Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 11, 1876, Page 9

* looked tho distribution of the succor ho had "L RS ofr of Dr. Samuel C. Mm:—‘iowe, by His Widow. i Carcer of & Dist':inguished %3 American Philan- thropist. ’ e ndic Sngas - Around the B World---History and Arehitecture. sirisn Sport of Asintio No- wz,mdg-'l‘he Oamel---Educa~ tional Notes. of the House=Fly===Rus= Explorations in Cen« tral Asia. The Life sian LITERATURE. CHUSETTS PHILAN- i ”Ass‘,l‘.“m",,rs ity mows: 5A L a lg*g’.'.“”f{'vm.' A Other Measoctal st 8 vo.. pp. 127. Homtan: Published Td&‘ellnwa alcmorlnICnmmlllec. Price: Mus- l‘l’u. $1.60; paver, 81 Yo this little volume we hiave the outlines of {be llfe of une who grandly fulfiiled the duty of 0f one overwlm:t: 'gruvuftlmt lalmplc.- 1ay be passed which vounfers the no- ;;:x‘:n!‘:v\":n{ Iorv the hizhest ambitlon: *“flo has leftthe world better than he found ft.” Not ouly bis example and s {nfluence, but his schlesements, mellorated his race; and, for all ¢, the affllcted classes bereft of slght, of heaing, of ntellcet, will ook bnck o bis name ith reserent gratitude; while those endowed with the fult measure of Heaven's gilts to man- sipdwitl find In his memory 4 stimulus to unsel- 4 and herole endeavor fn every cause that {8 pare, sad lofty, and philanthrople, Dr. lowe was bom In Boston, Nov, 10, 1801, Hiscarly oducation was received ot the Boston Latin S¢hool; and the higher course was takoen s Drovn University, whers lie gradunted in 191, fle chose medicine for his professlon; batyafter quallfying himeell and buing admit- {ed fo practice, ho resigned the prospects opon- jogtobim fu this dircction, and callsted with enthuelasm fu the cause of the Greeks, then en- {na natfonal revolution. Ile juined thelr yroy {n the Peloponnesus, In the capacity of sargeon; but it was fnono of the darkest days that had dawned upon Ureece, und her enecinles npidly subducd all systematle opposition In the quuter where Iowe bad taken up ors fu her defense. Ina letter dated after the disorgani- utlon of the regular troops, he writes: I folnedone of the smail guerrilla bands that hung sbout the encmy, doing all the liarm they could, | wuld be of little or no usc as eurgeon, al was egpected to divide my atten- ton _ between killlng Turks, help- ng Grecks, and taking care of myself,” o] was naturally very hardy, aetive, and tuugh, and soon hecamo cqual to any of the mountaln-coldlery in capacity for cudirance of fatlgne, hunger, and ‘watchfuluess. I could amymy gunand heavy belt with yatogmn nnd sletols,"all day Jougg, ‘clnmbering among the nuuntaiu-prss atildl eat sorrel and snu 18, or gowlthont auything; nnd ot night 1le down on theground with only my shaggy capote, aud tleep like a log," Fur ix years Dr, Howe scrved as u soldler on the tattle-olalns of Greeee, and then, urged by the tarvatlon’ impending over the people, tursed to Amcrfea to solicit rellel for their necessities. 1le suceoeded i collecting In Dos- ton and its vicloity $60,000, together with o fluu.mmml of clothfug. Investing the money rovislons, lic azzaln went Lo Greece, and, o tatlishing imain depot at_ £ging, himsclf ov ama. flme brought. In 1828 hie Puhllnhfll ‘A History of the Gireck Revolution,” und shiortly after cane bak to his uative country, ¥ e now found bis friesl, Dr. John D. Fisher, devoted to the benevolent object of educating the Wind. As yet there was no fustitution in our land where this unfortunate class could re- lse tho benelits of {nstruction.- Speedily In- trested I the new philanthropy, Dr. Hows agin vhited Enrope for the purpose of study- Ing the aystem of management pursued in the &dools G0y the Blind In_Pans and Berlin, During thig' sojourn on the Continent, s sym- Luhlulmmllud him to some nvtlve cifor(s in If of the Poles, then In revolt ngzalnst Rus- and, being deteeted fn conveying supplles to Foland, he was fmprisoned for lx weeks in Ber- lin~galuing bis liberty only after 1 (00 miles journey [ carrluge with two gendaries, who transported hitn beyond the Kussion frontier, sod]eft Tim with thio ln}mml[un never to poss Ler boundurs-liie fu the future, Ll!y tue elfurts of Dr., Fislier, un appropriation W bcen obtained In 1620 for L education of fnelluuchuncm Dlind; and, the year fullow- 8 dirter was procured Ineorporating tha Srobored fustitution. In 1832, Dr. Howe, once ;cnre i Boston, begran theexperfment of teach- ’E s tirst pupfls weve three children lie hnd lvh‘ud up i the streets, Thoso he tauiht for o WilleIn his father's house, but afferward re- tauved the sehiool to a ermall hired dwelilng, Oa E‘iln:uvlm. to this humble {nstitution, which . Ijustduulxlml its number of scholars, all 'Illl from the highwayw, Miss E. Penbody Iwelu afriend: "+ ITe hud then been ahout rl:]nunlhn at work, and had fuvented and la- ol usly executed gome Dhooks with raised let- ki 2 to teach them to read, some geographical h‘rp‘!,lnd the peometrical diugrams ncecssary n'-(mcflon i athemnties, o bud guin- b wlm:I I thiuk, wpon cardboard,—an Aiabg® jabor—to forin the Tettors of the MD\I L I sholl not, fu all time, forget the fap 'k" mude upon me by secing the hero of ‘ !: Revoluton, who hud narrowly missed 78 that of the Polish Revolution also,~to see 0 gt 1osuy, wlholly avsorbed, fol TYIE 4l the energies of his '.'ulnvum this n;ifmrcuth' humble work, and b 2 Ghrist did, seithout money nd ‘withs ot bae. Bls ot resourees at this timo could \L‘puhl the expenees of his undertaking, T, T'nqmmumy and self-deninl he prace e fuller pitrae of Nis friend and broth- k“h luhurl masiated B, haong atier thia vistt, Dr, Howe exhibited i In public.~hoplugs thiat a view of tho r(umuum_n they hud made would interest tho Nl‘plzrthu‘rl’ 1 theirald, The hopo was not uised g for . furor of enthusinsm was ) .y(lllllh( Which & wealthy gentlemnn of- o larze louse ud grouuds on Pearl o ur,lh‘l: 16 f the bllud, provided that the uoofi"-‘-l‘“’“‘“ would add’ to the douatlon “‘cvlmlt O Procure this sum, the ladies held Bulled frop<d 48r ever kuown ‘in the city, and This ), totn thelr enty ‘prise a lttlo over §11,000. Wl x)\lmu- Of tnvans meant fnercase of caro Loty y <3 and for &'wrfl onward he tolted la i h”:-’ vreate and perfeet the machinery by “.,_“.h";mgm to o digh degree of eltleldney 2 el luu under his control, It wus not ,,;”u s pupils yumbered 1005 amd for vt T8 he wis thelr principal tnstructor, ns Mfln"‘;I*zl:umrlm,undunl of cvery detall Tue [l ; welfure or that of the institution, 35, Dr. Howo by g0 the education of s geurblizeuian, then u elld 6 yeuts of 3o ¢ cll, e y g 5108 8uch u casc T ordor 16 ess the e beliad pigg 1 te. at the lght of knowledg i faftresed to unintelcet “nbyintmed oven b B e nh{x’"’“ bara. Tho brillfunt success of ey | icult experiment did ore than iy ulfy ke hls name world-faimous. When Bl gy orr AUFacted by tho reports of lis Tully I:hmum. calleil, i 1841, ot thy fneti- '"‘1wlv:‘l' ‘.“"' meethug lim who was after- alhep dw“tr husbund, sho saw Loura sltting rugley M~,v|lm 4 vivaelous countonance, Saarlop pltl sumie Icenon In ratsed lettors, 1 ey ey Head, u glrl somewhat uhler, the o2, Iu'l ry-town iy Yeruont, oftllcted with U goern Alvrivation of sfght and of hearhuz, &t dergganca, O L o Tinio to ussist Lucy 0 rechE Botat leswon ke those slic her- Yith gy “twnlly leared, 8o talked rapldly teagyjgy) Iu}fl“"' and every now und then a Olher g “‘uuwwld lght up tho _countenance Yidang o | . This young girl hud been so (Vh x Il,lerluhlu 8 to cover her_head Yeuy p e fl:imw.lnol cottou cloth. When Uoyeq the et A ||‘l~:¥ln( her complexion still gy, ,,mucu n’! this scclusion from light <, ety g ucy's. education was tiot, hows 2 o canpleted. 