Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 26, 1878, Page 4

. e L g 17 Ty o [ 1 THE CHICAGO 'YRIBUNE: SUNDAY.. MAY. 20, iI878—SIXTEEN. FPAGES.. The Tribung, TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. OSTAGE PREPATD. BY MAIL~IN ADVANC] 1500 #1300 j‘.ngy Eadi‘tlfln. Bflblle;::. Pgrts of ‘ear. Tonasy oitlons Literary snd Ticiigio on: car. per mouil s WEEKLY EDITION, FOSTPAID. o Speclimen coptes sent rree. Give Post-Ofice address in fall, {ncludiog State o Counry. Remflances maybe meds efther by raft, express, Post-Oftice order, ot tn registered letters, at ourrisk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBERS. Tatly, delivered, Sunday excepted, 25 centa per weck. 2 utly, delivered, Sunday incladed. S0 cents per week- Address THE TRIBUCNE COMPAXY, Corne Madison ard Dearborn-sts., Chicago. Il rders for the delivers of TRE TEIBTNE at Evanston. Engiewood, and Hyde Park left in the counting-room il recel Y€ BromPL ALLEDLIOD. e TRIBUNE BRANCH OFFICES. Tz CaicAGO TEIBTNE has ectablished branch offices forthe recelptof subscriotions ad sdvertisements &8 foliows: 'NEW YORE—Room 29 Tribune Bullding. F.T. Mo~ FaDDEX, Manager. : TARIS, France—No. 16 Rue d¢ Ia Grange-Bateliere. 10. MauLEE, Agent. LONDOX, Kug.—American Exchange, 448 Btrand. Besoy F. GILLIG. Agent. BAN FRANCISCO. Cal.—Falace Hotel- SOCIETY MEETINGS. §T. BERNARD COMMANDERY, No. 8§ E. T.— Sir Enlghts, you are requested to appear st the Asylum cension-Day. Thursday, May 50, I57e, ut 4:30 p. M. arp, faily armed and_cquipped. for the purpore, of enting Divine scrvice st the Centenurs Methodish arch, tobe conducted by the Rev. Dr. Thomas. If o aTé mot prepared to participate in full regalia. Jou are requested to sppear dressed {n dark clotbing, 21 hat. and white gloves. and form with others simi- Sarly elothed s second dlviaion. By order of the Eml- Commander. - e, GEO. M. MOULTON, Captain-Ganersl. 0. 19. K. T.—Special NDERY. CRICAGO COMMANDERY, No. 1 TooSpacial -5ts. Conclave Monday eventnj 5 corner of_Kandolph 3ad ts. Work on K. T. Tislting Sir Knights courteously invited. Tue £ir Enights of this Commavdery are hereby notified that on Ascenslon. Thursday, May 30, the Commandery ~eill attend divine services ai Cehtenary Church, on Monrog-st., between Morgan and Aberdeen, under the G e JAS. E. MEGINN, Ree. APOLLO COMMANDERY. K. T.—Spectal Con- clave on Tucsday evening next at 7:30 o'clock prompr. $he Order of thie Temple will be conferred, Visitors weicome. .Sir Kaighis intending to participate in Ascension-Day (May 30) services are requested to xc. ort atthie Asylum at & o'clock of that day. By order of the Commauder. ; p pUXLOP, Recorder, . C. CREGIER LODGE. No. 643. A. F. & &. M.— Botr omaeaication Wednesday evcatos, May 30, at & o'clock eharp, at their hall, Nos. $06 and $03 Ml1- Taukee-av., near. Carpenter-s Work o the M. M. Degree. Vistung brethren cordislly invlred By order of JAMES EEATS, W. M. JOHN GINOCHIO, Se APTER. NO. 2, R. A. M.—Hall sted Convocation Monday eventur, ., for bustness and work. Visitors orlerof = W. H. REID, H.P. CORINTHIAN CHAPTER. NO. €3. R, A. M.—Reg- wiar Convocaiion Mouday evening, Hay 7. *Work on the Koyal Arch Degree. By order GIL W. BARNARD. H. P. —_———————— SUNDAY, MAY 26, 1878. —_— In New York on Saturdsy greenbacks were sworth 99@994 on the dollar in gold and sil- wer coin, e The customs frpuds in New York are de- veloping finely, and, although the work of the Investigating Committee is far from completed, enough crookedness has already been discovered to smbstantinte all the charges of Collector Saurn. -The Commit- tee expect to be occupied in taking tosti- mony and in preparing their report until Fuly. — e Wo have heard a great deal during the past Eix months about the preparstions being made by England for a war; bus the News Agencics abroad have been singularly silent regarding the movements of the Russian Government in the same direction. In our dispatches this morning, bowever, thero are a few hints which show that during these ‘months Russia has not beenidle. Even now large bodies of troops, mostly mew lovies, are moving constantly towards the Gallician frontier. Meanwhile peaceful assurances continue to come from London. The authorities at Geneva, Ill, should take immediate measures to remove the Gazrrry convicts to the Penitentiary, where they will be in safe keeping, It is under- stood fhat an application has been made for a supersedeas, and, if it is granted, the pris- oners cannot be removed from the Eane County Jail; but if they are placed in the Penitontiary immediately - they - will have to remain there until the final decision of the Court. It does not seem probable that a supersedeas can be obtained, but it would bo as well for the Kane County authorities 10 be on the safe side. .Those who are hypercritically solicitous about the color of the stone to be used in the new City-Hall are advised to take & look at the complexion of the Lemont stone in thefirst story, put in the walls only last year, as compared with the color of the stone being set -this year. The Bedford stone is as white, if not whiter than the Lemont stone of last year. No Chicago building material discolors §o rapidly as Lemont stone. The chief objection, ten years hence, to the Bed- ford stone will be, that it is too white for the dingy, disintegrating, brown.yellow Lemont stone from the quarries of the Ringster WirkER. While Registersin Bankruptey, as a rule, profess indifference regarding the fata of the: bill sbolishing the Bankrapt law, it is noticeable that quits & number of Registers happen to be in Washington just now, and are to be scen frequently button-holing the Representatives of their districts. The zeal with which they cling to the institutions of the past is only equaled by the celerity with which = they collect the exorbitsnt fees allowed them under the law. After the oble exposition of the workings of that law by the Spacial Com- mittee of the Bar Association of this city, and after the inundation of petitions for its repeal from all the leading business men of the country, it is difficult to see why there should be any further delay on the part of the House in carrying through the measure now on the Speaker's table, which will give hnsi?ess men a chance to collect at least a modicum of the debts of & bankrupt estate. ‘We print elsewhere tho political creed and purposes of the New York Communists, who dm‘eg 1n no particular from the Chicago Com- !;\;JnLfls,exoept that the lstter are too cow= s ly h. p?’blu:l] avow the full measure of their principles and_intentions. New York 3s the headquarters of Communism in Ameri. ca I_!t Sirst landed there from Paris and Ber- !..m, its lgehrlqmm:xa are there, and there its d_evihsh plots. are hatched and its doctrines promulgated. The Commanists in this country—snd 99 per cent of them azo. foreigners—hold precisely the opinions of tho French, Bonomian, Polish, Russian, ond German Communists. Last summer. when the railrond strikes wero raging, the Communists of this city were in active com- munication with the strikers, egging them on to lawless acts. A great mass-meeting was hal(! in New York to encourage the strikers in their work of riot and destruc- tion; The haranguers of that meeting de- clared it to be the purpose of the Working- men’s party *“ to confiscate through legisla- tion the unjustly-gotten wealth of theso legalized and chartered corporation thieves that are backed by the Shylocks and moneyed syndicates of -Europe and this country.” They expressed warm sympathy for the riot- ers and wanton destruction of life and prop- orty. As to the religious opinions of the Communists, in 1671 M. Jures Favre said of their organization: *‘The slliance declares itself atheist; it seeks the abolition of wor- ship, the substitution of science for faith, of human nature for Divine justice, and the gholition of marriage ; it demands above all the abolition of the right of inheritance of property, and that capital shall be at the dis- position only of workers.” There has been o change of religious or political sentiments of Eaxr Manx, Mzox & Co. since this was expressed. — Daring the week ending at noon on Satur- day, May 25, thero had been received in Chi- cago mo less than 7,463 cars loaded with grain. During the same time there wers re- ceived by boats on the canal 69,250 bushels of corn, oats, and rye, which were equal to 167 car-loads, making a total equal to 7,630 car-loads of grain. The number of cars re- ceived and of each kind of grain daily for the week is thus shown: Day. | Wheat.| Corn.| Oats. | Lye.Barley. "Monday . sg0l 173 23| 1 Tuesday 60| 123 20| ... Wednesday .| 213 603 o 1y 15 Thursday...| 190 Friday .. 246 Saturday 249 Total Whole number of cars Add per canal.... Grand total for week. Reduced to bushels, the receip! of grain rail snd canal during the week were 3,106,000, of which 2,096,930 bushels were corn and 487,512 wheat. The extension of the Indiana avenue car- line bolow Thirty-ninth street, as far as the ontrance to South Park, will undoubtedly be a great blessing to tho people this summer, and the Car Company will find a profit.in running the cars frequently and regularly. It is apparent, however, that the owners of the Sonth Park boulevard property made a great mistake in not securing the laying of the track west on Thirty-ninth street to the ‘boulevard, and thence south on the west side thereof as faras the entrance to the Park. Already the cars have helped build up the property south of the city limits on the line’ of Indiana, Michigan, and adjoining avenues, and they would have had the same effect in hastening the improvement of tho boulevard property. The ride to the Park would have been pleasanter along this line, and those in- terested in the boulevard should yet endeav- or to sccure the laying of atrack on the unoccupied ground on the west side of the boulevard for summer use, as well as that of future residents. COXMMUNISHM IS COERCION. The unrest and discontent proceeding from the general depression of commerce and production the world over, and the con- sequent suspension of industry and employ- ment of Iabor, are exhibited in all parts of Europe and of the United States. The com- paratively small portion of society really sdvocating what is known ss Communism have taken ndvantage of this wide-spread discontent to tempt the unemployed every- ‘where to make common cause with them in overturning or revolutionizing the gocial and political systems of civilization. Commu- nism, taking advantage of a disastrous war and the presence of a successful enemy in the country, made its struggle to gain supreme control in France. The battle was fought out there, and the result has been that in France Communism is -now weaker, and has less followers comparatively, than in those countries of Enrope where its efforts have been confined to sgitation. Tho title of Communism itself has bscome odious, and strong efforts have been made to induce workmen, especially organizationslike trndes- unions, to unitein & common movement, un- der the name of Socialists, or Knights of Labor, or some new . title which will dis- guiso the principle of Communism. It is immaterial, however, what may be the name under which this revolution may bo prosecuted ; the change of name will not change the facts. The ends and purposes sought remaining the same, Communism will e unchanged. no matter what its advocates may call it. The Commaunists of France, the Socielists of Germany, the Molly Maguires of the United States, and all other organiza- tions or associations having & common object in view, are none the less responsible for their Communism, though they may call it by some other name. The present policy of these men is to in- duce the trades-unions, the miners, the sail- ors, the men engaged in railway trams- portation, and all other laborers, skilled or unskilled, and especially those unemployed, {0 unite with them in the adoption of dis- ruptive principles of government, new no- tions of personal freedom, and & mew sys- tem of humsn slavery. The fundamental principle of Communism, no matter by what name called, is Force,— that is, war,—domestic, fraternal, relentless war, with all its bitterness, malignity, hatred, and desolation. Its first proposition is, that capital is robbery; that the man who has worked a weok and saved the wages of two days has thereby robbed his fellow-man to the extent of his accummulation. They proposa to deprive the individual of the right to make & con- tract fixing the amount of his own wages, and the number of hours he shall work in,a day, week, or