Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, December 13, 1875, Page 2

2 eod In n dislect of the 8yro-Challmo finda ita pxact equivalent indhe Greck e olasin atonian,-- reelered overlasting punlshment, — andenuceding that it ia now difticnlt 1o deternune tiso exact futee of this exprosmon, it might be rufticient far our present purpiose to say that tho wonis tn question sra mantteatly auaceptiblo of foeverai moanings, a3 tha critieal tquirles of rov- cual veholars hnve already made spparent, and do not thereforo cartaiuly teach tho etoimityof junishment. Nat as this will hardly mees ‘the ran=onnble wishos of tho hesrer, we will pro- oeed nith our exposition of the prssage, 01 coursn, as you can all realil' sco, tho root of the nnole dilicnlty fn mteyieling this toxt ea in tho conceded fhipossibdity of determining tha exact forca of the (Hreck werd nion, ren- sored ¢ averiasting,” and “eternal,” The truth neemis o Le that 0 is wncortan from what nmourca aion sprang, and therefors etymology fala ta give information sa tuch desired, Somo Heholam By 1L pignities M alware axisting "5 otu- ors, 'udeiinits duratlon” s othiers, **daration continnoun an fonz as it tants, hut which may be comuleted aud tinimbed, a8 age or digpensation whila othera rtill ave in the word thetden of qual- ity rathor than guansiy,—Bifo and pantshmcnt of & peenline Kiul, without spectal reforenco to the duration of {8, I have within reach tho deflni- 110n of twenty-six Jexicograpliern and leading LibMeal giiticw that have wmado the meaning of tnin word n matter of etndy, who agreo that s real import i1 not vtermty, Tho oldest dicuions nre knowa (A, D, 400-600) ‘defines afon thun : “The bfe of man—tho times of life” [rof, Hinwnrt, late of Apduyer Theologlenl Sehool, Jisnsnchusetls, was lnd by lus pationt study ta 18y ¢ * The nos ¢ommon and appropriato mean- my of aion in the New Testzment, and the ona which corresponds with tho Hsbrew wora vinm, aud which therofure dosurvea tho firat rank in regard to order, I pul down fira! ; anm- definito pertud of time: time withont limitation ; ever, forever, time without end, eternity, Al in 1elation to fature tine, The dificrent’ shados by which tho word is rendered depond on the otject with which mioning ia sssociated, or to winelt it has telation, rather than to any diffor- euve (0 the real meang of the word.,” Dr, Ldward Reechier, ono of tho most eandid of all onr bibiseal rchiolars, 1 ono of Lis artieles on o final restitution, tecently printod an the Clhreetian {nion, paga s *CAlL nstempty 1o pcl forth eternity s the original and primary ses of &ion are st war with tha facts of the Gieek Ianguage for five centurics, tn which it denoied Lfvand its desisative eensos, and the renso etornity was unknown.” L'lis atatwment of r, Meecher restn upon tha writings of tho Christisn fatheea; st s, those who wrote in tho rentn- ries immediatcly gnceee Jing the tinie of Chret, nnd fragmenta of whose wriungs have renchod ug. 1t ¢ prosumod they kuow tho meamug of #ton, Imt their unifopm usawr 18 ngaiust the con- straetion of endless duration, ‘These illuatentions, which wo nars temptrd greatly to multiply, will show you to what dis- simslar conclusions achwlars have como in their uttempta to ascortain tha meaving of tho words cin kolasin nionten, And whils 16 is coureded that it 8 imrorsitie (o detcrmine Loyond auny doubt what Jie did vay rnd tuean, tho presump- tien—the balance of yroof—corlninly favnrs this rendaring of aton—'* duration, tha extent of which w determined by the subject to which it iu applicd.” Thns everlasting, applicd to a priost- houml, as tothat of Aaron, conveys & very differ- ent mesuing from what it docs whon applicd to Deity: aod why? Deecanse the idenof infimty oes not fnfiery in the word *‘evorlaating,” or “ oterual,” Lut in the name which is applied to Duity, (reazis an llustrativo word, the forco af which chappes with tho subject to whicl it is apbiied, Aonion punishment dors not, there- “ore, cmry with 16 tho foreo of endloss punishe 1 , anless it can Lo demonstrated that afon Lias that meaning and no othor, which it would bo alniply presumptious 1o clatus for no such 1doa Is {n tho word kolnsin, or its Englisn oquiva- lent, pnnishment. Sut tho fdew of daratlon in in tha phraes efs kolaiu slonion 5 an {a plso the idea of * sulforing for neglect of duty. Bul tho duration of the eaffening for pio 14 {ndefinite. It may bo con- 1ined to ayear, or may extend far Into the im- morfal state. Iu orther caso the coutlnuance of punirtimont is ronsistent with the tepeutsnce of the inuaer, and the fres axercige of tho Divino forgivenens. Of tho lstter momberof tho toxt s word s needfol, Tho orgimal of “oternal” is the eamo ap of *everlasting.” Romo persons, on thiu soconnt, are perploxed with this ditteulty, 1t otornal lifg, into which the righteons aro to paes, signify heaven, does not cverlasting pun- i«hment, into shich the wicked aro to go away, nignify betl? Lut the force of this criticism i eftactnally disposed of by tho fact that * ater~ nal lifa” does not signify beaven, anid has not acceusarily tho forca of tho perpetnal, or jm- mottal life. Duratton is doubtleas included iu tho phiraso * oternal fife,” hut if wo may follow Heripture usngo the prominent thought I8 quali- ty of life rather than the quantitv of it, **‘I'hia iu lifo eternal, that they might kunow ‘Thoo tho anl{ true Uod, and Jesus Christ whom Thouhast veat Our text i3 & conspicuous illusteation of an attowpt to forco muto & word o mesnivg which does not properly belong to it. The eiwple truth 1 thero 18 b0 Euglist word whish oxactly oxpresses tho forco of aion; aud iv our verslon of the Uible it sloouid have beon lelt untrana- Iated, gs in many of the lator renderings it is. Sinch a course would have spsred the Christiau Church almost inconcaivable troublo and mis- chiet. Tho author of the ** Kmphatic Disglot" (8. R, Wells, New Yorlk, 1873) gives thin ns tho litoral rondering of tho Uresk: ** And theso 2hall go forth to the sfonion catting-off, but tho nghteous to tho aionion life* And to this verse o Appends this comprobensve aud sug- gestive note, to which wa u!? #pocial attontion, particularly to tho last clause of | "Tlis common version, aud many modern oues, rens dur Eolusiu wloplon, 'everlasting punishment ; cou- veying the hlea, a8 gencrally interpreted, of basinos, turment, Kolasin, 10 its varlous forme, vccurs in threa other placva Iy the New Toatament,~Acta tv. 21 II, Petor, fi.: U5 X Jokn, fv. s 1. 1t is derived from Kol- acos,” whicls' ignitive (1) 'To cut off, as lojiplug off Uriichen of tried, 0 prune. {3 To restraiy, tb res 1reza, The Giecks write, The chutiuteer (Kulazuu) ro- na bis fery steed, (1) 'L'o chastise, to puuieh, To cut ol an fudividud from hifa, o rociety, or oven to Teelralu, §8 enteetned a8 punivhment ; b has srisen tlo third metaphorical we of the word o primary #iguidication Las been sdopted, becsusy 1t agrees bets tor with this necond nictabor of thin scutence, thus pro- Ferving the force and beauty of the mutithiesls, The rliliteatis guto Lifo, the wickid to the cutting off from lite, or deatl, Sco 1T, Thes, 4,: 0, ‘Iiose of you who dusira ware hatoughly to cxuunue inlo ihe mgoiflcation of sion aud aionioy will Lo greatty sided in your investigation by & volumo upon that subject now passivg through the press from (e pen ‘of the Rov, J. "W‘ Han- son, of tho Nuw Covensut. It fs the most com- vloto and exhauetive disensglon ou tuat toplo within popular tesch, and, so far ad [ know, in existonce, {%efuro turning from this pasrago apd (his Ai- vixion of our subject, your attention should be catled to threo tucts that greatly atrengthon Lo presumption that our Lord dia not, on that oc- sunion, teach the dreadful doctsine of Intormin- ablo pain, T'hede factiaro : (1) Tae puninfument ronounced was ot for actaal personal wicked- neey, but cathor for o noglect of duty, The “ nightoons ™ # clothod tho naked," and vigitad thy ick "3 the “wicked " neglectod 1o do these s other liko decda of merey, The punisiment threatened s not, therefure, for uubuliof or ae- tual persounl sin. (2) Thin passage (Matthew z1v,: 46) oceurs but ongs u tha four gous pols. Tho athor avangelists do uot -~ fne cfudo ft fo tholr Ifves of Christ. And what is erpecially worthy of remark i that, wiile atark }:ivcu a part of the accouut of Lo deatruc~ tion of the lnm}vla. which Matthow’s gospel con- taltus i £l 1liy warrative closes with the in- Juuetion to watchfuluoss (soo Mark, chap, 13), und thus makes no referonce t0 suything sail Matibow Ty the Bavier, uf hke jwport wit] XXV 40 Lut Low shall wo aceonnt for this omiysfon by all the other eacred writers, aud wspevislly by Mark, If Jucus did reallv, u the so-called parable of the Sheop sud the tioats, cunsign a comider- sble portion of wankivd to