Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, November 3, 1875, Page 7

CUROPE AMND AMERICA. The Governments of Europe Compared to that of the Unitod States. o Presidont Said to Exoreiso Moro Arhitrary Personal Power (han Any Noveroign Save the Cear. pdvantages of Government Super- vision of Railroads, me Furlher Considerations Touch. ing the Land-Monopoly in England. Jowiat Carresnondencs of The Chicano Tridune. ams, Oct, 20.—I road, not long einco, fn an Awericsit magazine (Scribner's, 1 beliove), n gstal apology for Lhoao profligate and unps j¢ Yaukees whio epend time and mouey TRAVELIGG 1N EUNOE qhesuswer of tho writer i Neribner's was vers o 0 far a8 it went. 1t woald not be o cawy, Jak, to writa & defensa ot thasa wha have {bo means. and tho loisuro to travel abroad, but Ahowrap themselvos up fu provinciat concuit, Jay forevor st hiome, and ucolf ut all absontocs Yichsaad spendthrifls, There aro perwons o, Lavire nO roal knowledgo of other coun- (res, nd no do.iTe for any, ars lneapable of {:ming corzect of nfvnn concerning thoir own, | propose to eddress & fow worda to s ches of wy feliow-citizons, Thoy ueapreity targo cluss tn our country, —much gt bowover, fa Prance, and numorously rep- peseited i eVOLy country that 1 havo any per- (eaal knowledge of. The amonnt of fguorauce prewsiling over hera concerniug Ameriea is quite surtiiog. Peoplo who ought to be well inform- ¢dhsve heen heard in Taris to oxpross sympathy (et e plibitants of South Amotlea ko cruolly orpeesed by the Ctovernmont of Narth Awerica goestho war. Othiors hiavo wondercd why no Dy Anicricans lezrn tho English Jangungo m preferenco to tho Fronch! Tieally ono of tho Lesteigua of American [Togross 3 the increan- jog desiro and engernoss Lo visit Europo, Weers aready notod a8 " A NATION OF TRAVELERS, 1ol we, Jo conjunction with tho ** Britishers,'” tave crowded the English tonguo into every «eidersblo town on the Coutiueut. The Freact ato Just waklug up to te disagroeallo fact that their language is no longor the univer- sl eolsent of foreign travel nnd mixed socioty, Ttrwt (bat tho so-called *mania” for vimting Turopo will incroaso rathar thah diminieh an wo growolder. Modorn civillzation cousists mainly ia the interchango of ideas smong peoples, and (s comparison of resulta achivved by difforent processea and_mothods smong dilferont nations, rejudico and self-concelt—iwo of tho greatest obetacles to human progrers--aro battered down in no other way 80 effectunlly ag by personal cteersation of tho institutions and habits of otber taada. Ofconrso thio Amorican tourist may epend toneyfoolishly, Jayishly, and wastofully abroad savell g at homo, ‘Thoro la no holp for thak bub in threo cases out of four the American snob will bo loes extravagaot at Nlco, Drighton, or Wiesbaden than nt Baratogs, Long Diranch, or Nowport; and will got mioro for Lis moncy at ttaformer places than ot tho latter. Tho ex- amgles before lim in Eoropean watering-places troopposcd to wustoful cxpenditure, and Lo cannot {ndulgo in it without oxposing himeelf lo wfavorablo eriticiam, Tho eame remark may bemsds of the ordivary lifo whicht tho tourist meets sbroad, snd §f he has tho s maeity o make o persomal appli- eation of what ho ecos and hears lio will return bomo o wiser aud more prudent man {Lan when ho eet forth ou bis journoy, e will have teen how absurd, valu, and contemptiblo fs the expendltura of monoy for mere display, snd Low esecatially vicious a thing it 18 to wasto tho tountios of f'rovidence. Tho man or woman horeturns howo withont improved idens on the mbject of drees, jowelry, furniture, architoc- fure, equipego, and genoral oxpense, must tither havo been endowed with correct and timple tastes beforchaud, or must Lo uttorly inpersious to good improssions. There ara those who spoud much Hmo visiting foroign couutries to no Lettor purpose than pleking up tae bad habits of other peoples and adding thent b Woir owu colloction. No education kavo that of porerty will over bo of servico to mh personw. To tho grest mejority, I tu tur, “the ecomomiesl habits of old Lurope wusst bo » most valuablo lesson, turning thettoughits of tho rich toward & simpler and It catenlatious modo of lifo, nnd inducing *a:0g thoeo {n moderata clrcumstances o higler Vegreaot contentment with tholr lot. AUERICAN LIWERTY NOT THY OSLY LIDERTY, ouet remark firat to the class of porsous for vhom this letter is particularly designed that ther aro mistaken Jn supposing that Amorlea s, inany apecial senso, ** tho land of the froo and Rebomoof tho brave.” I preeume that nohody talledoubts the bravery of the Lnglish, Fronch, Cermns, ofo,, Lut o great many, probably most ofoat peoplo, aro accustomed to think of them oy Uiog Yo s stato of semi-servitude to tholr ters, 1 bavo proviously given the result of miy obeervatious upon tho English system of Gov- tumeut. 1 bavo Lad somo opYurmullleu to tee the systems of Franco, Italy, Hwitzor- 'l QGenmany, Lelgium, aud 'Holland; and T3 nnatlo to'see i what way wo_lievo advane Uges over fhem fu porsonsl freadom onttling {uaullnurunl\-os par excollenco the laud of mhur. excopt such ue have boen givon to us by streadih of geoun which enables s to dis- [isovith o standiug army, and tho lenth of . whicly Jrevouts us nu% uuduly crowding th other. " To mako my miduning plainer, I will 1€ tho two conntries of Switzerlaud ami Lol Eun for comparison—tho one & republic and huollmq monarchy—~and both doasoly popu- ‘l Bwitzeriand 1 oven v"‘"l VBHOCRAGY THAN THE UNITED STATES. Feople of pomne of tho cantons muko their ud levy their taxes, not through o legisla- tavloty, St by popular voto, Tho I'retident ‘,‘.‘(‘e‘;‘z llle’vnblle 1 olcoted only for ouo year, aud y r eslary only 1,200, Novortholons, Suimlund ts surrounded Ly armnd_ uelglibo Vst ueeds keop 200,000 poldiers {” con- L;}f,{‘b:m'nx-u. Belgium han about tho s e rof juhabitunts as Bwitzeriand, vud bng ¢ Ler wtanding army for thu same rons ,B'“’ bus n nionarchical Government, g Inhabitant of another planot could o 2 theso twa countriea he would nover dise llu“ Ahat the peopla of tho ouo country pos- 7 advantago ovor the othor in the way of went otBeak, Wiito, proach, Jiay, owr mfi wiend maonoy, or Lo " wprosa thelr Ladividu .%L",Nn tho (ovornment and policy of thejr tieal 224, i sl vixitor aforesald should lag is obsorvationy to Hollaud on the one s do laly on the ofher, e would etiil elfor 0 differenco sufllcioutly marked tg Somiont. Koman Catholica of the Ultra- o 0% will toll you tlat Bwitzorlsnd is \vrannical of “Wa four countiies hiore e ho90a, there iw wmml"ff rathor tegnd, B the promptituda with which gty flému of this little Revublio (halt Prot- raf pri A Catliolio au (4 Iy), taku” m recaleic "‘flbflhn ear mud lead” him Across tho Gy (g8 Quibord'caso. had happaucd ac . tad of Montroal, tho Biskiob of uth- 20 who was at tho bottom of thodid- ooty "4 Lave boen on Lty ey to, iy Gl b & Lasonot, sud wost Jikoly b oy, p0Mdler, behind him, within twenty-four g o0 EB0 very liko thiy bupponed thers o L ® Iaw authorized to bo Y actod walls, Lk which Lo Popo felt Yetugy, ‘.& {nfalbitiry to pronounce adul- N T4 "““""\flm("m‘ having et tho examply of ouo of tho inmates. W8 calied ouy forthwitl, tho w olsingz, T Aaint, hut o Cardinal orn panerort that wal fran hiw wibitic of Sy itzerinind. of tho eamo sort, hapgionn 1 counley Wikch turo demoerntic than Kew England,” aud in ennton whora o majority of the inhatitants aro st fisrnis) him a anen 1o Wa Ree Al s, and miuel morn Boman Catlolies, 1L shonid b added that not tho lenst commotion rorults from thesn actt of the Government, A geuenl ofeetion for meme- ‘bera of tho Natlonal Asembly, Which in ita Lien olcetn tho Ltocntive offcurs of the Hiate, s to tako place within & month. Yet when I_was in Baruo, & fow dayh ngo, o American Minister told mo that ho had not kecn ou Atticio jn n nowspaner, or heard of & piblic medling n anr part of the country, In rofere id TUEIK ARE, KO DINAGGY aud apparently no ofiee-kackers. 