1er mot er, in Orang ke m“':u'd reltlsh fung, tiess, soon fnslsted upon My gy M"‘I“'t';:;lwt‘u;:lo ‘mi must lave lud the Llub: lfid Bech em“dmku nflun from which P ted Lo havas wardid Lo Miss W tha :qu-uulln balf mu&'@m’“u‘ufi o } HiE CHICAGO TRIBUN SATURDAY, aa Buperintemlent of the Institutlon of the Blind." He now devoted hitasell capecially Lo the mnlttplieation of books for the bimd, ond to the fmprovement of the tharacters wned o them, which were the lnyen- tlon orlglnnily of the Abbe llnu{. e devised the anmular type, still employed, by which tho size of books printed n rafsed letters was re- duced one-halie Tle also introduced n depart- ment of mnnnal Inbor Into the Institution, in which the blind were tanght various tandierafts 08 means of Rupport. Outaliie of his particular splicre of work, e vas nctive in helplng others in humanitarian echemnes, Anzlons fo prove the feastbility ol lmparting to deaf-tnutos the Hu\v:rul nrtteulate speech, b took two littlo eaf-mute W"" aud, by the euccess of his ciforta in teaching themn to apeak, wos Instru- mental in founditg an catablishiment. where the system was [ollowed, and also in leading man; motliers of deal-mule children to conduct thefr education on tha same principle, Ho nssisted vigorougly in the plan for educating idlote, and secured, by grent Qermnnl exertion, nn appro- gr(ntlnn from the Massachuscits Legislatury of 2,600 per anmun for u tenn of three years, Lo defray ‘the cost uf teaching the idiot children, In 1818, 0 achool for the purpose was organized uuder hils supervision. T'he result of this effort 14 the Prcnunnmmu institution in Boatonw, called the Bchoo! for Idloticand Fecble-Minded Yout. Altor the passage of the Fugltive-Slave bill, in 1850, Dr. Howe ldentiiled himsell with the party who strugpled against the execution of that’ nnrighteous law, le was one of the founders of the Antl-Slavery paper cutitled the Comnwnucealth, and for more thun n ?'c;r wna its literary editor, his wife assisting fiin in the duticaof the oflice. When the Civil War broke wut, bis influence was sl.romzli' exerted Iu the support of the Unlon; and, later, fu the ametio- ration of the condition of the freedinen. . When tlic War ivas onded, and the Christians of Crete called for help against their bratal masters, Dr. Howe responded to the appenl by raising $37,0005 nnd, in March, 1867, ret out for the scefic of strife, that he ifght dircet the distri- butfon of the money hie bad heen most. cllclent In collecting, lis Iast iImportant public scrvive was performed ns Commigsioner to Santo Do- mlnf.'n In 1871, _He revisited the island, tsagent of tho Samuana Bay Company, in 1524 nnd aggain, for bis licalth, tu 1874, In “dunaary, 1830, his busy and useful career ended in death. Yet of Wim It may confidently be sald that lis 1ife will be tmmortal; for the good he accome plished ean never die, s the inspiration of his example will never vense, ‘The buok containing bis memolr, and the fecling tributes paid to him al the Menorial Bervices held in Musle Hall, Feb. 8, is sold for the benetlt of those to whom he gave so much of lis life, and may he ordered ot the salesroom of the Perkins Institution for the BHud In Hos- ton. It is accompunied withn portrajt—sn fulthe ful Ukeness—of Dr., Howe ot the nge of 72 ICELANDIC SAGAS. VIRING TALES OI* TIHE NORTH: Tug Saaas or Tiousveis, Viking's SoN, ANy Frntisor ue BoLp. ‘“Translated from the Icelandic Ly Rasuun B, Annenson, A. M., Professor of the Seandinavian Lavgujzes 1 the Univorsity of Wirconsin ond Honorary Membor of the feelandilc Literary Soclety, and JoN Biansaros. Also, Trosen's Fruntivor's Saca, Tranelated into English by Geonoey Stzrnews, 12mo., pp. 370, Chlcago: 8. C. Griggs & Co. Prico, 8¢, It I8 known to most of our readcrs that the bleak, remote Island of Iceland, lylng isvlated in the Arctle Scas, 000 miles distaut from Nor- way, 250 from Greenland, aud 600 from Scot- land, fs the home of an intellectual and cultd- vated race, whose literature, exteuding from the eleventh to the middle of the ffteenth century, far exceeds in wealth that of the same date belonging to any other people of Europe. Soon after the introduction of Chrlstianity into tho fsland, which occurred sbout the year 1000, Baemund Sigfursun, gathered together, in a single book ealled the Elder Eddn, the sungs cmbodying the legends of the Pagan faith of the Noursewen, which had been for several cen- turies preserved In oral form among the people. Thisls the most socient monunient of the literature of Iecland; but, about the time of 1ts compllation, Pricst Arc Thorilleson, the Leurned, began the composition of that great mass of prose-tales called the B8agus, or, lerally translated, the Sayinga. The Baga-writings of Arc the Learned eme braced n general history of the Norseyien, and o specinl history of Icclund down to thu thne of the autbor, They no longer exlst in their original form; but upon them as a foundation rests the whole structure of the Baga-lterature of Ieclarid. During four centusies these tales were produced in ¢ndless profusfon,—each one having for its gerin some strikiug event in the lives of the more brave and distinguished Norsomen, or sume tradition emnbalmed in thelr mythology, or somo story which had traveled from foreigu lands to the sccluded island in the Frozen Zone. In the long cvenings of tho Arctie winter, the father would repeat the Bagos trensured in hls memory to his sous sit- ting nround him In the low,Tava-built, moss- covered hut and they, Hstentng eagerly, would make the “Qnylnul" thelr ow, to %u azain re- peated to a suceecding meneration, with such udditions as would naturally adhsro to them in o active and imogluative mind, Finslly, In the fHiteenth century, when the growth of the fce~ landle titeraturs had nearly censed, tho process of comunitting to writhng the * Bayings " of the people was comimenced. Tt s to these sources, thus secured, thot historlany ummst mow turn for a Lkunowledgs of tho primitive character of the Scandinavian races. In them aro pre- served, In a narrat(ve of purfect ulmnllulz{ anrl of artistic form, the records of tho faith, the rinclples, the passions, which anlinated the urseinen durin the carly perfod of thelr his- tory, There is a minging of truth and of fic- tlon in all of them; but, even where the latter s paramount, it still throws an illumination on the traits and the life of the people who orig- inated them. Within the rreacnt century, the historienl valus of the Icelandic Bagas 'luu been made kuown to the scholars of other countries, and transintions from them have appeared fn vari- ous languages, ‘Tho two which are preseuted In the volwme under notics are now for tho firat time published in Amnerlea. Thoratein's Baga dutes from thie fourtoenth ccnluri' and 15 o purely romantic creatlon, t has been twice beiore rendered Into Euglish,— by George Stephens, in 1839, und by Erlkr Maz- nusson and Willlnw Morris, iu 1815, ‘Thu dute of Fridthjof’s Baga is not certainly known, but it Is usuallyaseribid to the twelfthor thirteonth century, It bolongs to the class of semi. mythologleal storics, based upon some popnlur tradition, 'The two Sagas are related to encls otlicr, not in structure, Tt in story,—~the char- acters figuring in the one being the ancesturs of those who nppear it the other. Only they hav- ing somo knowledze of the originals of “these Buzas ean spoak of tho sccuraey of Mr. Anders son's translation; hut the English reader will observe tho smoothness of thu version, and its hurmony with the spirit of the text. ‘The poem which necompanics the Sagas, and oceupies a littls more thun half of the volume, {8 foundeqt upon Fridthjof's 8nza, and was wrlt- ten by Bweden's greatest poct, Bishop Fsals Tegner, Professor of Greek Literature fn the University of Lund, It was fssued In - complete furm fn 1825, and in 1871 had passed through twonty lurge editions in Sweden, - Neorly as any editlons have ap- peared In Norway aud Dennark, while eighteen translnifons have appeared in England, aud thie- teon in (Qermuny. It lias also been reproduced in all the European langunjes,—even lussin, Poluud, ond Girceco lhaving u version of thelr own. In Amerles, Longfellow and Hayard Tuy- for have publiehed the pocm fu whole or in part. The translution now given by Prof, Auderson wus made by Prof. George 