euuloss sufforing. () The infrequency with which the word sico 13 aerocintod with punishmont in_the discourses of Chuiet, In tho cutiro New Testament tho Wifterent formy of tho word oceurs 199 tinos,—~ tho noun sion 129 times, aud thoe adjoctive alouloa 7L tiues, OQutof theas 199 wustancos, the nidun 18 tu the four gospels applied to punish- uent but toice, viz,, Matibow xil: 92, aud Mark iz 495 and tho adjective but four times, viz., Mautthew xvii: b, Mstthow xxv.: 41-46, sni) Mark ui, 29— all eix tines, though ou but five gceasions, This face wust lmpross every candid stidont of the Bible as of great weight iU this dimcussiou, We atibunit that it iw uctuslly incyediblo thag if aton had, in the veage of Christ, tho forco of endlens, fo that Ho really meaur (o teach the etarnity of torment, Ho would not thus have lef Hiw disclples 1o doubt sy to Lis pUCpose § Lt woula hiaye employed that word 8o frequent- Iy, sud with such emphasia, that uo upportunity would have remained a3 to what 1w tasclis wuy. A the caso now stands, neither Luke nor Juhn record s eingle instanco of its uso by tha Bevior. Matthew presents but four, and Mark but two iustances, Paul eployed 16 but twice in all by cpieties, whilo ueitlior John nor Juwes ailnde to 3t ap sli, ‘I nero Tacts eeom to me gueatly to incroaso tha erolabuiitivs thiat sho popular renderivg of the worda of Unhtiet, in this pessage, is incarreet, and that the doow s ;xrunuuncufi s such &3 le elzswhicre, sud often, visited upon sin. wtur ey eeial tequity iuta the weauing of the Worls of cur Lord fn particulsr payeages must Cud Liery, thougli wo are aware that our ozpori- i 1o is quite Loo briel and incomplete to be sat- | infactory Lo thos who desirs to atady tha sub. joct, Wo have, howerer, brought ito viow afl thosa passsees which In modern arscusson © [ find most relied upon in defenso of thy eteralty i of punmbment, | But let mo add hero. what liag been slready | Lrtetly stated, that thiaas harshi phrases, such nn Ahall fire,® * hath never furpivencas. *firg that whiall novor bo quenched.” ete., sither aro to Do taken literaliv of they Aie not, Fo sine the veadar's or tha eacher'a cone veniencs, thev syould not ho intarprotod either war, at lus dircrotion, If thesa words are to Ly litoraily accepied, thay teach a hell of sctuni firo for tho wiched, 1.Aberal or mutspherieal, 18 the Isrue; ona or ths other e tho atudent cloores: hul ol both at tho samo time. Fina consil ration 13 especiatly commonded to the attention of thoso preachors who reject tho liberal usago of phrancs and inxia hke ihomo apecitied, but who yot, as thoy ray, do beliove in ondless punishent., It would Lo very interest- ug to soime of us to know where, in that case, thay find tha proof for that opton. Yiat if tha words of Chrirt do nok clearly teach this terribie doom for manking, »f the mont that can lpoulbly Lo said Is tuat certaln oxpreeriony of Uis aro ambiguons, are wo not required, iu all fairness, and may we not add in all humanbir, to give Lo 1 Ianguage that constenction which fost completely hinrmonizes 1is fesciimis with each othor, anil with what we hmow of the ctiac- actor of God aud of His affection for buman Bouls, ‘I'na doctrine of the ctermity of punishment lins 10 neceanary relation toany vther Chriatian gentimont, It standu alono, to s speak, out- #ido, as it 1t bad been ndded 1o tho Christian wyatem. Thin wo ray, even for the mamont con- coding the trnthtuiness of the Evaugelical syse tom. _Thero 18 o peod, 50 IAT a8 Wo can sew, thas God rlionld purnsh sin with ondloss doath, tn order to vindicata the majority of aw, or shiow his abhorrenco of sin. I8 18 very eawy to eomprelienl why cerba reigious toneta against which reavon resuli ara still held by the Choreh. Logical cousistoncy demands it “They are 4 1art of & ryatem. But the itegrity of thio Evaugelus! svatem doos not requirethat the pin- uer should be doowed ta nusery wtarminable, Somo otber tata wonld do ss well, Lven aohi- lulation would bo wmois humnne, b this Is not tho worst of the caso. Indless retribution for the siue of Lhis lifo cau uevnr ba heemonized with the gooduces of tiod, With the worda of Cansi thus wterproted, ono pur- tion of His divino mosynge to waantud contradicts mnothor portion of it, T comtradiction in terms and Bpint prestly weakens the suthonty of revealed religlon. ~ But wby interpret Lhe worda of Chyist 8o 88 to sot ous portion of 1lis temclung against tho other? Tho dinleuliy which wo etate is wholly gratuizous and uunec- wesary, L[, iostoad of finting endless pnnish- weut 1m tho words of Jesus, you find only future panishuent, the shadows at once fleo nvay, ani the light of cousstency shines throagh the eo- tire miustry of Christ, In that case yon vinal. eato tho Justice of God, but you du 1ot do so nt 1he cost “of His mercy, Then forgivencss hag its pra{:cr prominenco in tho Chriatian aystom ; tien thero is opportinity 40 adjust ths iegnali- tien of thin life, giving 10 all souls aliko fair clianco : thou tho conscientions boliavor is re. lioved of the awkward oxplanatton concerning infants and the heathou s then God i8 truly sov- ereign, Chrise trnly Savior, Heasen truly homs ; theu you put meaning uto {ho song of Giad lings " which the angals saug at the birth of Christ, meaning {nta tho tears of Gadiweniano, moaning into tho death of Curiat, and meaning, alau, uto that praver of forgiveness which Ifo breatbed ogt upou a wicked world. ~ Why not, thon, adopt this explanation? Why not at ounce and (orever throw aside overy phraso iu overy creod that implica any anch dooms tor the wicked, and necept this moro conmsient andt pmblblo view of the teachings of the words of the Mastar ? - "Tho fact cannal ba dirgrived that tho wholn Cunstian Charch id in 1ebollivn agsinst thiv In- torpratation, Books that repudiato the abom- ivable conception cumie thickly from the )ress, and from uearly all xcats _altke, und permons that hurl logic and fact againat it ara scattered alt avor tho land. Thona pulpita that foar o lot it ga, sud do not wish pquaroly to preach it, will soot biavo to invens s new vocabulary to expross, or concoal, their meaning. Eudions punishment in seldom taught now in aleadibg Protestant pulpit in the Northern States. In those cusos whora professional fidoli- ty sosma to requiro tho administration of the genuine doctrine, the distasteful remodyis ju- diciouly componnded with *soothing-sirap " of uoms kind. or given in the forin of a Aunar- coated pull. Even so foarleas worker as Brother Moody spoaks of future, Inatend of ondless, puuisbmont, it hio refera to tha shadowy side of the Diving govornment at all, which, I am happy to add, ho seldom does, Why, then, I repoat, delay in tho substitution of a’doctrine that is real, rational, Scriptural, for ous that is virtuale Iy rejected by tho whale Christiau world ? Tio {sao i no tritiae mattor, 1t iatoo gravo to bo treated with indifforenco, Groat would be the gmn confd wo but substitute in- Chngtian teaching retribution cortatn but limitod for endicas punishment. There nre thoss who wourn ovor this awfnl doom, in view of their own porll acd the tate of thoso they lovs, with their sympntbies literally Iebied nta pain, 1t tas sent thoussnds to tho mad-honss, and tormented the livea of muilivns, And if, of those rosults, there nro lvsa visble pow, it 44 because the blighting conception is loas firmly held than formerly. Thore {u another clugs of persons who wil to nrcr’)txl\n teaching of Chriat as truo, but this fearful doom for mib unseities their faith inits suthority. Tho nomingl behot is one way, ~the intelligant reason is tho otber. And in this confisod atate thov aro fast drifting into nn- beliof and » religions indiSerencs. And what sliil [ eay of that, alau! large nuom- ‘bor of porndus, in every porticn of the Christian land, who ara alrezdv nt sea in their theology — at sea without kuowing what port they would make, or whers to find the haven thay ought to reach? No donbt many causes havo canapirad to produca thia cundition of things, but promi- uout among thetn is tho anraasonabloness of tho popular covcoprion of holl, aud tho charactor and acts ascribed to God, in what Is erronsounly and most unfortunatoly assumed to bo tho teach- {g of Clrigtianity. Cou'd [t bat ba seou by all that tho words of Christ ara entirely consistent with themassives; that they breathe in evory lino of them the spirit of forgivencss; that God {a truly and alwava ** gaood unto all 3 that thero Ia not a Jesson of boauty, or order, or morey in naturs which the teschiugs of the New Teata- ment da not include, if they do not formally ox- ross, mora wonld ba dono towards centering i affoctions of thousanda of our countrymou in the roliglon of the cross than can well bo csti- wmated. Huroly it is of the Lupghest importauco tlat a doctring whichs has oceasioned s0 much worroyw, whioh fa tho sonurco of much noodlens anzioty, snd of more douut sud downsight un« betlef "than any other single dogpma of tho Churen, should be Lanished from every Chris- tlan farmala. T'he sxamination of tho teaching of the Four Gouvols has contirmed our impression that tho dogma of eudloes punishinent 1s nob coutainod in thio words of Cbriat; but is a figuent of tho Imagination which has como duwn to us from the rudor ages of the world in conneation with other material condeptions of God sud Immor- tality, Theas matoriaf concoptions and the world. 