'lin civil wure vi i admivistored by tratnod oflicials, and the Govorpment controly” ratwaya, tolopzranhs, and stago tines, without ditliculty and sithout core ruption. 1t in necdlorn to Aay thiat thin Nepub- lic diffors from onps quilo A much ng ours dif- fors from that of France, Ttis certainly as freo 8 0UTH in evory respect whors frecdom 18 desir- able, yet not moro froo than Belgium or soveral other monatcheinl conntrios of Enrops, Noth Ewifzerland nnd Belgsum ara moro freo than the Unitod Ktates inona important partienlar, They have frea trado : bt then wo shall enjoy tho pina measuro of froedom whon wo grow wiker, 1€ wo compary tha Repudlio ot Fraucs with tho Empire of Gernmany, with tho view of gol- ting at the moasuro of liborly enjoyed by their peaplo respactively, wo aro suet In tho first in- stauco by thae facs that TUE PSS 1§ NOT FILK in either country, Novertheless. the restrictions plnced upon it are nacli oy the poople have en- acted npon It. Whausvor the pooble, using the snmo iwplomont of universn! suflcace that wo aiploy, dowitm 1 froor pross, thoy ciirbave it, "Tho press-prosecutions ab Feanlkfort, swhich hnyo ‘attincted go much notico lutely, wero neither invertigated Ly tho Nerlin Government nor pustied on’ by it, ~ They were the wamo sost of prosecutions that might oceur at Chiengo if eomo vigrilant Stato's Attornoy, upon reading the dally nowepapern, shonld distover that ofio of them hind vivlated tho law lr{ printng o lottory advertisemont, and shonld thereupon eanso the offender to Lo indicted, Tho offenas of thy Trankfort Zeitung wag mnora resyectablo than ths, bat, novertheless, It wan o vlolation of law —an unjist law, undoubtedly, but, novortheless, 2 law duly enacied by Pariiament, nud not an im- perial ukase or redcript. 'Tho Frankfort Zeitung 1% an able, influentinl, ind wealthy newwpaper, and notwithstanding tho prosscution directed crrainnt ity editorial stall, 1t oxorcises tho liberty of boldiy advocating tho re-ceswion of Alsnco and Lorrina to I'rance,—s meamtro which nupnosed to be particittatly distasteful to tho Borlin (Government. No proseention has been dirceted against it on this account, and none can be, because no faw is violated therchy. Tho press of tho United Staten would not o Injured by legirlation punishing nowspapers for publishing willful falschuods, obsceno r2andals, and imper- tinent gonsip, whila society would bo the guiner theroby. I anm ns far as auybody from approving tho prens laws of oitber Irance or (Gior. many, but I hold that thero aro ovila under our kystom which disqualify us at presont from plucking tho moto out of tho eyos of for- cignory. FRANC) Nobody will deny that nco is now fres to direot hor owa destiny, The Republic has been iu foreo fiva years, and bids falr to last soma time longer ; a4 ju ovidencod by tho fact that the mastar spirit of tho presont adwinisteation, M, Suflor, though bitterly snd coutomptuousty antj- Topublican, 14 unablo to shako its fouudationn or to substituto auything mats place. Thero is slowly growing up an idea thet Alsaca and Lor- ruiuo are nut tu be regained by tho word, 1t hag not t?m:.'«l far as yet, but it is in Fronch soil aud ls diligently cultivalod by the best miuds of tho nation. Ity growth will ba favora- bla to Republicanisin. Bovapartism was uptly #ot forth by Adural Ronciors la Noury when bio erid that, although entortaiuing the highest re- #poct for Marshial ATacMakion, ha abould givs his vaice for n Govorrment capahble of restoring F'ranco to hier proper placo in tho councils of Lurope, which " the present Govermmont way ineapatlo of doiug. Tho proper placs af Franco, in the oves of witch coxcomby, 18 that of a turbu- Ient busybods, forever meddling with othor jica- Po's concerus aud apilting blood without provo- vation, Wiser couucils have been forced wpon her, If sho can gain o tew moro years of exatap- tion frow tho stslo of (lovarnient that tho ex- Admiral of tho Moditorranean Synadron dosider- atew, Bbo will achieve, through tho urts of peaco, noro influential positivu “in she councils of ropo thun ¥ho can gain Dy agaln measuring wworls with Clorinauy, But, whatover tho future may bave iu slore for her, Frauco i the master of hor own dertiny. Tho dny ol coup d'utats, fike that of Bt, Bartbolomow, s past. The thrift and industry of tho nation nro maryelous, Everybody woiks, from the lighost to the low- est 3 and women work usmnch nn won, aud oot none the worso forit. Nobodyis ashamed to wotk or to cconomize, Tho commercial erisis which 18 _now allicting North aud Bouth America, Gorwauy, Austrin, nod oven England, 1 searcely perceptible iu Frauce, notwithstand- ing tho drain cansed by tho war and the inden nity, The country in prosperous, and prospority always makoa people contented with their form of goverument. THE SITUATION OF GERMANY, flanked on ono sida by France and ou tho othor by Ituveia, botls powerfu! and warlike nations, b aceorritatod nu iuoxorablo military system. Such o systom ean bo_maiutalned only by strong CGoversment. Military duly I8 o so- vera in Giormany in time of peaco ns in war, minus, of coursu, tho actual blcodshed. Evory- Lody would liko to escape it, both ullicors and men ; but in order to bu what it is nobody must bo allowed to escapo it. Whatover of dospotism rownains in (lermany, barring somo remnants of the foudal systews which linger in o fow cut-of- the-way places, i part and parcol of this mil- jtary necessity. I have not travoled all over Gecmauy, it i truo; but I havo seen cnough of ft to bo assurcd that the people do not complsin of any infringenient of their fiberty, oxcopt #uch os proceeds frowm compul- #Ory orvice 1u iho ariy. Owne of the ditlicultios of tho Governmeut in fact is to get the people to oxercise tho right of suffrago, 1t cannot bo claimed that & people aro opprassed by thoir whon they require urging to bring them to tho polis. Nor can this sluggishuees bo astributed 0 ignorauce, singe compuléory education pra- vails universally, whilo “the Lighor trainiug of the gymuasinm and sbo universitios is the wmost thorough in the world. The Kingdom of Bava- ria I8 just now In a crisis which I8 in no true senee o tost of her froo Cougtitution, Tha Ut. tramontanes have yained n small mejority of the Legislutura, and aro siriviug to croata a rup- ture with the Borlin Guvornmout. Prior to thoe egtablishment of Lhe Ewpiro, an addrogs to tho King by a majority of that body, howover sumall, docluring o want of confidenzo iu the Govorn- mont, would huve been straightway followed by the dizmiseal of tho Ministry and tho appoint- ment of ono in harmony with the Ammbl{. It tho address is disrogardud in this Instatico it will be for much tho sawmo reaxon that the Goveruor of ono of our fitalos would rofuse to osocuto Inw In direct contlict with the laws of the Uuited Hiates. No; the titno has gono by when wo could claim tobo in a peculinr senso tho laud of froedom, We wust achlove our distinction amoug nations in somo othor way ficreaftor. What was truo at the fonudation of our Goverument aud fifty *years later Is true no longer. - A GREAT CHIANOR: lina como over old ]ium[m in tho tast half cen- tury, and especially in tho last quarter. The revalutions of 1848, though svon mml)reued, have noue tho less accowplisied their work. Huugsry has become the chiol stone of ‘thu comor in tho Austriun Kmpire with 8 freo