8tephiens, of Copen- hagen, and recelved froin Tegner o flnucrlng testimonial tojta exceellence, **Iamof oplnfon,” deciares the author, “that no one of all the translutors with whom I huve had an opportu- nity of meeting have penetrated so deeply into the fundamental splelt of the orlmnal, and have 80, much respected its Northern choracterlstics,” The work is & nobls one, honored with tho name of eple, although not pusscssing the uni- formity of metre usually characterizing o herolc poem.” The twenty-four cantos of wlich it Is composed present b great variety of skillful and pleastng vereltications but, n every cholee of rhytum, thero fs wmn-:d tho_stately, ulmost austere bcmutx which {8 a pecullarity "of both the poctry und the vrose of the Scandinavian rmpla. Taken In councetion with the Sagas utroduclug and explaining it, the work s tho bost that could bo soleeted with which to begin an sequaintance with the rich stores of history, romance, and pnut}r{. that are contajned fn the Iterutures of the Northmen, AROUND THE WORLD, DOTTINGS ROUND THE CIRCLE, By Banzaxix Tosnise Cunris, 12ma,, pp. 320, Dostons James R. Osgovd Co. Mr, Benjam!n Robbins Curtls is a graduate of Harvard, who, Immediately upon the conclusion of hls collegu-studies, In June, 1675, started upon a journoy round the world. He was equipped, according to his own account, ‘* with a large number of desirable letters of introduc- tion,' and, us jt I8 reazonablo to infer, with a well-filled pursc. Ho had, thorefore, at his com- tnund superior facilitles for seelng that which was best worth notlce fn the countries visited. |_Buch belng his situstion, If, on tho cowplotion | ‘seross Indls, of his experfences, the publichave a rlgit to ex- peet a work of more than avernge merdt. This {s an age of travel as well ns of book-making; and, mawng the telligent clngges, o multitude have followed some or all the routes of forelgn pilgrimage, and the re- mainder have made Liemacives familiar, through the mony able descriptions of vigilant tourlsts, with the noted a’ghits In most partzof the world, It a new hook of tenvel ks brought Lo thw notice ol any of theae, they justly uxlmut to lind In ft fresh Intelligence of some sort, either of novel acences or of novel adventures, and conveyed in a stvle having same charm of ]lwrzry merit. Mr. Curtis, us nn editented man, must be por- fectly nware of these fucta; aud how has he con- formed to themd Ilis circult around the glohe was nccomplished In exactly eloven months, It Inctuded the trip across our continent; n visit 1o the rrreat treew at Maraposa nid to tha falls of the Yosemlte; a short stay in Japani a longer one in_Chinn, taking in_an excuraion to the Great Wall; a touch ot Java and at Ceglonyn eall at Mudras and ot Caleutta, and o hasty run with stops at a half< 1 cltfes ‘In the futerlor; n journcy from Bouibay Ieading throueh the Red Sea to Cairo, and theneo ta Florence, nnd over the trodden xlk'h- ways of Europe to Liverpoo), and across the At- luntlc to the polnt of departure. Huriied as was this tour from beginning to end, it Fct night have gtven Mr, Curtis the mn- terfals for an Intercsting aud instructive work, With a tnind rruplml by previous reading to scleet for particular stindy (the objects coming under his observation most prolitic of new sug- gestions and reliections, and with Jcisure, nfter the toll of sight-secing was over, to offer the in- formation, thoughtfully gleanud, In the most appropriste and Iaviting form, a hook of genu- ne usefuiness conkil, uo doubt, have been writ- ten, Instead of this, Mr, Curtis publishes tho rapld votes Joited down in his journal day by day, sl the confusion aml rush of constant trivel, and throws his book upun the inarket. Very many of its records do not go outside of the” most commonplave invidents of o purely personal charactert There fs no faguate in our Hepublican country In whom {t would not be consldered an {inper~ tinenve to thirust nmxh private and frivolous de- tatls before the publie. Mueh of that which Is of any valuofu the book 16 copled bodily from the accontuts of travelers who carcfully sought information for thelr readers, and who should have heew an cxample for this last recklcss tourist. 11us not the time nbout eome whan would-he authors, before rushly scizing pen and paper, should sit down anil soberly Inquire whether thiey have anything to sny which fs new und of fnterest for tho world to hear; and, If they have, whethier they know how to ssy it1' These ques- tlons, deelded alter suitable fneditation, would uften spare the reading community a serdous infliction fu the expense of o book, and of the time to discover that it is worthless, HISTORY AND ARCHITECTURE, HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL SKETCII- E8: Cmprur ITAlAN, Dy Enwanb A, Free- AN, D, C, L., LL. D, Tate ¥Fellow of Trinity Coilege, OXfard, Corresponding Membor of he Tmperial Acadenty of Bclences of St. Petorabury, With Pwenty-two IHustrations from Drawings by the Autlior, 12mo., pp. 315, London: Mace nilllan& Co, Price. ¥3. With one exception, the papers here present- ed have sppesred in the Euglish journals, chiefly in the Saturday feelew. They contaln stydies In the history and architecture of South- erf Uermany und Italy, by a ripe schotar, who 18 capeclully learncd in the two departments of literature and art to which his subjects belong. ‘They Include within thelr scope tho old eathe drals and palaces In sbout twenty of the un- clent cities situated In the'veglons specificd. In uniting the history of these citfes with the eritlenl sketchies of thelr famons monuments of architecture, a two-fold fmportance fs igven to the work accomplished. The very efliclent wanner in - which Mr, Free- man prepures hia subjects s exhibited fu the following remarks: * We belfeve that, In order to be thoroughly master of any pluce, u four- fold process s needed. The traveler should flrat arm himaclf with a - geveral knowledge of the bistory of the Yluw. and of all that fs to be seen in it fie wil abjects themeelves in an futelligent way, to un- derstand their bistory and meaning, . . . Then let bim go home and stuily ail his mate- rinls afresh, by the Hght of the local knowledge which he hua “thus jmined. The difference be- tween the rcmlk:},; ho history of a place which ‘we have seen, nnd reading that of one which we have not seen, 8 shinply Intlulte, When weread of spots, buildings,” naturnl objects, which we have oursslves looked on and ex- amined, the story malns n force, and deptl, and meaning, which makes all tho difference hotween o llving thing snd a dead one, Weo fcel at howe fu the pluce of which we o Ing; we feel as {f the men of whom we remd G our personal uaintauce. Then, lnstly, hnvhui donu this, it {s woll to aco the place seeond time, by the, "'FI" of the liveller knowl- cdge thus gafned, We are now in a position to correct any mistakes which we made In our tirst. visit, and, renerally, to bring our hook-learning and ‘the ovidence Of our uwn eyen Lo illustrate und strengthen ono another. " Every pluce, every part of m‘ur?' place, should, whénever it may be done, be visited tiwlee, cven I the two vislts happen on the same duy, with u few hours' futerval. . . . Even If o man has only an hour to give to an object, he will learn more by giving it i the form of two distincl luif-hours. But Lhis work of revisiting reaches its higliest form when we come the second thine, charged with all the knowledze gafned by a compurison of our earllest memories with the written hilstory of the place,” It s tho solid instruction afforded in Mr. Freoman's works which gives them vatue, They owe very little to the clurms of rhictoric or of n winning mode of treatmont. The Nlustrations are_photogruphed from pen-and-juk sketehes made by the author. LITERARY CRITICISM. ESSAYS IN LITERARY CRITICIEM, Ry Rict. Aun Hour Hurron, 1umo., pp. 355, Philadel- phin: Jamens 11, Contes & Co, Price, 81,50, Mr., Hutton gives proot of his critical