month, and to employ force to prevent him executing any such contract. They propose that the man who can obtain for his labor, becauss of his skill and indus- try, twice the ordinary wages shall not be allowed to receive such additional wages, but shall receive only the sum paid to others less skillful and less industrious. They propose that the man who invests his money in land, buildings, machinery, tools, and raw mate- rial,and employs labor to manu facture prod-» uce for sale, shall not be permitted to hire workmen, ekilled or unskilled, at rates of wages and hours of labor that will- enable him to sell his products at s profit, and that this prohibition shall be carried out by force, —force against the person and property of the employer, and force, even unto death, against the workman consenting to labor at the most his labor can obtain. They pro- pose to abolish the right of contract, to abolish the personal freedom of the work- maa as well as of the employer, and to ercct &S the arbiter of industrial labor, occupation, n}ld ‘wages, arbitrary Force against the indi- vidual i No man labors except for the earnings. The sum of his wages represents the profit of l?bur over idleness. No man purchases 8 mine, orland, buildings, machinery, snd Taw materials, and employs labor, except with the hope and expectation of producing something that may be sold for more than, the cost of, production. But Communism pronounces ‘the possession of individual property and of the means of paying wages robbery, and, ignoring all considerations of the cost of production, demands a division of the substance of the employer in excess of what he can obtain for the product of the Inbor. If he rofuses to divide, then his mine or his mill is closed by force ; if work- mon offer to Inbor for him they are to be disporsed by force, murdered in their homes, or shot down in the highway. Thisis & vila despotism which, if attempted by Gov- ernment, would rouse the nation to fren- zied rosistance. It would be a reduction of lsbor to a slavery infinitely more in- human than that abolished by the late War. There are at this time, and have been since the finencial crash of 1873, multitudes of unemployed persons in all parts of the land who have congregated in the cities. Among thess the Communists are industriously at work poisoning their minds to the point that the great remedy for lack .of work is Coercion. TForce is the weapon which ruled in barbaric days when might was right, and tho strong strock down the week, and tho redder the hand and the more brutal the instincts the more powerful the possessor. Then men were ruled by fear,—Forco on tho one hand and feor on the other, with the natursl conmse- quence of hato between them. After five years of comparative depression, the country 1ins renched that point where a liberzl revival of industry mey bo expected, indeed has commenced. There are millions of dollars now idle which, with a little more confidence in the stability of the national credit, ave ready for invesiment in production ~and building. Men are prepared to open new mines and to resume the operation of old ones; to start the fires in extinguished furnaces and to establish new ones; to build new mulls, factories, and houses ; to purchaso increased machinery, and, gathering in iron, steel, and copper, wood, cotton, and wool, and hides and leather, and all other of the abundance of raw material, proceed, with the md of human labor, to push the production of American industry far in excess of what it has ever known before. With £50,000,000 of silver, and as much more of gold, annually coining at the mints and finding s permanent circulation in the land; with an immense and increasing export in excess of imports, the probabilities of any financial disturbancs aro so remote that confidence has been restored to that point where capital is now seeking that investment which for five years it has avoided. At this moment rises the monster of Commiunism, tareatening that any revival of industry must take place under the rule of Coercion,—not that force which rests 1n the law and in the maintenance of justice and the freedom of person and prop- erty, but a force to be exercised outside of and in defiance of law ; which is to treat the possession of property as an usurpation, and the means of poying wages 8s cvidence of the robbery of the men to whom wages are pnid; that force which intervenes in defi- ance of law between employer and em- ployed ; which closes workshops snd dis- perses workmen ; which punishes as a crime the making of contracts, aud hunts to death the man who dares to work for the highest wages ho can get, and which, under the pre- tense of equalization, takes from intelligence, skill, and experience their honest reward and incentive to effort, and lodges power over the person and property, the personal freedom and earnings of ench individual, in en irresponsible body whose only and sapreme law 1s Coercion. Once surrender to the supremacy of Coer- cion and where does it lead? Who is to con- trol and direct it? ~The law of forco re- pudiates all restraint and all law; it can only bs opposed by force, and it takes but a brief period to have as many exponents of forco as there are men to employ it, and victims to gratify its barbarity. Dictation is berbarism,—a stifling of every principle of humanity, order, decency, honesty, virtue, reverence, andaffection. Coercion arms man against man and kinsman against kinsmian. It is cruel, vindictive, mualicious, insatin- ble. Communism, call it by whatever name, is anarchy,—bloody, relentless an- archy,—over which presides Force. Commau- nism is destractive of personal liberty. And yet these men are appealing to the poor and the weak,—those whose brightest and most prosperous days are those of peace and con- fidence, of employment and wages, of homes and families,—to abandon these, and with torch and rifle go forth as soldiers of anarchy, led by Force, to enrich themselves in blood, to hear the music of the shrieking victims of violence,and to witness the picture of blazing workshops and factories, which shall never again be opened to peaceful in- dustry. Are industry and employment to be yesumed under the threatening menace of ir- responsible Coercion, civil war, bloodshed, and the desolation