Pardiament. Gormany and Italy bave accomplishod tueir unity, aud aro governed as to nino thivgy out of ton by the popular will, Tho temporal rmrnr of thu Popo Las molted away, and Uaribaklt enjoys o grecn old age witbin sight of tlse bill whiere Le mady his hieroio sesluiniics to tha woldiery of the Sece oud Freuch lopublie. Fraucs has ™ commouced her third experiment with idoas so wmuch - lrruvcd that the Republic grows strongor ratber Lan woaker with tho lupse of time. Intho minor European Sistes the ralfumg famillos aro littlo 1noro tuan the leaders of sccioly, and not auo of them excopt tho Sultun and thio Czar can mcroase Lis own eslary to tho swmouutof & pound sterting without the eanction of tho legis- lnuvu body, 1 judgo that the P'remdout of the United Btates cxaiclues more asbitrary personal power than suy Boveseign in Burope, oxgept ponsibly, tho Czarof Ltussis, would veoturs to agsume. Notwithstandiog all tuls, the Governments of tho Continent, both opubiican snd Mouurcbical, ave, Iu contradistiotion to urs, BTRONU GOVELNMENTS, They mouuko ralwoys and telographs, churelies, univermiles, and’publio gallorion, aud, in bume cases, theatres, operas, bukerics, brow- orles, aud maoufsetories, They aro enabled to do ¥o by virtuo of what would ba called on our side of tho water ‘*clvilsorvice reform.” Ia the Unfted Btates wo roquire a speclal training for ovory luud of sorvice oxceps tho publio ser- In (iununn{ overy departoiont of tho pub- lic servico requires & trajuiug we sovere aud thorouuh s thut which wo give at Weat Point to candidatos for mihtary comswissious, A cau- didato for tho postul netvico, for iustance, sk have recoived & university educetion, nust servo o yeata without pay, sud thou cubwit to an vice. TIE CHICAGO TRIBUNE: NESDAY NOVEMDBER 3, 1875, inntion of fwo weeks abten ot per day, of thal, ) Gen, Bizder! What & bloard aristoniney Wo nhauld have t0 Lo nura if wo quicil e Postmastors and Bouts Agents, not 1o reution one Marplips, and Simnnaees, ool Camesn Ly o collega diplomas, and to loaen theirjarticnlar businesa beforchand, and to bs oxanned, Tt (o muiltiply words on elsil-ncryi T will moation that Gusornment, management of rulway aphy, ote., on tho Coitinent, Aoy onty wucceastul, but ®apertor it4 runltn to pisnto manngoment cithor in tho nited Staten or in- Duoglaid, miAal eonfers L.t virw of the economy, TORIANLY, inpar- tablie mstiwfaction, and freedons from ac- itn, which eharsetorize Governmont sailway munngoment ou the Continont, tho doctring of Intissez fane, an applied to s rubject, hias re- cuived @ wovoro phock 1n my nund. “Tho history of railways in the United Blatos teaches that if thero is anythinz that o paivate cotporation ean- not do, or eannot bo depended on todn, it is to managa n ratlway no thut the stociholders ahsll not bo cheated of the public ontraged, -Clowg back to the Schuylor frauds on tho New York & New IHaven Railrond, and comg down Lo the Iutent Cradit-NMobilier fol, tha Potter law, and the fhuancial crinia, what o drama it {8 Jol shazzar's feant, in four acts, with the toreh of Cyrus In tho fitth! ‘Thero nio noveral formaand grades of (loverns ment cuntrol of BAILWAYS ON THY. CONTINENT, varsing from niero sureryison to nbroluto owne ersbip, 'Thu tendency of things in Gerinang, and, 1 think, in most of tho countries of Westorn Lurape, f8 to Gavermnent ownorahip. In England tiefo Js a_clironle controvorsy ho- twaen the advucales of Goyernment purchasaand tho laisscz fitere ceonomisty, 1 had theopportunity 1o utletnd & mecting in London whiers thin quecs tion wan discieeod by suise of the mort eimnont men an tho country, inciwling rof. Stanley Jovouw ond Mr. W, Nowmarch, Loth nf whowm took strong ground agunst Government pure chawn, The other side of the question, Luo, way ably and rather hotly wapportad, My impression at the thne way, that the oppunents of (ioveins- meznt moddling had decidodly the Lert of the ar- gument, but having seen rinco then the actual worikings of tho opposite #yetem, I am etronply nclined to the opinton that, in o country where the pubie servico s admmistored with systematic fidefity anil military procivion, as it avpenrs to e in France, Belgum, Holinud, (fermany. and Swit- zevland, uot only Govermnem pupervirion, but Covernment ownership, I8 desirablo, 1t i cor- tain that ralways aro_operated in thosn conns triea moro to the katisfaetion of the penple and with grenter enfety to pazsengera than (n cither Lngland or the United States, Greater ccon- oy uf management {8 effected also, Lt nend- less to way that s Goverument which caunot dis- burre moneay ta the lndinng, or buil & Cintom- Houso in Chiego, or collect & tax on whinky, or n duty on silks, of thpair o canal, without 10stug Tigavilynt evers titen, would be s cedily swanpod ir'it wero to ngsumo tho further §on of managing 43,000 miles of railway. Ithrow out to the per- ploxed Grangery the Buggoation that thoy aro halt Tieht when they domand Government thanago- niont of ratlwavs. Tho other Lalf of their prob- lclnn is to got & Government capable of manuging them, If the Btatn ot Illinois could exchangs oue- Inlf of her rairoads for as many dollary’ worth of o reform, G0OD WAGON-ROADS both the furniors sud the rallvay stuckholders would ha much better oif than thoy are, T travolod two days by stage- conch through the Black Lorest in Ladon, uot long since, and I can uflinm that the poorest pleco ol toad I saw in the whole distanco was betlor than any streot in Chieagzo, Perhapa the South Park Boulovard will ataud eomparison with tho ordinaly wagon-roads of Ssitzariand, though I doubt {7 it will prove as durable, Tt ts a long day's joarnoy, with relays of horses, from Alt- dorf, the bomo of William_Teil, to the Ithuno Glacier—a joutnoy througlt monntaiu-gorges, neross raging torreots, und over the highest of tho Alpino passes, It s througlr such & country n4 this that tho little Canton of Uri bay conatructed at ity | owp oxponeo a rord a3 smnoth and hard as the Lest park drive in tho Stato of Iifinvis. And thig is only ono of the momnuontal ruads of the Cauton, Galleries cat in the facs of tho solid rock are froquently met with, botli on tho wajon rondn and on the bridle-paths. 1t is true that tho Canton of Url, as an fnderendent Staty, i about 450 vears older shan Ilinols, Lul that in bardly o tho pomt. Wa aro chiookorad with rmlronds that don't pay, and with wugon ronds that, at Jeast twica in ovory year, are inpatn- Llo, Wo fight the railronds in tho Legirlaturo and tho courts, and wo tight our yoad taxes and travol In tho mud. *Tho point of tind hero oh- amvation,” as Capt. luvsby sayd, **lics iu the application on't.” I rond in Tyx Tinewe somo weoks azo o de- sotiption of the ro-call:d BOCIRSTER BTYLE OF STRELT PAVCUENT, consisting of broken stono laid in » cortain way and ramnsed down for a foundativ, with a Jayer of nand over that, and then moro stons, brolen into finor pieces and rolled down with a heavy iron roller, and rand seattored into tho craviees during the process. [ happoned abont the snino time Lo be walking it tho subucha of Wiesbaden, whore somo faborers woro digging through o soction of & road, and it struck mo that tho soveral sirata of which 1t was composed wera surpriningly liko tho important Nochoster vovolty of winch L bhad beon reading, Without makingt a very eritical comparison of this road with the printed deseriptiou of Lhe other, 1 be- camo eatisfied that if Chicago should adopt that stylo of pavemout eho would have slreetd oy good as the ordinary wagon roads of wentern Europe—nnd that will bo no small thing to toast of, Uoeforo diciding ro important a work ag tho rnimvmg of Chieago, would it _not Lo well to eoud & cbmpetent and trustsvortly commrivsion to tha ehisf cities of tho Olil World, and get thebenofit of thoir ox- perienco 7 To o casuul observer 1L appears that tha pavemont most relied upon in theso ci conyisty of yranilo blucks, 3 or4 inclios wide nud 5 or 0 Inches long, laid In atralght lives, run. ving ot nght-angles with tbo curbstone, and breaking joints lke n brick wall. A recent traoiion tost mado ju Loudon showed that lows power wadg required to movo a load on thia pave- ment thayn on tho Lest asphalt, macadam, or Nic olsou, whila its durubility b _mans times greater than cither. But, whellier this or somo othor iy tho bost, it {a compuratively chieap, aud certainly Indicious, to avail’ oucself of tho experlenco of atnore. Al kinds of pavements can bo found in Torope, from the Appinu Way of old lome down to tha Iatest davico in furnace-slag and bi- tumen. 