarna Zarathushtra (Zoronster), Toe meaning of the snpposel Zuroastrian Authorship of the whule Zond-Avesta 1 that the Scripture Is the worl of the high-priests fu the anclent Persfan Emplre, and other priests nearcst them in rank, compiled In the course of centuries. But it 18 not disputed that there was o founder of the line, the first Iwh vriest and nuthor of the relieion. This ¥a that Spitarng Zarathushtru,whase uame tlio Ureekcarrupted toZorastrades or Zoroastres,ly which name alons he is known to Buropeans,while the Persluns and Parsls changed it 1o Zaudoskt, Spitarns was probably his fomuly name, and Zarathushtra the naime of his vriestly ofllee, Vitny u‘?'n that Zoroaster flourished several thoneund years before Moses, but tha best au- thorities make him a contemporary of Moses. Othiers say that he lved as tate s 1,000 vears before Clirist, The theology of Zarathusbtra waa malnly based on Monotlielsm, Ho preached also a Dualtinm, that Is to say, the ldea of two original, {ndependent spirits, ons good snd the otber bad, utterly distinct from cach other, and one counteracting the creation of theother. ‘This Idea In 1o respect Interfered vith his Mon- othelsm. fio merely solved the question of origlual sin by the supposition of two primeval causes, which, thouch ‘different. were united, and produced the world of waterlal things as well as that of spirit, The original Zoronstrian notlon made thetwo creative spirits sorm only two parts of the divine spirit. But in the courss of timo I8 doctrine of the prest founder w] corrupted. The name of the good soirit was taken for that of the Deity himself, and the evil apirie was exalted fnto 'a soparate and almost equal sovereignty. Tha Parsl Ancro-Wainyush cor- responded with the Hebrew God, and the Parsi's Boento-Wainyush with the Heurew Devil, ‘The idea ot Monotheism wos tous superseded by that of Dualism. But this deviation from the ancient doctrino did not snuisy ail the divines and phtlosopliers in aoclent Persla, It was very ikely unly the {nuovation of an foflus entlal party or séet, called the Zendlk, The published Dy Tates & Lantat,’ of Boston, Something of fta charm_may he owing to the kil of the transator, Mary Neal Sherwoord, who has dane adiirahie work before tn + Shiy nie™ and K 73 bt the purlty, Mmplicity, and straightlorwardness, if we mav call it 5 " of the original, ga far to recommend it to favor, ItIna study of character ana life in Itussin, For the Kusslan otmesphere we tannot ray much, beeattse it seema {n no respect different from that which surrounde life in lower lati tudes: but the atudv of choracter f8 od mmirable. Dosia fs & apofled child, with a canacity for Intenss feeling, but, In the opening of the story, has no object upon which lier affections can b properiy expended, Sl has had 8 smatl adsventurs with her cousin, an oflicer in the army, whoin. once unon a lme, she Imuortuned to elape with her, Just as smali children (o our dav aud country ask Intimate Iriends or companions to run away with them. The cousin, who & character much like Dotin’s, and In on that account utterly nnfitted to awaken her love, agrees to the clopement. They start out._ After travellng a few wiles they anarrel, Doraia begs to be brought back, and the cousin, who by this time hos repented bitterly of Wi bareain, gladiv returns her, The meditated clopement (s not known even to her own parenta: but the cousin tells it on the snniscreary of his birthday, when he Is slightly excited by wine, 1o one of hin brother officers, a bosam-friend. That friend afterwards mects Doafa, fle fs aelf- poescssed. calm, senuble, ana pracisely adapted 1o control ber Impulsive uature, He falls in love with her, but, remembering her siich: Indiscretfon, anil pained heeause she has not confléence in im, ho witl not for some timo offer 1o marry her. At last, nvercome by her unselfishness and courage, exhiblited in her rescne of & drownlng man, lio asks her to marry him, and {s then rewarded by an instant con- Tesslon of ier elopeincnt, This In Apeedtly beushed away, and the marriaze s acrauged, ‘The coustn, meanwhile, has thrown himself ot the fect of ls Lrother officer's sister, & eharn). ing Princess, who has the qualities of mind and heart to steady him and make o man of him. There are otic ortwo small Incldents iu the plot, but they sro singularly brief and untmportant. The whole stary Is managesd with simplicity, case, and grace of wnnnnuer, without aflfectation or stratning siter effect, and writh Austalnea power. We mav perhians thank the author foromftting the *moral purpnse," seeing how badly she has done be it {n her previous cffort. _Another novel by the same nuthor, an- nounced by D, Appleton & Co.. fs * Artadne," which has not vet come to hand, Mr. 4. ', Lathrop's new novel, advance sheets of which have leen forwarded by Hoherts Brothers, fs modestly described by him 1n the dedication as a * little comedr.” We mean no dlnrlnrzummt in ndding that, on ln{ rensonnble catimate of its powerand scope, It must ho called 8 comedy of errors. It resembler, in prolizity of plot, and the tiresome effect induced thereby, the mora celebrated Comeds of Errors” which Plautus conceived and Shak- speare amplificd. ' Somebody Llae ia the not unfortunate title of tho present novel, and the meaniig of §b s that everybody in tho comedy, with the excoption of the Joker who sets tho whecls fn motion = amd an elderly pentlonan, belioves each of the otlier persons fn' the drai ifferent from his or her truc chare young meun are made to EM“T’ names, and two Young ladies dolikewisc. ther of the Soung men I8 aware that hic Is personated by anather: sources fo agreat degree, Is woree writien this movement s said to bo: * Conlc sections; no mora (ireck cxercises.” Prof. Glldersleeve clings to Greek exervises, Thers Ia no shorter war, he maintains, to a real grasp of the lan- winge than a rertain amount of Greek exer- tisen ' Not that that the advantage of a mers rending knowledge of (ireek Is to be under- fated. Too iew liave that »s it {s. But Ureek and Latin stand on a Jifferent footing from err: languages. Most cullivated men havea certain knowlulge ot several modern languages, which they find very wacful fn a literary fense, cven §f they are not able to ®o through the paradlgm of the verb successfully, and wouid utterly break own in the composttion of a single’ sentance. But it is much less cany b0 penctrato into the rubtleties of lnllr‘uu dictton without the closs prammaticsl study which reproduction postu- lates, and whille life may be too short and teo crowded for the manufacture of Latin and (ireck verso where thiere is no Inner Yocatlon, We must erase from our banuer the {conoclasite motto, * No More Greek Exercises.’ ! ‘I he reform that is nceded, Prof. Gildersleeys believes, Is a rediatribution of the work of the teachers, 80 that these exercises shonld bs taught in tho preparatoryor, at lenst, the lower college course. In the Iater vears of eollege- itle, or the first vear of university-life, the sclentific method of instruction shoulil be Intro- duced. **The swudent shouid be taken into the workshop of the Protessor, should see him at work, souid huvo the touls put into hands, and shuuld be taught to use them." * In brief, what we want is & more thierough convie- tlon oy the part of our teachcrs of Greek and Latin, better driil and less sclence tn the cle- mentary classes, a wider range of reading for literary purposes, a scparation of unlversity work and college work in the last vearsof student life. and a resolute purpose to make sn lanorahle position for the Amerian people In this department of thought and calturg as in others,” The above abstract of Prof. Giidersleave's artlelo gives, we bilieve, & fair ides of the drift of hisargument. He fails to reaiize or compre- hend the frritation felt among the graduates of American colleges towards the classics nnd Lho wlvocates of classical learning. This fr- ritatlon is due, first, to the consclousness that classleal educatlon, an carried on in this country, is @ abam. It Is not educatfon at all. The classica are not taught. _Btudeuts do not obtatn an inszht snto then. They do not become ace quainted with the anclent mythology, or anclent art or bistory. They Icarn comparatively nothine of ancient ethics or politics, and all the learning of the anclent philosupherals mada for them moro dificult to understand by the intervention of & dead language. Ninety-nine eraduates out of 100 do not obtain & knowledgs of Latin or Greek that will enable them to read cither of those languaves at sight. Thoy seldom rend ooc work, even the simplest, through iIn the orieinal. Ther get only & Amattering of the language, and fill their heats with useless grammatical forms that occupr precious room and exclude valu~ able knowledze. ‘This brings us to the second ground of complalnt agalnst the classics, name- Iy, that they prevent the fall Instruction of cullera men” In sclence, history, art, and other branches of learning. The .practical value of thee latter studles is preater than that of tho classics, This 15 admitted when it is argued ihat the classics discipling the mind, and en- able it to graspthe facts of higher cducation, There is & Tecling abroad that in this aze and country, where the education of yonung men Is " ond nulfls of various makes nf guns, boats, pat- ent traps, ou toves, The author [s & man 0: soine experience, and should have written fomething of more value than tids valume proves to be. (New York: Albert Cogawell, Chicago: Jansen, McClurg & Co.) TITERARY NOTES, A new volume ol poems may be expected from dobn G. Whittier in the fai), Soutlicy's “Life of Neleon " {a soon to be published 28 an ** English School Classte." Thirty thousand dollars’ worth of books wera added to Princeton Colleze Library auring the lant yeas The articio on Mr. Darwin, in the serfes of vortraits and sketches aprearing in the Dubiin Un'ersity Magazine, will o written, it {8 sald, by Lady Lubbock, and will sppearfn the Au- gunat number, Mr. Joaquin Miller fs golog to publish in London, next Beptember, a new volums of pocms, to be called *Hones of Far-Away Lands.” Tha volume wilt be ane of some mag. n:tude, and {8 dedicated to Lord foughton. The very clever * Advertiement for a New Religion '™ in tho Jast number of the yorth gimerican Jteriew was written by Dr. McCosh, President of Princeton Collere, The Sntire may have been too deep for some of his readers, The onerous exaction of five coplen of every book published in Great Britain mpun presented to certatn Hibraries, three of which are mere - sermity librarics, Is proposed o bie repeated, re. actrvinz only the deposit of one copy at the Britsh Museutn. Out of ten artlcles In the J'rinceton Review for Auly, scven sre from thie pens of foreiem w riters, Aniong them is Prof, Lionel &, Beale, of King's Lotlege, Landon, whose vapsr on The 3 terindst Revival ' fs Lia first contribution to Amcriean periudical literature, A correspondent of the Pall Mal Gazelte writes from Parfa: W1 wan thlking to M, Alex- andre Dumas the other da o this' question of Mterary conyright, and he told ine rather aole- fully that L computed his losses in the United Blutea at 50,0001, (£36,000) upou “La Dume aux Cainclins " aione. = There nre, nerhaps, some persons on this side of 'the water who will 8y npathize with the Sat- wrday lievew's denunciation of *the neatiate Americsu love of murals,” Certain it is that poetry mlzht frequently get alanw with & amall- er Infusion of the didactic element than Amer- ican poets seem to think Ia natural and reht, The sale of the Didot Library In Paris, in June. proved to what length bibliomanfacs will #o0 fur the possession of rare volumes, The M8, Chronomliques de Nornandle, with fifteen col ored plates, brouzht 51,000 francs, Among vriuted bouks, the Baron 'Jamea de Rotlsehild bought “Lestélf du In Fortune" for 21,500 franca, and “Oiivier de Castilla™ for 20,000 fraoes, both printed prior to 150, The author of ** Ero: '&uul issued by Q. W. Carleton & Cu., tnokes a drotl oroposition, He offces 820 {u goll to the firat person who will puint out {n existing literature a device sub- stantially similar to that on which the denoue- ment of “Eros™ depends. He declares thut the nearcat aporoach to it yet detected s the method of the Duchess' “vengeance on Ad- han the first half. There in too & aprea selelsm in the statement that *The anthor- :les of Paraguar finally auailcd before the Anierfean flag,’ and the des ription of Inod's army ar Franklin as “lesions ™ s misleading nd Lombastic, Ji 18 not In good taste Lo say that the Unlon Iron-lads battered the Tennes. sce with '*fifteen-inch tolta of fron ' unth_xhe urrendered. The book has several excellent ulored ylates, which serve thelr pnrpose well, Cindnnati, Philadelphia, and Chicayo: Jon, idrotuers, Chicago: Jansen, M. Clurg & Co.) WILLARD'S SYNOPSIS OF HISTORY, A pood book 18 a public blersing, It Is & con- trititlon to the moral wealth of the world, It 8 8 it to civilizatlon, J¢ In imperishable. It 's the “only thing that lasts forever,’” This Is At arre of many hooks, but not of many gdod hooks, In the fleld of educatlonal lteraturo at least. A goua book requires ability, tiwe, palnstaking, and a worthy purpose. “The 8ynopsis of History," by Prof. Samuel Willard, Is such & book. It fa the product of vears of reading, thinking, planning, and practl- cal experience in the class-room. Modest In ttle, small fu sizo (110 pp.), It is packed with valunble matter from cover to cover. Onc hav- 'n any acqualntance with the rubject of which it treats 1s amaz8d at thought of the lator that must have preceded the rich condeneations of thislittle work, ‘The ulan is simple, the srranzement ndmira- ble, the development sequentin) anc nrogressive, the symboln it and readily understood, It may not " seem un(lrulfi plain ot first, for it 18 a book to be studied, not ‘merc. ly ekimmed. But let ‘any onc of ordinars intelligence carefully read the anthor’s explanations of the dfazranis, and then atuly any one of them attentively for an hour, and e will not only have & clear understanding of the whole plan of the book, but be captivated by 1ts beautiful simpllcity. Nearly twenty-seven centurles are represents €d—800 B. C.to1870 A. D. Each century {s #ct off, by heasy vestical ines, Into double-de- cader, aud each of theso in’ subdivided, by famter lines, fnto five minor periods of four Sears cach, The advani of his arrange- ment are nbvlous: A glance down the spaco betwuen any two of these vestieal Jines shows at once the contemporary events of the perfod embraced b them: thus giving the woof as well as tho warn of that Jrticuias bistorlo web. The oye Is made to fix and decgen the lmn- presefon, and aid the memory. The facts of history are seen in their re ations and aroup.nas, aud not in mero Isolation. Aud, arain, the century-dlagrams are o entircly simple that they may be readily transferred In biank to th binckboard, * and fiiled in at will by the " pupfl " “The two sets of vertical lines, heavy and fMnt, exactly torrespond to contour-maps {n geography, ren- derne it an