of anarchy ? JOEN WENTWORTH'S REAL OPPORTUNITY It is known that the Hon. Jouy WENT- wonta has long desired to do something which will associate his name with the City of Chicago for all time. It is natural that he should havé such an ambition, and that he should cherish it among the fondest as- pirations of his life. His wealth, his fame, and his interests are all intimately associated with the development of this city. He will always be known as one of the most ener- getic and useful Mayors Chiengo ever had ; he has ably represented his city and district in Congress ; he has acquired a fortune here probably second to none other; he is the most conspicuous figure, physically, mental- ly, and socially, in the entire community; he is best known abroad as the leading citi- zen of Chicago; he is the man who is always first consulted in any public crisis, and who has always commanded respect and sdmira- tion for sterling integrity and plucky inde- pendence. Under these circumstances it would be strange if Mr. WENTWORTH Were not ambitious to gain an enduring place in the history of Chicago, and for many years it has merely been a question how he can best serve the people he likes so.well, and how they and their children can best typify the man and the popular confidence which he has won for himself. By reason of Mr. WeNTworTr's striking physique and strong character, undoubtedly the most enduring monument would be in the shape of a life-size or colossal statue, which should be erected in =z public place with an sssurance of perpetunl tenure. There are enough citizens of Chicago who will gladly contribute at the shortest notice the necessary funds for a WeNTWoORTH monu- ment of this kind, and provide that it shall be of the most artistic style and skill in sculpture. The only question is as to the proper place in which to erect it. Fortu- nately Mr. WeNTwoRTH can furnish just the location. Some time since there was con- siderable talk of Mr, WeNTwoRTH's dedicating a large tract of eighty ncres or moro fora public park away- out to the southwest, near Cicero. But it was thought Chicago was already amply provided with an elaborate system of suburban parks, and Mr, Wevrwonts himself is evi- dently not convinced that he csn serve " his . follow-citizons - better in this way than any other. But the South Division of the city is deficient in intra- mural breathing.spots, and Mr. WENTWORTH his just the ground, and in fact the only available ground, to supply the deficien- cy. This is the block lying between Thirty-third and Thirty-fourth stroets and Michigan and Wabnsh avenues. It is located in the centra of the most populous residence district of the South Dirision, is entirely un- occupied, and is owned in fee simplo by 3r. Westwonte. It is the remains of a very large tract of land which Mr. WexTWORTH secured at & small cost in the early days of Chicago. The most of the land was subdi- vided and sold off beforo the fire ab very bandsome prices. It hos always been suspect- ed that Mr. Wexrwonta reserved this par- ticular block—proba>ly about five or sixacres in aren—with the intention of dedicating it to the public at the right time. Now the right time has come, when the city is thickly built up on all sides of it, and when it is the only available spot on the South Side for a city breathing-place. g Of course thie park will be known as Went- worth Park. The statune wo have spoken of will be subscribed for and ordered by indi- vidual property-owners as soon as the gift is definitely made. The city will take imme- diate steps to improve and benutify the grounds. - By next summer the women sud children of the South Division may havesa freo and health-giving resort within walking distance of a large part of tho population of the Third, Fourth, and Fifth Wards, containing 100,000 souls, and within quick, easy, and cheap access by two lines of horse-cars running on cither side. Out- side of the large suburban parks, the ‘West Division has thre pretty litilo parks,— Union, Jefferson, jand Vernon,—besides one other on Milwaulkee avenuo ; the North Division has Washington Park, besides Lin- coln Park, which is so accessible ; the South Division has nothing to look forward to, however, but Wentworth Park. It will be a great popular blessing. The name and marble statne will keep Jomy WenTwoRTH alive in the memory of Chicago people aslong asa city remains on the present site; and thero will be a high sense of personal gratification for Mr. WeNTworTH in dedicating the ground at this time, 8o that within his own life he may know by his own experience of the good he lonves behind him, and of the pub- lic gratitude that will be his for all time. THE POPULAR JUDGMENT IN POLITICS. The May number of the Nineteenth Cen- tury contains & discussion of the question, ¢ 3 the Popular Judgment in Politics More Just than That of the Higher Orders?” The purticipants are Lord ArTuur Ressery, R. H. Hurrox, Graxt Durr, and FrepEric Han- risox. The argument of the Lord illustrates the subject by showing a waunt of compre. hension of the principles involved. Mr. GrapstoNe had said that the popular judg- ment on political questions was often more just than that of the higher orders; and Lord Antrur Russers labors through several pages to show that ** the uneducated masses are only inthe right when lod by right- minded leaders.” Mr. Hurrox contends that Lord Artuur has missed the point at issue. “ Tho question is not,” ho says, ** where tho directing power cowes from, but where the leaders get the steam-power by which the effects ore produced.” Mr. Graxt Durr clears the discussion of other useless members, holding, with Dr. Newaax, that ¢ when we have stated ourterms and cleared our grounds all argument is generally either superfluous or fruitless.” Since Lord ArTHUR will not deny that the popular judgmentis more teackable by wiso leaders than that of the higher orders, there is nothing to be dis- puted with him. The fact that the masses are more easily instructed in political ques- tions than what is known as “ Society,” is at- tributed by Mr. DuFF to the frivolouscharac- ter of ““Society.” Ho defines English * Socie- ty” as “a collective name for alarge number of men and women sufficiently well off to ba jdle, who spend their time for the most part in amusing