1f we bad iuvestod tup’pence in exam- Ining othor poople’s etrects, through which tho tralio of o - thouwand = years, moro or lows, a3 rolled, befors “wo laid down pine floorin; on looso eand, wo shoull not now bo iu the agony of doing tho job over again, and probably uot in fifty yearato come. 1 hiopo boforo wo embark our fortuuo In cedar posts wo may baye somo intelligout report from somabody ou the subject of pavaments in gone eral, drawn from tho wido sources of Uld World oxpetienco. As 1 atn clnsing this lotter I notlea some ro- marks in Tu: Twnusy ou my article fu tho Lortnightiy lsview concerving LAND-MONOPOLY IN ENGLAND, Ina provions letter to Tue Tmwuse I bad ox- pressod tho obinion that land-reform in that eountry ought to bogin by au amendmoot of thy Iuwa of primogeniture, ontnil, aud trusts, But [ think ‘Uit IrisoNe bas fallen nto anorror in supyoring that tho * farmers ™ of England would be greacly banelitad by & chouge in tho law of outail, und also 0 supposing that the.farmors sros class whoeo condition culls for our pyme Tho farmers of Nugland, ‘so far could make ont, aro s elass of oupltulists, makivk pretty large profts, and abundantly ablo to tako care of thowselves, ‘Thoy stand botween tho ownoer of tho woll and the agricuitural laboror, which lattor class aro tho oues whoso condition ealls for wywpathy. It the law of ontail wore repealud, or ‘cousiderably modifed, as 1 thiuk it ought to_be, rather mora Iand would coma into the murkot year by yonr than comes ab presont, Who would buyis ? Why, snybody who can afford to invost lus wonoy ut 2 por cont Por anuum—~that buing the syerage ground-rony for nrabla lamd, Of coutrso, tho agriouitural laborer wouldn'c get any, How 1nuch would tho farmior gob ? 1f Lo has aconmu- Iatud guflioteut capual Lo 8ok up fur & country "Hquire ou hiis own account, with a view 1o social dintinclion rathor than to pecuniary returns on Ins mouey, he would buy eoio of tho disentailed entates. " But i pointof faot he can do that now. Notaweek pusses withous a number of salos of estates 1 feo simplo taking placs, which voucan find recorded fu the Loodon papers. Nor aro the priced »f land 8o high ag ta comumon- ly sapposed by Americau readers. Ihave nono of tho listy befara e ab the prosout timo ol farmivg lands [stoly suld in Koglaad, but I re- member that 20 acres of lund on the side of Highyato Iill, iu the imwediute vicimty of Lou- dom, woro recently offerad for £1,000 }ler acre in feo vimple. A miovamont was sot ou foot to buy it at private subseripron fur a publio park, ani one of the reasous urged for jmmodiate action wud that ft wag ou the poiut of belng coverod with butldings. I betiovo that tho subscription was uot filled up in timo to 8ave it from tho imponding calamity, Here was » tract of land in close © proximity fo 1ho largest city In_the world offored for 35,000 gold jer sare,~—laod which was in no souse speoulss iva property. sico it waa slready eucroached upon by the demands for buildlug. T conld not Liclp; drawing a pacaliel botwosn hia plece of WED around and 0% vicinty of Ciue with Immediate visiu from brickla ara and penters bt swhiol aen held and fave beeo ae nally wold for tuwn oy, It 1o Lo vk, Jiavever, that Dot hourd rents and gionnd rents aro extresedy 1w an Lotwdon, and 4 thy X the amount of cupital acoumnlatel in it viemity, but by ths raturns that can hogot oat of jt, tatitrning for & moment to iho Inw of entnil and jty pourible distelern, 14 it not truo that thiv Jaw 14 it foren fo Hanois wn well aw fn England 2 1 do not afticm §t, bit I etrongly maepect that it is, aud that any lasd-owner desiring Lo conirol his ertntes afier hir death for * & hifo in ¢, n Ntn it posee, and twenty-ons vears thereafter,” can do ko by tonkiog & will to that effect, At all ovents, T 4m cognizant of #ovig extaten that have Leen tied up by the deceas d owners for a long perod of tiue attar thn voungest hiele becama of age. Lo tha great embarrasswent of ev connucted therewith, A L0, THE POGR INDIAN ! To the Iistor of The Clocss T ridone Cureaao, Det. 3. Tha workl has Jong hoon familiae with this siekly, woutlmental poem of Popo's. Wo llve in tn a7 the prominent feature of which ls civilization, and tho time has comn sshion its clnims mn-t be rocognized, or it must advanco or retrogrede. Wo muwt Inx anido its teachinge, or wo tanst demand In itw bbalf such conceasions an will enablo 3t to fultllh its missinm. All glstacles to {ts pragraed muee be removed, a4 far as inman leginlation i< capable nf daing, oritmust perielr, 1 sieto this proposition os one which cannot bs controvertad. It {4 eaid that, whent our parcuts cama tn this barren shcre, they foand tho vast domain in thn porseselon of tho parcnty of onr prescat abor- igines s and tbere hus Leen from Ibat day uutil this & sentiment in the world thut theso abor- tnos, in conklderation of their possession of the soil, were s rightfut owners, 'They tware, and are, to tho kamo extent as tho wolves, bears, rattleonkes, panthers, hcopsunkes, aud all othier aunimnls int:genous to tho Continent of Amerien,—their title to tho land being Juet s wood s that of the Larbarous races that refuso to accopt tho thoories of civiization; avd the fact 19 that the wild suimals bave duno muck less to retard Lowau progeces than has the American 1ndian. Now, whilo worecognize it asa duty on the part of tho Uovernmout of every nation to pro- mote, a5 far us is W its power, tho welfuro of ity Yanplo, sxpetience luw taught us that our ndians thus far bave been mintbirn and un- whling to advance, no matter how great tho in- duicoments Lold cut to thew to dv 69, Tho time w1l 800N eowo whien they will Lave to Lo told, “You must udvanzo, OF you wust pass ww and theso words canuot bo #poken 00 wout. The world will pot much louger listen to tho fckly sentimentewm of * Lo, the poor Indian,” Tho Indians should bn treated a4 il othier men aro,—no bedter, no worse. What would be enid of our Government if 1t ghould undertako for au indefinito Lime to caro for amd minister £ he wanty of {8 poor citizevs ; and thint, too, with the full kuowlodgo of the fact that the wards thus eared for wonld. with or withont provoeation, plango tho bloudy kuife to tha hieaets of all who camie witkin thy jrosp of their fiendish ambition # It 1 beedlens 1o at- tompt on onumention 6f the unconnted hnman wouls that have Leen usbercd iuto the prescnce of thelr Maker by thewa untutored brates, ‘The pen would trembio nil the ik grow pale in un effort to deecribe the torturcs ol innoceut men. wouon, and childron, which have becn inter- woven with thobustory of tho Indisnn of America. May tho tuma soun come wheu tho Government sbinll kay to them, You nre eitizens of a common you must obey ity laws, which sre for your pratection ad well as ours; 1f you tail to do