Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, October 7, 1877, Page 4

THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1 s sl e Africa would draw off the surplus lsboring S77—SIXTEEN PAGES grodunlly declining, because of the loss of that preceded the ontbreak of the conflict, Ty Thye Tribnue. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. IT MAIL—IN ADVANCE—TOSTAGE PREPATD. ipucs coples seat e, 7o prevest delay aud mistak: o e padress n full, tacladie, Teemittances may be made elther by draft. express, Fost-Otfice arder, orin registered letters, at our Thi. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIDERS. Py, delivered, Sw Ly, detivered, Su Addrers TH Caruer Madfson snd Ik Orders for the delivery of Englewood, and liyde Park Jeft {n:the countlng-room Nelll receive Doy ‘e sare ond wive Post te and County. J. R DUNLOP, Recorder. DERY, NO. 35, K. T.— i ct. 9, at 7 L istuing Sir 0. €9, R. A ening, OCi. 8. 1y order AWFORD, 15 T LAFAYETTE CHArTI Morroe-st.—stated C ¥, for husiness and worl grees rder of SUNDAY, OCTOBER 7, 1877 CHICAGO MARKET SUMMARY. The Chicago produce markets were moderately ective Saturdsy and irresmlar. Mess pork closed 10@25¢ per brl lower, at S14.75 cash, and $12.873¢ 12,90 foranuary. Lard closed steaay, st $8.65 per 100 s cash and §8.:058.3215 for January. Sfeats were ficmn, at Giic per 1b for loose shoulders 7nd te for Goshortribs. Luke freigits were lessact- i mer, at Gc for wheat to Buffalo, High- e unchanged, at S1.08 per gallon. Flour uict and Grm. Wheat closed 1izc higher, at £1.01; for October and $1.07Y for Novemoer. Corn ciosed quiet, at 42%c cash and 424c for Oufs ed L@l:c lower, at 42 aud 23Yc for November. Rye was steady 5%tic. Barley closed lc lower, st 60@60ic cash and G2c for November. Kogs were irregular 00. Catile wol heep dull at §: 0. There was o store in this city yesterday 479 cars Wwheat, 316 carsand 28,400 bu corn. 71 oate. cars 17 cars rye, and 125 cars barler. Tatal (1,000 cars), 414,0005u. Onc buncred dollars in gold would buy $102. in greenbacksat the close. e In New York on Saturday the greenback cepresented 973@97} cents on the dollar. In n Canadian dispatch are given the d&;— {ails of the new extradition trcaty between Great Britain and Belginm, which treaty will- make the State Savings depositor's mouth water os he thinks of Spescer and the im- probobility of his return under the fecble extradition acts to which the United States Government is party. The Hon. Canten Harznisox addressed his constitucnts last might st the West Side Tumer-Hnll. The audience, consisting chiefly of Demoerats, was 1 good-sized one. Mr. Havrisox reiterated his often-expressed ~iews in favor of the repeal of the Resump- tion nct and the remonetization of silver, and they wre received with evident favor by his hegrers. Senntor Parreesoy, of Somth Carolina, was arrested last night in ‘Washington on a warrent based upon the indictment found sgainst him for fraud. Hearing -that the mivions of the law were zfter him, the astate law-maker skipped out of the District and remained in maiden meditation while the papers necessary for a habeas corpus de- livery out of tho hands of the Thilistines wesp-in preparation. Everything in readi- ness, he returned to tho scenes of his Sen- atorial lnbors, and the werrant and habeas corpus wero served togetber. The matter will be Drought to a hearing on the 17th of 1his montk. At the mecting of the Republican County Central Cominittee yesterday it was decided 1o held the Convention on the 23d ivst. This means 2 short, vigorous, and doubtless successful campeign. It was also wisely de- cided by theCommittee to do what it could to hinve tie Judges nominated first and then {he Connty Commissioners. It has been the castom to postpone these Commissioner nominntions to the last moment, when the delegutes were leaving, and the Conveation. . huaif indisorder, was jnveded by outsiders, wito were frequently able to foree the selec- tion of improper men. Tkis year the per- sons eclepted for the legislative branch of tho County Government will doubtless be care- fuily aud judiciously chosen. A mingnificently-sensationai dispatch, work cdup in the iwterest of anarchy snd carnage, relutes that the Mexicaas have crossed the border, £ud, entering the Town of Ysleta, captured the whole outfit, and bound & most nob'e ond upright Judge with ropes: P Smesipay, after o careful survey by tele- b, tiuds nwoful lack of bottom to the The row arose out of some diffi- salt, ond a number of Grensers, all belonging on the Texss side of the line, entered upon a purely personal and unjust to Mr. R1orpax to keep him out of his seat if he was clected ; and it is pretty certain that he is about the Dbest man that could be elected from thet particular ward, aud would act and vote with the Lonest and sensible men in the Council. It is proper, therefore, that there be no more shirking in the matter, but that the case be disposed of by definite action at the first opportunity. The base-ball season is at an end, and the Chicago veternn club is at the foot of the list. Itis useless to speculate on the causes which Jed to this melancholy result. Al that can bo done is to bow in meek submission to the inscratable decrees of Providence. It is a comfort to reflect, howerer, that this de- feat has not increased taxation, diminished the sizo of the beer-mug, had a bad effect on real esiate, hurt the business of the city, or added to the emigration to foreign parts. For which mercies let us be duly grateful. The Chicago Times is finical in its tastes for correct grammar; and this fact may serve to explain the following sentence, taken from an editorial article in yesterday’s issue of thet paper: 1t i the CARRIE CHALLENGERS who do not com- mit suicide that drop into the mit of the demi- monde,—the girls who are left dependent on them- selves, having previously been maintainzd inde- pendent by the vrofita of a father's business or pro- fession, and who, after failure. or discasc, dieas- ter, or death, overtakes him, find themselves on the world helpless by reason of their ignorance, There are other gems almost as pure in the samo