themselves and cach other.” « The boys are sent to school, where they aro largely occupied in pretending to obtain an infinitesimal acquaintance with two ancient languages, and that scienco which has least to do with the ordinary duties of the citizen. Nearly the whole of the time which is not occupied in these but slightly cultivating pursuits is given to out-door amusements, such as batting and boating. The whole public opinion of the world in which they live is against study and in favor of idleness.” ¢ Then, again, if they have any serious elements in their character, these almost always bring them under the influenco of a Church which has been and s almost invariobly wrong on all political questions.” This strong Inngunge cuts near the core of the discussion. If Mr. Durr had not been diverted from his main purpose, ho could not have failed shortly to show why the po- litical judgment of English “ Society " is so often erroneons. It remained for the last disputant, Mr. FrRepEnto Haxnrisoy, to make this revelation. The reason is, he says, that “Sociely” as & whole is ignorant. Not igno- rant of the dead languages, or of polite man- ners, or of n smattering of fashionable sci- ence, or, of the requirements of a luxurious religion, but deficient in the political train- ing, political thoughtfulness, and wide pub- lic interest which contribute to the intellect- unl activity cf the lower classes. Political education, Mr. Harnrsox goes on to show, is a totally different thing from Iterary educa- tion. - “Many workmen, even many country Inborers, have attained to a very considerable political education by means of constant political discussions, careful reading of news- papers, and expericnce in managing their own offsirs. For all political purposcs, the bost of this class have a better practical train- ing in affairs, and even in matters of State, than many a country curate, or club dandy, or oven o sporting member of Parlia ment. Why mass them all together as the ignorant classes? aud why mess all thoso who have the manners of the drawing- room as the cultivated classes?” MMr. Hazn- r1s0x argues that leisure, and perhaps wealth, tends to promote & political training on the one hand; but that, on the other hand, a leisured and wealthy class too often infects even its best members with a timid, captious, blase mind, or with a selfish, anti-social resc- tionary temper. The rich English have great material opportunities for making themselves statesmen; but they imbibe sundry moral and intellectual vices from their wealth or their ronk. ““If the far larger number of practical statesmen will be found 1 the rich and business classes, on thecther sidefreedom from political prejudice, aptness for healthy political ideas, sound political judgment, and teachabloness, ara to be found more widely and rapidly diffusod in the working classes than in the ¢ higher orders,” as the term goes.” Therefore, Mr. HARRISON 5aYS: ¢ All gov- ernment must be the work of special per- sonal enpacity, in harmony with an enlight- ened public opinion.” This enlightenment is not peculiar to the® privileged orders, nor is this capacity always a monopoly of the rich. . The argnment in the Nineteenth Century has not been completed. In the next num- Der we hope to see two points, in addition to those made by MMr. Harrsox, pressed with vigor and understaiding. ‘There should bo an enlergoment of the argument from ex- perience. Mr. GrapsroNz said that the jnstances in which the popular judg- ment hed been superior to that of the higher orders made up nearly the whole history of the country since the peace of 1815, and that “It would be difficult to name a subject of the first magmtude which might not be specified in the list, unless that, perhaps, of Roman Catholic emancipa., tion.” Mr. HorroN cites a few instances of this kind, including the reform of the crim- inal law, commuting the death penalty for secondary crimes, the obolition of slavery and the slave-trade, the disestablishment of the Irish Church, and, generally, guestions of free-trade, representation, and the labor- laws. But the argument might be carried still further. It might be contonded that, if the evidence in favor of the popular judgment is so overwhelming as Mr. Grao- STONE soys it is, the discussion is closed. Experienca is conclusive against all theories. Secondly, the next number of the Nineteenth Century should show that the lower orders in England are the interested classes when questions of great public concern are up for settlement. The utilization argument in this connection is the strongest of all those drawn from @ priori sources. Tho abuses to be corrected have grown up in England in consequence of (ho predominance of wealth sndrank in the Government. - The middle and lower classes have the strongest motives to work for the reformation of these abuses, and tho higher orders the strongest selfish motives to resist such changes. The drift of reform tends to diminish their power; and power is precisely that human possession which man most desires to acquire, and is most reluctant to surrender. 1If the terms of the discussion were trans- ferred to the United States, we should find that the English arguments do not apply hers fully, bechuse we have ho *‘higher orders” in the sense of that phrase in En- gland. Besides, political education is more widely diffused in America than in England. But even hers thers ig some amendment to bo desired among the educated classes. The courso of instruction in most of the Ameri- ean colleges runs too much in the direction of o literary education. We have heard it stated—and believe it to bes true—that the graduates of American colleges, as a rule, are densely ignorant of the history of their own country. There is no American college ex- cept Harvard in which American history re- ceives the attention it deserves. Many graduates cannot name the Presidents of the United States in their order, or explain what is meant by the Hartford Convention, or the Alien and Sedition laws, or give the most cursory sketch of the history of the two TUnited States Banks, or Hevey Crax’s Com- promises, or the rupture of the Missouri Compromise and the consequences. Unless this course of education is soon changed it will be ensy to maintain that the judgment of the