s0. punishment will bo certain to 1utlow, 1f yoir wirdi €3 surronnd your families with tho samo socurity which is thrown aretind thy white man, learn and vboy the Juwa. Lut wost unportant of all ia that great truth which, when nuderstood, will teach them habits of fndurtiy: ** o that workn +halh eat, and hn who will not work munt starve,” Thia theory put in practico, they will no long e éruk or apil our blwod; tho anpuitics {10 our Governs meiw will end, aned Lo oc wrmy of punlie 1ia ehall, by thix nonte, pave tho eonutes eoantleey wiliinneg; both 1 tue prevent sud fature geners It Juu forogoiug or sume similar pa only hopo the evit itey ean raasonably b “nueaus of whiel wo mav, w el fut £3poct 10 eoeApn 36 fniermimiable Wars wad fie 11d buteherits that bavo o 10t animyod thy prople of this ecdutry, and shuetied tho Taelings o manbiod, ' + ML Ly, An Autumn Song by Swinburne. Aeie York World, o segular weekly wecting of the Century Club was eulivened last evening by vimt from Lord Iouglton, sho reud to the membeis n Churming Lttlo song of tue scason, as yob une published, by Swinburno, o poet whom, as we necd lardly say, Lord Ilonghiton was one of the firat to wolcome inta the fannly of English sy vra, ‘The delicious October weather of tho Jus fow dayy has made it powsible for us, without shiveriug, Lo listen to this now sud lovely AUTUNN NONDEL, Trom Spring to Fall the year makes merry, With days ta days that chiatt and cally With hoga to erowen aud feats Lo by, With crownwof flowers, aud dowers for palf, With Eloons, unl oug, sud bird, sud burry, That il the moutun with featival, From Spring to Fall, Who limowa If exer skios wera dreary With thower, and chud, and waterfall 7 While et the warld's goad Loart s cleery, Wiso known If rulng will uver brawl? Tho storm (hiuks loug, the winds wax wears, LUl Winter cone to wand up ali ‘From Bpriug to Fall, It i poticoable in this daivty littlo ditty that Mr. Bwinburue, consciously or uncopsciously, dooa homago to tho finer poctic feeling with which in Awerica we Liavo liept to the ol dish word * fall,” whilo our English cousing tmu:'m\opmd tho Lotin word *“ autumn™ in iis stead. —_——— Mateh Metweon Carrior-Pigeons. Phitadetphia Ledger, ° A ocarrisr-pigeon Mying mateh took placo on Monday aftornoon, butweou Baltimore aud I'hile adolphia, distauco 200 miles, for throe prizes, oup of $80, the sccond a gold medal, nud the tlurd o silvor oup. Bix pigeons, ownoed by mem- borw of tho Fulmonut Klying Association No. 1, wera tal.en fo Lallimoro and tossed from tho E:‘n(u Siates Hotol, onposite tho Presidunt Stroet ot "Lbo birds liad boen numbored on the tail foath- aud pleo hore private marke ou the win, hery, 'Thoy were tossod st intarvals of lial nn hour, $ho tirst Lird startiog st 7 o'elook a. m. Lnch, on bolng sot froe, circlod to a groat height, wheeling ju circles about a mle in aiaweter, and thun startod off 1w 8 straight line for Muisdalphin, aud were ont of kightina minnte, Tho birds earricd no dispatchion to mpedo thoir progreas. Tho favorite seamed tono & bite-chaquared bird, stampod No, 1%, which was thrown at D o'clock, aud bets 1 b city werd 4o Lo oue i its favor. This bird mad tho distanee in two hours and thiity. ono minutes, The sccond bird, & picd hon, thrown at 8 o'clock, stamped No.H, made tho distances .0 -thvoo hours and sovon mun- utes, and tho thira, a light bine cock, stamped No. i, tossed ot :30 o'cloek, in five hours and four minutes, "'ho birds engaged in tho eontest wero all of the Autwerp biced, capable of uront ndurauce, his breed Aro of & strong muscular develope ment, With & wtrong attachmoent for howo, to which thoy fly with unerring futelligence. dosads bl Kontuckinus Gotsimg Marriod in Ine __ diunoe Jeipraanvatia ({ul.) Leugirs Stop that boat! * was the cry un tho Lo ville whiasf b 10 0'olock ‘Thurnday night, but the ory camo two late, for the forrybont bad cut lovse from har fastenivgs and was stcaming praudly up the river, fully u huudved fest from tho Kentucky share, Tho ery came from two wen who hnd Lotly chased a youny man sud bis swostheort lmmlbukvuumi 1 the tale to tho river wud there loat thom by bolug about two winutes too 1o, f9rthoy woro safo i thu boat, sitting mde 17 wida ju & carringe. The borees pauted, awl tho lovers mighod aud congrubu- ated thomrulves 0a teir excapo from tho dark and bloodv wround and their crusl parents, Whon the boat )anded ut onr wharf the toreos wero given the reing, tho whip upplied, and off dashed tho Lidal party for Charlestown, the couutysseat. Mo poragers wore too clwo to tarry ab Jollenotwillg, A brsk, yapid drive of an Bogr sud Liteen munutes Lrought them Lo Charlestown. Clork Tograw was aroued from asant dreaws sud tho marriage-heonto ob- tamed. Noxt Eldor Howe was anakeued from Lin slumbery. sl iu less (imo thau it talivs to tull it Mr, Oluts Owons was tho truo aud lawful Lusband of M L, Jemsio Parreut, After svending a ples-sut bour the newly-married pair Ity Chrlestosin, returned through Joffursonviile vlower thesn 1hoy wetit up, much loss disturved in u!nnd. ;;nl 8! ulmlé M‘wwly-ehe:‘edlnmukry squire, How 11080 Keuf iy 1oved. do lough kb Iuekemithe | " VIRGINIA CITY, The Great Fire on the 28th of October. All the Buildings in the Heart of the City Destroyed. Tosy Estimaled nt Five Mitlion Dollars Iusuraner, Lleven Tindred and Filly Thensand, Scenes in San Francisco---Fear{ul Panic in the Stock Market, Xan Franeisro Chroniele, fiel Tarly yestorday woruing, a dispatch to the Chronicie came thrilang over the wiros, bri the fatelu) intelligence that Virama City wan o fatzea, the population frantle with oxcitement. aud tho fite liend aweeping uncoutrolled over the castern tlope of Mount Davitaon, Trom wouth to monsh tho news passed, and a4 other distatehes confinmatory of the firat began to ar- sive thoe mwurmur of excitement Increascd, and Tound sta wiy along Montgomery street to Calie fortiia. wners tho stock-brokers worn just bo- giunleg to arriva. Never eince tha annonnce- wzut of the feilurc of tho Vaulk of California Las such 4 seeus of wild commotion beon eeoit ot the rtreet. ‘Tho day Lefore, with its ramors of deliged mines and damaged workings. ind excited tha slock-purchasing publie. and this Iant crurhing message fiom the Comstock feil Yikoa pule-driver on tho hearts aud hopew of thotestids of apxions and fictful humaus, At uret tho report was eeouted as tho work of womu wrelch desirons of hear- m the market, bat tky delnsion waw quickly disgipated, and se the tratk of the diess- ter Lecamia manifet vy the argival of the details of the conflagration a sceuo of abxolule bemlder- ment ket in. Men stood aud gazed ol cach other sud tho bulletin board with that blauk, dreary, diemal look, characteristic of thoso whoso whole furtune and the worry of a Jifatime huyg trem- bling with tho fateof that fittle cliy far up in the wountaing of Nevada. From 7 o'clock $ill10it WASONO coutinuons gireteh of auXicty vared culy Uy tho Loarsely put quostions of * What is the latost news " Asthe tima for tho opening of tho Stock Boards drow noar, Califcrala strect was crowded with o swaying, surging, sweating wags of excited brokers aud their atill wore e~ cited enstomers, TIL OWIIIN AND EXTENT OP THE FIRE. fire Lroke out fualittle bouse on A etreet, be- tweeu Taylor aud Union, and now tho city, from Srewartt wlreet to I, and irom Smith to the Bank of ria, almo-t £ tho Divide beyond tho Ophir, . with uotone houke eaved. The Cup- Iated Visgluis hoistiug woris and unll, aud sl v tho new stawp mitl of the California Com- ping, oo destroyed. The svorks of the C. & . euait aod tho mill belonging to tho California and (ke Consubdated Vinginia are eaved. The Upiitr worlks