article; indeed, the cultivated per- sons who write the editorials of the Z'imes are as refined in words as they ave in senti- ments. Their grammar is delicious. No other newspaper that we are aware of per- ceives and embalms the subtle charm of ‘‘on yesterday,” *‘on to-morrow,” etc.; and Do- Shero else is there set so noble an example of purity, propriety, and precision s incal- cated by the best tenchers of rhetoric. The indications are that the so-called Citi- zens’ Committce, intrusted by the conference of citizens with the duty of selecting candi- dates for the County Board, contemplate Lim- jting their suggestions to five persons,—just the number of Commissioners to be clected. If they persist in this course, they will sim- ply do mischief and no good. It is absurd to expect that all the party conventions will accept this dictation, and it is not likely that any one of the conventions will consent fo nominata five persons thus suggested, a part of whom will be Democrats sud o part of them Republicans. If the conclave of citi- zens propose to run their five candidates, re- gardless of the action of the regular conven- tions, the most they can accomplish will be to divide up tho respectable and taxpaying vote, and thus make possible the election of objectionable men who might oth- erwise be defeated. The situation is too grave and the necessity too urgent for sccur- ing sble and honest men for all five vacan- cies in the County Board to take any such risk; and if the citizens who have met to- gother persist in this course the integrity of their motives may well be doubted. We have already pointed out to them how they may be of practicsl assistance to the cause of reform. By suggesting the names of, say, twenty-five men, about equally divided between Democrats and Republicans, all of whom shall command universal confidence, they may prevail upon the different conven- tions to select their candidates from this list, according to political preferences. In that case the success of either party would secure proper men for the Connty Board. But it is too much like *runninga corner” on the Board for twenty or thirty citizens to get together and nominate five men for the five vacancies. 'Twenty or thirly other Titizens might do the same thing with equal right and force, and sach action will only jeopard- ize the interests of the taxpayers. ——eeen THE REPUBLICAN COUNTY CONVENTION. A very good suggestion has been made for the purpose of reversing the usual order of nominations in the Republican County Con- vention this fall. Itis proposed, instead of nominating County Treasurer, County Clerk, and so on, leaving the Judges and County Commissionera to the last, that the Judges gnd Commissioners be nominated first and the other officers afterwards. Theadvantage of this procedure is obvious. The positions of Treasurer and Clerk, being the most re- munerative and desirable, cxcite the live- liest competition and the greatest personal interest, while those of Judges and Commis- sioners are recognized 25 being of greater importance to the general public welfare. It is probable that this year there will be even & more pronounced rivalry than usual for the nominations for Treasurer and Clerk, and it isnot untikely that the Convention will bo di- vided into strong personal factions over these positions. If the spirit of contention shall become fierco in the early part of the Con- vention, it will also extend to the other pominations. Bat it is essentially important that no persoual strife shall determine the nominations for Judges and Commissioners, but that the spirit of harmony, sentiment of concession, snd consideration of the public welfare shall govern the choice of men who shall administer the public justice and public mbneys of the county. To ossure such wisdom in choice it will be necessery to dis- pose of these places before the Convention can be divided into factions over personal claims. As the most important of the public places to be filled, the nominations for Judges and Commissioners should properly iake precedence. In considering the work the Couaty Con- vention will be called upon to do this fall, the first thing to be kept in mind is that a nominetion is by no means equivalent to clection. The success of the Republican ticket will depend entirely apon its character. non-political fist-fight, utterly without—as Mr. Cassrus 3. Cray expresses it—*‘ preju- dice os to color.” The *“On-to-Mexico” party will find but little capital in this de- ypariure, which is merely a home effort on the part of two factions to catch each other in the proverbial fashion. It is strange that the Council neglects to take action in regard to the vacancy from tho Seventsh Ward. It was promptly and properly decided that Hruorern was not en- titled to the seat to which he claimed to have ‘been elected ; he was ineligible by reason of Lis self-confessed condition as a criminal - agnins the laws of the United States. But witerwards o doubt wes raised whether he Led ever received a majority of the lawful votes in his ward, and an investigation by the Election Committee ascertsined s suf- ficient nomber of fraudulent votes for Hriprers, and lawial votes for Riorpax not previously counted, to entitle the latter io the vacant piace. We do not under- stapd why this report is not made to the Council and acted upon. It is certainly unfair to deprive the ward of its proper representation; it is unwise to subject the people of that ward to the trouble and cost of a special election, if Mr. Riozpax re- ceived a majority of the lawfal votes; itis If all the condidates shall commend them- sclves to the people as the proper men for the places they seek, the entire ticket may be elected ; if all the candidates shall im- press the public as unfit or doubiful men, then the entire ticket will probably be de- fested; if o number of the candidates are good men and a number bed men, a part of the ticket will probably be elected, and a part of it certainiy defeated. The prepon- derance of public sentiment is in favor- of the election of the best men for the coanty offices, no matter what ticket, or conveution, or