masses in' America is’ better than that of the educated classes of Americe. WHAT COOK COUNTY HOSPITAL NEEDS. Cook County boasts of one of the most complete and elaborate publio hospitals on the Continent. It Las been erccted at a large cost, shared in proportion by every indi- vidual who pays taxes. Ono of the leading medical colleges of the Northwest adjoins it, with an amphitheatre and all the advantages of an able Faculty, and the most modern de- vices for aiding medical education. The Lospital has o large staff of physicinns (resi- dent ond consulting), narses, attendsuts, ete. Yet there is one notable defect that is a blot on the institution, an injury to pub- lio interests, and o hindrance to tho hospital's usefulness os & public charity. Thers is no specinl ward for the accommodation of lying- in women and the treatment of women’s dis- enses. There isno need to dwell upon the urgent necessity of particular care and at- tention in these cases. Common humanity bas agreed upon the duty of providing for women about to be delivered of chil- dren, when their own condition in life prevents them from procuring proper care for themselves. Aside from this the medi- cel profession has recognized that the pecul- iar disenses of women, which prevail to an alarming extent among Americans, exert a most deleterious infincnce upon the general public health. Thus it is that common cherity and sanitary considerations alike de- mand that every such hospital as that sup- ported by Cook County should have ample facilities for the care and treatment of women who are efflicted with tumors, pecu- liar weaknesses, or are abont to bring chil- dren into the world. There is an excellent charity on the West Side, known as the Women's Hospital, which has done and is doing all it can to alleviate sufferings and provide care for women too poor to take care of themselves at a critical time. But thisis a private charity, and its resources are not merely limited, but they cannot properly be expended upon women with whom childbirth is o sin and shame. This private charity was intended to rench a class of women who are unable to secure for themselves the delicate care and scientific treatment de- manded by their. condition. As a private chority its promoters had the right to de- termine its function, which, for the rest, is legitimate and worthy, bocause it is extend- od to a class of women who would not throw themselves upon the county, but wonld endanger their lives and undergo grent deprivation if left to themselves. It is not right that the accommodations and advantages of this private hospital should be monopolized by a certain class. to the exclu- sion of the very women for whose benefit it was established; it should be left free to work in its own field, while the county should take care of those who are properly & charge upon it. ‘Without 2ny special information as to the size and arrangement of the County Hos- pital, we pssume that it will be practicable to set aside space to properly accommodate fifty beds for the exclusive use of women in childbirth or helpless invalids. It is not for the county to inquire into the character, but only the necessities nnd condition, of those who apply for admission into the public hospital. All women who apply at a lying- in timoe and who have no other resource should be cared for properly and decently. If adequate arrangements were made at the Cotntv Hosvital for this cless of unfortu- nates, the Women’s Hospitals supported by privato contributions would be justified in turning over to the connty those whose mis- fortunes had been brought on by their own vice, and these institutions would then be free to do the work for which they were organized, viz.: the care of deserving and afflicted women who have no homes nor sufficient means of their own to securs proper attontion. * ART-EDUCATION. A very oloquent appeal for art was recently made in o discourse delivered in Cincinnati by the Rev. C. W. WeNDTE, formerly of this city. As the discourse itsclf is rather too long for republication in Tme TRIBUNE, & summary of its main points will be of interest to our readers, and espacially to a large circle of Mr. WexpTE'S former parishioners, The reverend gentleman chose for his theme the text from Matthow, that man shall not live by brond alone, and applied it to Art 8s a revesler of the Divine to mankind. - After briefly examining Trath and Faith as two of the important messages sent from Heaven to man, he takes. as the third messngo Beauty, — Gon's word to the imagination of man.” The guide and mterpreter through whom man appreciotes this element of Beauty is Art. Through poetry, sculpture, painting, architecture, and music, ‘‘the appointed angels of God to commend His gospel of beauty to the human soul,” it presents to us the beautiful visions of lifs and of Nature, and thus ** becomes a high means of culture to mankind ” and **alending instrumentality in the Divine edncation of tho human race.” In his characterization of the various methods by which Art expresses itself, Mr. WENDTE shows himself to ba a close observer. Music was one of the carliest of all thearts n itsin- ception, and, as Mr. WENDTE says, *the latest of them to be developed,”—a point which hag escaped many writers upon Art. Old as mausic is, its development from the crude form of melody into the completeness of barmony belongs almost to our own time, and, if the theories of the modern school of the music of the future are sound, its de- velopment is not yet finished, at least so far as it can be used 8s a medium of dramatic expression, or even as & mirror of the emo- tions. Mr. WeSDTE, in dealing with the practical side of Art; was evidently inspired by the vory remarkable collection of homo and for- eign art in the Loan Exhibition which was open in Cincinnati during the progress of the recent Musical Fostival. The exhibition embraced paintings, drawings, engravings, carvings in wood and stone, ceramics, an- cient vases, both original and copied, rare fabrics and stuffs, gold and sil- ver bijouterie and cirtu, old srmor, and objects of musical curiosity, such as instru- ments, autographs, and ancient scores. Cincinnati has long enjoyed a proud pre- eminence, not only in her high stand- ards of musical excellence, hut in the fino products of