1y policy of the Chugch tave trouafurmed the elmulo faith of Josuw into an fuposing weeleri- asticizm, and substituted for Mis Joying s for- ‘;muu wpirit, as exproseed inwetaphor and pars- ile, the wotaphysical statewents of tha erevd in tho exact language of tha schools, To this geuoral expasition I anticipato thean two obijuctionn: Tho trst assumvs this form ; It the words of Christ liave in thom o little proof of thus territic penalty fur «jn, buw Lappans iv that thls doctriue bas been wo largoly hold by tho Chrigtian Churels and now rocefvos tho support of multitudes of pouple, smong thow wany pers tos of cotical scbolarship, and a thorough famliarity with the doetrines of tho Chitreh in tho oathier centurios? 1 can rondily seo that :]uuunmm of thus nature curry with thow a goud loal of force to thure wha uro with the wajority. It tooks Lo thom au if it wore presumptive ovon to qaustion the acewracy of the accrodited bee liof, and deay the roundussa of tho opions o which the wany Lold, It i poms of fact, thers @ yery Litlo weight iu any such argumout, o-vecially wien wo coneider that provaleus opuivus are ulinmt novor abaudpnod by tho whols commwunly at ouce, but rd roe Jected, it st all, by the doubts of this and that individual here and thare. wihors words atiract attention, and aftor o time, aud it may be a Jouy tiwe, perbaps. aftor thoy kave endared perwoens tion for their supposed "Lereny aud koo 1o their yesi, tholr wordd attract attention and ther fdean vocomo tho accapted belief. Y'an) way but ong sgaust the mavy when Lo stued cu Murg bill inn Athous, and addrossed thu sseowbly thore, Dut ous! And there wore but fow iuall tho | famous T'onibsula of Greeco, sud they not of tho learned snd infucntial, who ldtencd 1o Lis waords without prejudico aud coutewpt, biill thy secds of truth which Lo eowed took Ura rout, and * now shako hko Lobapon.” Relizious liberty is oov of the privilezes of our time. o rejoico 1n it now ax il 1§ wero an *inalievable right.” Dut bow loug has tha Chrisuan Cuurch enjovea this boon? It ia ht- arally a uow gift to Lumavlly, Uatil very re- ceutly the sinfuliions of error wus the alinost uniyeinal bolief of munkind within the limits of Christondom, All the distinguished loaders in tha Protestaut Reformation, with a slugle prowi- nout excoption, bieid to this viow. Luthor. Oal- vin, Melaucthon, Croamus, sodeven Joby Euox, IME CIICAGO . o1l maintained tha doctrine of excinsivn salva. { tion, Zwinglus 1s the cnly ogception, and for his views vy tho tunocence of error bio was as- sailed on all sides, But we need not go go far from homa to find 1linstrations of the saine nion~ tal bhindness. Tho estly settlors of New Ea- + piand wers badly affected by it, Hones they pac- secyted tho Friends, banishod Daptirte, “hung } witehies, and did many sinular acta which it 1 #nfo to say thoir descordants will not ropeat. 1o vou ask, How conid tutellizont people, o4~ i pecially thoss ongaged tn the ceugs of eivil lib- orty, hold such intoieeant ojuona? - Ant, while 1 you wait for ngacr. tun your thonght to the ! Romish Chureh, wheraser vou fud lt, and eon- 1 wder why {4 holda to cie mnfulness of exror ovon i to thisdav, And one does not need to go far -back in the history of ruligious opinious to moot with an alinost universst belie? fu the participa- tion of enl apirite i tho enuesins of this lifo, and eapecially in tha conltolling agency of por- sonal devil. * Christian poople, tot many years agro, regarded it o p fiitho injudivions (o spoak diargspecitnily of his Batanie majesty, Tven that remarkablo man, Luther, who, more than any other, {8 tho fatlier of Protestantisui, **was canivineed that suicides fall not by their own band, Lug by thoss of diabolical emiissaring, who really adjuat the cord or point the kulfe,~that particular spots, ag, for oxatuple, the paol near the sunmit of Mous Pilatus. wore desgcrased to Hatan,—that tha wailings of his vietimy are to be heard in the Lowlings of the night wand," ote, 1¢ our Methodist friends will ¢o back anly fifty sears they wift discover themwelves cwargiug frow an ova of peraccution, couseruent upot their advoeay of frep grace, and tho rejoction of the Coapregativualists’ beliof in eloction and reprobalion, At first thoy wore but s forw agamet iho mauy, and no doubt the leatning of the age fait s dignaty sesailed Ly tha impaitinent critis ciswa of theso Now Lights, 88 they wero cons temptususly ealfod, And I concode it did mecm alincat tho very personification of presumption to denv tho teaehifiluoss of the otemucy of tormonta when John Muteay Legan kit puuistry i Atnorien ¢ and wo do not wonder that ho was publicly ntoned while advocating Gifs viewn fu tao flugue. noty' Chureh. thou located 1 Boston, Masa. On tho eide of this suggestivo incidout in the hise tory of our religion was aftorward erectsd tho epacioss fcwplo kuown ws tho Helionl Siroot Univorsaliag Church, in which Ifoses Raltoy did tho walid work of his powo: ful minia- try, Nodoubl wany sawtly souls regarded it 24 vary proteutious in Father Ballon aud othera of hiko futh to majntain ihat the Bibis did not teach tha otarnity of punishment. Lut what a chango ! Thousands of thoso who then assailcd Liatton and Chauvning, if alive vow, wonld dafoud shom. Tho romaining objection is thia: Evil exists now. 1L has alwvays existed milico the first hu- man paic wae czeated, U 6 bo conmstent wih the pateral clataster of God thud to introduce sud perpetunte evil in this world, wey Is not, with equal consiatency, mtroduce evil into the world 1o como, aud perpetuato it eodieany 2 In Lo Iipilogue b tho Enghsh essayist, Stophions, I find the following coudeused and forciblo onawor to thus objoction. e says: ¢ In our yeasant lifa, traubies, pain, and eorrow are, fu- deod, thickly sown, Dui they oxist swong us a8 anomalics, not nd Juws, —s tho medicinal ang romedial provieions which tho Croative wisdon has infuecd into this ecototny of things,not as the alumate end costemplated by that windom, In this world * nothing terminates on evil i although, n this world, evil 8o ushappnly abounds, Dopot, therofors, 2l the analogies of the Dinue gove eTninent £a1s0 & atrohy presumption sgainst thut intorprotation of our Saviar's discourse which represonts Him as foretolling n future econvmy of thing, in which ovil, not ramodial but penal, not transiout but oterual, is to bo tho doom of tho vast wajority of the chbildron of Adam?" « Nothing termuiates o evil,” ag our autlor hag well said ; nothing in the divine plan originalos in ovil 18 oqually truo. The law ix based upon love ; 1ts purpodo i3 mercital, and ibs object obedienca,” Maa's violation of \uo law of God in siy, and sip atrews sorrow over all ourhfe, Iiut thas tact daes uotchunga the Diviug pucposo inn framiog the law, nor proseut o basia for sha boliof that the offonses of o finfio beiug will be Ifted into tho ranx of an inflwtae result, sd ¢thus defoat tho purpose for which the Iaw way wmede, Trouble, pam, sorrow in this life, if regarded as wnaiualiue, aco conaistent willy the puoduwes of God; but If thoy oxist as fawa—-if they siand in the Divine plan as fizad rosulte—thoy ara obviously incvuwstent with that goodnosa, and with tho teuching of Chost vn voveral occasions. In concluding this sermon, which from ity Iangth I foar hny alrendy taxnd your pationce, [ am rotmindad that iu tha Judgment of many the doetrino that tha ponaity whict Christ threalons for ain is not endloss punisnment, but limited, morciful, and romedial, is of hurtful morsl in< tluouce, ' So deop in the stain of ovil iu the hu. | man beard snd so fuveterate its corruption, that i thoir opimon, the Auncuncetasut of say pen- uity short of the oternity of tormont [s insufli- ciont to turn 34 naida from sin, Lvery fraukly ' doclate that I da uat In any way participste in this anxioty. I find that the proclamation aud gonoral uu:l)taucn of thig torriflo popalty has not stemmed ‘“tho headlong current of fn- iquity,” and has not cxcited an alarm corre. spouding to the alleged exuoeura, Furihormore, tho dooirind i now very gonersily regarded a4 uureasonable and “fmprobablo; aud thus @ every day lomiug s restrafuing power over tho minds of tho minful, Bo far wm I, then, from sharlog 1n thia anxioty, 1t {8 my deliborate conviction, which {s con- ntantly increasing fo intonsity, that the interoats of tho Christino re!g;mn and the wolfaro of hn- maaity alike domand that this doctrine of the andlogdnsed of pumshment bo oponly aud vig- orously repudisted by overy branch of the Church. 