acumen, and of his judicial candor, when, In the com- ments in his preface, he classes himsel! among “educated men of only ordinary capacitics,” lis cssuya shiow him to bon mau of culture, of ditigont reading, of cool judgment, and of con- siderable analytical pawer; but neitber a man of genlus nor of brilliant taleats. Ile hos studiod the authors whom he erlticlses, until, to borrow his own phraseology, he has **soaked " himeelf thoroughly with the essence of thelr quulitfes, e lins studied thelr greatest crities, too, with the samo falthful nsslduity, that he might have every help to the formation of just and intellicent opinfons, His essays give the this garnest, honorable work, They reful, elaborate unalysea us may ba produced by uustinted Mterary labor. The fn- sight which he gulns into the splrit of great guthors 18 reached by logical processes, nnd not hy(muuhm. It, thevefore, Jacks the fire and e fores of inspiration and of oriinality, The casay on ** Wordsworth and J1is Genfus " signally {llustrates the extent and the linita- tlon of hils abilitics, Ho admires the Lakesida Imu‘ and with an appreclstion bounded only by s cnpucity, His comments evinee hls close and seurch u;:. reading of the poet; but, being destitute of the warinth and glow of spontane- ous feeling, fail o kindlo any enthusissm in the reader. In truth, they hardly intorest im; for Wordswortl’s puetry cabuot bo dlscussed enter- tulmnul{ or pmnwm{. except by thoso who bave ti themsclves a tine ‘mmlu instinet, The essay on *Ueorge Elot? s among the best {n the collection, and yet, 1lke ail the reat, ita siuooth surface reflects no scintlliation of hu- mor, of passion, or of cloguence. Tho remsiniugg cesoys §1 the volume have for thelr subjects: Nathunfel Ilawthorne; Arthur Clough; Gocethe wnd His Inflacuce; and Mat- thew Arnold. ;. NO-NAME SERIES, DEIDRK. 10mo., pp. 262 MBoston: Roberts Drothers Thesccond number of the ** No-Name Serles "’ s & atory In verse. Thoe scene is located in Ireland and the lslands on the cosat of Great Britaln, and the time of the action dates back to the eurly twilight of the historical centurles. ‘Tha posm opens with a festival 8t tho house of Felimid, the bard of King Emon, who lends to tha feast the dignity of hlspresence. Whily the wassall-bowl 13 clrculating and the mirth [sat its height, the tidinga are brought to Felimid of the birth to him of a daugbter; and preacntly tho little Defdre fs brought futo the dining-hall, that her fate wuy be predicted by the scer Caffa. 8o dlmlu(yln tho future réad by the prophet, thatthe IunE'n l*mplll.\{ 18 awakened, and ho decroes that tha child shall be rearcd n the protection of a secluded palace, and that, wheu of suitable age, sho shall become hls ueen. The child grows into a malden of surpassioz loveliuess; yet, despite the King's precaution. she secs and falls in lovo with Usna, one of tho most gallant of his cicfs, and is borne away with bl to o distaut island. For years the couple wanderafar from thefr native wuntr{l,_ meeting with various fortune, yet hnpfii‘ln the muu ve. At lust King Emon wolicits their roturn, promising them forgivoness for the wrong practioed upon him. Thoy trust the thus be able to examine the - prepared for thenr. sloml thelr s 4 cart d Usna by © Lasient aver it falla dead ot th [ her chant, ‘Thus is literally fulililed the evil pre- dieted at hier hirth, The author of the paem manages the verse with 8 good deal of case, bt falls to infuse into 1t sufliciont spirit to imalntain the Interest, IUSTORICAL FRAGMENTS, ENGLISHL HISTORY IN SUHORT STORIES, {.fl;nn-.llvp-'_flu. Bostont Littlo, Brown & Co. rlce, B, 25, Tho title of this volume is too comprahiensive. “Engliial History ¥ Is by no means told in its “Bhort Storles,” but terely some small frag- mnents of it. These fragments have, however, a certain value, as some of them furnish inform: tion gcnen\llg omitted or lphtly treated tn ore dinary recltals of English hlstory, BOOKS RECEIVED, A LONG TIME AQO: A Novit. DBy Mrra Onnen, Yuper. New York: Harper Urothers. Price, 5O centa, FROM DAWN TO SUNRISE: A Revrew, ilin- TORICAL AND PUILOSOPIGCAL, OF Tii7 ItEvini00s Toeas op MaNKixn, By M, J, Unreonr HuiTie, 12mo., ul». 400, Rouren Yoint, N, Y.t Lovel] Printing't Pablishing Company. THE ADVENTUNES OF CAPTAIN AYO A PrmNician Exproirion, 13, C,, 1000, ity Cancy, Tluatrated by P P Tranelated from the French by ErLey E. Fu 12mo., wp. 337, New Y crl Yurl IlrulILl{ & Co. HISTORY i on, Leox Drice, 82.50, OF GERMANY FOR JUNIOR CLASS- ES, Iy BuTnenLaxo seszies Author of ** flis. ey of ¥rance.” With Colored Map and Hus- tratlons, 1Wmo., pp. 344 New York: George P, Putnam's § LIVING T0OO FA! o, TiE CONVERRIONS OF A BANK-Orrickn, By Winnias T. Apass (Oliver Optic), Author of **In JJoors nnd Ou! s trated, Toston: & Shepard. New York: Clarles T, Dlllingha —— PERIODICALS RT.CEIVED. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW—November-Decem- ber, ' Price, $1, Contenta: **The Origin of Tarllamentary Heprosentative England, * Edward A, Kreeman, ‘Trauacendent- allsm,in New England,” by Sainuel Owgoud, 1, D.: Y Journals sud Journalists of Italy, " by Prof. A, Do Gubcrnatis; ** Mr, Phillp Glihert Hnmerton, Artist and Author;" ¢t French Liter- ature of the Reforuntion, ™ by Dorn D'Iatela, the Princess Ghika; ¢ The Evangelicol Vraasl Chuireh," Dby Dr. J. K, Dorner; ** The Chincse (ilmulkm 1" tho Unlted States," by Edwin Muustleld, LI, D. 3 ** Contemporary Literuture *+ Lotter o Americana on Art {n- Lurope, " Ly Pullip Gllbest Humerton; ~** Bi-Monthly Notes on Sctentlfic Progress, " 5 DINING-HOOM ° MAGAZINE for November (Tnion Publishing Company, Now York), LITERARY WORLD for November (8. it. Crock- er, lloaton), AMENRICAN BOOKSELLER for Nov, 1 (Ameri- can News Comnany, New York), LITY ¥ LIVING AGE—~Current numbers (Littell & Gay, Dostun). ' FAMILIAR TALK. # KOK-BURA.” °* Thu nomads of the steppes of Central Asin are splendid riders, and, mounted on thelr tough, wiry, aud swift little horses, will scour over the plaius for hours together without ap- parent fatigue, Almost thefr sole amusement {8 comprised In equestrian sports, which are practiced with wonderful skill, courage, and nerve. Ono of thelr favorite pastimes, which fs 80 universal aa to e called o national wame, is an exclting horseback-chase known by the name of Kok-Bura, or “gray-wolf.” Mr. Schuyler, who several thnes witnessed the sport, gives of it the following deseription: In an open fleld along thoslde of the road, fifty horsemen were walting, one of whom had o dead kld slune from his saddle-bow. Aswe came along, this mun rode up Lo us, and asked iIf we would iike toscothe aport. Of course we willingly as- sented, and we started off with everyhody clse In full pursuit. ‘The object of the gamo was to succeed in bearing the kid away from its posses- sur, and in bringing it up to me as the judge of thecontest. Away thoy went, throuzh cauals and over the plalos, up nnd down uill, some- times forwards, sometimes backwards,—the lws- reggor of the kid skilifully dodgini, aud holding on by main foreo Lo the ‘suimal with which he was charged. Men often n":}mmrhed him, but 1t waa seldotn that they could eateh hold of the kid: and still more seldom that they could re- tain the hold sufliciently Jung to make u strup- gle. Atone '}flm:u, in order to get rid of his pursucrs, Ish Jau—for such, 1 believe, was his name—had to plunge intv a pond, or, rather, the enlargement of n canal, where the water wos mich deeper and awifter than he had thought, and soul thers were a dozen 1nen there strug- {=} ling and plungiug, all up to the necks 5( ’E\xelr hauus” |§;' \rnwr.l All pot out without accident, and _ the kil was #till eafe; but, just s Ish Jan wos ‘foiu up the hank, one” of thesnen who hind nof piungzad into the water, ol who was Iylng in walt, quickly pulled the now slippery snimal away trom him und brought it to my carrdage; for which, of courae, I had to give bl a ferga, and pass the anfmal on to anvther. The next