her art-students in wood- carving and china and porcelain decoration. AMr. WesDTE rightly assumes that Art is not merely an smusement, but s high and digni- fied occupation of the human mind, and, that without this esthotic quality man is inharmoniously developed,—*‘ as much so as the galley-slave who, chained for long years to his rowing-bench, may have the torso of 5 giant, but caunot walk a single mile.” He demands, upon this assumption, that its cultivation should not be confined to the few, s all men have need of it. *“Itisan indis- pensable element in every man's life, and enters into the minutest detail of his experi- ence,” as is shown by its presence in the home, in -dress, conversation, and manners, in the nursery, at the wedding and the funeral, and in the Church. After drawing a broad distinction between the good and bad and the true and false in Art, and argu- ing that it is not to be rejected because it is made the ngent of evil in life, he makesa strong nppeal for a higher standard of Amer- jcan Art, snd for his final topic discusses the form which the patron- age of Art should take in this coun- try. So long as the partisan spirit and political greed sctuate parties he does not look for any help from the State, or any such incentives as the State in former ages offered the sculptor, painter, and poet, nor does he expect anything from the Church until the dogmatic zeal engendered by the Reformation dies ont. *“It will be long be- fore tha Church will becoms again the shrine of beauty and the patron of art.” He looks rather to *“the culture and public spirit of the citizen m his private capacity.” Lo- cated as he is in Cincinnati, where such patrons of art’ as SeriNaer, DExTER, Pro- Basco, LoNaworTH, Smitiiro, and others, have done so much to beautify their city and extend the area of Art in its educational in- fluences, Mr. WespTE has found the true source of patronnge. His discourse, how- ever, was hardly necded in that city. Cin- cinnatiis to-day the real art-centre of the United States, notwithstanding the claims Boston makes to that position. Chicago stands more in need of such d discourse. Art mever was at so low an ebb in this city as now. At the time of the great fire Art was in a very hopeful condition, and painting and music especially had reeched a high position. Sinco that time music has recovered somewhat and the oatlook is encouraging, but painting has not. If any place needs ** the culture and pubiic spirit of the citizen in his private capacity ” it is Chicago. The Rev. Mr. WENDTE would find alarge field for his art-labor here. There is nothing new under the sun, or even under the ferald. Some time ago Tue Tris- uNE described the discovery in Lyons of a cop- per globe, made by a Jesuit geoerapher early in the cighteenth ceatury, upon which were laid down the sources of the Nile and the great lakes of Equatorial Africa.. Now some one has turned up PErer HeyLrx’s “ Cosmograpbie,” published in 1663, where in the map of Africa are shown the three great lakes between 5 deg. N. and 13 deg. S., the Nilo flowlag out of the two casterly ones, while the Congo and other large streams flow out of that to the west. Not only that, bat in the text accompanying the map is the following, among the rivers of Ethiopla Superior: “Nilus, of which before when we were in Eaypt: whose spring uoprofita- bly sought for in the elder times, is now said to be out of the Lake Zembre, in the other Ethi- opia, 11 deg. beyond the Equator.” _——— Mr. GLADSTONE has been lecturing on the bad- ness and wastcfulness of English cookery, and expressing surprise that French methods and cconomics have never been adopted. He says: A French cook of very moderato skill, even an ordinary bonschold matron. will make a palatable if not a savory mexl out of the slenderest materi- als, It is easy to farnish a good dinner where ma- terials are abundant and_expense s Dot spared. The real skill of the cook consists in makine the ind in pleacing the ‘Thus ‘zood cook- i well ag its mere- 1y luxurious aspect. The real and popular art of Cookery consists, uot in the skillful preparation of rare aud costly viands, but {n the palatable and frugal drexsinzof all that s presented a3 food, in the provident consumption of waete and scraps, and In the economicul combination of ingredi- fm.! that would separately be rejected as worth- ese. Mr. GLADSTONE tells o significant, 1f some- what apocrypbal, story apropos to this culinary economy of waste products. The Amey would seem, by 2 strange survival of wastefulness, make 0o use of ox-taj i thelr English ancestors nad not ‘:':: e toutllize them when the American Qs were first planted. But the French Telage e he Revolution tauzht the English a moge ot nomical and a WOFe SAVOry Way, aud the e sy is that Enzhishmen now know the valye g;uu" tall soup, though the secret, it would seegy (.. Jong time in erossin the Atlantic, 5 g critic,” says the London Times, “might g, 00d deal to say to Lhis strange story of e ry mythology. and if the ancedote oniy belone to Homerle times we might expect Mr, v,;Lfli sTONE himself toexpend a good deal of fngoes. ityon it. We might usk if there were no Frapeg. men in Canada, and if the art of cookipee’ tails was lost i the 10z and perilons pac, of the Atlavtic. ‘A Frenchman 133 bor g and utlhizes every scrap of food, An Ennm:' man despises the part and neglects it; howagy balf the food he gets by unthritty and negle ful methods, and spoils not a little of the g mainder by unskillful dressing.” L e The New York 72 ribune, professi ; as the Seatimental Lumber- Yard, ?smt}gx::&: be the most accomplistied purveyor of hogomae in American journalisin. We would sy match between the writer of the sentiapys articles and the maundering idiot who Wrots ay rlc:.