1ts presence iu much of our theology lu, [ truly belisvo, mourally huretul, It takos at- tention from resl ovil, mnd scoks to fasten jt upon an yesuwed pe) The actual davger is thus underrated. Educatod to beliove that this doum for the slonor ir taught fu the Bible, as tho reasnn repudiatos tho dreadful cuncaption, many aro lef¢ nob only without adoquato ro- utramnt, but, baving falso conceptions of tho danger of siufuiness and tho avils to be saved from, they aro half persusdod that thore isnoth- mz 0 foar in o wayward und perverse wall. A1l such teaching detracts from sho sinfuluos of sin, Tbers can hardly be, for o child, moro injuri- ous 1ostruction than that which wooks Lo estura good conduct by fuprobsblo siories about “beans” *liony," aud othor Like nursery iuven- tous, Findiug theto stories falso, aud wvontw! warsly to frighten inlo temporary obadience, all spponls based upon proper grouuds sre lass eftactual, wnd for » titne, at least, ura alnost powerless, Do not foarfut of tho truth. That {s what wo wmost neod, Besidos, the question 1s nos any longer what the peoplo ought to beliove, The scehool-house aud an emancipated inellect bave come to Lo patunt sgeuctad in detersuniug what tboy must sud will bulieve. Our religion munt Lo rational. The toaching of the Church must not defy common #uuse, uOr mock tho hest portion of our nature, Theology 1wnst drop ont of ita ntatemonta whatover fs uunauthorized by the words of tho Lod, Aud the uooner that [s done tho better. Howover some may regard this serman, it is, ou tuo part of the author of it, an hLouest at- tompt to call m@"“ attentlon to tho perils of o wioked lifo, aud to awakou iu all whom my wordy way rench an earnout desiro to avold thow. Ths life on carth s tho most real fact with which wo biava 2o do. Wo find ourselves on this planst. Fora fow yoars wo look upon tho stury thst llaat as ivlandsju tho kea of tus unknown ; and thou wa pass away. Out of mystery wy camup, surrutided by mystery we live, mod inwo mystery wo go, av whas wo call dvat, As wo walle ‘the etreets of timo heavy bur- deny aro placed wpon ud, Bowe of theso aro _tho result ot our own willfal wis. conduct, 801mo of ikuorance, snd vowme throuzh ngencics wo could not control, We wee copt our fat, But we can sccept it with far more chesrfuluess aud restiuation 11 wo are perausdod that the ear of tho Almighty is opeu to our cry, And s wo suryey tho immorial stalo **through o glasy datkly," und you through o mediam that rovenls to ugsometbing of the world of wpliits, what concoption of at lifo can Lo more com. Phuu And salutary than that which Jesus gives *(iod Ja love.” Love now aud always; io bimo and oterpity, ITe can nover bo auy luss than that. 13t eharacior i6 immorial, 1he porsonal guabi- tios which result frow our living becouio m part of our kentity, 2ud ko wah us bovona ihe grave. Dark ura tbo dentiuclan ug which the Lord provouuced agaings willtul vin, Lot us all Lo warned by them, Lty dack 89 tlsy are, thoy do not slsut out all hojio for tho einnor, Iatri- bution for wn, & cortain and sure punmbmuat for all wion, i+ stamped upou aimost overy puge of the Ward of Giod, but it In ths retribu- uon o love, und i3 adwisisicred by a tatosily boud. Eundiess pumshwent 2—fival ani perpetuai separation of mankind i—Gul in authotity uvor but & part of 1w groat feanly of human souls 7 Whaty then, bocomes of His suvercigity ¢ Gad, you tull 1o, is goud. MNow lung s B good # Witu iv ifo wood? Whou does Ilid goudnany end? Waa Ho good when Ho mnade suy such !Auqllty 24 that for any cuild of Mis? Was o s aving fathor whyn 1ie eo framod tho plan of sal- vation? Wil le be n_ loviug fathier, whon, at denth, ITo censes to bo intoresied iu the wallara of Mivchidren? Ab, whou you thus ropioseut God, you virtuwlly bauish the Fatbor from tho throne of the universe, sud put fnexorablo law or an anfesling judgo 1 s place, Ioaven? What kind of & heaven is that iu which we can Lo Lappy with two-urdy of b0 save Lok ouly ab- TRIBUNIS: MONDAY- DR sont, but §o holl<banlslied from Gad P My tosed ouea bammhed from God 2 Tiut that s to bapish tham from mo, And yet 1 am hanpy ? AVhat has became of the rytupathies of iy na- ture, of the biglor Aentimints of manhood ? Are thov all sirivoled 0p n me, so that [ may ho rocuneilod to the ways of GGod, and not griove at the broken famuly around His throno? la that tho heavon you promiss mo 7 Nay; I do not wish it. Toverontly I say this. Iathor 1ot tho onrth that covors my body also bury my sonl, 1 can forego that hsaven rathor than refoivo ovor she misery of the sbrent—~rather than bo fndif- ferent, oven to the welfaro of others, Iut, thank Qod, —thank God,—this {s not lioaven of tho Biblo. snd such {8 not the pictura which Chtist holds up to woary human souls. From that patatod by tho hand of man wo wurn away; to that paintod by tho loving Christ wo look aisd tefores. ——— BE THOU CONTENT, AEYMUN BY THE REV, DR MUSSING. The foilowing {8 the sormon dellverod by the Toy. A. J. Messing at tho Wabash Avenug Tab- ernacle, Baturday, Doc, 11, The toxs was & And Exau aald, £ have cnoach (sl Jacoh sakd) “Tuke, T pray thon, lecass oy dealt gra: clously' with tae, and becausa I bave a pieaty of all (lave moro than envugh]. " —(enexis 2221, : 911, What a splondid pleture thua atandy rovealod to tue wiud's eye ! Two brothors moet, design- ing to destroy one auobhor ; the one, movad by hatrod and rovengo, advances with 400 warriors 80 that o may mnake auro of his purposes of do- struction and d2ath, And tho ether, though eccking to coucilinto tho tirst, if pussivlo, is yat armed and prepared to aell is life very doarly ¢ Wilt blood flow ? 8hall another fratricllo bo committed ? No ; at this vory momont broth- erly-love and human affoction celebrato their nobleet triumph, Tho furions Esau darts but a singla glanco at Jacob, who stands awaitng him in the position of ono supplicating his forgive- 1Ay ¢ thoir oyos moaet § o ety of joy broaks from their hipg, sud weeplug lours of joy they rush into cach othar's arms, Jacub mow of- fora Heau rich gifts which tho late tor refuaes, eaying: T have enough*; but Iacob ia not pleasod with this rofusal and hoartily peays of lug brather to ascent his gifta becauno God had doalé gracfously with nim: It is, my frionds, nat this last. soomingly freotovant, part of this Biblical atory whicl shall accupy onc attontion to-day, Lot u3.ngaiu look npon this picture, Wa soe two men, sacl e are rarely, i£ over, foutid in onrdays,—two mau con- tont. Both have ‘ ononch” of eArthly possva. Biong,—ayo, ono oven says (hat he kayg *' more thau onougl,” What » moral for us! Whon Lavo wo *onough™? When aro wo satistied ? Whorever wo tuct, whonioyor o Bk, —nil com- pluta of * hard litnes " ; dinsstisluction 18 plainly written on every countenusnoe. It 1s, in fact, tho srorat gign of the timod that tho rien and the poor vis with each ather 1a complaint and discontent. How theso tivo ovila, sproadiug lika & contagious discaso, alfect ovan thoss of whom wa know Lo & cortainty that thoy lisve no possi- Ulo reanon for complaint. Aye, it would appear 88 though tho rich became pourer wnd more dis- autistiad 1o propartion ea tholr woalth increxsad, Wo all bave fallen victimg to thia diro conta- Fion,—Bome mouro, BoLIL Joss Boverely, bub ail to womo oxtent, Truly, mauy a ono has n griovous burden v bear, and to lLim tho times must appear hard and bitter; but havo we ot gll, iu oarller yoars, known tien who, evon uuder such circumstancos, could ho comparativoly hiap- ;)y and content? Why couhd thoy bear thew hurdons thuy cheerfully, und why caunot wo ? Bocause mon have grown proud with woalth, snd domand that which they should seok with bumility. Man vo louger couidors his possos- pions—bo they great or small—ay ity from God; ho doos not #ay, ** God biax desit iracions- Ly with wo,” aud therofore he findga fanlt with Heaven and earth, hia fellow-men, and himmolf, And yot it ia undonbtodly the intontion of the Alunghty that wo slhiould onjoy our lives, I there not more joy than pullering, mora health tban sickness, more hiborty than {mpris- onment? Do wo uot build up “atora thau wo toar down, laugh oftouor than wo weop? ‘Pruly, there is mnel undegorved sufforing on this earth. bus tho rolative number vf theso suflerers s small, and who can teil where sultering has como undeservedly 7 When we sulfer n boresyvowent, when tho davs of mourming cono upon us, W0 ololaim, * Why i this periitiod to bofall una#" Dut have we s word of thanka for tho mauny Lours ol gladness and rojoiciug which beannfy our ives? Do wo thank him preperly for ail theao gifts ? Agaln look npon the picturn of Jacoh prosont- od to ug in Moty Writ : Bocaawe ho had ohuyol his mother in her bohest With regard to Luw father's blosring. bhe drpw upon lamsolt his brothor's hstred 5 yot youug, compelled to fly {raw Lotne, feacful of s brathar'y rovesgo ; o a foroign Jand ho servod 85 p shephorid for twonty yoars, and what ho sulfeced during this period he doscribua as follows : * Thesa twenty years bavae I been with thee (Laban)., » , . Whore X was in tho day the hoat consumed me, and tho frost by wighit. and sleap departed from my oyes," “Laban, his fmborin-law, then sousht to doprive bim of the bard-asrned fruits of tweuty years of toil, and only s tiick saved for him what be bad earned. " Now ho wishol to bo free, ho and bis made their oscape from slavery and wolatry by fight ; they wore pur- »ued, eaptured, nud ouly o miracle “averted the thronteusd rovenge. At last, when noar hiy home, Lie learned that his owu brother wought bim, but to be his destrayor. Aud attar all Lheso Lrinls, ho sald, wiht aeop humility ¢ 4 O, od, I amn not worthy of all the kindness and of all tho truth which Thou hast shown Thy ear- yunt, for with a sta(f I passed over this Jordun, aud pow I mm bLocomo two bavds." 