party shall present them. This fact may be easily verified by talking with men outside of the activelocal politicinns and their hench- men. It is further attested by the senti- ment that shall govern Taz TRIBUNE in the contest, which gives warning now that it will not lend its support to a candidate for any county office, and particularly the office of Cou}:ty Commissioner, who shall not com- mand its respect and confidence at the very mention of his name. ‘We believe that every other Republican newspaper in the city will be nf!n.uted by the same motives. The ne- cessity for reforming county affairs is too urgent to be subordinated to any party pref- erences. We have refraincd from advoeat- ing the claims of any of the aspirants, be- cause we desire to avoid even the impression of having 2n interest in any particular per- son or persons. Tmg TRIDUNE does nob de- sire to dictaie n single pomination, but it demands squarely that oll- the nominations shall be unexceptionable asa basis for itssup- port of the ticket. One or two circumstances will illustrate the effect which this prevailing sentiment is sure to have on the result of the election. A couple of years ago the Democrats elected their candidate for City Treasarer by & large majority, though the Republican. ticket asa wholewas successful. A yearago the Demo- cratselected their candidate for Sheriff, while the Republicans elected their candidates for State's Attorney ond other positions. These are indications of the average disposition nowadays to voto independently in local elections, and to choose the mnn in each case who is thought to be best fitted for the office. for which ho is o candidate. But there is another circumstance, to which we direct the attention of a number of gentle- men who are making desperate personal of- forts to secure their own nominstion by the Tepublican Convention, viz: Mr. TupEy last year carried Cook County Dby over 3,000 majority, and the Democratic candidate for Governor by over 1,000 ma- jority. “This fact shows that o Republican nominution is by no means equivalent to an clection; sud the candidates who are seekinzy to force themselves upon tho Convention, if they shall be successful, may simply drag down the Republican party and insure their own defeat. On mere party grounds, there is certainly more promise of Republican success this fall than there was a yeer ago,—partly on account of the excellent influenco of Presi- dent Haves' Administration, partly because it was the Jocal Republican organization that reformed city affairs, aud partly be- cause the Democrats are inclined to make common cause with the Communists and give them representatives among the County Commissioners. Dut theseadvantages will connt for nothing in the faco of a weak or objectionable ticket. The taxpayers and good citizens who are interested in securing a reform of county affairs must not forget that their success will depend more upon their activity at the primsries than at the polls. To secure a good ticket it will be necessary to secure a good Convention; and to secure a good Convention it will be nec- essary to put in & large sttendance at the primaries, rout the cliques that will b found there in the interest of the various sclf-con- stituted candidates, and elect as delegates men of good character and judgment, who are not committed to any cardidate for any office, but who will be governed in the Con- vention solely by considerations of the public welfare. We warn the pablic that in this way along can the Republicsn party be mado the sgent for reforming county abuses. Pl VALVATIONTND TAXATION OF CHICAGD PROPERTY. . The State Board of Equalizstion finished its labors last weck, with resulls relatively moro favorable to Cook County than usual, and decidedly fairer to those who happen to do business under the name and style of a corporation. For these resuits we think Messrs. Roor, Crase, and NiezorF, the mem- bers from Cook County, are entitled to a large share of the credit. They met the country members in a concilintory spirit, which found & response in the disposition to treat Cook County and the corporations more fairly than Inst year. The additions to val- uations wera very decided,—the personal property valuntion beifig increased 57 per cent, the lauds outsids the city limits 63 per cent, and the city lots 35 per cent,—or an aversge increaso of 51 per cent. DBut, relatively, the increass was about 16 per cent less than last year. The improvement shows some slight disposition on the part of the country members to abandon the notion, which has prevailed so many years, to the effect that Cook County wos a fat goose, to be plucked for the benefit of the rest of the State. The Beard also took s new departure in constraing the law for the taxation of rail- rond eapitel stock. Heretoforo the practice has been to estimate the value of tangible property on some common basis, as if weigh- ed or mensured, whereby an equal smount of railroad iron on a prosperous road and on a bankrupt road would be valmed at the same figare; this valuation of the tangible property - was then deducted from the assessed value of tho capital stock and an additional tax levied on the difference. The new process has been to value the tengible property at what it is actually worth in the place where it is found and under the uses actually made of it; the aggregate thus as- certained was then compared with the mar- et velne of the capital stock, representing the investment in tangible property, and in nearly all cases it bas been found that the actual market value of the capital stock was about equal to the nggregate value of the tangible property. The consequence 15 that railroad property has escaped double taxa- tion. 