-;s, # heredityry editorial on *May in tne London Times of the 4th just. Said the latter: The month of May ls one grea and among all prople, whether in citler o fields, §t 1as been the mont: most prized gad o tended for. There bas ever been the fopos 00 it was the trystinz-time, and that whoers 3t the Slay wou il the year. Whoever goar Heaven: has reizned in Msy. To a1l sombre. and Gislruciing Tinete m p R providen Church has Kept It welloitor o pricious Incldenco of Lent, ‘wth Js Bect: 3ud flowms stream of sorrows, Tigs oR3 of celebration have becn very vansh fn_some points they all seres, Tosre 0 always been assemblages ana Fivalries. The peas, and belles of the day, the foremost of there b have presented thomselves o approciating s tors and hearers to vie for vome meed of prs some solemn recozaition, or more abiding ey aenee, Natare now I the atage mechasu oo Bcene-painter. Sk orings oat het fairest ber balmiest breezes, her most delicately ey skies. But if Muy bethe pleasanteat month i 15 Country, it 18 als0 In the town; and 8o Nataar oy Art—Grace, we should rather s:y—cun(emllm& possession of this golden opportunity. 4 We will give a chromo to every mas, Indlgd. ing the author. who will explain this beautija] picce of writing. If “whotver reizns in Hearen bas reigned fo May,” where does the Indisidgay relzn who has reigned in Junel Auswer gy that, you son of s slush-bucket! ——— . On Thursdsy morning last Mr. Ciurers 4, Daxa, cditor of the New York Su, with s countenance pallid and distorted with rage, mounted upon a foaming charyer whose fanks were like raw beefsteaks, might have beer seeq spurring alone the crowded strects of the i, a bowiekuife like a sevthe in oue hand snd 4 twelve-barreled revolviog Gatlinz mazazine pistol in the other, the bridle-reins being held between his teeth, which he gritted fercely wl they met in the thick leather. Heedless of the apple-carts, policernen, old women, horse<ass, telegraph-poles, newsboys, and elevated-railroad tracks, that were knocked down and trampled under foot, he urged his steed to the doors of the Sun office, aud, finzing himself from the reeling charzer's back, bounded up the stairs leading to the editorial- rooms like a tizer. & momeat later the passers- by heard a din of pistol-firing, mingled with the groans of the dying and the fiendish yells of the infuriated combatants, and for some minates the air was black with editors, proot- readers, compositors, ete., etc., jumping oatol the windows. When order had been fo a measure restored, and most of the deadand dying had been carted away to the Morgue ad hospitals, it was found that the cause of Mr. DaNA’S anger was the fact that mn the Sunof Thursday had appeared a parsgraph beginaing, «The Secretary of the Tressury,” sud mot “JonN SmerMAN,” or “The de facto,” or “ I'he frandulent.” ——————— When a man is 85 years old, and is worth several millions of dollurs, he should be ableto” put away ambition, by which the angels and Mr. Justice Davi3 fell. PererCoores wasn't, and = libel-suit now pending in an Eastern court rives us some idea of the violence of the Presidential attaci whicn he expenenced. In 1876, the vencrable, white-headed, and green- backed Mr. CoopER contracted with some vne to prepare 600 boxes out of which to rustis tickets, 150,000 ballots oeing also prepared for New York City, and 320,000 for the rest of the State, each ballot being sccompanied whb 8 four-page explanation of Mr. Cooper’s financisl dactrine. The grand result was that in New York City 299 votes were run oat of 600 bozes, or something less than one vote out of every two bues, while of 500,000 ballots issued s the whole State ounly 2,000 cot into the Electorl urus. Tt would have been money fn PETE'S vocket—a saving of PETER'S pence, a3 It were= if be had put away ambition. . iy e ———— " TheOthof Juneis the day selected for the Socialist demonstration here. Sowe learn from the Clicago correspondent of the Tndiaaapls Communist orzan, * P." Citizen * 2.7 seads to the Indianapolis Communist sheet tie speech made by EDMOND MG, the murderer of tbe Archbishop of Paris, and prints ia_eapitals the passuge declaring that mea do not have ¢ rizhis who do not take them by force. isea P, says excitedly that * The ‘canitalistic class are preparing for a general massase of errf workingman who resists their injustice and 0> pression,” and calls on workisgmen to * be pre pured ” and mot let tuz * bired aszassins aul butcliers "'—the city autaoritles and et the start of them. Whois Citizen " s it Citizen A. R. PAmsoxs, of 305 Mobark stnet! —————- The Lousville Cour.-Jour. puis the putatis® father of the Greaser “fruua” resolutlosh CLARRSON PorTEr. “As 8 +gentleman’ be ranks with Bayaep; a man of distinzruished birth and breeding, with the brafns of & states- man and the taleat of a politician—thoroughly a man of the world, as the saping 15,and 8 good o The C.-J. was 5o absorbed In contempls: tion of his “distinguished birth and breeding that Ic forgot to say & word about his sfln{- grab worldlymindedness and his back-pay state® manship. These werc thought at the timet? be vulgar plebeian acts. e — It will ot do to reduce the army to 1008 men. After the secesslon of the Norther? States, aod when the next wah for the Union 8 it was (before 1861) has resulted in the m?‘.lm,, down of the rebels, strong zarrisons will be needed for Maine, Massachusetts, Michigad, Jowa, ana such like States, to support the e~ pet-bag Governments that will there Dbe estad- Mshed by enterprising poor whites from. Flo North Caroling, and Alabama. Another American crew has gone o'eerW: gland torow. The members gota zood senl & off, champagne, crowds, ovatfons, fowers, f“:“ soon. About nine wecks from now the B“:; oarsmen will be on their road home, and 38 m:% the Captain if he can’t stop the steamer 0% e of Sandy Hook till it gets dusk, and them into New York harbor with false lights. ——————— To the Editor of The Tribune. - CHICAGD, llny‘ 2.': —DId WILLIAX C“’"'d"::fl with the HEss opcra troupe last weason, 410 L he take the part of Fra Dwarolo in that SPG when they played it at liooley's last winteft g angweriug in_yaar Sunday edition the nlfi;& b will greatly oblige yours, otc., J- Fo ‘;pfl Mr. CASTLE sang here with the 1f£ss tro last winter, and sang the role of Fra Diavo Fifty-nine Generals will appear in on® dlflr:: fon of the procession at New York on %&C“ tion-Day. It will be very much like s Demo” cratic Convention fn a Southern State. ————— In view of the recent Brow seandal at L::; ington, Ky., it would seem as if it would m;,‘t e a bad thing for racing o Amerh:lAfl some 0! men now on the turf were under it- hsptithimidubate The ex-Sultan MuraD'S friends ase making very li-adviswd demonstrations i X aptiong ; s is favori - st s01d ore3 Th Lot eder 0 P ghtio New of 8 ored char 105+ her’ PO G- o3