0O, bow many of w3, wow amouyg the rieh and ~ great, bave, liko _Jacoh, atiractod tho hatrod of the ** brother Esau," bacauso they hiad followed thio bidding of * Mother Religion™; have crossed tho groat Jordan (tho o:unns’ only with stafl In Laud ; uave fonght the battlo of lity 1n a distant and strapge land ; like nmo Jacob, Liava sorved msny a Labso, and toiled bhard and faithfolly ; avd Gually huvo reachod tho goal, have bacome fraq citizons of & froa nud blassad country, whoero ** Lanu," rencutant of his ro- vouge, Toceived thom with opon arms ; have grows top Juio many * bavds,® and tionors aud wealth beon bestowed upon them, aud yob twoy complain! Complain of hard timos! They tind fault with Piovidence only bucaude $hoy do not conbistie amassing woalth i oxack nccordanco with their dosires! And they should not act thus, for it is contrary to buman resson. Ol let us bo bumblo, 80 that we way uo longer considor the Divine gifts wlieh liave boen bLestuwed upon us as our just due, Ouly tbrough bumanity cun wo bocoma contous, sud oven during hard timos we should gratefully remember tho bouelits of boltor days, and say to our poorer broshior, **Take, becauso God Lath dealt graciously with us." But, my frionds, thora are also olhors among us who feol 1he prossure of theés bLard, closs 1imba too weveroly ; thoss whoss compiaiuss are partly !unmnd, bacause in epito of long and hard abor shey hava accuruulated nothing, und who, in such times s theko, can baroly obain tho moro necesnities of lifo. How oau wo be cou- tout? they exclmum. ‘Aruly, it is hard to seck contentment Bmong such surroundioge, Mvon tha bopo of bettur times to como fuils horo, Dut Jot wus meek 1o draw wowe causolatlon for theso brothron froud thal common wphing of lifo which sunds forth the otor- nal sirsaw. of Joy tor sl mau- Kind, s hab 8)l, rich or poor, may drink of it pare flood. God hiwwell Las wivon us this sonrce, from wlneh we may ub all lwies draw huppinoss and contestmoeunt, 1loar what the “HBprivg of Lifo"” suyd touds o thou cope tent; bo contout fu sute of hord times, for I Lave beatowod upou tbeo, o acgompsuy theo in thy jouraoy through Nhfo, valuable ipfts of wich tho Limen caunot dobrive oo, unlass through curclessnees thou whould Joso thom, whou thou cunst ot buy thwn back on this cartls, When thou wast crestod, § wado thes n man an e dmage of Qod, and bostowed upon thoo renson wnd wisdow, In thy bLoat 1 wob the pricelres gem of Juve; upon thy head I piacad $ho crown of wisdow ; 1 girdat hy loius whili the power of doiug good (o olbers. In'thy bauds I placed thio Book of Kuowludyge to gunlo thua ou thy jouraey, sud teach theo thy mulie‘ viz.: Besevolonce, Churity, uud Coutout- went.” Lull o, my friendy, {¢ thero one among us who does not poascss wll thuao 2 Da you kinow ot ung sitch wau? Nemumber how bigh you ae olovatod 6bove tLo reat of viuubion ; wha facul- Lion npo ucden withla you, Aud aro not theso weultl, which s yonrs, thouxls you may bo puor in moncy 2 - What alcher proporty thurae thay tho love of our Ielluw-wen 7 g thore any ono who lws mever ex- periouced tho joys ot Jove, wud eaw you buy theso With mouey ¢ How can yon complain, fsthers, when you ¢su say; Gud hao wade me ilis ropro- soutalive for theds, my vhyldren, Can you flud fault, motbery, when you couidor that God ar- datned you to take cars of the clildron, aud thnt througll you thoy flud Lhappinves? Indeed you canuot. “Aud thoso who grumble do pub kuow whiat tressures thoy nughl possoss bub yoi ros Ject, What a divina (yenanro llos in vur pow- ur to aid othely, aud do we not all powscss 1, wven to the vory poaroat, for ho who can gire pohing else” can At Jeast lood bl otrepgtls 0 (ho weak, &id iy Hlier 1a it not happincas to be abla to say thnt tha toachings 1 puseoss soable mo 10 <mpvohend etornity, and to Jabor toward it 2 Throwgh thesn teachings natloos hava bean led fram out of the gloot of ignorance and fdulatry. Thay tanght me the nollo maxim, ** Love thy neghlor av thypelf,” “‘Flay pomnt ont the great dostiny da- aguod for ua all, riends, afl thia woaith of foeliug belonizs aliko to tho rich and tha poor, ubd yet ean yon ba disgatixtied, LIRS thou art rich, therefoso * 1a thou contont.” And have we not, ns citizenn of thiv free country, spectn) eauno to foo) happy and thauk- tal? [ore all {4 light aronud us. Supsratition atd projudivo havo vaniaued like tho rhaden of nleht, dissipatod by the golden punabive of libe orty, ¥roadont of 1oligiun and coneciente, thoso boous for which our fathots suffored no muach, Lley ato freely ours in thi our now fathorland, Droud goatitutions of lenrning are reared in our midut, where no ono In asked as to what ho be. Tiavoy, but a3 to what Lo knowa ; whera tho clul- dren of all citizens have equal tights, and ara taught (o bo free and useful mea aud women, flero the manver i which ono serves his Cientor makes no differonce ay Lotwenn man and mab, ant no ono can o porse- ented for hilwrutiglons belisf, Millions of men dwell toguther peacefully uuder the protection of 1aws enactod for tho Staln unly, hob for_the Church, What autforings did not our forofathers tndergo, secking that “wlich wo now posscsa, Wo aro froe sndoqual efiizens of n free and powerful country. W aro considereld as mon, rogardloas of whal wo boliove or _possoss. Thorelora lot us Lo glad and coutout, T.ol each of uA ¥uy, **Lam hot worthy of all this kind- news,’ And oven thuso who may Lo Midorablo can Aeek congolation i the fact that they may rolioyo thelr porrow-filiod hoearts by communion with our Fatbor lu Hoaven, Who will, if thoy aro worthy, receivo tbom lovingly. 'Though'down horn men may ropudiato thom, ot them yray to 1iim for ald and protection, Jovo and commisoration. 1o s angry but fora monsent, 113 Jove is inthuite, Wy, then, brothton, aro yo cast down? lo ya content, and_say 8t a1l times in thy words of Jucob, ‘tiod nath deslt graciouely with mo." Amen'l ———— MISCELLANEOUS, BUNDAY-8CHOUL INSTITUTE, Spesal Corraspondenca of The Chicaan Tribuna, Laxawa, Mich,, Dec. 11,—A Sundag-School Instttuto was beld by tho Bunday-School loata of tho Michigan Laptist State Conventiou, at Jonln, Doc, 7and 8. Tho followng Loplcs wose discuggod: *“Tha Work of the Institute,” by $. O, 'Taslor of Iouin, * Racipracal Relations af tho Church and Sunday-8choo),” by E, J, Fish, of Ironson; “Tho Adult Class,” by Nr. Hutching; *Iho Buporintondeny snd 1lis Waork," by N. U. Mallezy, of Delroit; “Tha Normal Claws," by Z, Grepell, of Bay Ofty¢ *Mis«fon Hehools," by, I, . Crossy, of Tontiao ; * Tralaing tho Young in Bonovolonce," by D. Crosby, of Lansing; v 'The Use of tho lackboard,” Mr, “Grouoll; #'io Tonchers’ Mesting,” by W. rman, of Uwosro; “Tho Teuchor Studyin by I, Pottit, of Ovid; * Praige-deeting,™ by D. Crosby; ‘“The Teachor Toaching," by I. Tovessy; “Tho Teashos's Aim,” by Mallory, RESCULD FROM A WRECK, The Stery Teld by a Passenger of tho Halile, Detroit Free-Pren, An interosting story of 8 pobla work of lu- maaity, performud by tho oflicots and seamen of the White Star steamer Baltio on hor 1last trip from Now Yorl, 1a told io a privata Jottor from o pessanger of the Baltic to a fricnd 1 thia aity. Woappend tho letter, which was wrilten oo bourd the steamor, off Quosnutown, Nov. 24 ¢ *40n the night of tho 18th, when wo were roll- ingand tumbling sbout inn heavy sea, somo diggula wers goon to the nurthward that our first ulficer at Hrst mistoak for a stoamor, but being undecided a8 to what tho wiguals meant, Lo calied tue Captain. By that timoe the Laltio bad got out of mlght of tho supposad stoamer. Cant. Gleade)), Tearing it mn?lln. bo a wrecl; at_ovco turnad tha ship out of bor conro sud mado for tho Jizhls, It was nuo uieamer, but tho ship Oriontal, of Nosth Shlolds, from Lundon, boind to 8t Jobn, dis- wasted sod in o siuking condition, The crow wore waking siknaly by burning tar 1o a barrel on lier deck. This gave ber somewhat the sp- arpuco of o stoamer iu the distanco, Tho m‘u-hunt wan faunclied and Chlef Ollcor Irving touk corwmand, aud, notwithstanding tho wrock was rolling aud plunging tn o frightful manoor, {ha aixtoun mon ou hor deck were takon off in two tripg withont Ltie slightest accident. Tho managoment of the bost was u porfect uiystery touy laudwmen. It luoked as though they weto suse to bo dashed to picces al any moment. Wlion the crow cuma on lioard, which was about 3 ®, m. tho stemmer thon having beon waiting for throa towrs, Lho rescued Coptain told Cape, Geadoll that ton wen had deserted the ubip in Lwo bonts tho proylous dJay at noon, Their loaving their comrades without boats wag & most dastardly act of woltishness, ‘The weath. er had beeu #o bad tho whole day and night that thero sociwoed wno chanco of finding theso poor wretebos alive. 