are fotally destroyed. It is belioved the Opbir snd Consolidated shafts were secured ond ravod. Al the principst businous portion of tho town ia gong, nnd very many of the finest rosidonces. A space half amile by three-fourths is burned over, aud two men wero Lillod an hour gince by a fullog wall. A tremendous gale wad blowing all the forcnoon, and thero was not much that coutd bo done ta stay the progress of the flumes, Oue steamer and the Babeock en- Rite were burned. No correct cutimate can yet be made of tho leuses, though they will probablg 1each 25,000,000, UCNDREDR OF PEOPLL ara utterly destitute, and hundreds of men ara thrown out of cmployment. The woather threat- cus & storm and §s very cold, and what 18 to be done with all the people to-night it is hard to eay, Tho Catholie, 1esbytorian, and Episco- palisn Churchies aro destroyed, but the other cepurches and echool-houses are thrown open for tho sufferers, ‘The ruilroad depot was burned early in the morning, and the rai'read tunnel on I etrect in burned out, bnt trajos can come to the old depot. Tho aity suthorities and citizens aro doing all they ean, ’but the rumn is fearful. ke city looks an’though it Liad been blastod by both fire sud earthquuke. Tho most ghastly £ight is tho tremendous machivery of tho mills aud hoisting works standing out like rpectres in the wmoke; every preat arm stopped, every mighty wheol' still. Thero wero many sick in the eity, and many touchiug eights were wit- uesnod arsid the etorin of tire this morning, Tho beeno frow tho heighis wort of tho city at ¥ a. m, wad most terrivle. Jlotels, churches, mills, howting works, hoth newspaper offiees, tho Opera-Monee, busineas-houses, sud residonces iunumerable were Lut A KEA OF FIRE, whilo the wind Llow a gale, and sometimes rose toa whirlwind. J:xplosion folloned explosion in rupnl kuccession uniil the mountaia side reomed & voritable pundewonium. Many Luildiogs wera inteutionally blown up, but on the cast aud porih nathing stopped or chieoked tho flames until thete was no more for thom to feed upon, The fire in now safoly under control. Itis sald tho Lauterprise will issuo as usual to-morrow morn. ing from the Gold Hill Newws olico, and the Chranicle will olso resumne soon, 1t will take o Toug ime for tha city to recover from tho dise aster. Tho only portion of the city saved iv thnt fiom Wolls, Farga & Co., south, which includes tho works of the Gould & Curry, Savago, Halo & Norcross, and Chollar, The Andes Worke wero o0 firs uk one tito, but wero saved, From the outlook uow iteoems sbeolutely neecssary for 4,000 or 5,000 deatitute peopio to find homen for tiio wiutor outsido of Virgmia City, for really ol most all thnt was tis moruing Virginia City is now but o ruin. Many tenders of hospitality have come from Gold Inil, Sitver City, aud Car~ son, und o train with food and bedding is on the way uow from Unrean, In o sluglo sentenco, wa uroin tha midst of & calamity 8o fearful that the strovgest winds cannot yot realizo itsdread- ful magnitude. GHAVHIC DESCRIPTION OF THE CONITAGIATION, Tha following graphio doseription of the fire iy from anoiher of tho Chronicie’s special re- postera: Vinaixia, Nev,, Oct, 20.—The greatost fire that has over viested Virgiuia City bus Just spent its force, aud the whole town “from “Laylor stroet notth 6 ju aebes. About daylight the alarm was given, tho tiro baviug broken ous in o private duelliug on A streot, A high wind was blowin, at (s time, and befors tho Depariment tould ket at work many beildings were in rujos, With ineredible rapidity tho flamoes spread to B stroot, and soon it was apuarcut Lhat tho grester part of the cily was dovmed, The alaruy was taken up by all the howsting works in tho city, and the shrill notes of pleam-whistlos aud fire-bells, tho bLowling of the wind, and the craokling of the Hames wmade & partect bedlaw of sounds, ited from 4 1ill wore brought luto sere vice, sud overy availablo applisnce Usod to chiock the i, Within an hour from tho timg the firet aluri was given, at loast tweuty dwollivg-housos on A sireot, aud the main busiuess portion of B sireet wero burned to the ground. The frst building that succumbed on 13 stroal was Moo- uoy's lvery stable, a brick building with a wooden root; all the hotaes sud cawriages had boeu removed. A JATL DELIVERY, Aftar leaplog across sevesal suiall frame build. Ingw, the fre next tovk Liold of the County Court- 1lougo, 8 lurgo tbrev-story brick editloo, in which were contined about fifteen prisono Theso woro removed 10 au adjoimug building, aud sub- soquentiy liberated upon their own parols, as un- der the circumsiances nothiug clve could be dono with them. 'Tho east vide of 1 strest wan eoon cuveloped in tlamos, and tho fire was ox- touding uUTtLWard us fast &4 o high wind and a sucecssion of woodou housos could earry it. Lho tiremen were doing their utmost, biit to no avail, Peoplo romoved their ollects into the siicet only 1o bave them Lurned beforo they could bo taken 10 & rl.;‘u of patoty. Whila tho tire was thus oxtonding to the business heart of tho tony, it was also CHAWLING it towar! tho bage of Mount Davidson, destroying in {ta coutso tho tincus family rosidences in the city. On B stroet. tho Iutcrustionul Hotsl, o four-atory brivk, was buraing vu tho roof, sud the juwelry manufactory of M. M, Frederiok, on © wirout, was wmoking, whilo st the enme tie tho bigh wind was carrying cinders a4 lurge us one's hand aver into tho eass sido of O streot, aud presetly a frawo bullding in the reor of the - principall Lnterpries ofira was in flamen, Thus did the fire anproach = quickly from 13 to C airaot that burineks honkes 1 tho Iatter thoroughfaro were dered ¥alo ol ic wan too 11t6 to rveany- from then, Tk Luferprise Duilding way on firs 80 raon thiat Lo secoantant's books alone wero saved. 'I'ie oftleo of the Lrening (hronicl: wan with its contenty Lutally destroved. Fho Tl ght, published i tho wawn bodtding, was aleo o total luss, Duriwg the burning nf thoso buntlSinier, tho tire wan wunking sapil healwny northward and oastwaid, nad comuunicstion bos taeon tho extromes of the city way off, Piger's Opora-tlouen and adjaceut bntdinzg on 1 wtreot wore smoking hotly from taxro.r, and ko burst into & live Nama.” [t wad y T MOST LXCITISG MOMEST of the fire. From tho start the flamex secemad o approwih direeilv the Conoliate ] Virgir howtuig worls sud tho railroad dopot, but noy it wak cartain that unlesd something extraordi- nary tas dune the woris and tho arge Aisty. #taino mdi must sucenmb, Thers were o fow tiannig benidings that b uot vob takan fite, and gant-powder v brouzht into ues to de wtrov them. Explosion aftar cxplosion thinder- od, but ¢l igh wind and tho great hont eonld not Lo avercoma by powder even, anl the roar- ing flamew marched Btraht down 1 sercet aud 10 thy minoy aud the tntll+, the minars in their rosivtless courve, gweepinz ovorgthing bhefore them, including the loisting worsn und mill of the Cannolidatod Virginin, the new battery il of the California, aul the hoiting worke of thoe 12, inf wise. THE WOLKR DESTROVED. The Virgina hointingsehate abats on the rail- sond dep iz, aud northinase from it are the hoiste 1ng works of the Ophir and Mexiean, Tho hols: iniz works of tho Consolidated Virginia were, at the timto they wero erecied, the bost appointed of any in the world, Attached to them wore me- chonical ¥ho; s for every mechanicat department h the tiua, tue wholo costing from H.000, “Tue now mill of the Col | Virgluia was counncted witls the bojst- 1k by o railroad bt upon wondwork With trestiey, aud the fire dasped along fhis for #everal hundred feot, il it reashol the mil, whicl Wi 8 hunoer-built