cnsy and dellght(ut exereisa for the student tuvoliats and locate the favts and events of the centurs or part of s century which he is studying. Al teachers of blnlorJ must grate- Inlly aoprectats this admirable device, With this'monual in his band, he who cannot make the study of histors profitable and attractive to Iiis puila, may well question wiether Lo should try to teach at all ‘Tha gencatogicnd tablea are of rare value, There are larga libraries which the student of Haug’s Explanation of “The Religion of the Parsis.” The Languages and Teach- ingd of the Zcnd- Avesta. Origin end Development of the Zoroastrian Doc- trines. A New School History of the Unitod Statese--Recent Novels. Classics and Colleges--Civilization and Sclenco--Notes of Va- rious Kinds. e, Prof. Barff’s Process of Preventing the Corrosion of Irom, LITERATURE. TLIGION OF TIIE PARSIS. Tho’(tr’::flnllon of the Zend-Avesta, or sacred scriptures of the Parsis, I8 o remarkable prod- et of modern scholarship. One hundred and twenty-flve years szo 1t was & scaled book. The two languages n which it wasweltten were ox- tinet, No grammar or vocabulary of them ex- Isted. Tmportant Iyrical parts, corresponding I some respects with the Greek choruses, had been unintelllrible to thoe Parsi pricsts them- selves for 2,000 years. The Avesta languago could not ba learned llke Sanskrit, Arable, Perstan, Hebrew, Chaldes, 8yriac, /Ethiople, Turkish, and Chinese (all which languages are taught atthe German Uulyérsitius, but of courss not always at tho same place); the Aveata lan- zuage, before it _could be learned, had first to be discovercd. The methods adonted by Haug, tho lalest and most successful Investigator fo this fleld, will give some {dea of the prodigious iahor performed by tho trans- lator. He collected all the parallel assages throughout the Zend-Avesta, and arranged them aiphabetically. Being convinced that the lauguage of the Vedas stands nearcst of all Argan afalects to tho Avesta language, he be- took himsclf to the study of the sacred writings ¢ Vi - Insanc Gnosticiso, and Aristotelion tendencies | 0 desultory and so lablo to Interruotion, the - { Magt seom sUil to have clung to tho pronhet's | cach paya lis adiresscs 1o thie wrone lady, and | d:hastic istory may soaren 1o e dent ot [ iietbod of e Duc Scribe’s tamous pley of Aiolaatrelsm. humnnizy | tmore useful studles should be placed firat In :; mg:,’;:‘h?::;,::rfi;i&'r:af"n,:flzd:fi:m- dociriue of the unity of tbe Supreme Belvi, | thero is & jumble of uncertainty and cross- | furmntion which these tables contain, and that, [ that oame. I barrenpctioluaticlem, | Inssinucls as humnlty order; sod those noble endowment funds like recovered from this madness through the study ot the ancients revived by Petrarch and Boceace vlo, the fifth stage of developwent Is called TAe Stage of Humanim: ‘Thin resurrection of the haman mind, with ts natural consequences,—the refarmation of the Church, and the new birth of philosophy snd the other aciences of mind, —has oftentimes been de- scribed ot lenath, For the momentaryascendency of natural eclence under the infinence of 1nJam, on alvo for its devel. ooment in the Christian West'so soon os the ban nf the achalastic pilosophy had been broken, a pro- fouud reason can with some nrovability be asazn- ed. This reaaon |s uliimately based on an ethno- #ycholozieal pecullarity of “tho Eemitle race. ’f‘hll race, not only directly, through the labors of its Aratle ranch, bad & part In tie creation of modern _ asclence, but indirectly, = too, the Remfien = were founders of modern aclence, awinz tu the fact tat with them originated the monothefete reiiz. fane. Modern matural science, paradoxical as ine atatement 1a, owes Its_uncin tu Christianlty. ‘The ltea of & wuo sullers 1o other gods bertde Blm. who uppears not & human nvention in. ed but an the highest, the e _centire of all tnan's moral sspirations, aud who with unerring omnise clence notes every tranegression—itte ldes of God, entertatued for hundreds of years hy genera- tiun after generatlon of wen, accustoned the mind of man, even in scientific matters, to the thouzlt that throughout the universe tne cause of things 1 nd inspired him with the wish to Know and the Ysrais ot the present day bLelleve ft almost without exception. Spitarna Zarathushe tra also taucht “the existence of f*iwo intellects,”—%the original intellect,” or intuition, and “the wisdom hcard by the car," or experimental knowledge. He bolieved in two lives,—the bodily sud inental.—and {n two other states of Letng—tho first and the last, or nt ond futuro. ~* Heaven" and the " Resurrcction " are distinet parts of Zarathushtra's theology, In many re- spectat resombles the Christian scheme, ‘e have not apaco to dwell on the effects of the Molammedan religfon on Zoruastrinnlsm, or the migrationof the I'arsls to Western India but cnough will have been done il we have ?"m an tdes, even though an imperfect one, of the contents of Dr, Houc's cssay, Few crsons who afe jnterested In the origin of ro- nmona wiil read this book without profit and pleature, and none can examine It without feel. in the heartfest admiration for the skill and Industry of the suthor. (Boston: Houghton, 8w)ood & Co. Chleago: Janson, McClurg & 0. too, In & form so slmple that a child may under- stand and grasp It, There are twenty-elzht pagrs of index, whereby any name or fact n the booic may Le quickly found. This is s most useful featura of the book, T veat of this Httle worl s opportune. L when there 16 & greatly fncreased pub- lie intereat In the study of history to welcome il It solves what has been a hard problem to thousands of teachers,—how to handle thls frm- portant branch of study Intelligently, attra frely, and auccessfully, Bpeaking both from exnerience and abservation, I believe that The . &ynopls of History " will prove Just the suxil- lary that was nceded—just tne “fncentive that was lacking—to encourage and stimulate the teaclicra of the country to renewed cfforts in behalf of the very Jmportant but much neglects ed atudy of Hlstory, NEWToN BatEMaN, vurposes. The misunderstanding 18 amusing at rst, but it In carried too far; and one can- ot kelp inquiring at last whcther this Is pre- :-m:ly the type of humor most relishied 1n Bos- on, **A 8trugele,” by Barnot Phlllips, treats of ono of the inuny episades of the Franco-Prussian war. 1t 18 tho stors of a hapuy love, Which, but for that war, had nover heen,—a love born of tha sympathy which enmmon peril and common eufferlnz create. Tho hcro s an American forcnan in saine extensive irou-works tn that dabatable land—the Alsatinn frontlers the hero- Ine fi" the rood orthmlox siyle) i the danzhter of hisemploser. The wor mnkes possibc nn Intmaey which otherwise could never have ex- Isted, and overthrows maoy of those * con- yenatces” with which a French girl's lfe is so hedred nbout. It gives to the man an o) por- tumity 1o ddisplaya truly American lrruI'Ly of {uvention, great “adminatrativo facuities com- Mocd with rare tact and tenderness, snd to her it glvea the frecdom to know and love him,—lio haviug taken the freedom tolove her even he- fore the war. It Is diflicult to believe the author of * A Strugele §s not a native of Alsace, 8o tuoroughly docs he scem imbued With thie spirit of thio province, bitter resentment of thu wrong (Germany hus dobe to this con- quered country, warm devotlon to France, and the confidence that some happy future will re- unite it to the land it loves. (New York: D, epglelon & Co. Chicugo: Japscu, McClurg 0. “Tre Joint Venture: A Tale In Two Lande," Catlolic story, " dedicated to the sons aid. daughters of Ircland and thelr Americon coustus,’? and published by Jamcs Sheehy, of 83 Burclay strest, Now York. 1t is harily woer essary to say that tho HBicsscd Viegin fizurcs pretty extensively in the atory. The herome I an Irlsh girl, learned, as most Irfsh virls oy 'y sud crammed with powerful arguminents in favorof the falth. She has:no difllculty {n vanquishing all the opponents sue meces, and couverts right aml lelt with a readiness that suggests lier true vocatlon to bo that of u mis- sfounry, which, unfortunately, owing to tho iron Tulo of the Church, sao {s not pormitted to take up. **Charms: A Batirica]l Bketch," by ilownrd Macsherry, Is_nublished by Charles 8, Clurke, J{.. Jersoy City. At s not remarkuble loye atory. theusand very suclent hywmnns, Ile mado an Alphabetical index to_some portions of this cxtenslve collection, Not content with these alls, ho commenced the study af Armeninn, and also that of Bublavl, the ancient Perelam, in which a larza part of the Zond-Avests ¥s written. YAfter * theso preparations, the ltlologleal ~ opcrations were commenced R1 tho following manner: Firat, alt theother passnges were cxamined whers the word or form oveurred, in order to sacertatn its approximate mennlug. But the paralleis ro- ferred to belng often as obscure as the passaze upon which they had to throw light, It was fre- quently pecessary firat to make out thelr mean- fng also by a reference to other parallels, The approximate meaning of the word being thus ived at, In most cases after much troublo, it confirmed by mcans of a sound etymology; tlrst applying to'those words and forms of the Avestn language ftsoif which there waa reason to supposs to ba cognate to the word in ques- tion, and then consuliing the Vedus, especlally tho hymns of tho Rigveds. There buing ncither indox nor 'flaunrv to thess bymns, the same trouble had to be taken with them as with the Zend-Avesta, in order to ascertain from paraliels the meaning of the Vedic word referred to, When uo ratisfactory result wos obtained by theso meaus, further scarch was mnde in modern_Perslan and Armenlan, and now and then (o Latin and Greek also, Modern Terslan, especially in its_oldor form, commonly called Paral, was of tho highcst valus for such etymological rescarchies.” Dr. llaug resided scveral years in Western Indla, where he studied Eanekrit and Tablavi, and made the acqualnt- anve of many learned Parsls and Brahmaus, who assfsted him iu his work. Tho reault of his labora was & number of learned elu?'l, pub- lishea at various times from 1853 to 1§74, fle Intended, after Lis return from Indis, 10 expand them fnto a comproheusive work on the Zoroas- trian religlon; but this deaign, postpon- ed from thne to tune, Aoally frustrated by his untimely death, The cssays have sluce been collected by an Encliah friend, and, after s carcful revision, rolssued in 3 form. They are published snd ofered for sale in this couutry by Houchton, Oagouil & Co., of Boston, under the title of **Haug's Religion of tho Porals.’ The two languagzes of the Parsi Scriptures are atyled by Haugr tho Ayesta, which 1s akin to the Eanskrit; aud the Pablavy, which is anclent Per- sian, or Parthian, ‘Tne inain work is wrltten in the Avesta language, but & running commen- tary translation and gloss upon it, often inter- woven with it (n almost inextricable conlusion, I8 wiitten in Paluavl, ‘Lhe titls Zeud-Ave without doubt an_fuversion of the proper order of words, ‘The Avesta fs the orlzinal text of the sacred books, and tha Zend fs g translation fommentary or gloss written fu Psh- lavi. It “fs a “truo that there was a tommentary praviously written In the vriginal Avesta langusse, and (i many places jn- corporated in ft3 ‘but this old Zend hos been Renerally ropluced by the Pahlavi transition, amd the word belongs to the latter ns the more Important and distincy of the two. The Parst Berivtures are composed of (1) the Ven- didad, ur code of tho religions, civil and criminul laws of tho anclent Iraniane; () the Vispanad, & coliection of prayers referring to the prepara- ttou of the sacred water and the consecration of certuln offerings; (4) Yashts, or pravers de- ¥uted to the pralse aud worship of sogels; and Yasua, or prayers referring to sacrificial The Vation savs: * Charles Scribner's Sons will fssue, oy tho middle of this maonth, & Hovel, * The Cossacks.’ by Count Lvo Tolstoy, ‘Tnis work, which Turgenefl has pronounced on the whole the Lest Russlan work ever written, has been translated at Turgenetf's Jnstance by Mr. Eugene Schuyler. For some varticulars about Count Tolstoy oue may consult the artl. cle * Russian Contcmporary Thought® 1n the Conlemporary Meview for June. Another trans. latlon which doserves to be welcomed I8 that of Paul Laconbe’s *8hurt. History of the French People,’ n the press of 1. A. Youug & Co,, Boston," Mrs. Annic Tesant, the Englishwoman whose daugliter has been taken from hier on the gronnd that slic was unfit to have the trafulug of a chuld, bas written g bitter letter on tne subject tu the Avo utlon, ' It will not be denteid by those who readdnis letter that Mrs, Besant bos some command of language. In concluding she sayn: !+ Of one thinz Sir teorge Jessel apd bis Chils- tian friends may ba ure, that nelther prosecu- tion nor penalty whil prevent me from teuching both Athelsm” and Malthusianism to all who witl lsten ta inc, and, stnce Christianity is atill 80 bizated as to take the cnfld from the motoer because of u diference of croed, I will straln every nerve to convert the men sud women eround me, and more especially the young, to erced more worthy of humanity,” v The cighth volumo of the *Encvelopmdia Britannlea™ Is now nearly ready, Contatniog the bulk of the letter E, and niaking a cot- mencement of F, it gives the greatest spaco to a gertes of urti-les on subjects conticeted with En- ehind, The history of the conntev is written by ir, Frecuinu, the loter portion by Mr.'8. R, Gardiner; n deacriptive and statlstionl notice s furuisbed by Mr. Freaeriek Marting Mr. Thomas Aruold writes on Evelish lierature, and Dr, J, A. 1. Murray on tho language; Mr, Perry on thie Church of England,.and Mr. Biuot on the Enclish Bible, The inlporiant subject of ethics 1s discussed ut couslderavle leovth by a singu- {urly compelent writer, Mr, H. Bidowlek, wiile evolution ts treated in'lts blotoglcal uspects by E"xll" Huxley, and 1o its philosophical by Mr. ully. The first ** Midsummer Hollday Number' of Berluner's (for Auzust, 1576) contatned Beyam's poem, * The Flood of Years.” Many months 820 the conductors of the magaziuo beran 1o prepure an illustrated srticte on the homes and bounts of the poet, to appear. not ns an obituary, but durtng his life; namely, in the midsumimer number for 1878, Atier (e letter- press (by the Rev, Horntlo N, Powers) had been put Into tyve for that number, Mr, Bryaat's nu- exnccted deoth occurred, A crayon portrait bad peen obtained trom 1ife durmg the preced- Ing winter. to serve 98 u frontisplece of the August number, and to necompany Mr, Powers' lrtfi‘le. ‘This Rnrxnm, for which Mr, Breant guve the artiat, Mr. Weatt, renented sittings, has been encraved by Mr. T, Cule, and will, 14 thougnt, be pronoufnced also one of the nost characterntic and {n cvery way satisfactory, A New Pliutarch ™ I8 projected in Londan. The leadine feature of thu scries Is that ench biography will be that of a man of action, nhin- sell remarkuble and intereating, whose carecr covers und ilustrates some fmportant polot or enlsade In history. ‘Ihie votumes as at present srranved are: * Victor Emmanuet,” by Edward }‘llcc 3 *Judns Maccabeus,” by Lient. C. I andlet tbose of Harvard, Yale,and Johas Hopkins Cuiversity shiould no louger be devoted malnly to propamtiug iguorance of the dead lunguages. YALE IN CIICAGO. From s letter printed in the New York Post on the Yale cxamination fn Chicago, avidently from the pen of Prof. Franklin Carter, the fal- lowing extract Is made: s This 1n the thinl year that the _Yale entrance ex- aminations have baen held in Chicago. The num- oerappiving for the two departments ia this yoar hut twenty.ons, agamst thirty.