'The benefit of this nmew system is that the railroads will pay as large a tax as before, if not larger, but will have no provocation to resist and litigate the matter in court on account of the taxation of capital stock in addition to the tapgible property. The snme system has been followed in the valuation of other corporations, except in those cases whero n franchise carries with it a monopoly, as in the ‘case of a strect rail- rond or o gns company, which gives it a special valuo over and above tho tangible property owned by the corporation. As a rule, however, the State Board this year has proceeded upon the principle that a franchise nnturally attaches itself and becomes o part of the tangible property which it covers, and, in taxing the latter, tho former-is taxed at tho some time. This is the true principle, aud a proper coustruction of the law. The completion of the State Board’s equalization enables tho estimate of the rate of tasation which Chicago property-owners will have to pay this year.” The total valua- tion of real and personal property within the city limits is 128,002,857, and the valua- tion of corporations and railronds will proba- bly bring it up to about $120,000,000. The tax levied by the city is $4,026,642, which will make therate of the city tax about 3.09 per cent. The valuation of all city property last year was $168,033,178 and the tax-levy 54,046,805, making the rate 2.40 per cent. The following table will show approximately the aggregate rate of all taxes—eity, county, State, and park—for this year as compared with last year's rate: 4 1577, 7, City taxes. 3,00 k1 State tax...... 2 «28 Park (averaze) 0 19 County.e- o 3 5 440 It will be seen by this that the owner of Chiengo property will be called upon to pay nlittle less than 4} per cent on the official valustion this year as against a little more than 3} per cent last year. This increase in rate, however, does not représent an actual increase in taxation, but is dus to the shrinkage in valugs, ns shown by the fact that Chicago praperty valued at $168,000,000 1ast yenr is valuegd ab $130,000,000 this year, or decrease of 35,000,000 The city and county tax are.materislly the same,—the former o little Jess and the latter o little more. But the difference in tho rato still shows “that taxes have not diminished in proportion to the nckuow!edfv}ed shrinkage of values, as prudent economists will hold they should, and that they aro relatively almost 1 per cont higher than they onght to be. This is mainly owing to the cost of maintaining the loeal Governments, city and county; for the State tax is uai portant (being $3,000,000 for the entire State, or about 33 cents on $100 of valua- tion), and the park tnxes comparatively small. Tho City Council did not succeed, however, in reducing this year's levy much below last year's, which was over £1,000,000 less than the levy of the year before, and tho County Board exacts the fnll constitu- tional limit of 75 cents on $100, ns it will continue to do so Jong as the present Ring is permitted to run connty nffairs. SYMPATAY WITH CRIMINALS. The maudlin sympathy which exists in every community in gresler or less degreo for noted criminals is illustrated in a com- munication to the Now York Graphic, written Dby a personal friend of Wizrradx C. GILMAN, the stock-broker, whose forgeries amount to about half a million of dollars. The writer pours ont his soul in sympathy for his friend, and secks to gloss over his crimes by draw- ing a beautaful picture of his daily life. Ho sets ont with the gencral declaration that all great forgers, from Dr. Dop down to Wiz 1ax C. Gmany, are usually ‘“gentle and engeging criminals.” This being the case, we are not surprised to learn that *‘if there ever was a person born into this hard world +with tho tastes and instincts of a gentleman, that person was Wimax C. Graax”; that ““his aspirations for the artis- tically beeutiful were boundless and exacting; that his disposition was so amiable and gentle that he wished to include sll people whom he loved, and they were many, in the circle of those who were to enjoy what he enjoyed,—a diffusive, hos- pitable soul. Ina good sense, alieni appe- tens, sui profusus. During the time of his forgeries we are informed that daily, month- 1y, yearly, the man’s distress became 1ore and more terrible. This was obvious to his intimates, but the why and wherefore of his snffering remained concealed. Cuusalatet i3 est notiesima.” The maudlin friend of Mr. Wizrnar C. Ginaay completes his handsome coat of Anglo-Latin vencering as follows = There 18 Jittle more for the public to learn about Wieniax C. Giuxay. Ile betook himself to the fascinating crime of forgery becanse oniy in this crime did he see the means of compelling society to recogmize hls demands. That these demands \ere not legitimate, that his offense was great.nre traisma which cannot be opposed. But the man is explaincd. and, although we may none the less con- demn, we may to & certain extent forgive. Now. what does all this mean? Simply that Mr. Gramx could ““smile and smile and be a villain.” If his friend had written his tribute truthfully he would have said something to this effect: *‘If ever there was a person born into this world with the tastes and instincts of a gentleman, that per- son was WiLrtadr C. G, and if ever there was a person who completely dis- groced and belied the tastes and instincts with which he was born, it was this same Wineiax C. Grany, for he was.born a gen- tleman and tarned out o scoundrel. Iis as- pirations for the artistically beautiful were bonndless and exacting; so much so, in fact, thatit was only possible to gratify them by the poble art of forgery. His disposition was so amiablo and gentle that he wished all people whom he loved to help him enjoy what he stole from his associates inbusiness. He was o diffusive, hospitable soul so long as the largess which he bestowed was filched from other people’s pockets. He betook himself to the fascinating practice of raising 250 in scrip to $2,500 snd imitating other persons’ chirog- raphy at the bottom of checks and drafts because only in this way did he sce the menns of compelling society to recognize :mands. The maa is thus explained, ough we may condemn him. we may to a certain extent forgive him, but it will be lhard to forgive society, from whom ho stole. for not recognizing his beautiful, tender, and emotional nature, and his artistic aspirations. Ho should, however, go to the Penitentiary, Where, althongis the opportunities for a dif- fusive, hospitable soul are somewhat re- stricted, society will no longer be compelled to recognize his demands.” Any other view of Mr. GmMax's case is simply maudlin. His sympathizer in this instance béelongs to a class in socicty which secks to make forgery, and all that class of crimes, respectable. This sympathy with crime 18 the dry rot of socicty. It is slmost as bad as the crimo 1tself. The sympathizer js criminally guilty to the extent that his sympathy induces the criminal to violate the Inws; and if somo punishment could be de- vised for this clnss of sympathizers with scoundrels we should hear less of their depredations upon tho property of others. THE RESOURCES OF AFRICA. A visionary named Wazsoy has devised o scheme for the building of a railway in Africa. 