1lowover, when Capt Gloadell heard this story ho esid ho would stay by tho wrecl till daylight, and not give thewm up uotila thorough search was mado, ‘the bight was cloar, aud wo biad tho Light of tho woou sud the light from tho wreck, which lad caught firo from tho {ar barrol aftor tha crew loft, snd way 1now o mass ot flames, Wo should bave thought it was o bosubiful, slght, from an artistic point of viow, Lad not the jiorll of thoso ten mon been v our thovghts, Tho Bal- tio kopt slow ‘stcam ujp and weut round and rotnd tho wreek in gradually incroasing circlos fill daytight, h“il‘é“‘l fo flud the wmisslng boat, At daylight the Baltic was poluted to tho south. west, tho dircction the Caplainof tho Orisnial lost snwy tho bont steoring, and about 8:30 a tiny tlag waa seon occastonally Juwmping op from be- tud a larga wave. Iy s fow miuutes the bost was alougsida, aud by caroful maunagemont her crow got out aud eho taken up on the davits for- ward, whoro slo now is, a rolio of tho 4 ood ship Uriental. 1t sooms tho mea left tho ship in tvo boatn, but one ol thom bocame disabled and thoy oll got inta ono. Iad it not boov that wo worg Llown & fow miles outof our course bg tho gale of the day befors we saw tho wrec) (Quring which wo lost five amls, blown to nb- Lona by the galo), wo never shonld havo soou it at all, sud the twenty-six mon sayed—ler ontire crow—would have Loen loat jv a day at tho most. Huch acta of kindnosa and humamty I think should bo noticed, as it is no swmall watter to utop o great steatmer 1 & hioavy soa for aigut or tou honry, and altor bior courso, for tho almost hopeless chanca of J)lc\shu: up & Amall boat that Lad loft nearly s day abead, Thoro was very littlo chanco of the boat belug ontov of tho watar unywhoio, 83 the wosthier had been ao Lad that uo ono would havo thought & enall boat could posaibly Lave survived tho nighe." ————— A POOR OPINION GF CALIFORNIA 1o tha Editor af The ehie Ha~ Fraxcisco, Cal., Doe, 1.—I wish to say o fow worda to thio pooplo of Iliinols and Western Bistes, throngh the columws of Tue Tsivusg, in rogard to the immigration {o this Btato, Y'he omigrants aro leaving & country so much supo- rior to this that thoro id ho comparison, I have Leon a8 far south on thiy cosst aa tho Mexfoan hiuo, and L have not seen » spot, in traveliag a diatance of 1,500 miles, that can be compared to any part of [Itluols, For agricultural purposes it willt not do, as the seakons cannot bo dependod ou, It is u very dry, barren country, dovold of Wimber and rusning stronws, (ram this place ta Moxico. You cavnob find auy timber whatever from San Diogo to the Colorado Itiver, with tho axcoplion ot s fow cottonwoods alobg tue Col- orado River bottom,—that v, ou the San Diego route ; and, on the upper youte, from Wilming- toun to Yumn, there Ia no timber aud very iittlo water. Tho farming lands consiat of Iittlo wountaiusyalleys, from 200 to 300 yards in width, aud of o vory great lenglh, runuing up agsinsy tho motvtain, 1 am led Yo mako this communi- oution thiough tuo past, present, and coming immieration. 'Thero 18 golog to bo s great amaunt of hardshin hiere bo this Hiate, the com. iy year, on scgount of this jullux aud the azenly tlat aro lepponsible for it should bo ban- ishied 10 some way, “Uinnis the groatest {yaud of u country on the facoaf the aurch, sud § spoak from vxperiouce, When comiug np from Arlzons, abont five yoard agu, thero was a party of Chicsgo tourmty on bLonrd the Oriasbs, who bad becn dows aronnd Ran Jvipo lovking ab the ecountry, Anioni thow was an old farmor (o Bangamdn County. 1 got enygeged in conversaon with Nim ; and ho, learning that 4 was from Arizous, wistied to kuow what kind of a couutry It was. 1told i, 1le upked me if it was dnythg like tho country around Han Disgo, I told biw that, to my view of thiuking, Ithouglt 1t was about the game kind ol A country, Lul probably bardly na good, ns I boheved they ealled the Bun Diexo locality u warvel of good faud. Ife re- plieds * Py gum! 1thought wo. 1 would not Kive mg far fu Baugsmon County for wvory uero I hayo woen on tho coast™ ; wud T honcatty think bu was right, {upes, with lis reaman, his apnunthy, his Mnrfl.’ CHINA. ixtractn from t(ha Diplomatic Correxpondence, Haorrors of tha Coclio Trado in Caba-. Chino:e Cadeta for West Point ~-Opium-Smoking. Hostilliy of the Chinese to Tnfernal Tme provenients==sA (hiness Atnazon, Corveapandene¢ New Tork Tribtne, WAstIgaTox, Dec. B.—0no of*tho most {ntor- esting topies 1o tho diplomatie corrcapondencoe letwaen tbe Legation of tho United Siates in Clitun atd (ho Stato Departmost 1 the l[ALTlv!HAT,\IEST OF COOLIET 13 etind. Tha Chiuose Government during 1974 probib- ited the emigration of Chineso to Citba, and ine aumuch ag tha Spanish Charge '\uires com- Plainol that it was & violation of the Lreaty of 181, n Commission wan kent to Cubs to inyesti- gato tho condiiivn or tho Chinese. It was agroed botween tho ropresentatives of tho two Governmonts that tho report of this Commis- milasion should bo submitted to tho reprosonts- tives of Great Britain, Rusaia, the Unitod States, Traoco, and Gormang, who wero lo decldo whether Chinn was Justified in puspending cmi- gration. Tho Conumission reacked Cubs In Mareb, 1874, and returned to Peldng in Javuary, 1875, The dopositions of nearly 1,209 conlics woro taken, Tho Iate Minfster Avery thus snmmod up the caso as 1Y 18 presontod by tho papors from the Yamen and the Connissluncra : Tho treaty of 1804 proviides for freo emigration only, and tho complets protection of tho_emigrant, with leavy $o returu to Chius ab the expiration nf Wi ser- wlee. In vislation of this treaty, Chilnese have been Kkiluapped by forcs or myelgied by falsohond, They Tave Ueen coufied and treted Tiko prizouera in 1ho arracoons sk Macao, denled necesy o teionds, ntimi- datet ot ducelvod fitto Mg et contactt ship Jed ko slaes, and eniiely trested on tho Yyaye, A(gh or nitio out of evary ten hiave been _couveyed to Cuba against thelr will, * Among_tho kidnappad wero rome persons of literary and oiflelal rauk, who are 1w held to unwilllug Iabor, Maty jumped over- Toard on the vogage, wild at the fraud practiced upon thiem, or erazed witlh tho sufTering they ondured from overcrowding, iith, and fusufclent food. From the ‘mama causcs many died sbip's Lol and wero thrawn overbosrd. Altogether, i in Aated that one 4n ten died on the pasasge, Arrived {n Guta, thetr eer- vicos wero sold At a groat profit ou tho cost’ of trans- vortatfon, Witvesrew stat that * each Clinesa de- coyed or kiduaphed wa disposed of for @ kuny varying fram 8160 Lo $1,000,” Tha rate of wages st which thay arccontracted is, telativoly to {ho Lighor pricen of oyeryiing in Clba, v lian they would rooeivo b Chtia, and fnsuilelent for thetr wanta, leaving tiem litt1o of nothing st tho ond of aterm of labor, Then they aro kopt at work much beyoud the ten horrs dally provided fu tho réguiations, ar devled Lolldays, aro ieaten and mutiiated, st fnaueleutly fod, and feon tuera caunes din (n Isrge numbers, Wien thetr con. tracts explro, {nstead of beiug ollowed thelr freedom if thiey rofuse o rocontract themsclyes theyarn treafud a8 vagrants, and put upon the publle works Hko con- victa, natil they ro-cagaio thewmaalves, or are sold fnto service. At the end of thir wecond contract thoy are Aain Bubjected to the sstuu rofsirestment, Aar: ders and eufelde, stoknoms nud doath, follow euch a wigtehnd existenico in many esses: and out of anore than 140,000 who liave gone to Guba sinca 1847, whon the trafiic Legan, only (0,600 romain ailve, Tuirtty thousaud