-one last year. Tlers were only fiftcen epolicants two years ago, and of those applyiug iast year a Jarzo share wors not well prepared. “On tho whole, the number this year probauly represents a ‘more correct average than that of either of the two orevions yoars, —inore correct thau_ the namber tne fret year, beeause the exsmination was then wholly an experiment, and had beon scantily advertised; suore correct than the namber jast yor, becausa tiiera some eviden'ly who weut into the ex- swination relying s little on Wentarn dash and Inck, and had nut much else to rely upon, The exumination in Cincinnatl has alao drawn uif some candivates from Chicago. The bays this year arn evidently better trained, and #sitle down o their wotk with & muie uniform carnestnews, Tacrs aro among them soma distingished names. Tha late Senator Morton and ex-Senator Trumbuil have exchen sou npor the hat ie_examination 18 a conMin ministure of the Iarcer vzamiuation at New Haven. “There Is, I Judge, the samo trapida- tion fn the boya' hearts, an:d the same trambling of the hand. Itis, however, little eanlor, one cannot Belp thinkine, o alt bore and write as one of twentv than to he reduced to th one-handrea-and« Bif«th or even the twc-lundrel‘h part of an_cx- $ioination In tho atemal Alumal Lail st New aven. LIGHT AND COLOR. ' The Princivles of Light and Color: In. cluding, Among Other Things, the Harmooie Laws of the Universe, the Etherlo-Atomic Philosophy of Force, Chromo-Chemistry, Ciro- no-Therapeutics, and tho General P'hilosopliy ot the Fine Forces, Together with Numerous Dis- coverles and Practical Anplications,' fs the full titte of a buok written by Mr, Edwin D, Babbitt, and published by Babbitt & Ca., No, 141 Eighth street,'New York, It clafims to bave reached tho laws of atomic aud chemical action, sud through them to bave establishod tho basic priveiples ot electrielty, heat, cold, magnetism, Heht, color, and othor forces, While Gen, TPleasonton makes blus his leading color, and Dr. Pancosst blua and red, Dr. Babbitt gives an immense arrav of facts from sclentific authorl- ties, and from_his own experfmonts, as woll ns from cases of actial cure, to shuw that alle colors huve their exact chemical and therapeu- tienl power, The demonstration of chem. feal afiinity and ckemlcal repulsion, and fhio great number of cures wrought by light and color where othier methods hiave failed, are certainly remarkable features of tue work. ‘Iheseftems are eleaned from all rources, ncluding several quotations from Tus Cuicaao Trinexz, irom Egstern and Europran, and even Aslatle, authorities, a8 well as trom numerous sclentitle works, whilo the whole Is crvetallized into o defluite svstom so that cach fact ehall teach its awn vroper lesson, New and more beautiful octaves of color above the visi- blo spectrum are demonstrated by spectrutn onalysis and otherwlse, This higher world of hutes and tnts Is shown to have been hinted at snl more or less beheved in by Sir Johu hel, Btokes, Hunt, Tyndall, Re'chenbach, whiln the author clalms that he and many others are able at times to seo them, and de- duees marvelous ot ferrestrial, mental, aud physiolorical actm from theni. The work 18 furnished postpat the Jmhhuhen at §4, The book ta hundsumely bound, sud {liustrated by 204 plato engruvicye, desides four colored plates, RIGIITR OF MARRIED WOMEN. A new publication of interest to lawyers and law-students is “* A Treatise on the Separate Proporty of Married Women under the Hecent Enabling Statutes.” The author is J. C. Wolls, well keown {n connection with other legal text- RECENT NOVFELS. * His Inheritance," by Misa Trafton, lan story of garrison life at Fort Atchtson, The herolne Ia the daurhter of tho sutler at the post. As a child, sho nttracts the notice of some of tho ofticera’ wives, rnd by thelr advice is sent to ba educatod at tho Enst. At the ago of 17 sho re- turns with her father across the plaius, When within twenty milcs of the fort, an attack unon the varty by the Indlans Is feared, Stubbs, the sutler, sonds his daughter, disgulsed in boy'e clothing, with an officer aud scout, who ride at nizht to give wariing at the post of the danger Khich threatens the advancing wagon-train, The fatber's lifo Is lost; but the danghter is ro storcd to her mother, who henceforth cherishes ambition to advance her duugliter's clal position. and to see her upon an cnal ity with the ladica of the garrison, But thir fanot to be. Tho girl's dellcate beauty excites much admiration amoug the oflicers, but the ladles will not recolve her. When they learn that Capt. Elyot, the companlon of her nfd. nleht ride, {s a constant visitor at the suticr's varlor, and the only onuof all thatdenlra to gain adinittance who Is tot refused, their dieay proval 1s turned into virtuous ind;; nation, ond Blos- soin la treated by them with pointed disdaly, ‘The Major’s duughier hus particular ro ons lor bitterness of suirit over this discovery; tho hiandeome aod well-born Captaln, helr to s larze property, hos been a worshiper at ber own slirig d his vrefercuce of this pink aud white prettiness to Ler own stately attractions 18 not colinly to be borne. The neglect wid allzht foreet upon the wivl rouso the chivalry of Capt. Elyot lu her behalt, Iio stands batk to let lis particulor tricad, Lleut, Orme, try his chunves to win ber fa and s surprised to fiud how oreat ia his relict ot tne voung fellow's fatlure, © degoucment 18 hasten. od Ly somo vossip roaching Mrs, Stubbs About the Captuln's attentions to her aaughter being mado tho sublect of liwht reniark, The explunation results in the marrlage of Biossom aud the Captatu, and the stern woman, whose 1ife hina been one of tolllug and scheming, fecls that her cup of happincss is fall and ber darl- Ing’s faturc assured, But she has not yet tasted ber full measure of bitterness, The women at the tort coutluue to Zunore ber dau hier, and CLASSICS AND COLLEGES, B. L. (iiltersleeve, Professor of Greck In the Jolins Hopkins University, has an articledn the last vumber of the 2’ neeton Rev ew on the sub- Ject of * Classics and Colleges.” It is, aa might be oxpected, & plea for the retention of thy classics. It advances in thelr favor all the fa- miliar arguments. ‘The disclplinary value of the studies in quesiion, sod thelr bumanizine influ- eoce, It we may call it so, aro dwelt upon and expanded. But we are unable to eee, aiter 4 ciose and conselentiousreating of the article, that the Professur uus at all dune fustice to the dls. cassion of tie relativelmuortance of these stud- fes. He bas shown that th knowledze derived frum Lue anclents 1s frequently useful; that the tirecks had & bigh type of civilizat-on; that Quintilian ** never fatis to surprise the few who sead mure than the famous tirse chapter of thy teath book ™3 and that “mutire men have beon astumished und Cuclnated by tho ootitlcal lnstzlit of Thucydides.” But he has nnt praven, or at- tewnted to