'The Valley of the Niger seems to him just the spot for his purposes. Stretch- ing away for 4,000 miles, from the Atlentic to the Indian Ocean, there is a fertile belt from 400 to 1,000 miles in width, the re- sources of which are yet undeveloped. It embraces the famous Soudan country, which is said to be a land flowing with milk and loney; and the population of the wholo territory is roughly estimated at 50,000,000 of sonls. On the north is the Desert of Sahara, which, in spite of its manifold ter- rors, is still traversed by caravans bound to and from the Promised Land. Ox the sonth is the unknown region which Srtaxrex has of late domo so0 much to open up to esploration and commerce. From Monrovia, in Liberis, to Kano, the chief city of Soudnn, is a distance of 1,500 miles; be- yond, at the end of the route, lie Abyssinia and the Indian Ocean. *‘Whata country for a railrond,” reflected Mr. AvcusTus Watsos, as he studied the map aud read the descriptions of travelers; and forthwith there sprang from his head a *scheme,” fully equipped, for supplying the want of, the Africans and ‘‘developing the resqurces of the country.” MMr. Watsox asks the Con- gress of the United States to vote a subsidy of $50,000 for a preliminary survey of the proposed route. When this has been done, it will be comparatively an ensy matter to form a company with a guaranteed capital, and, no doubt, the procuring of land-grants from the primitive Legislatures®f the Soudap country will be a simple affair. i The arguments for the Niger Valley Rail- way are unanswerable. Mlr. Watsoy has not stated them clearly, and we propose to sup- ply the deficiencies he has left. In the firsii place, it is obvious that the building of n railway 2,000 miles long in the heart of population of the United States and give it Jucrative employment. Then: it would open the country to settlement, and render the Great Sahara rendy of access. We really do not see in what other way it will ba possible to bring that magnificent desert and its romadic tribes into close communications with the civilized world. Moreover, the building of this rond would be only an act of justice to the people of Central Africa. Thero is & Northern African Road and a Southern Africon Road, snd one section has no right to special advantages in preference to another. In short, there is not one argument to bo advanced in favor of our Southern Pacific Road that cannot be urged with equal force on behalf of the Niger Val- ley route; and we hope Mr. AvcusTus WAT- sox, who is the Toxt ScorT of the new enter- prise, will defeat any candidate for Speaker who will not consent to the proposed sub- sidy. . Whether Mr. Warsox's scheme succeeds at present or not, he would be a rash man who ghould venture to predict that it is imprac- {icable. When that country needs s rail- rond, and is able to pay for it the railroad will bo built withont legislative eid. Perhaps fifty years hence, possibly in less time, the ghrick of the iron horso will bo heard on the plains of the Soudan. The English are a wonderfully ad- venturous people. They have girdled Afrien about with their settlements. In their wake follow tho phlegmatic Germaus, who possess “ staying ” qualities -of a su- perior kind. 'They secure to England what the travelers of that country discover. Tle two nationalities constitute but one race, in its origin azd characteristics truly Teutonic, and they are every yeor, almost every aay, pushing tho limits of civilization farther along in the territory of Barbarism. These pioneers will not long leave the Soudan un- molested ; and when they find its maize, its cotton, tobncco, coffee, rice, and other prod- ucts in demand by the rest of the world, they will provide sufficient means to bring the common carrier into the heart of the continent. THE FALL TRADE IN CEICAGO. Never perhaps in the history of Chicago has this city contnined ot one time so many YVisitors os during the last twenty days. On many days the hotels of all grades, even those in the remote parts of the city, and the pri- vate boarding-houses, were crowded, most of them having to resort to placing cots in the halls; and the restaurants and dining- rooms wero packed to overflowing. The re- sources of the hackmen and livery-men were pushed to their utmost to furnish transpor- tation, and the parks and boulevards wero crowded ns they have never been before. Tho weather was charming, and the whole city presented a scene of activity snd ani- mation which was extraordinary even in Chicago. The West—from Dnkota and Wyoming to Kansas and Arkansas, ond all the intermediate States—was represented here, not merely by visitors sceking plessure, but mostly by traders and dealers. The wholesale trade which began in August and las kept up with greatly-increased vigor has during tho last twenty days largely exceeded, in the amount and value of goods sold, as well as in the number of purchasers, the trade of any month in this city in any former year. The area of territory from which these purchasers came embraced the whole North- western States and Territories, and various parts of Kentucky and Tennessee. They embraced dealers in nll descriptions of goods,—dry goods, millinery, and fancy articles, groceries, woolen cioths and blank- ets, glass and crockery, paints and oils, corpots ond oil-cloths, and upholstery goods of all kinds, boots and shoes, hats, furs, and