hinvo died sinca ho traaty wan made in 1864, Of tho 144,423 Chinoso fn all who 1o Cubs, 99,143 wunt’ {rom Mavao alons, sud $3,604 vt this number, siter the date of the convention by which Macao was excluded from the loealitina ot wilteh the engaginy of codlies waa perniited, only 1,200 laborers wery shipped from Cliness porta ‘subseqitont to tho treaty mudo with Spain ; for at thoso porta tho Imperial custonrs authoritien nnd forelgu Conduls wore an olfect Jva olieck on the {rmio of erimpe anl kidnappers, ‘Tho Cowunissloners say thiat nearly sll tho coolies they met iuQuba bore evidouce of {il-treatment, aud had tales of mufferivg ta tell, They would glauly return houe, hut tho withholding of certificates of complotion at the end of tho torms of labor, the dotontion in de- yols, tho forcod re-cngagoment for long terms, the trealinent of them whou dlsenyaged as vogabonds, tho extartluue practiced upon them, tha high rates at wiiich passports ore charged, make cacapa from tho {rland extromoly dificult, Allogether iho svidence o4 10 Ahow 3 syatem of fraud, perfidy, and cruelly uunurpossed dn'the snnala of' negro slavery, It ia quite Likely thnt somo of tho depositions mag be dls- Lonest or exaggerated; thab tho vers worat fostures in 10 tha coalin Leaftla are put moat prominent, an that sonio things charged as wrongs may be justitied or sattalaciorily expisiucd; Lut, after makiug theso clinritablo sllowsnces, ‘thore” I8 o largo restduum of simplo (ruth, going to show auch injuxtico and fuhu- wanity at make ouo sbudder, ‘Tho ropresoutativos of tho five powers, appro- Lionding that tho srbitration would be long and todlous, ondeavored to find an easlor modo of sottlemont. Ministor Avory gives a minute ao- count of the nogotiations botweon tho arbitra- tors, tho Spanisk Cuargo d’Affaires, and tho Yamon. The conlerenco finally broke up with- ont rosmdt. Mr, Avery mays: Witht tho most carnest divposltion to achiove & sottle- ment that shall provide for hutnane treatment of the poor Coollen, prevent auy but voluntaty emiyration ou alr terma in the future, sud do Judtice to Chiaa without offending tho amour propre of Spatn, the five representatives bave found their task so far vory try- tug ad dificult, " The Chlneso fecl so atrong in_ thelr cato that fhey ueldently expect arbiteation would ro- nuli 12 & verdlct more satistaclery to thelr pride thea o fricndly scttlemont on a basis of mutual concvesion. 1t 1s darlesa o reason with them furihor, They ars fat mora likoly Lo com to terma if wa present 0 thom squarely {hia alternatlve of ludetnits prolongation of w quatretalosady of turee years’ ianding, waich may possshly bo mado more unplessant for them by tho course (hat {he iow Bpanish Alulatar may pursue, In ono of his interviews with tho Vicercy or Qoveruor-Geoneral of the Provinco, LI Hung Coaug, Mr, Avery was asked whothor CUINEGY COULD BE ADAMITTED TO THE MILITARY ACADEMY AT WERT POINT, Alr. Avery, in his lattor to My, Lish, wroto ¢ The act of Aug, i, 1561, * For the Ueller organiza- tion of the wiitary estabiishment # (Statuics st Large, vol. 12, p, 8%, Bee, 8), requires from each ca- det au oath of aileglatico to thio Countitution and Gov. eroment of tha United Btates, Thla rojuirement, which woull scom (6 bave Lren dictated by the sad experience of Lad falth afforded by tho Rebollion, 1s, 80 far as I can nscertaiy, tho only bar 1o the admisslon totbe Military Academy, fu tho disoretion of tho I'residont, by appofutmiuns as Iarge, of any Chineao haviug the prescribed ags wud® literaty qualis fcatfonn sud this, 3F I am rigut have not overiooked eoms esvential act, ‘wonld bo 1o bar {n the case of & Uhinese applicant qualj- fiud 83 abovo and willing to take the prescribed ocath. As it t8 probable, lumevir, that no Chiness wonld cars to denstionaliza himeel?, sud ss the very objsct in viow would boto it Liluinclf for usefulaess to hiv na~ tive country, the only practical queation remaining 1 1his ¢ Wouid tho 8iafo Dopartmen: or the War Degari- ment; or both, be willing to recommend, and would Congiresn Le willing 10 authorize, as & matter of good will tu Clina, and as 8 means of helpsng this Empirs €0 8 Just approcistion of Western sclence, the apj ui- ment by the Prosldent of a lnited numbar of properly qualified Chiness into the Milltary Academy, without requiring ut them tho vath of alléglanca to the United Btaten? 1f authority to thin cud were granted onn, twa, or threa experimental n[-\km.!mmcm- might ba made s by raloctions from ilo ranks of (ioss Olinove ilenta 1 American achools who have lattarly by it over by the Ohiuess Goveruwent under tho cliatro of & specll Commuudonor, Yuny Win, who is biwwelf a graduate of one of our colleged, The spockal frichdliaeas ond confidence feli. toward (ho Uniied Wiatea by Chiun aro evinced by her preforence of our country to any other for the edueation of & portion of har peopls In our lsuguago, loarning, snd arts, Iem aurc that the adimissiun of ‘& fow Ofinous, oub of tha 0,000 1ivIng {1 our country, to the Military Avadem, Wouid onhianes (4o Hoodilh wujoyed by Wy moutl contributo to tho enlightcnment und advaneement of Lia poople, and would ultimately redound to our material advancoment, "Tho custom of receiving forelgn envoya at tho Imgorfal Court {8 now thimly eetabllsbod, bus Mintstor Avory’s account ot his FILWT BECANATE AUDIESCE WITIT W13 MAJELSTY {s ratker strikiug: "Flio throne was on & ralsed platform, ar dals, tu tho ecnlro ut Lavk, alsg faclug tho soutl, enabling tho .ir;:um fnftuence which 18 supnosed to yadiate from the Hine perur (o lusti forth over bia whols people, That It anight uot be obstructed, I was coudieted, with Mr, Williama as intorpreter, by 8 aido way futo the pavile ion, advancing tlesce 10 the front, mud then, turne m*. apjepaching with thres Lowa the leng, law, ellow LU0 faciug the thro: The Emperor aat a la urqus, At bis foft stood Princo Kuag, and on Lis riglit aud Jeft othor Irinces of tho Llood and bigh otls cinls, strotching {0 cireulsr limes duwn to the floor, ‘Lo “spoctacly was ot withuut cossldesable state and 1mposing offect, 1 addrossed Lo 1ha Emperor 4o ros marks given in ‘nclosure ¥, which wepe pext rens dored in Ghiness by Mr, Whitamy, sud theu do- pomlted e Dresident’s Lofler Tof eredonco of tho table beforo me. Tho Lmperor slightly fuclinel his head fn ackuowlediment, whien Drince Ky, kueelluy, received Lis yorbal com= inand to eay tust bo acknowledyed tlhe recelpt of tho Troujdent's lettor abd wishied we good bealths, 1riuce Kung dvsocided fivm the dats, sdvanes) to where © stamd, repoated this kicuulo messago, which e, Wills famu juterpreted, returned, aud fiuwlua agalt Lo tho Etapwror, snd resuined his former position, Lowing twicous 1 retirell, 0 reculuny, the cerviuony endod, and { was escartid by the ssuia niembers of tho Yas nist to tw origlual waitlog-roous, wiero 1 soon took my feavd of fho Mintaters, wills thanks for thslr coure toay wud waprensiony ul sstisiactivi ke the decuroun pMur of tho proceedings, Tho Jepaness envoy aud Lis tuterprater rematned to Em.flw of & bauquet fur- minticd frun the Iwmperial fably, o which I bhad provi- onely declincd fo fulu, f betuif onmidored wu sct of cotnlmcerston in Lt Majualy to sccord this entertaine went, Tue following extracy from one of 3ir. Avery's lottors shows Lhue the Chiucse are becoming alarmed a2 tho provalonco of VPIUM-ENOKING, aud are Jooking more faverably upon tha policy 0f loternal improvements ; A geand conil, couvosed Ly Priuco Kung sud big asso_ates OF (b Tevng=d Yamon, shd ooosiubng of UL oller druces, wsudsy wokled, and wandail, LA henn In keasinn, deliborating on ATatr of (i frrs Al el ) pedctaln foaively Ui o1 thismpminl convoeatfon and e milfeets e hava “heen fruitiors. Tt Ay havily snops g matter of rupaor that 1 hnn consldesed,” amo o thingn, the poliey 1o b pmrmued for ol iy tho prowing aed pernlelous baldt ot gt nuking, Whieh i gralily spning tho vitally.q o natnn, On po better antiurity, ¥ lesrn iy y tsmorial from Li-1lng-Chang bas been consider, p arking (1) for ta,_countoiiction of railtaad amd (1 Grapte linen from Taky, at tha mooth of the By, () Teking; (2) for tho opentug of sl mines by f, Jiachiuirys () Far fhe alanl: weot of pro hoilltien o Wie AUMamedans, 71 R 1a trao Yt an Tiensuren hiave bren entertafne ), CYONAF miia:pe go) by & grand eauncil of Cuilna, tho fackle dull of aigny! caueo and epeonragement, Details of thess futernal tmprovbnients—pay. ronde, telograpits, improved innclinesy st gy, coal minen, ete.