prove, that all the benelts conferrud by a aequaintance with clusical literature tuy Dot be obtained tarouch travslnvions; or that nu otber stuiiles are it to give the descriptiun Wwhich they beatow unon viw stident, o savs, 1t is true, that tae object of his paper Is not » to W the Imvortance’ of the classlcs in any sys. 1" of higher education, but **to ask at onve t cun be dous for the advanced study of the classiva In our higker justitutions of learafup,” AL the same tinie, be devotes su large u part of his 4 to & discusaion of the question which assuines at the start to ba settled, thut bls tallure to advance better nrgue tacuta In supuort of 1t may justly be attributed to his wunt of command of them. For, If he bad no better ressvus to advance, he would, it stems probable, advance them In place of thoss be Lus wied, He says truly that wo cannnt get rid of (iraeco nud Rome it wo wonld. **We bulld on s SPARKS OF SCIENCE. THE CORROSION OF IRON. At the couference of architects (o London, June 5, Prot. Barll read a must {nteresting aud valuable paper on the corrusiou of iron, and sirzested a mothod of prevonting ft. Corro- sion, or rust, Is the great enemy of from. Oxvgen devours the metal as its natural food; and [t eats with such recutarity sod in such quantltics that philosopters lave even ques- tiuned whether rust was not an animal, If auy meaus could be found to stop this process of decay or consumption, the valuaof fron in the useful arts would be very greatly lacreased. It might bo used {n dwellings, and particularly in roofs, far more thau it s at present. Culmneys, teiegraph-poles, ellewalks, coroices, and many other articles now made of wood, brick, or stone might be constructed of Iron at less expunse, and It fsa queation whetlier fron would not larm‘l{l dlsplace the other oiaterfuls in many Kinds of buslding. Prof, Bari's method oxplained by himselt fa the following words, s reported fn the London AreA tect *‘Thie process does not consist In coatlng tha surface «J’ the irou with any -ryllzd subatance, but tn changing the iron iteelf by the adilition of oxygen Int oxide which Is not aff :cted by atmospheric uilueuces. o . The agent ow- loved {4 superheated or dry steaw. , , . ron decompuses water or steam at a high tem- erature—L ¢., at u red neat, sl the oxyven of ho steaw unltes with tho iron, and sil the hvdrogen s set free. 1f the steam be o the A BCHOOL-HISTORY, The qualities tuat should distingulsl a school- bistory of tho Unlted Btates are Brevity, Im- partlality, and Proportion. Tho first of theso 1s not uncommonly found. When the writer's knawledga 1s small and bis command of lag- Ruaze fimited, it 1s canler to bo briet than not. There ls no more merit {n brevity of thls do- scription chan fo the shortness of a child's cot., position, which fs due to want of lileas, But the right kind of brevity—tho comprohensive brevity—is not 0 often found. 1t demands both the abllity to declle which are the impor- tant featurcs of bistory, and tho lterary skill to describe thom fully In few words. Tinpar. tiality Is even more ditticult tomanage. Per- sous of good intontions cannot always be im- partial. Thoy mav not be sccustomed to wolghlog evidence, or they may never have di- vested themselves of uncousclous prejudlves, 3 *Tho Last Emperor of Constanting- | 4 ed state when the fron is submitted to fltes, and Including the performance of tho | tho Captain is made 1o understand: thete L ap- | It will oot be denled that thero fs an amplo | DoOKS. Tho recent and rapld fanorations made Pleyp iy the Rev, W, J. Brodnb: % Colieny," | Groek ".“”"""'."""‘"";""fi“",’f" o o e I dcuverel shat t e submilted Lo Youter. Tho most suclent Yasuas ore called | proval of his conduct. Nevertheless, e foeety | Fory oF e cxerciss of bartlaan prefuliceatn | in relation to the rights and powers of married VL avalter Besant; “Richelien,t by W, il Pol. [ bichwaye of lws wo fotlow Greck st Roum a does uot sdhere Srmly to the frop, but (f the stewn be superbeated or dry, the oxide does ad- here very clasely to the lron, * Now, imagine the surface of a plece of fron o molst alr to 3¢ thus coated, It will not be dif- fcult to understand that the entlre vxygeu which this frrrous oxide tekes up to becowa ferric oxide Is passed vn to the fron beneath it forming witt it ferrous oxide: and that the frst ferrous oxide formed takvs up inore oxygen and becomes fernie oxide agatu, * This process goos on contiuuously till sl the fron [s 1o thne vou- vorted futo ferric oxlde. The ferrous oxide then acts as & carrler of oxywsu to the fron, causiuz it to be changed thruughout its twass uto vxide, **The apparatus I now employ coustata (frst) of wn ordinary boiler, in which steam 1s geners ated, usually ut & predsure of forty pounds to the fnch. Froms the boiler the steam passes lutu & ticht Iron box, whiers It barts with some of its muoliture, for the steaw 1s suturated; {from this box it passes Into the superbester st its orlqinal pressure, ‘The superleater cousists 8 with Blossom twoor three Lappy ‘months in thew new howe, Then comes sn order for bim to undertake a dangerous expedition tg oug of the Northern forts. ‘The story froni this Eulnt becomes painful, aud the end {s 1mprobable, The last ,url. ue deed, does not bear out the promisc of the be. glnuing,—a fatliug not unusual fu storles pub- ltsoed, us this was origiually, fu scrial forie, The plcture of llte at the posi is singularly wel| drawn, aud full of interest 1o a class of readers unfamiliar with army life, and the few charace ters are clear and true to lifo. The sense of womau's absolutism in soclal matters is brought before one with new and not sgrecabla distiuct- ness. Mre. Blubba is perbaps the wost stropg- ly-drawu character fn the book. Her will has never been crossed, until Blossom's return; and when sho flnds that her wealth and the Cap- tain's rauk fufl to bring about the fultilim=at of her dearest wishes, her harsh uature nearly breaks down under the hutuilistion aud disap- vointment, When sha learns that Capt, Elyou's uncle refuses to foriive his nephew ;. they are metrical com itious, contalnlog short prayers, songs, and hvm n which generaily expreas philosophical and ab- stract thoughts about metapnysical subjects, There ars alo the Yasun apraulaite, of prayeis in prose, offured (o the Supreme Helng, the eartl, tho fire, and the waters, and the luter Yaaua, written 1n ths common Avesta language, which con: .Of fragmenta of other buoks or short fundependcos witin [Jnreo of Dr. Hauo's caeayaare devoted to a gcritlcal examination of the Parsi Seriptures, ‘The fourth essay, which will prove the moat in- teresting to the goncral reader, treats of * The Zoroastrian Keliufon, s to Its Origin and Dovel. opment.” Dr. Haug shows that tho Zoroastrian religion I8 av oftshoot of the Braunmunical, Iy strikivg proof of an origle ually-closn councetion ‘between these great sellzlons s the use of the words for good and vl snlrits, sizntfication ot theso words Is exactly transposed fn the two religions, Leva Is {n all the Vedas, sod in the whole Brahman. fcal literuture the nawe of the diyjue belugs, oatterns of pulitfeal and social life,” "4 Nor van wo uet riid of the snclcnts by the cheap asatmp- tlon that we bave worhing to learn from them." In physleat scivuce, us fo muste, ax i patntiog, tao moderns way be supposed to bavo every- thing their uwn way. Aod yet the anclents pro- puundea all the uithngte questiova i lan- guago,—questions which we are erappliog with to-day, (b etbles and politics we have had, It fa truv, the expericnce