thue they went almost out of slzht across the gravelly ?lnln. and rapldly returned with an- other as the victor. The scnrt. lost much by not beingg plaved, as it should be, ou agrassy steppe, where the vista would be large caough to take in tho whole pusition, and with n thronz of cuthusiastle spectators on horseback; but, oven as 1t was, It was ox- tremely exciting, I gaw ft agafn on the occaslon of n Kivghlz feast, though ot o long distance; but with my field-riass I 'was able alimost to scs the Intense expressiun of the faces, anu even then was 8o much interested that, although I was hastening on, I made_my driver wail for nearly bulf an hour, that I might Jook at the ame. Fully a bundred men were am—gxlnu backwards and forwards over a broad hill- slde, thelr horses so close together that it seeined aa If some of thein must get smothered. Sometimes half-a-dozen separated from therest, n struggle followed, one bearing the kid dashed off in triwmph, when all rustied”at him, und the meleo began agaln, reminding me then of nothing so much as of a good gumoe of foot- ball," ———— PAPER IN CENTRAY: ASIA. Nearly all tho paper which 1s used in Central Asla {8 manutectured at Khokand, and at Teharky, a little viilage in the Khunato of Kho- kand. The process of making it 18 ruds and slow, yet Interesting os o hint of the achieve- ments of the nutive Aslatics In the industrial arts. We extract an account of the manufac- ture from the Intoreating worl of My, Schuyler on *Turkistan: **The razs are altornutely pounded and nacerated untdl they are reduced to o thick pulp, which fs then collected {nto o round ball. Portiuns of this are’ then placed in a tubof water and well mixed together. Tho paper-maker takes un oblong sfeve, mnde of thin grass stretened over n wooden grame, and puts Into it o certain quantity of the pulp,— shaling and inclinlng it untll It 18 cqually dis- tributed over thie surince, After allowlng’lt to stund n _few moments, ha turus IL out on o bourd. In this way cusinan can imake about 300 leaves per day, which ure placed oue on the other, , with Juyers of felt betwoen, amd submitted to” a heavy _ pressurc to syuceze out the molsture.” In the morn- inz they aro tuken out, and hune for drylng on awall exposed to the south, The sfzing und pollahing ure done in the buzaor, l»{ 3 dliferent’ set of workmeu. The slze_usually cemployed 18 akind of dextrine found nearly ure i Lhe roots of the Shirash, o plant of the ily family; and the puollahing 15 made by rub- bliig it with a smooth, heavy stone. By this process the value of the paper is nuurl{ donbleil I(rcm 10 to 18 or 20 vents o sheet). lmperfect paper [s, however, never thrown away; for, at thu time of sizing, holes or tissurcd are pateliod up with thelr atrlfl, and the surface Is indu so even that defects can only bo discovered by holding the sheet ap to the light, This paper, which s ulunl‘l‘y gray, slthough sometimes colored pink and biue, 1s ver; tough aud frm, and excellent for the Hummy ik with which the natives write. For the purposcs of the Buro- cans 1t 18 of little use, aud the Russtaus have 0 Import all the paper they require,’ —— THE CAMEL. ‘The camel is the beast of burden most used in thosteppes of Central Asls, nnd s sometimes hurnessed to bagguge-wagons, ana also to tho tarantass, the Russian vehicle for the carriage of travelers. Mr. Schuyler had, duriug his joure nuy in Turkistan, somo experience in the em- ployment of tho aninal 83 » substitute for the horse, but did uot galn from the trinla very high respect for the vigtues of the beast. Io writes, with a good deal of festing: **1t 1s no doubtvery finoto speakofcamcls as * ships of the desert,’ and use other poctlcal expresslons for them; but practically they aro the moat disa- greeable, uupleasant anjwala that I have cver scen. Ungainly, unamiable, and disgustivg in odor, they scem to e a sort of a cross between acow and a cassowary, Been in tho distauce, they mako ono think of a big over-grown os- trich, with thelr claw-feet and long nocks, which they tarn about so as always to obeorve everys thing which comes ky, and atarc st you with They although reem to - stand they fi-m take e lully out. of elghi cold very cold an it allowed down in the mnow, Ience, dduring the winter, thelr Liwlies ure wrappeid up in felt, which, when taken aff Iy apring, corries most of the halr with It and they then Jook entirely naked, If they cet an tdea fnto their hieads Lhat the rond Is lonig, of the welght toa heavy, or Lhat somo nart uf the harness Is wrong, they commence to howl, It {s nob exactly a_groan nor n cry, but o very human, shrilly ‘and dizagrecable sound; and thia they never cease—they kccl; it up from the thine they atart uitll they” reach their des- tinatlon, varglug thelr performances by occa- stonaily knecling downamd refusine to advance; or, 4t they do go un, holding back In such n manner o8 to make progress all the slow. er. [uthis case there I nothing to do but to unfasten the aujtnal, turn bhin loose, and tie his legs together, when he will beeln to browse about, poking the snow away with his nose, and his driver will fink him when he comoes back. Camels are much tod stupid to go home, a8 any other animal would; but they will continue to walk on in the same direction thelr facer are turned, without even thinking of miaster, or stable, or anything clse. They are very rovengeful, aud in the spring- acason, the ‘innles ave very often dangerous. Many Instances are kuown where they have bit. ten persons to deuth, and they then have to be carefully muzzled. There wis one_comfort to be got out of them, notwithstanding: thelr walk waa g0 quict and sauntering, that, in the merning, when it was not tou cold, we cousd read with case In the carrfage, as there was not motlon envugh to Jolt the book. In this way we ot through * Middieinarch,! some books on Centrnl Aslu, and the whole of the Koran, to say nothing of spelling through Tartar cxer- ulseg, aud trylng each viiier, s we went along, In prupunciition aud phrascs. well, i to : SUICIDES, According to the ofticial reports just publish- ¢d, thero wore 5,617 cases of sulcide in France during the year 1674, This Is at the rute of six- teen o day,—an average higher than was ever bofore known In France, or probably i any other country, The favorite mode of suleide waos Ly strangulation, 2,472 persona choosing death fn that form. O the remalning cases, 1,634 preferred drowning, and 1,691 sought other and various routes to the grave. The Pall-Mall (fazette, Iu commenting on these otatistics, men- tivns—on what it confesses 18 doubtful autliori- ty, however—that there are but three récorded cases of self-destruction by fire in the history of mankind, The lirst was Empedocles, who threw Timself into the crater of Mount Etua; the sccoml was n Frenchman who threw himselt into the crater of Vesuvlus fn 18207 aud the third wos an Englishman who leaped into the furnace of a forge abuut the year 1811, "TASIIKENT. In the Russian town of Tashkent, o modern appendage to the mative eity of that name fu Central Asia, there is no hotel worthy of the name; but there {3 o club, where, according to Mr. Schuyler, men wiey drop Inaud get a bad dinner, aud read the European newspapers. The club-rooms have an excellent lbrary attached, which contains 4,000 volimes, sclected from the stundard works of the ltusalan, German, nnd French lteraturcs. A smull weekly joumal, called the Turkistan Guzette, 18 published in the city, at a cost to the Government of 20,000 rubles ayear, It furnishes no news of the outside world, but treats its 800 subacribers to Intelli- gence of offlelal aintters, ond articles on the his- tory, cthnolugy, and atatistics of the country. EDUCATIONAL NOTES. The Faculty of the French Natlonal School of Agriculture, cstablished at the Conservatolre des Arte-ot-Metlers, Las now been organized. It comprises twenty Professorships, among whicl are the Chalrs of Agricuitural Economy, Sylviculture, Physics and