robes, clothing, men’s and women’s underwear, jewelry, plated-ware, clocks and watches, furniture, wooden and basket ware, hardsware in all 1ts branches, tools and imple- ments, pianos and other musical instruments, lamber, hard coal, selections of books and, music for family use, etc. Tho increase of sales was confined to po line of trade, and the buyers who had never purchased hero before represented all branches of business. The sceret of this revival and expansion of trade is the fact that tho whole ares of country tributary to Chieago is filled witk money, or the equivalents of money. There has been an unexampled general crop, the land is filled with grain, and the live-stock prod- et will in due season be as generous as the yield of grain. There is a market for all this crop,—for every bushel of grain and for every pound of beef snd pork. After feed- ing the country liberally, there will be a vast surplus to sell to other lands; nota grain will be lost—there is & market waiting for all thero is to spare. Thus enriched by a prolific production, with a ready market for its sale, the agricultural community have the means to purchase liberally of all things which they need and which they do not produce. For their farms they can obtain everything needed for enlarged cultivation and greater productions. For their homes they can purchase all things nceded to increaso tha comforts and conveniences of their families ; new builcings can be erected and furnished, new fences, barns, and cribs can be built, additional stock can be obtained, dwellings can be repainted, new carpets and furniture can be bought, and homes can be made more comfortable, beautiful, and complete. As an indication of the general prosperity, and the improved condition of the country surrounding Chicago, it may be added that during September and the first week of. Oc- tober several hundred bridal parties from the country came to Chicago to spend their honeymoon. ‘This is certainly o promising sign of the revival of business. The prosperity of the agricultural popula- tion is in strong contrast with* that of the mechanical and manufacturing population ; the one hes produced quantities and values never previously cqualed, and has a market for their sale. The other has worked on limited time, with a reduced number of oper- atives, and produced much less than usual, but still in excess.of the demand. Its mar- ket is limited. After supplying the neigh- borhood, its business is ended. While tho agricultusist has a market of forty-three millions of people at home, be has in addi- tion the markets of the world for all his sur- plus. The manufacturer, however, must buy and sell at his own door. His custom- ers are his own neighbors; if he produces more than they want, the surplus is a loss. The fact that there is no employment, and conse8uently no wages, for one-third of the workmen of that branch, reduces the means of those who should bs consumers. The idleness of forges, mills, and factories re- duces the demand for cosl, and machinery, and transportation, thercby reducing the number of persons earning wages in all those and kindred brauches of labor, and eachsuspension of wages or employmenttakes away from the general public the means of purchasing the products of the manufac- turers, In this way the home market is L wages, which are the only meons of purchas- ing. If, however, tha manufacturers were emancipnted ; if, like the farmers, they were freo to produce all they could; if they could employ ail the capital, and machinery, and labor they could command, so that, like the farmers, they could supply the country with all that was needed for home consumption, and then have from one hundred millions to four hundred millions of dollars of products to sell to other people in other lands, then their surplus products, like those of the farmers, would mark their prosperity. It thus emancipated,—freed from the legal restrictions which compel them to produce only for a limited market snd fora popula- tion largely out of employment,—they could farnish work and wages.for all the Inbor that offered, they would clothe and feed the hundreds of thousands who are now idle; they, would put money into.the hands of millions who _notv have none with which to buy their products, thus increasing the home consumption, and of course the home market. Nature has been bountiful to the American people. She has blessed us with every va- riety of soil aud varied degrees of tempera- ture, capable of producing not only food and frnits, but nearly all the raw materials nsed jn manufactures. We have vast deposits of minerals, including the precious metals; we have inexhaustible cosl-ficlds and vast for- ests; we have a thorough system of trans- portation. With cheap food, abundant fuel, 21l the raw matorials, and skilled labor, why should we not combine these and manufac- ture goods without reference to geographieal lines and political boundaries? Why shonld we limit our sales to this country? Why not produce, everything that our lzbor can fashion out of our materials, and with our 1machinery, and sell it wherever we can find 2 purchaser? Let those who witness the comparative condition of the agricultural and of the manufacturing populations find therein o striking exhibit of the impoverish- ing policy of restricting Inbor, under the frandulent pretext of protecting it. pusthnibls i % THE ELECTION IN FRANCE. One week from to-day & new Assembly will be chosen in France. Since the dissolu- tion in June the conntry has been in a fer- ment, and as the day approaches the excite- ment. incresses. Popular feeling probably runs higher in France than it did in the TUnited States just before our last Presi- dential clection. The situation there js even more critical than was the situation during the sitting of the Electoral Commission here. On the one side are President Maclamox and his Cabinet, suilen, obstinate, and un- scrupulous ; on the other, a large majority of the people of France, very cautious this time, but also, it may appear, very firm. The two perties confront each other as skilled combatants, each desiring to“know the other's strength, and