of centurivs} but man in bls esscnce has not changed, sud |u the d politival oherrvations of those who L were, nearcr the nakedness of tho thelr art was mors famitar with the nnkeduess of the body, there 1s u keeoness of tusight, o sawoity of counsel, from which we can atlil learn. **It ey wot be safe.” Prof, Ailderslecve coes on to say, * to Insist on the vulue of the ancients as types of Hierary excel- lence, or to enlare on the powerful influence of their perfect and finlalied diction Mark Pat*ison. tu hie clover Critics, ™ in iha Fortn'ghtiy oor, 1677, e Writing tho history of the United Stawes, Tho diftercucus which gave rise to tho two partles butore thoy were embroiled in tho slavery uestion, und which coutrol them uow, sincy tho alavery question bss beew decide l, dato from the :iunmm iu the Admiuistration of President Washington, On the one sico iy the party which trusta the Intuitions ot the Demos, Or mob; on the other side, s the secrctly aristocratlc party, which belleves that goon Kovernmeut cau ‘be accomplistied only by thwarting the will of the peapla by superlor s mavagement.” We do not mean o SAY that these partics aro divided substantisll on the ltue between Democrats and Republicans, bug that they tuclude the cormmunity by a radical and permanent divislon of thought and feeling, 1L is dillicult to wnts even s school-hator without betog swayed by them, The lust qualf~ ty—ol Proportiou—is tho most Important of all, ‘The decision as between tue perfods of Colonie zation, Contedoration, and Nutlouality; the ar- rungement of purts; tbe sllowances for per- ock; ** Abrabiam Lincoln,' by Charles Letond; © Richard Whittlueton," bi'.hmcl Rive; * Han. nlial,” by Samuel Lee: * Harold Falehair,” by Eilk Mugnussoni +Charlemazne.” by Prof, Beestev; und * Laroun al Rasehid,” by Prof, E. H. Palmer. ‘The editors of tho serics are the Ber. W, J. Broidribh and Wulter Besunt, Tue Imblh'lltlun whl begty fu October, und be con- {nued at regulur interval, ART NOTES. Baudry, the decorator of the Grand Opera- House, hias aesigued the Exhibitiou diploma, Mr. Frederick Wedmore, ths art-critic of the Academy, contributes o paper to the June Temp'e Zar on ** Bowe Teudencies fo Llecent Fainting. Fortuny s ropreseuted in tho art displsy at the Parls Exhlbition by twenty-niue warks, some of great importance. Among thesa are his *Academy of 8t, Luke,” Court of Justico In the Alhambra," * Poet's Garden,” * Serpgnt- women in nearly all the States have mado It necessary to have added another text-hook to the large uumber that already 01l a lowyer's shelves. Twenty-five years ogo a lawyer would have been shoiRed at the thouiht that all the common law which for centuries hus heen wceumulating on the subject of mar- ried women's righits—or wronis as some will say—was 1o bo so suddeniy and wompletely awept away by statutory enactinouts, Thero is pre huhl{ 0o’ brauch of the Jaw fn which the nt changes have been so radical, In suen 8 case, tho present work wil) bo very welcome, It docs not prufess to be’ phitusudhical uor speculutive, b1t rather closcly practical and ex- baustive of the subject. Tu the first part of the work tho author eives abstracts of the at L all the States of the Unfon on the 0d fu the secoud be treats of the dir- betweeu the statutes of the various , anulyzes the numerous declstons, and 8 the dntt of both the Leglslstures and Courts on the subject. ‘The author (s evideutly g *Books and for Noveuw- o I the paradosts of Sty of e : y Crary hist i u cke of pipe pluced in & furoace bar- Pt il are s oblecte uf worsbip ou ' the | for bis li-advised marriae, tha. toohers heure | abiiey of HCrS Aud Generaily smosiiob g | Well scquamicd with - the. pullaey o' e Th e kb Swund Slaro- | Boraty Loty that, by this verr country, <. | of e stucls of plpe placed (3 ¢ (uroaco par- part of the flindus tu the present day, [n the turned agsiost the husbaud of ber | should ssy that the proportiou flited for a [ Courts, aud his arranzement of tho chapters fa | ener, and * The Dance of Arabs, Tug tlie ticoek and Latin lenduages, 50 Jitt1o of the | fiteen iches botween thet. Theas stacks oo Zeud-Avesta, trom its earlieat to fta latest text, and even In modern Peralan literature, Deya (Pers. div) is the general name of an ayil spirit, & flend, demop, or devil, who is Iofmical to all that comes trom Giad, or is good. In the cunfesalon of faltb, as refated by the Parsis tg thia day, the Zoroastruun religion s Aistiuctly aid o bo “mzalnst the Devas,” Oa the other baud, the word Asura s used of QGod dwung the Parsls, and of the evil ¢ne 4moug the Hindus. In the Brahwanss, V. facrllicial bouks, belonzing to each of the child. tler * scheming and decelt wro i the end the cause of Dlussom's tragical separation from her husband, aud her death. Although we lay the book down with & oense of disappolutment, we cannot withhold our admlisation from tho author, who has mads ber chiaracters 80 real thal we wust rescot her treatment of them at the last. Nor can we fall to notice Miss Trafton's marked fmuruvement on bLer previous uovel, Katherine Eorle, (Bos- ton: Lee & Bhopard, Chleago: Jansen, Mc- Clurg & Co.) ¢lear and logical. Awa plonecr writer on this branch of the law, ho must expect to see him- scif superseded, bt bls work s of value, and eserves an honorable plave fu Iesll literature, (Cloclnnati: Robert Clarke & Co., METALS AND THEIR APPLIOA- TIONS, ‘This recent Baglish work by Charles Aldor Wright, a sclontist of no little nots, ls & com- pllation of & courss of Jectures dellverkd by bl atyly and beauty uf ti into tneir litoratura’ awony his exsumpl J. G, Brown, of New York, Is fnishiug up *The Dress Varade,” une of the moat lmpor- tant canvases which he s yet Enmml. and Wuich he futenda for the wext exhibition of the Euvglish Ruval Academy. Though Mr. Hrown, whowasa pupilof the Northumberland Academy of Desigu and a studegt of the Roval Scottlsh Academy, recoi bis art-cducation alimost eotircly in Great Britaln, this will be his tirst coutribution to u British exuibition. Alr, Locliver, in ono of hls adwimble papers philloaophical history of a nation Or country is diry n?;;:mu to that whivh should prevall 1u a school-hustory, 1In the forme; curly events are more lwportant, assituated nearer the origiy of a natlon, and ryore likely to affect its future In"the Juttar, recent events, as most dlrect beariug on current affairy, and most Hkely to fofluence the cune duct of futurecitizens, should bo &iven the trat pluce, Redpatb's Bchool-History of the United fmnorial modeis parses and Mr, Spencer eites of fhie dispraportion f resulte sud upplisnces the case of comnentators, of the Cluasice, i, sre solanz 130 moat siveenly writ: ers of English, " and asks whether (! elf-mado Caboett would be guilly uf the awkwi of & uceu's speech, of the plowiasy Burne or Hiu- yan the tiuker blander 1o Lie duevion Liee tby banss wastor of Winchestor o sowe English Hiwhop The ques 1o a question of ratuing alone: and it te not falr out the exceptivual men of xeulus whols supported on dwarf walls of fire-brick, and ure couuc. tod together so that the stegm fraverses the whole leogth of all the pipes, which I8 about thirty-six fect. These plpes are vue sud w baif inch bore, aud are kupt at red beat, or even ui a hivher tewsperature; the st in its passaze throurh them beculnus sunerbieated, sod whenlt fssues from tho eod [t will set fire to wood, The end of the su »uh:'éter pipe s counceted with the back of a chamif@r bullt of Bre-bricks; lunz. two feet olx this chawber is five fo Stutes, 8 new edition of which bas just a . ok i . | ta g inches wide, and one fdot six inches hign, Vedas. wa flod the Desus wiwuys ightlng agalust *Hlcuey Grovilio s tho curlous pscudonym [ ed, tuiBlis well enouzh tue two couiisbms sors | Quricg the past year To author's treatmenl | B0, "Fhyalcal Bcdence for Artlats. Myt ;f{;‘g‘;,&g};!