Meteorology, and Comparative Agriculture,—~the lnst being o systematic comparieon of French and forelgn agricuiture. ‘The new municionl school, the Ecole Monge, opened at Paris In October, has o covered yard for wiuter jecreations, which covers an arca of 18,000 square feet, In fuvorable weather the students will takoe thelr recreation {n a space of 27,000 teet.] A special feature of the instfiution fsu uscum uttuched to cach studio, #o that puptls moy bave at hand the principal oh- Jects deseribeld” in thelr lectures. The school will accorumodate 800 pupiis. In an sddress before the Liverpool Social Befenee Congress, on the subject of Educatlon, Mr. Pattison stated, among other facts, that, with a population of 21,000,000 and reallzed property of $4,02),0J,000, the total number of students at the English Universities does not exeeed 0,000, out of 114,000 mules between 18 and 21 who ought to be recelving a hish-class educatlon, ' e also mentioned tunt $id.0X! is «Xxm:]uully speut {o prizes at Cunbridge sud Ox- ord. SPARKES OF SCIENCE. THE LIFE OF TIIE IIOUSE-FLY, The commonest insect on our continent Is the house-tly (Musca domestica): and yet how meny kunow its llfc-bistoryl Everybody is famfliur with {ts habits {n the adult state, whenit buzzes nalsily nround sleeplug aud living-roots, wher- ever (b ean penctrate, und tormonts the most patlent spirlt with fts restlessly-lmpertinent, wmeddlesome disposition. Yet ask where it waa born and bred, and what sort of a life it hud prior to Ita appearance on the scews, full-grown oud equipped nd o two-winged sond six-legged bandit sud skirmisher, and the answerwill prob- ably amount, In the sum of its informatlon, to ncipher. It fs only very lately that naturalists bave learncd its mode of growth; therefore comrmon folks are cxcusable for ignorance of its complete carcer. In the American Naturalist, M. A. 8, Packard, Jr., gives an account of Wis fnvestigations into the subject, which were} pursued two summers ato, This ubserver placed a louse-ly in o glass bottle, whereshe wassecureand yetvisible;aud in fourteen hours noted that she hod deposited 120 cgge, These were long, stender,aud eylindrieal, and & lttlo smaller at one end than the other, They wera lakd in irregular heapa on the botton of the bottle, and, just forty-elzht lours after, anumber of them had hatched, and the young magiote were cenwiiuzaround in quest of sotie- thing to eat. Ao, the observer phiced some fresh horse-manure ot un open window {u tho sun, and added new masses from thme to timo durlug several weeks. ‘This, belng sulted to thelr neetds, ottrncted nombers of flies, which deposited cimga fu the cracks and erevices or on the surtaca; aml thus their young were under the eye of the uaturalist {n all stages of their development. Theshell of the ezg 1s 4o dense that the changes of the embryo are hid from view, but n twunty-four hours” the young nacgot wus remdy to come out, ‘Those hutched in confine- nient were four or tive hours later, ind the young weresmaller. When oneday old, the mug- zots went through the process of inolting and, when twa days or two days und half old, repeat- wl the provess, Atter thu sceond molting they lived three or four duys, and then Jmsu\l o the pupn ov chrysalls state, Iu tlifs dormant condition they slept fur from five to seven days, and then, pushing otf the end of the pupa-<case, cmerized i the form of a housc-lly, ready to courge through thenir and alight onsome hunau nose, to teklo it intolerably with their fust-piay- fng feet, or to dip futu sume dish of entielng sweots and wuck their filior It, “When freo from {ts prison,” eays Mr. Packaurd, “the fly walks, or rather runs, nerve ously ubout, as If laboring under u goud deal of mental exeitement, and quite dazed by the new world of e and Night sbout it; for, us 8 mag- got, it was blind, deaf, and dumnb, Now jis wings are soft, small, begzgy, and half thelr final size, Tho fluid that Ils them soon, hewever, drica up, tho skin of the fly attatns the colors of muturity, ana it tlfes oll with a buzz of content- went und light-heartedness born of its wor- curial tewperament, That the iy not only throws oft, lu its buzz, sungs of the” atfections, love<tittics, but also way vary it notes aecordingly as It 1 clevated or depressed In splrits concerntug mare trivial and léss ab- sorblig matters, wo are assured by Skr John Lubbock, who says that the sounds of Insccts do not merely serve tu bring the sexes together; they ore not merely ¢ love-songs,' hut olso serve, :lku s true language, to express the focl- ugs. ?I‘lm Iifo of n house-y born fu August fs 5“‘ erally closed {n frow four to six weeks, and is cut oll by tho frost or by the attacks of fungus- plants. A few probably survive until the en- sulng summer, and these scrve to perpetuste the specles. Thu house-y of Awerica fs aup- poscd to be jdentlcal with the house-lly of Surope. RUSSIAN EXPLORATIONS IN CEN- s TRAL ASIA, The learned socicties of Russia havo sent out expuditions during tho past summer to explore various parts of Central Asla, andthe neighbor- fvg Russlan provinces. M. Beverstof, with & party consisting of an astronomer, 3 mioing- engincer, & botanist, a zoologist, a topogranher, OVEMBER 11, 1876—TWELVE PAGES, : ! : oy fii}h A.TURE in ope. On his return he resumed his duties | of his tour, ha determined topuhl an account | Kinz's assurances, nn‘d fall Into the rnare he has | thelr, big, vaeant eyes until you have paesed | aud six Cossacks, i traveling in the Valloy of ; s ¥ Khokand at the present time, Next eeason ho intends to exploro the Alal and tbo mountains Bouth of Khokand, penctrating to Pamir by autumn. An expedition sent by the Geograph- fcal Boclety, with the assiatance of the Govern- ment, to_explore Northweatern Mongolia, had reached Omak, {n8iberio,dune27, The leader, M., Potanin, was decompanied by his wife, a lingulst, topographer, volunteer, and zoologist. This Beuson the Rnrty proposes Lo follow the Valley of the Black Irtisk to Urum;n. Khobdo, anil the Oolea-nor, During the following summer th:‘y {mnmuc to reach the sources of thic Jenvsel and the Kasogal Lake, and rcturn south again, for the winter, to the eastern foot of the 8han- ufib‘?‘l‘ln and to the expanslon of the Ongulin ver. The Bt Petersburg Academy hias dispatched a naturalist to study the 1auna of the Lower Obf. He has alrendy” collected nany Intercsting zoolojical matertals and remalns of the stone m};c. M. Chieesky, acting for the8therian Branch of the Geographical Sudety, ls expioring thu lower portfon of the Irkuot {iver, where it enters itadeep uvunon below the Toonka scttlement. Five colicetors are cugaged in the Kooldsha dis- trict. A party of four ‘have returned trom sn excursion to “the White fea, Ono remained a month on the Solovetsky Islands, and the othiers traversed the shores of the ses,—all making lnflia collections, . M. Grimm, who {s_studying the fauna of the pian Sca, hus made a rich eollection of ani- mal forms. The most beauttful objects fouml by him aro sume aponges growing in’ the Kara. boogas Gulf at depths of forty Lo fortv-cight fathoma. =These are described as marked by the must vivid colors, from pale-yellow Lo a bright red. They cover the stones alinost complotely, “assuming the forns of ilat, thick carpets, and half-spherdcal, tatally spherieal, or u{; z-shoped anasece, reaching the size of a chill's flst."