each fearingtc pro- voke an exhibition of it. The Mavshal- President has, indeed, ventured farther in this direction than was patriotic or pru- dent. His manifesto was an aggravation of an injury already great enough. If it was intended, however, to drive the Republicans into indiscretion, it failed of its purpose. Their patience has been, in view of the his- tory of French revolutions, the most notice- able fact of the canvass. The gravity of the situation commends it to the attention of thoughtful men. The at- titude of the Marshal is so arrogant that & peaceful solution of the difficulties is all but impossible. - He will not resign, or rule ac- cording to constitutional methods, He de- mands as the price of his obedience to ¢ the will of the people” an Assembly organized ashe dictates. This is a contradiction in terms. The election of an Assembly such as he desires would not secure his obedience to the people, but the obedience of the peopie to him ; the nse of the phrass ¢ will of the people ” in such a connection is a mere finesse in expression. What the Marshal desires, he cannot have; what he can have, he rejects beforehand. He invites the al- ternative of a popular abdication of sovereign rights, or o coup d'etat: With a rashness which only a soldier-politician could con- ceive, he has made it impossible for either party to yield withont humiliation. If the Tepublicans return a small majority, he pro- poses to trample on and disregard it: if o large majority, he will undertake to change the Government in fact, if notin form. The Republicans, on the other hand, must pro- tect the rights of the majority, or confess that constitutional government has ceased to exist in France. 1 The oircumstances attending this canvass show that Marshal MacMamoy does not un- derstand the first principles of Republican institutions. ~While working throngh the forms adopted in free and enlightened En- gland,—such as a dissolution and a formal appeal to the people,—he hns used the methods of Centrnl Africa. His proceedings against GAMBETTA were tyrannical. His manifesto was an act of usurpation. His threat of violence was treason. This js not an Inffair for o plebiscite. The people are not asked to ratify a wrong aiready, consum- mated, but to acquiesce in one that is con- templated. Moreover, the question is mot solely one of constitutional interpretation. The supreme right of the people to have a representative Government is involved, and, if this is not conceded, the Constitution is not worth the paper it is written on. The commotion in France next Sunday will not, therefore, be without sufficient cause. The dey will decido the fate of the pation. The voting population is probably as large as our own, since the qualifications are less rigid and there are fewer forcigners in the conniry. The temper of the people will be tried severely after the result is known, and the conflict between the Execu- tive and the Legislature begins; but there is no reason why the election itself should not pass off quietly. TLocal dis- turbances, - however frequent, are not likely to bo serions. What the result will be no cautious observer will care at this dny to predict. Tho Republicans still boast occasionally that they will refurn 400, in place of the immortal 363; but they appear less confident now than at the moment of dissolution. While MacamoN’s proceedings against GayserTA have inflamed the residents of the cities, his quiet working through the Prefects has won over, it may be, a part of the country. The issue will be awaited not only with anxiety, but with curiosity; for the French system of suppressing intelli gence has left the world in darkness as to the relative strength of the parties in France. Mr. J. D. O’CoNNER, of this city, the suthor of that very interesting and valuable handbook of Turkey, which has been already noticed in Tue TRIBUKE, has just issued a second edition in very handsome book form, to which he has added ou entirely new chapter on the causes of the war, in which he goes over the whole ground in the most exkaustive manner, from the flrst mutterings of discontentdowntothedeclarations of war, Including in the sketch all the more im- portant. official dornments in the negotistions chapter makes the work complete, and, a3 ®e have said before, “Unquestionably, not ye since the breaking out of the war, hasso mygy valuable information been presented in 20 smay a compass.” ——————— It having been reported by the Madison e, respondent of the Times that Sepator Cay. ERON, of Wisconsin, is favoring LEwrs for United States Judge to succeed Judge Hop RINS, recently deceased, the Hon. Tmap g Pouxp, M. C. from the Eighth Wisconsin Dig. trict, now siopping at the Tremont House, tely. graphed Senator CAMERON ssking if Judg Buxy had withdrawn from the eandidacy, ang received the answer that hie had not withdrasy, but had conceded to the demand of the By, and had promised to remose to Madison if nere, ceived the appointmeat. His appointment hgy becn recommended by Senator CAMERON ang Representatives PouND and HeMPnrer, ang aiso commands the highest aporobation of th Bar of the State. ———— The zirl who purloined the affections of Jomy W. YOUNG, the third son of the late Prophet and one of the Twelve Apostles, is nameq LueLa Cops. She was a step-daughter of Brigaayx. The Salt Lake dispatch says that after the Apostle and his cobcubine arrived a; the Capital of the Saints they reroained conceal ed for & fow davs, fearine arrest. As soon g Joux became aware of the fact that no warrant was out for him *““the Apostic showed bimself to his friends, zd during the afternovn the Conp girl promenaded the street with her ‘hus. band’ in the Mormon faith. She seemed quite contented and rather proud of her choice and the marked attention she was attracting.” e e— A very brief London cablegram a day or two ago anpounced that “a dispatch from St Petersburg says a terrible accident occurred to 2 railway convoy of seven wazons which was crossing the River Don. The train contained g large number of Abkbasian prisoners who were chained together, and trere beingtransported to Siberia. Four -hundred of