structure, and there- Toro foll o ra1v) prey to the t T KRR Di NT. " viuler supply comes from Lake Mar- quette. in the Sterras, and tho works, 1o which Messra, Fair and Mackey are amoug tho princi- pal osnore, are baid 15 b suflicicnt to furnish any amonnt of water, but when the wind blows hera st blows a perfoct Lurrieane, sud engines with ou exnaustlesd pupply of water aro cumpar- otively usclons when o lito bas ouce got uuder headway, Tuo Yire Dejartment consista of three band-engines, ore steamer, one largo-size Labeoels Extuzmsher, and oue hose company, "I Catholic Clhiurcl, whick was blows up in the vain nttempt to stop tho progress of the flames, was & cumparativaly new brick edifico, anid the best appointed fo tho Stato, It way #pleodidly decorated and cost abaut £40,000, Awong the other prominent butldings do- stroyed uro the Pont-Oftice, the Diunrer ITull, snd the bloek belongiog to Thomen Williaws, of Ouklund, IC WORK AT TItE MINTS. As tho progress of the fire heeame so formidi- ble the miners had been hoisted to tho surface from every part of tuo works below, the shafts bulkheaded near tho surface, and eyery precau- tiou taken o savo tho lives of tho ‘men and ay much property as possitle. Ibera iy no danbg that, uad the wituation been properly takon in ot the start, by the use of & few kegs of posder upon buildings that hai nos et tsken tiro, a Inrgs porton of the city might bave been saved. “The Virguua & Truckeo Rtailroad depot anda large number of cats were dastroy the Crmsalidatsd Virginia was burrit were directod tawards faving the Ophir. but with- out avail. ‘I'verailroad track undtramways Jeading to tho Opbir works wers blown up, and all con- nection with other buildings as far as possibla ©at off, but the intense heat and tho great wind, a4 in the case of the Courolidated Virgiuia, wero ton great. Thae new Canfurnia will-works, tho finest on the Commtock, and which wers jast in readiness to go ito operation, ars in ashes. Tho Opbir shafe was trauie) 10 1o eame manner as tho Coneolidated Virgima, nud thus the mnino wan eaved from burmng., The pan-room of tho now Callfornia belngabout a mils out of tawn 18 of courso saved. Iu consequence of the destrue- t10u of theso works several hundred imon have beeu thrown out of ew) loyment. If sowo pro- vision Lo 1ot mada for the wallerers 08 & masy 1nue Lined-kup mart bo endured. Tho Gould & Curry worss wore saved, tle tire not baying ad- vaucod sonthiwacd on tho cast side of C sirvet furiher than Lo destroy the first. binlding south of Tuylor stroot on tho other wide of hu Kireok, LKTENT OP THE DEVASTATION, Howevar, tho ire reachod to s boint absut op- poute Welly, Fargo & Co., sweeping Maryo's Lrick on C elreet in ils course. From thoso voints northward to thn bew scbool-kouse, being about three-quartets of o mile, thore remuivs not oue¢ habitable Loure. Tho bank l)mhllni; in fiaun 3 tho samo kpacc on U and D strocts has ecu leid bare, and tho burnt district extends well up on the bass of Mounut Davideon, You can atand at the Audos mins, looking east, and 00 nothing but sMokE ruits, the Andes itsalt had a closo call, a3 all tuo awellings around 1t wore destroyed, and 8t 000 timo the works seomed really to bo enfolded in fames, 'Tno cluster of fino dweiling-Louses on I} stroet, above ‘Tavior, was saved. It in impossiblo bow to asti- mato the losa, Over LOMW paople ars renderod homeleses, aml Virginia City scems no more. Now that the firo is over every ouo is quictly waking preparations to rass TUE SionT a8 comfortably a4 may bo under the cirenm- staucex, ‘lwo men wore killed by a fulling wail on C street, and anothier is dying from the ffacts of suffocation, It s n great wonder tuat dozons of people wore ~mot burued or sifled by falling buiidings, as tho dust apd smoko were blindivg wherever one turned hig head, A8 nearly ovesy £aloon in the city has Deen destroyed, whisky is vory scarco and com- mands 8 high flzure. The restsuronts that have been eparcd have to be guarded at tuo doors, 8o that n:ore pevple may not get in them than can_bo reated. and to prevent general dise order and riot. It is very bard 10 get a meal in conmequence of tho great jam by reason of it. Your reportor fasted since morning aud knows not tow (7 p. m.) whoro he may wedge humself in oud pet bito1o” eat; as for sleep in a bouso, that js quite out of thoquestion, TIE AUTHOWITILS are bestirring thetselves to make provision for the women aud children, and a larea sehooltiouso in tho north cud of tasrn, that escaped destruc- tion, Las boen thrown open to them, It is mhout the oniy pnblic building left in the city, Tho City Hall, tho Catholic Church, the Epia- copal Church. and soveral other places of wor- ship have been burned, wealthy when they rokn in the mording were paupeia beforn 11 o'clock. Pricos foll dovwn, down, down. till holders wera dizzy In contam- plation. Californin begau at £62 and wont down to £52 with & suddon rusl, Cansolldated Vie- ginta atarted 0 ita stately way ot 8410, as it nuauspieioun of danger. all “wantod to buy #omo at 307, and could not get it for leas than 9, Under the impulse of tho diaastrous ow it bogan elimbing downward, not making 1 halt nntil it toucked §250. Mexican stoal fien 8t #17.50, _Tho adjacent stocks, Havago, Iale o Norcross, Chollnr, eto., ylolded moto slosly te tho wvressure, 'I'ho roported burning of tho Gould & Curry works, bocaugo of their uaoas a munkonhift forholeting ore from the Consolidated Virgiuin mine, had o "doprearing effect on_ tha #tack. It fell from 319 to 213, and oven 21475, 1ves solifug 1,000 aiarcs at tha formor figured. TIIE YOLUME OF BHARES that changed Landa bofore 11 in an informal way way remsrkable. Probably not less than G, shares of Optur, 10,0008hares of California, nnd 204 eharos cf Consolidated Virginia worn dro;p~d and picked up beforo the morning call, eel & Bcleber foll from £30 Lo 816, n lesa sert. nus delina than thet experienced by its north- eru uieiglbora, Julia weakeued to "812.76, but wirengthiened later, Bavago was strong at £70, and Choliar vigorons at €67. Keene sold Calis tornia at au early hour, as it afterward appenred, for the purnoin of taking in otlier shares. Burt. vell, Bebnuedell, Maring, and Parker wore all heavy wellers during tho forenson. Iirokers doaling for Virguia customors seemod to have the advantopo in newe, nud wore tbe firat Lo taka ndvantuge of the finclustiony in the market, So prices fell duting the long two houra that pres ceded tho Leginnitg of tho motnng eall. The exaitement and turimoil, at first confined to the vicinity of tho Loarde, extened to tha neighbors itz thoronghfares, and hrought to the centro of buriticen those not often sosu sbons that locality, -areful merehianta, who keep the.r stock trans tions pordi, proforsional grutlemen who quiet * Iy dabbla ocsasionally, anid’ Jadied whoso wiipts bave tarely of late enopt Lho sidowally of Cali- furnia sireot, TIIE 310 4 CALL, The reann on the mornivg call in the Fau Francisco Bostd was exciting and uot altogethior agreeablo to witnoss. Every bruker wos in hit plare. ‘The throng of operntors wes denes Auc porvadod with suxfous forcboding. The firo war #till rapog in Virginia, 1t was huposstble to tel whether any portion of the city would Lo saved or any part of the valuabio improvewouts of the uorth-end mines, Damaze uight ensuo to bie mining interosts of Nevada which o year conle not repair. Under thix cloud of uncertainty tie segular moruiug travsactions wore made. oud i. way Lo arkeried that thov havo never bad more the peenlisr aspect of o ** gunbie,” T'or o mo- meut efter the call of ormn, this doubt senmed to oversh: all ; no ouo knew what he should utior, Thow BOme