! The dredgings inade by M. Grimm prove that the northiern part of the sca has & richer fauna than the soutl. The whole number of speciea of fish in the Caspian M. Grimm reckons at ahout cighty, ten of which are new to Belence, ond were discovered by him in 1874, A SITARP MONKEY. The Boston Journal of Chenitatry repeats the story of o sagacious ape which was comnmuni- cated to Les Jfondes by o correapondent n the Transvaal Republie, A species of largo cyno- cephalic ape are in thoe habit of ravaging the coffec-plantations, which, therefore, have to bo guarded. Among the coffee-trees there grows a u shrub whose fruil the apes particularly enjoy. But a species of wasp had fastened thelr nests to these shrubs, and the apes were kept from the tempting food by their fear of belng stung. One murnlmi the plantericard fearful crics fromn the apes, and, looking through an opern-gluss, beheld the following seenes” A large bablioon, the leader of tne band, was throwing some young apes down foto the shrubs, that thes might Lreak ofl the wasp-nests with the sho of their fall. The poor victims, stung by the Infurlated lusccts, were erylug pitcouslys bhuu the old Labboon paid no heel to toeir miserable condition. While they weredown below, suffer- ing from the anger of " the wasp, be quietly pro- ceded to regale himself with the frult, nuw safely within his reach, and oceasfonally threw nhsmlnr‘ulw some females sud young alittle way of BRIEF NOTES,. Ata late meceting of the Parls Academy of Bclences, o paper was read advocating the plant- Ing of Indlau-corn among grape-vines, to save them from the ravages of the phylloxera, The insects abandon the viues to feed on the roots of the corn. In France, Belzium, and Germany, thero are twenty-five scparate schools of I[nstruction in connection with textile fudustrics, besides seven belunging to polytechnic justitutions. The ma- Jorlty of them are as well equipped with scien- Litic inboratorles, andas campietedn thelr organt- zatlon and arrangements, us uny schools on the continent. The irst Siberian University will be locatedat Omss, and will have a medleal and physico- mathematical fuculty. Omsk is situated at tho contiuence of the Oin and Irtisk Rivers, und {s the seatof the Governor-General of Western Sherla. It hus o population of 27,000, milltary schools, mnnufactorics, miuiog works, and o cunsiderable trade. ‘The tneteorology of Australia ia being very carcfully studlcd, © At seventy observing-sta- tlons, extending over the whole breadth of the continent, the rulnfall is belng luvestigated, as wleo the annunl southerly miarch of the nurth- wesl tnonsoon, which prevalls on the north coaat from the middle of Nuvember to Mareh, aud sometimes extends its influence fn heavy thunder-storms across the continent. A writer of weather-reports In one of the En- glish dnfl{Jourunla states that thunder-storms are annually becoming less frequent {n the vicinity of Londou. o attributes the fact to the purification of tne Thames aud the improved druinago of the cliy, Healso states that the most vivlent storns” follow Iu their course the Hne of polluted rivers, stagnant pools, swampy rounds, and badly-drafned towns, which exhale iarze quantitics of nitrous, sulphurous, und otber uuwholesome vapors. "' WHEN THE TIDE COMES IN." When the tide comoa in, At once tho shore and #ea begin "Tozether ta be glad, Wit the tlde haa brought law anked, no mnn Lins songht; st other tides lave had < (deep sand hides awnys The la~t it of the wrecka they wronght Was buracd up yesterday, When the tide goes ont, The shore look daric and sad 'with doab, “Thetandmurks are ull Tost, For tho tide to tarn Men patfent wait, men restlcas yoarn, Sweat channels they have crossed, In boats that rucked with gles, Stratch now bare stony ruads that birn, Aud Iead nway from me. ‘When tho tide earun in In hearts, ot ouce tho s begin Togethor Lo be giaa, What the tiv hue bronght They do nut care, they have not sought; All Joy they ever hud "Thé new joy multipliens All pain by which It may bo bought Seoma paltey vacritico, When the tide goes out, Tho hearts are wrung with fear and doubt; Al truce of joy hecing fost, WAL the tide returny In rostless questioning they yearn, With hunds unciuspicd, uncrossed. Thuy weop, 0n sepnrate wuys, At darhing, shall we ever learn Lovo's tida) hourw aud days? =2, UL ka the New Uentury, Pet Pralrie-Dogs. Lo and Gun. This morning we bad a great frolic with our little ‘Prum\Hlogn. Qe village, which was sturted by the introduction of six or clght in our front yard, now consists of more thun twenty tuany little creatures, whose untles und gambols are equal_to those of our household pet, the kitten, ‘Fhey still fear strangers, and nlways secmn Lo keep ot u pleket guard to warn of the approach of u foo. I'his guard changes, but §s always one of the old dogs, Ile remaing uprhzhit, watchlug while the others are playlng or teeding, awd sounds his nute of warning by tho utterunves ot o suceession of rapld squeaks or burks. At the fivst sound tho others fumiedi- ately scamper like nifee down thefr holes, where they remudn wntll tha barking ceases, when thoy timidiy vonture forth wgatu, ~ Having babitunhly {ed them, Lhey regard i a8 o constant fricud, ad iny npproach is the signal for the rallying of their furces nronnd my feot, ‘They cllub m wy lap, up on my ahoulder, lmrmlcmly aibble my huttons or fingers, while their luquisltive Hittle noses are snutling vigorously for the caks ur craeker which they know 1 huve somewhers concualed for them. “Thu latter thoy ure very fond of, and ons of the liveliest frolics was cuused by giviug thom somo ginger-snaps,which they ats cagerly ot first, but were qulle dls- gusted at the bursing sunsation r‘ruduu-a by tho glogur, ‘They scalded and chntierod, struck at thely noses with Lho hands which they use so cleverly, and utterly refused to at any more, umugll lhuy were vory hungry. One of them bas been named Billy, and will always como when called, even from tho depths of his boley consequently ho gets the first bite, and s at anee attacked by all thuothers to tuke It from Ui, They scramble sl tumble over and over, five or slx after tho sane norsel, chatteriug ull the thuo ke so many monkeys. e Over Ouc Milllon Milch O, ndon Echo, Ock, 25, Inthe ddryfiuw upolitd d‘uwl'lfl{ at tho Auticulturat Hall, a novel and luicresting addi- tion is mude to the agricultursl exhibitlous perlodically clulming nictropolitan attentlou, The dalry farmers constitute au lmportaut sco~ tion of the cnmmuultd", the rowurns nhowlnfi that fn Eugland alone thers wers 1,600,000 milcl cows, of which pumber it wus uluululud 1,200, 000 wero fnthe hunds of 50,000 persons, ‘The valuo of the milk produced Ly these cows, put- ting the price ut sizpenco per lumcrlul gatlon, und eatimating that cach cow yields 400 gullons s ‘;uu, would amount to 12,000,000 sterling, With the facilitics atforded by the ruilways and the operation of the Adulteration act, the mitk trado is rapidly increaslng, so that there s as wuch excuse for su sunuul exhibition of dalry produce ns_of horses, poultry, dogs, cats, tur malds, donkeys, or babien, 1F the>Dniry Bl leads to the vending of pure milk and tiio totat annililation of **Simpson,” "¢ calves! brains,” *'the cow with the fron tail," and otheradalter- ants, untfl recently sald to form_component clemients of ¢ Lonidon milk,” the_DBritfah Dalry l":‘rnmnru' Asgociation will not have lived In He— e N . ROBESPIERRE. The T'all of the Leader of §the Rolgn of Terror, Portniohtty Revew, Robesplerre wan crustied Ly the relentloss feracity and endurance of his® antagonlats, A decree for his arrest was resolved pon by ac- clamation. Ile cost n.l.