them were lost.” This awful eatastrophe scarcely excited a pass- fng remark, because it was so faraway. Had an accident causing such a loss happenedia this country it would have occasioned a thrill of horror. It is distance that belittles feclings of sadness and sympathy. ———— It is apparept that this ¢ going-abread® business bas 3 direct and definite bearing on home vpolitics. There are those who contend that Burgess GraNT, LL.D.,is the European candidate for President of the United States in 1880. Tilden has come back with vigorous aspirations for a Scoatorship. Toy HENDRICES went to get over his notion that he could pick bis oflice, and is on his way home willing to take anything. McCLELLAN studied Holland with a ‘yiew to the improvement of the “Jersey Flats,” but none of them was as wise 8s OAKEY HaLt, who istabout completing a course of -study that makes Inm invincible as a * dark horse.” ————— The bell-punch continues to work well in Rich- mond, Va., for the collection of revemue. A New Orleans paper remarks: he appilcation of the bell-panch to the cotlee- tion of 4 tax on the sale of hiquor by retailis an pesiment more in the line of Yankee inzenuity than of the conrervatism of ol V ia. but it isan ex- periment thet ia is try’ i cess. The record of the first bhaif month of tho vell-punch’s existence in Richmond bar-1ong.s shows that a min has been struck that onzht topla-a repadiation out of the question. althouzh it ~»2s not speak very well for the sovriets of the poo The beli-punch till has a wide field of nseful before it, o8 lczizlators in other debt-ridden M will be guick —— e —— A meeting of merchapts, property-owners, ete., is to be held Tuesday evening at the Board of Trade Hall to devise ways and means to re- lieve the Second Resiment, I. N. G., of itspe- cuniary troubles. The record made by this or- anization during the July riots was such as to win for it the confidence and respect of all Chi- cagoans. Our citizens can find no better way of paying their indebtedness to the Sccond than by helping to {rec it from tue debt which has haw- pered it so grievously and interfered so much with its complete success. ———— The statistics of the Military Prison at Ober- aus, in Bavaria, contain some curious informa- tion as to the eapacity of the® Bavarian sullicr forbeer. One. an artilleryman, who was dis- charged for lung disease, said that twenty quarts. did not exactly hurt himn. A sccond, a imason by profession, said: ** I never count up to more than ten or twelve quarts, but after that it roes quickly;"” and a third was of opinion that, if he could get it, he would drink twenty-cizht quarts a day, and not feel it —————— After paying out about $100,000 the run on the German Savings Bank has ccased. Friduy thirty-four new accounts were opened, and vesterday seventy-one new baoks were issued, all at the new 43¢ per cent rate of intercst. This rate the baok can atford to pay and make alit- tle profit. ———— Couwr grinned complacently when his friends in Columbus offcred him a farewel! banquet, and said he could get along with a Sandwich. ———— Ohto Democrats will not boast so blataatly that their'sis the * Pivotal State™ when the Republicans sock it to them this week. ——————— The fluctuating condition of Mr. TILDEN'S health suggests his eligibility to the Puapul throne when the Pope resigns. ‘We feel justitied in deoying the rumor that CoNELING will marry GaiL HAMILTON. ——— Favorite oath of the Democratic candidates for Speakership, * Great Scorr!” —————— PERSONAL. A correspondent of the Toledo Blade says that Gail Hamilton is fair, with yellowish-brown hanging carls. She dresses very richly, and some- what pecaliarly. In her youth she was indifferent to dress, but now she is getting dandified. A writer in the Zattler says: *“I met Georze Cruikshank tire day of M. Thiers® funeral. *Another of your gencration gone,' § remarked. X0 business to have died.” oromptly replicd the veteran. *Why, he was a mere boy to me.'” The reason why Saxe-Holm disowns her- self has beea discovered by the Springdeld Repud- lican. She wrote in one of her stories: ** Women have a_perpetmil crasing to be recognized, to be admired; and a larze part of their ccaseless chat- ter is no more or less than a sarface device to csll | your attention to them, as littie children con- tinually pull yonr gown to make yoa look at them.” The author of this statement may well seck to pre- serve her incognito. Heary James, Jr., is about 36 or 38, a dc= cided blonde. of medinm height, rather stout, En- ghah in appearance, manners, and mode of speech, as 50 mony residents of Camuridge are. He i3 ex- tremely partial to England and the English, and creates a good deal of prejudice against himsclf by appearing to undervaige, if not to despise, his ovn country. Thisis not true, for he admires and loves America, but he has an unfortunate way of evinc- ing bis attachment. Olive Logan says the Princess of Wales is exceedingly gentle and pretty, and she smiles as frequently as & pleascd school-girl, yet occasion- ally an anxious and nervous expresxion flits across her conntenance s if she were enduring sudden and acute pain. Her hair is of a pretty chestout- brown, and is very skillfully dressed in a style that was invented for her, and for a long time worn by no one but her. A large false plece covers the whole top of her head, and from the forehead backward is one mass of tiny curls and dainty puffa: at the back the usual plaits or puffs sinish the coiffare. Prof. A. Oppenheim, a well-known Ger- man chemist, died recently at Hastings. His wife, who bad come with the deceased to this watering- place for the bencfit of her health, expired on Mon- day morning. Immediately upon her ceath, Prof. Oppenheim locked himself up with the body anl was soon afterwards found lifeless on the fofa. A post-mortem examination showed that death had been causcd by prussic acid, Prof. Oppenheim, who hed only recently been appointed to the Chaic of Chemistry in the Academy at Munster, West- phalia, was distinguished by his rescarches in or- ganic chemistry. His loss will be felt equally by his fellow-workers and personal friends, 9