~~form a large elowlunt of 4yfy correnpondence, 'T'he DICFICULTIES ATTENDING ThHT INTRODUCTION ur FOORION IHIOVEMENTS ora woll lllustrated by the follos ‘The firnt cano occurrod at Ningpo, toiho teltrmph eable, n i Hn‘hunocrlolcn t and ind rafery Bomio mottlin agn Ui sy was cil, and & ploco of it atolin, {n 1ho telghioting] of Qutrlaft, F. Q. Tord, our Cousul at that wrltes e tiint fhie agent of the Company at Sha, win ableto fud the atulen portlon, and byt m 10 dincover tho thief, who proved (o bo a Sl widing ot far from 'Ningyo, ‘The Company's ageny through the advics and_introduction of Conaltan’ eral Bowaril, called on M. Lord sud roquosted hia b, in beinging the mattor heloee tho local authasier wilh the view of getting the guilty pefaon Artestod an punishied, * Mr, Lort eotored Leartily 1nlo Ui 1. and nnier date of Teb, 14 nformed me of the ane ] in abtalning reireas, “The cans was brought e, s e sadioritles, uo thilef was convicted att pummyer Anil a prociamation has bea poated by tho Migiaraty of thelatrict i which (ho culpsit tesided, warying otlers it to molont tha cable, - Bulmequtcutiy s pro Iamation from tho Tautd was issucd aud miory widy| clrculated. ¥ ho second cano referred to occurred at Bhangh, Where, un Fub, 3, Ghariea E. TUI, an American chizey ln cliarge of tho wrading for (o Fallway belwees Blianglias and Woorsug, wis aseatled by 5 il of ree eral Liumirod Chinese, and pacaped with Tufa lifo ooy by o remarkablo dinplay of cournge and coolncss, Ty ratiway nliuded to, some 13 milen log, 18 belig njt on fand bought by the projoctars, snd ia {atend(d not alone (o connect the city with 1o oulor snchorags whv:ranh!‘m aro often detalned with cargoes, but t atquaint tho Cbincso with the maturs oud yalus of thin rande of trausportition, and dispose them 1o qrermit ite oxtonsion, Thio purchasts of Jand Liavty ioen muado satistactority, and overy mesun uscy fo win the favor of Teopie loug yla TIN To. (i o howtlity wan snticipated, ant tho ey of o gradiug dld n o fact procesd quisiy "I the aseantt apon Mr. 151, Thia nwsanit dovs no, Iowover, scom o hinyo bees prompited by populas iy, ke af tha tmprovaient, nt: by the bad lempr st extortionate disposition of an_ old nativo womsn s Jargo luxid-ownor along the roulo, who instigated by 18uantn to the attack, which sho ‘Ted In perwon, My il retired, Aghting, for 2 wlles, uslug o canoaud Hiich woapana as be wrested front tuo foremoat of (he miob, &nd bavivg tho rare discrolion oot to draw the [lstola whicl lis” carrled on ks person. * Alihough uocked down a_considlerablo number of tho Cliaer fortuuatoly none wera killed, and Lis own wous4, wero not scrious, Two of Lis_ Clilican esoyloyer who tricd to bielp by, Wera maltroated and cartieq off to a nolgiboring (own. Mr. Howanl rols down tho rod fimmediaiely attsrwacd, aud found the equsd of men at work ot dlrorent placea ns it nothiuy had happened, 8o ft wan ovident that tho assault way 110t tho Teault of hostility to tho rallway, e, Seward un hearing the news, at once telographied t fho v Thous police statlons In the forelgu nettiomeat for alf tho avaitablo men to bo seut forward, and, accompa. nled by hisg {nterpreter, deputy, and scverl other geutlomen, rode i the dlrection of Yaoshan, a dis. trict clty 8'miloa dislant, whitbor Mr. Hilis captared menhad Leon taken and the oid womsu followe), “Thu Maglstrato was apnealod to, 1iiil's 1ncn wera e, Joasod, aud tho old woman, with thros of bar peoyle arrestod and conveyed to Shsnghad, ! AWFFUL RAILWAY PERIL, A Thriliing Story of Narrow Escaps o tho E'ast Maill Trailt. Totedo Sunday Journal, During tho weok tho telsgraph mentionsd 4 narrow oucapo (o the fast mail train on the Now York Central, nesr Buffalo. Prompily on tho re turn of tho train 8o narronly cacaplog oa its Eastward journoy, & Journal reporter inter- viowed tho Lrain-mon aa the lighining moesenger lay on tho “Y," et his city, x8 {f taking tcosth Lofora plunging onward to Cloveland, No story ot railway poril snd narrow oxcapy from poeming espoedy destruction oxcecds 1n thrilling {nterest that of theso brave men of tuo rail. Tue (raln waa soma babind e when it loft the last stop, and tho ongloen pulled tho throtilo-valvo wido opon to mak( up some of it in tho next 20 milea to Baffala ‘Thie whito train flow away at hearly 50 miles g honr, Tivo miuutos and tho tram had sped milod ; ten moro, 8 milos; and in twenty min. utes they shot past the east and of o siding | mile in longth, Tho engineer was at his post. straluing Lis oyos for tho night-watch ab thr otbier end, hin strong haod on tho lover. could uoe nothing, aud, oithor from a sork uf prosentimont, or else from precaution, e puiled back the stesm.valve slightly, sud wilt the other haud touched tho air-brake valve. At tho netant, the spooding rays of iho loco: motivo hoadlight reachaed tha looked-for locality of the wwitch, and revealed—mercy of boaven! the track ahoad piled full of the debris ot o rallnsy collislon. Instantly tlo threo lovors, ~ flio - stosm-valve, tho air- brako, and tho rovorsing-bar wero used, and the tealn sot back, aa it were, upon ita haunches. So violent was the shiock thab the postal-clerks and oflicers found thomsolves thrown, mixed up to- gathar, with mail vackages and sacks into tho forward end of tho car, 8 the train atood still, Bo nnddunls hiad this trauspired, that no one had oven looked from tho cars, but now thoy apraus to the doors, and got down sud went forward. Buch a sight mat thelr oyos as no one of thom will forget to hia dying hour. Right bafore tha suorting engine wan a pils of a Linlf dozen broken pasdenger-coachies, 88 many eplintorad freight. cars, and soveral wounded men snd women. A nassenger-train had collided with tho rear end af o frelght-tratn, which had not deawn far enongh up the siding, Nut the fast wafl! Thera o tho pilot-houso stood tho brave enginoer, bLit hands still on hila lever, pale, but showing no sign of fright. o had stoppod his tratn ezactly 18 feet befora the wreck | ostantly the men comprehonded theit awful oscapo, and o whoso iron nerve they wera fo- dobted for uweet lifo, Tcars filled thelr oyes, snd_thoir hearts wora touched. ‘fhen oich reachod up {nto the oab and ghook tlo eogi- neor’s band, but not a word was spoken. Iirave knight of the raill o regret that hid nawo is not known to us. It sbonld be made well known. Tho_collislon lad ocourrod almost at tha tima the fast train was duo, which accounts for Kig- pals not being given. Tho eacape i8 ono of tho wmosk thrilliug on record. UNPAID NEWSPAPERS, To the Editor of The Chicago Tribuns? Coaag, Deo, 11,—* X" ackuowlodgos, in hlt lettor to Tue Tninoxs of Doo, 4, that there st hundreds of newspapera beld at this Post-Oflic for tho want of suflloient poatage; that such as nro 50 bold are treatod as yaste-paper, and that tho Iavw says a!l wasto-papor siall bo gold to the highest biddor, It 3 a facé that tho majoslty of poople have not kuown thai thoir papors are withhald and destroyed whon un1y| 1 {.;ox‘:‘l ‘[:ouéu! {sduo. Truo this law s established by Cou- giroks, but, in order that the publio shall bo beb tor postad la regard to postal altain, § will a2k » quivstion of bwo: Do tho proccads of thidwsle Ko to tho Guvernmont, aud s tho rale nub\m; Thop, what Is dono with all this guantity ol aismpy—uncancoled, of course—on theso nuws; papers? A man buying up s largeiot miyh! make protty good wages peelipg off stamps. “X" says liu uapmnlxm'l u:t)‘:nr u?\ffle h:‘:a takoo groat paina to inabriol o P ) ete, When gvu ¢ha last tima tho publiu way somiudod of thia groat waste? Whon? “ i In auewor to tho guostion of *Veritas," io his lotter of the 7th, ?un quita aafo iv saying s letter to Giormauy would bave been throwa ot of the matl altoguther, judglug b{, L\;a Fm. orLIL Denter (Col.) Ao 4 Tha ranche of Jobn H. Ouwum, of Banqu“' Graudo, New Mexico, wad sold io col. B D. Huuter, of Bt, Louis, tho other day, for 310 000, one-half cash down, Tho purchaso luc\ndgl the'80,000 cattle now on the racche, During f‘; past yoar Mr, Chisun Lsy sold to Culgum Jansas City, snd_8t, Lonis buyers sbont 30, hoad of beaf oattle, Lesido thoss ho bas -51}: ied eoma 8,000 head o contractors in No lozico aud Arizous. 'Tiie rancho extends ovi the Pecos Rliver from Korg Sumner Lo B-u‘l; Ltivers, o distance of 150 miles. This A its scope morth and wouth. Easy lfll wost it esteuds as far on each sido o tho stream s efock can rango w_xlhm‘\ wator, 1o rauge ou both sidos of the riverid high, rolliog prairie, covered with u unckhbql'! growth of ‘uk gramwa, & wosg nulritioud grass, Duriug Lhis past summer vhe gnu over muoliof this aros hs stood koo bigh 1o cattlo. "Fhe residence buildings uro eituated fu the con- tre of the rauch. Elatious, or COW-cATpS, 810 ou the river ot intervals of 30 sud 40 miles. “Y'wo hundred borders have beon ompioyed aa tho ranch ibe past sununer. AS one time “"‘f wonsou tho bories numbered 0,000 head. A auc cossful ruid Ly redskius roducod ibis numbet sbout 1,060 Cot, H ry tho puschasor of fius vast ostate, will ensh‘ mm\,m:.n:.l,"] ‘l :l.l M. Chisuw in the ling 1::5: Lowglie 200 anddlyhorscs {05 uao 8§ ihe Feb- ruary pvand