-lnm-o at the gallcrics, as marvellog that they sliould remain pnasive in fucc of an outruge on his person. (hey wera mute. The ushera advanced with hesitaifon to do thelr duty, and, not without trembling, car- rled it nway, along with Couthion and Saint Just, The brother, for whom he had made hon- orable sacrifices in daye tint seeined to he di- vided from the preseiit by an ahyss of centurlen, Insisted with fine herofs on_ebaring his fate, and Augustin Hobeapicrro aud b.e Bns were lod fifill.o the prisous slong with thelr leader and * It was now a little after 4 o'clock, The Cone ventlon, with the sclf-posscasion which so often atnazes us in its proceedings, went on with for- tnal Lusiness for anothcr hour. AL 5 they broke up. For lfe, as the pocts tell, fs n dally sture-play; men declaim their high herole parts, thien doff the buskin or the sock, wash uway the paint from thele cheeks, and gravely slt down tu meat. The Conventionals as the; ate thelr dinners were unconscious apparent| y g;:l the great crisis of tho drama was still to ie. The next twelve hours wero to witness the l:!lmnx. Robespietre had been crushed by the Convention; it remalned to be seen whether the Convention would not now be crushed by the Communc of Paris. Hobesplorro was first cone ducted to the prisons of the I;.uxcmbom‘ . The Jafler, on some_plea of Informality, refused to fecelve libn. The terrible prisoner was next taken to the Malrie, wherc he remuined amony %ayful friends from 8 in the evening untfl if. Meanvhile the old Ineurrectionury methods of the nights of Juno and of May and of June in 1763, The beatingz of the rappel end the generala was heard in all the sections, and the tocaln sounded its drendful note, reminding alli who should hear ft that nsurrcction is tiic most sacred and the most indlspensable of dutles, Hanrlot, the commandant of the forces, hnd been arrested in the cvening, but he was speedily roleased by the agents of the Commune, , The Councll issued_manifestoes and decrecs from the Common-Hall every moment. Tho bacrlers werg closed. — Canuons were posted oa:ponm: the doors of the haill of -the Conven- tion, The (}un y8 were thronged. Emissarica sped to and iro between the Jacobln Club and tie Comnmon-Hall, and between these two cen- tres and each of the forty-cight sections. It is one of the inscrutable inysteries of thia delirious night that Hanrlot did 110t al once use the forve at bis command to break up the Convention. There Is no obvious reason why lic stiould not have done so. The members of thoe Conventiun bad resesembled nftor thelr diuncr, toward 7 o'clock. The hall, which had resounded with the shrlcks and yells of the furfous gladistors of the factluns all day, now lent o lugubrious eclio: to gloomy reporis which one tnember after snother delivered from the shadow of the trib- une. ‘Towards nine o'clock the members of the two dread committecs came in panie to eeck shelter amont their colleazucs, “as defected In thele perdl,” suys an cye-witness, “as ‘they had been eruel and fueoleht in thel hour of supremacy.' When they heard that Hanriot had been releused and that gant were at their door all. gave thom- selves up for lost aud made ready for death. Newa caue that Robesplerre had bruken his ar- rest aud hiad gone to the Common-Iinll. Ropes- rlcrn:, after urgrent and repested solleitations, 1ad been at fength persuaded ubout an hour bo- fore midnight to leave the Maide and joln the partisans of the Comniune. This was an nct of revolt against the Convention, for the Mairie wuaa lecal place of detention, and so long as he \rn;ltham he “&u Wlll’llll llhu lnw.‘ he Conventlon, with herole intrepldity, de- clared both Hanriot and Robosplerrs beyond the pale of the lnw. This prompt measure was thelr sulvution. Twelve members were (natant- ’{."‘““""‘ to carry the decree to all the scetions. With the searf of ollice round thelr walst and & kabro {n haod, they sollied forth, Mounting horses, und escorted by attendanta with tlaming torches, they scoured Parly, calling oll good cltizens to the suceor of the Convention, ba- ranguing _crowds at the street-cortiers with power and authority, and striking the finagina- tions of men, At m‘dnl;:m becvy rains hogan tofall. The leaders ol tne Coismune, mean~ while, in full contidence that victory was sure, contented themeelves with ncessant issue of paper deerees, to each of which the Convention replied by a connter-decree. Those who have studled the question most minutely are of oplu- fon that even s late 0s 1 o’clock the Commune might have made o successful defenee, nlthough It hindl lost the opportunity which it bad certain- ly pusseased up Lo 10 o'clock of destroying the Conventlon. But on this occaslon tho genlus of {nsurrece tlon slumbered. And there was a genuine di- vision of opinfonin the ensternquarters of Parls, Augnist in 1702, of were ugnin followed. the result of o grim_ distrust of the man who ). had Lelped to slay Hebert and Chaumetts, At { 4 word this distrust betan to declare ltself, The | nPlnluu of the sectlons became more and more distracted, Once armed group crled, ** Down with the Conventlon!" Another armed group * ered, “The Conventlon forever, and down with theCommune!” TFhe twvo great fuubourgs were all mstir, and three bnttatlons wers ready to march. Emissarica from the Convention aetu- nlly succeeded lu persusding them—such the dementin of the nlght—that Robesplerre was o royalise ngent, and thut the Commune was about todetiver the little Louls from his prison in the ‘Temple. One body of Communist partisans. after anotlier wus détached from [ts aMleglance, ‘The deluge of raln ewptled the Placo de Greve, and, when companles cawe up from the scrtions: in obedfence to arders from Ianrlot and the Connnune, the silence mado them suspect o trap, and they withdrew towards the great met~ ropolitan churel or elsewhere. Barrus, whom thy Convention Lad ch with {ts wilitary _defense, yathered tog some 6,000 men, * With the right instinct of o man who had studled the history of Paris sfnce the July ol 1780, he foresaw the advantage of belng first to make the attack. Ile arranged his furees Into two diviaious, Oncof them murched alung the quays to the Common-Hall In front; . the other along the Rue Baiut flonore to take it in flank, Insida the Commoun-Hall the stafrcase and corridors were alive with bustling messen- gers nnd thuse mysterlous Lusybodies who are | ulways found Uugering without o ‘»urpaeu on the kirts of great bistorle scenes. Robesplerra aud the vther chlels were inw small room pre- yuriug manifestocs and signine decrecs, wera curfously unawars o thie Convention, An essive nttack by the party of authorl- ty upon the 1 the traditlon of revolt. They lhad an easy assurance that duybroak their forces would bo presared onco more te tramp along the famlliay road westwanl, It was ahout half. Robesplerre bad Just signed the two letters of bis nume to a docunient hefore him, whon no was startlod by crics and usnuur in tha place ba- low, Inafew fustunts he lay stretehiod on tha (.!rmlml. his juw shattered by s plstol-ehot, His brother Lod either falicn or Jeapod out of the window. Couthon was hurled over a stalrcase, aud Iny for dead, Suint Just was a prisoner, Whetlier Rohesplerre was shot by an officer of the Conventlonul forces, or attompted to blow out his own bralns, wo shall never kuow, any more than we ahalt ever be quite ussured how Rousacau, his spiritual master, came to oo end. The wounded man was carried, a ghastly sight, first to the Committec of Public Safoty and then to the Couclerzerie, where he lay fn & allent stupefac- tion through the heat of the summer’ day, As ey the movewments of he waa au outlaw the only legal prelimfua before Ius oxecution was to fdoutify him, At in the afternoon he was ruscd nto 8 cart Coutlion nud the youngur Robesplerre lay, cone fused wroeks of ut the bottom of iti Han- riot and Baint Just, bruised, begrimed, and {foul, completed the band., One who walke'from tho Palac of Justics over the bridge, aloug tho Rue Baint llonory, luto the Ruc Royale, and so 1o tho Luxor column, rotraces the “via dolorosa of the Revolution on the olterncen of Tenth of Thenoidor, T —— ‘“ ANGELS_ STILL ARE BRIGHT, THOUGH THE BRIGHTEST FELL. o hupva thought, so well cxpressed, To drive mistrust -w?. And scnd to those who Joubtful pioe, Of coutidenice s ray. 1f meo {n high positions fall, As fall thoy often dus It in the heart you trusted most, Darik things are brought tu visw— Look round! some others must bo found "o d1) the empty pla Al goodneas cansiot yet. be gono #eom out o human race. 1f,-0f tho prize you treasured most, Vour heart ia how berelt, Despalr not, for In store !urzull Bowu pleasures yot are fefl Aud though tho prospect £o your cyea 1s darkor than the nlghl. Remember, ** though the bl‘“}llflt fell,™ That **Angels il avo bright. ™ | * D. arty af {nsurrection was unknown [