_‘fi,‘;:;.‘;{;‘;-"_'n:‘““,‘;;}.';“;:;;:‘,};'{,‘,“,;‘,f arched at the tov, Beneatis 1t {8 the freplace, :»rwifi?t'flfiu Jhl:&l-!lnr:Joullnul;ulull:!;:c‘:lle‘llmfu ot & Frenchwoman who bas recently risen | mentioued. §t 18 lotelligently brief knd im; of tho subject 1s cssentially popular, witnout | #hioe fu Nature, b R 3 o, avd alwaye cka and up lte sides fluos pass, 80 us to insure ite b«.‘m‘uuul!ufluly beated; 1t fs closed with an frun door, faced with Ure-ttles oue sud one- quarter fuches talck, which a easily ralsed by a balunved weight, When it 13 closed, to work the process the ilre {8 ligbted beneath the cham- ber, oud it {s beated to a temperagure of sbout T dewrees or 500 degrees Fanr. Al thls timo tue supcrbeater ks betug ruised to a prover temperaturc—that s, to & cherry-red heat, aud the steaw s got up to furty pounds in the builer. Thu chawber s then vpeued; the fron articles sru placed in it, and kept there till the temperature risea ugaln Lo from 700 degrecs to 600 d Fabr. ‘Tue door s then luted with Bre-vlay, aud the steam b let fu eeutly, not with umuliant cobtraat with thoso 1o whuin Nature b deuled, not tho ausceptivility of furw, but the power ol claesic reproductiva, Lu anothicr place, speuking of the disciplioary value of clussical studics, Prof. Gildersloove writes: ’ lucvitable, then, aa part and parcel of our owa chviitzation, 'fudishéusablo as vsewplary 1u thso Lioes of achlevewent which sre tuele own, the suclcal claics furuish us, besides all this, with 1t or Lo exercive of tho wental woll 88 tuo Huest theatro for the cul- betic suprecistion. Bul it woald be fuipossible, within the cowpask of 8 skl easa evea Lo ruview Lo urguwents (v fusor of o ciphiuury valus of 1o classice and the clasaic o ndness of sn Amnerican ustrononer 1 can give Some statistivs of considerabls intergst on the belzhts of hills fu the Lulted State deter- wined by pleturcs iu which, by meaus of the moon or otherwlw, the nccessaty data ars pro- vided. The ulctures on which ‘they uro hased Wers exhibited (n 1570 and 1877, Ove mountain L think it wus In Missourd, but its exact name a8 escaped ) reached the respectable eleva: tlon of 106 mil The average helght fn the Y uerally, takive the pictures all arouud, was forty-threo and two-thirds miles. ‘Ibero wus only One artist who Lad wot a bilt futo hls pieture lcss thun thirteen miles bigh, but o only sucveeded i doliig thils ou to calebrlty o Ler own vouutry, aud whosu works are rapidly belng transiated iuto English. Yuree publishers in America bave taken ber up, I, B, Petemon & Bros. bave eiven us o Gabrielle” " Thiy g, p:llnlpll not a falr svecimen of the work of * Henry grcvlllllel."u ;A'hu lwg ll: ll;netelnlduuxd avrlelle young French wife, neglecte aud deserted by her husband. Sbo’ yicids 1o teutptation. - Thougt her busbaad {x a rouc and & despicable charucter, bis conduct e not shouglit to bave brought disgrace upor the family; but Gabrielle's com arstively r:uuccul. laison ls catecmed” an ' fndeliblo. sta o e booor of Ler busband's family, An ttewmpt s tlal. It does wos, Lowever, distribute 1ta s properly, Exactly one-half of the book, which cotw| rlm&flymlmh devoted to the mube- por a division which is al- most fatul “to_ b6 purposes for which it is lutended. For, it bo ouce adwit- ted that the clief purpose fug bistory fn Yoou the sacrifices offered by devotces. To deteat thew, all the eraft and cuuning of the evas were required; sud the ieans of cheoks h’i theu was gonorally found in s new sacrit- cal rite. Thus the Asuras sre sald to have Kiven nise to u good ‘wauy sacriticlal custows, sud L this way they largely contributed toward wakiug the Brahuianical sacritices 80 couplicated ad full of particular tlics aud veretaoules, Lers 18 not unly a great simitarity between, 40d even wentity of, nates ot diviue beinge in oth the Veda' aud the Zend-Avesta. but, secoudly, o close reseinblaney exteuds also to the | da o Dicrule feats relal sacrifiiog clearness and exactuess of detail to the demnands of a popularetyle. We aretreated to s broad view of the varjous wetals und ad- vanco from 8 discussion of crude ores to the rhyllul aud chemical propertics of the metals licniselves. The various processes of retiniug arv treated. The chict Industrial apollcations of the metals wre noted, wud, to add to the efluctiveneas of tho bext, thy book s sbundautly Hlustrated. The reader can burdly fail Lo do- rve somo useful kuowledvo frow its_ pages, London: Maculllan & Co. Chicago: Jausea, cClurg & Co.) that tue part of bistary beari sud vrowtt of the presest Goverument stould recelve the juost stlention, ‘The History Ls, after ull, a Histury of the United States, not of the Thlrteen Colotics. The iujury dout by the lezeng d I Yot etiptures,” But there 18 u strilinz differ- ¢ 2 ies N 2 wud it 1o the optuion of the : D s ey mude to conrict ber privately, but it fadefeated | surcender of xo uiuch sDaco 1o Ustpons Gores A SPORTRMAN'S BOOK, o Juases of untiquinrs oud % 2. tou | the full furve, that i bus ut a pressure'of turty e et e I and Brstnanical | furoigeh the uife.on of Liee Gwn childreu, whe | 15 seet b tha Jatver parp ot oo voluie, whers | “How to lunt aud Trap," 1s the fitle of s FAMILIAR (ALK, et Tl e esccelt uade. fLanytiis, qug| Ll B o At & had 80 predie at turly v, UL Luese uds. ‘I'he Brau- teatlly falacly on bor bewall. Rewmuree ually Jeads ber to wuke u coufession. iler lover, who is draw in attractive colors, fics 0 Awerica aud dics o tbe kevolutiovary War, She drugs out 4 life of pevunio wod self-sacritice. There way be ® lessou in thts for French hus- bauds, but fu s wot the kuwad ot the vargative fs cxeessively crowded and’ bues red. It s far wmore hwhortant that Awmeri cau chlldren should Kuuw about the Elavery struggiv, for fnstance, thas that ‘they sbuuid bave full fuformation of Pouce do Leou’s voyare after the fountaln of perperual yuuths yet the souce s receut book by J. H. Hatty, the huuter sud tax- Werwist. The subject f5 au attractive one Lo wavy, aud suguests delightful ideas about out- door fe and all that that name lwylles. Shoutd the cotbuslastie sportsinan, however, turn to tls buuk for natruction or oven swusemeat, be ber full of steam dunig the operation, sud, o elfect this, & alucht, but & very sbyght, pressure Is kept up; tbls iy elfected by baviog scven- eghths luch plpe placed ub Lue dpper part of the Duiut uf the chamber, cluse to the dour, Tha DIpe Fiavs for wbout Iwo fuet oiX tuchics vertical- 4y und bhicn beuds duws 9 eyeath the firge b atinbate tbem rally to Gors, the fuuhu-’wruv o eredt uerocs sud partly to Lorels. Luiedly, there s o great shwfluncy o v e 9L the by nlllmuul. 1o Vedus, us well us fu the older portions vll.l.urmb.umn. Wero are sutliclent traces €48 be biown that Cliasics bive wy lutonse valuy of teir own, 3t will be untieceasury (0 ueleud Whit baw bees called wn asaatiant Of the cla *+ the wastecul policy of 8 vicarious clacipling, In reyurd 10 the wethod of sdvanced study of tho clasals n our bigher fos:ltations ot learn- Lo, Vaol Galderalenve s Lvie welite, Moo~ CIVILIZATION AND SCIENCE Tue July uumber of the Povw'ar Sclenco Moath'y contaws. a trsuelatioo of Prof. Euwnl DuBois-Reywoud’s addseas beforo the Scloutiie Lectwry Assoclationy 08 Gologue gu * Clviliza-