onv Aaid ** $42.5) tho ico wun bLrokecu. Lyery seat waa vacatod, aud tho wild boxde ct brokers gathered in the middle of the fioor, shonting, pushing, bauling, brandwbing their arms. rushing to and fro und giving evidenee of a winte of mental divorder bordenug on lunacy. ‘[ho eall was long, sud tho stock fell from tho fizura named, of its own weight, down ta £34.50. Lest & DBelcher declined moderately o with rometbing lews of tumult. Gould & Curry went down from #15 1o 311.50, Memean from £17.50 to £16.25, Kavage from 3065 to €5, wit timited galess Chollar from 250 to €34, with ittlo chaoging hands; lale & Notcrons from 11.50 to 530, with only 6} sharea sold ; and i ou with Yellow Jacke:, {mparisl Alplia. Over- man, and Justice, which feli the shock hzhily as compared with the etocks 1ore immedint snithin the suhioto of disaster, Uk scene ol tho morniug was on the call of COSMOLIDATID VIROINIA, whicl had sufered (Lo severea: loea of el v bad falicu 90 ou tho first stress of the nows, awl began now at £920, with wuch desie gmy efforta at_invigoration that after tho salo of = shares at this tigure, 1t advauced decidedly, ended with tho walo of ten shares at 2750, Every brozer t tha Hoard appeared to have littlo of i, either to digpose of or to purchasc, and the whole bustuess was done with un ag gato of noifie nover beforo heard it counc with ita casy-going dignity, waually larga, dow the mind- v. 7 e ‘Llio aales ware to- apregatitg 1,005 sharex on the sl slone. Ao powe mals over tho call of Calffornia was ecarvoly less, the yprice rtanging from = ) @3, fnendly shouldars heing pincod unde 1o keop {t from s senoas dectine. Althongh the sales of principal mtochs were considerabio m buth lazice 1idards, tho balk of transuctions tank place infortzally, tho Eaics on call b uzed to tix rutey. FUOM SMONDAY § BATES, To show how great e dilferonces wara ho tween tha higheet prices of Monfay aud the low- 8t yosterduy tho foilowiig S1atement is g en ¢ Cousalidated Virginis declived 2110 o rine Calgfornia, £1 3 Ophe, 218503 Mextear, & Best & Belcher, $ii: Gonld & Curry, + Hale & Noreross, $103 Bullion, €13: Alplw, $3,50 ; Imperial, $1.75; Coofidouca, <3; Yollaw Jackht, €12: Dolchor, §J; Crown Powm:,9a; Ovorman, 12,50, DURING TUE RECESS, Thera was no abatcuent of the excliomont duning tho recess. Al 1 o'vlosk news camo that the firo way undur control, and that the works of tho Gould & Curty wero ' #nfo, which at ance turned tho tide in favor of this stock, mnaking 1t tha fosturo of the aliernoon, From $12.75, its lowest figure, it roso stoadily, touchlug 916,50 befero tho afternoon call, Tho fluctuations jn Oplur were singular, and, A9 thoy servo to show 110 foverish stato of tho market, tho figurea be- tween 1 and 8 p. m, aragivon in full: £47, 47,50, 844, B39, €40, $40.50, #40, #39, £y, #5750, £39, S, #10, 341, F41.00, 842, 2415 California began at §5), and within the matie haurs fell to £40.60, and roso again hopefully to & Consolidated Virginia fell from $230 t0 and roee again to &215. Other ratos dur- ing tho recoss wero Mexican, $16 to 16,50 ; Bost & Bolcher, £87 to §10; Bavago, §00to €05, nearly all of theso stocks showing a shghi dopression betwoon theso rates. Al deal- ings of mombers of the Ban Fran. cisco Buard wera ta the Baard-room as per rule, Operators erowded the room, and all lpgmlchun tuereto aud California atroot, botween Banzome aud Montgomery, wero moro crowded than on any dsy sinco the reopeniog of the Lank of Califci nia. Persous who bad lost tleir all, and wero not allowad within, titled the corridor, aud, pale and nervous with auxiety, stopped every ane go- ing out with queations regerding the prices of stocks ju which thelr littko fortunes were hupe- lessly eutangled, THZ AFTERNOON CALL. The regmlar aftornoon osil i the San Fran- LATEST. Vinatsia City, 10 p. m.—~Tho geveral military olliug tho streets for tho protection of property, armod with bagouety, 'lio fire Is under complete control. Yestorday afternoou o reporter of the Chroni- cle ealled on nearly every insurauco company in tho city and obiatued a statowont of the probas blo loss they woald suataitn, Nono of them had recoived any ofticial reports from tbeir ageuts in Virginia Ciby, owing to tho iuterruption of tole« graphic cowmmunication, but they sll had dia- graws of tho burot district, and,” kuowing the buldings wwsurod, could calculste yury closely the actual loss. ‘Fhe follo g-in a tabnlar statement of tho estimated Josscs of the various compauies ¢ Cammercis), Califurm Bgottieh Commicreial, Hartlord,.. BVCRiassrannyrenanes 8t. Louis aua Uritish Awerican, Fire Awvoctation uf FLuadelph Loudon s Loucashice,... o London Assurstico. Cahiforuls . Hat » 31,148,500 RECEIPT OF TME NEWH ON CALIFORNIA ATUEET. Dy 10 o'clock tho fuoling on tho sirect began to ussuma tho dimeusiovs of a panio. The old loard-rovus was throwu open, sud the crowd, which bad alvendy packed the corridors, rushod in, almost burstuig the doors frow thelr hingos und sweoplng frow his place tha handsomae Ser- geaut-at-Arms who usually guards tho entravce. Thosmphitheatre of the roum was ot onso # seenu of wild oxvitemont, All available space imside the rail sud without was densely crowded, with we who wete anxipus to aell, but largely with that class of capitalists who staud ready to pick up stock thrown out at paulo rates. . Bmiing shorts, who thought their oj por- tumty bad come, stood by aud scovped in the slock romornolewsly by tho thousaud shaves, ‘The wild howling of sellors, dusisous L0 kot out of tho way of & universal crush, th sharp, ner- vous cry of purchasoers, the oy conversation of operators rolating she news Ju s latest phase, and discussin wild chauces snd vaguo probabilities, wado a discordsut din such as the walls of the Hoard-lovus Luve uever before ve- ochoed. Aargius were BWEPT OUT OF slaur in a moment. Doslony who tbougby themuelves cisco Doard was unoventful. I'rices of mont stocks woro pusbied down hitle, but many of the #maller ones hiold up bravely, and oven ad- vauced slightlv. ‘There wore long dreary futer- vals without bida ar affors, tho caltor londing to tho dnll list only tho muafo of his voico as he tead eouorously and with rare interrupton, AYTER ADIOURNMENT cama the repart that the shafs of Ophir was on tire, whick at once started 1t 8zain on itk travels, It bopan at €41, foll to 836, and just ot twi'l,at ralliod & little, ending its gyrations at 337.50. Tach large Doard dealt iu s own room, doins; tlttle buetness outeida of certainn tavorites. It rew dark early, sud the gas was lighted to fimlhma operations. It was fully 6 o'clock whot businees cassed, and the brokaera lefe the Board-room, Ratee betweou 4 and 6 p. m. woro an follows: Oplir, &11@30: Mexican, §16.25@ 16; Gould & Curry, B@18.25;: Hest & Bolcher, £41,60@83.50 ; Bavago, §71@03; Cali- Tornia, §51@51.75; Consolidated Virglnia, 3257.- G0@242.60; Justice, &@AT, AGUUEGATE SALES, The eales of a large number of stocks ot sacondary importance wero limited, but of Ct fornia, Ophir and Conwolidated Virginia groates than on any provious dayin the bitory of tho Boards, Tha following are the aggregule sales made in leading ssocks in ali the Board: b ‘fhese cover tho case but (iuhnllv. singo the Iargest sales wero Informal. Probably not loss thiau 20,000 sbares each of Ophir aud Californis changed hauds duning the day, and 5,000 of Con- wohdated Virginia, v TIK COXCLUBION OF ToI DAY. Mauy brokers visted their otlicos lato in tte avouiug to learn the lateat news from Virginia. ''ho genersl fealing, asthe extout of the diasstor bocame known and tho losses weighed aud ness- ured, became quictand hopoful, It was not the opluion that the stocks would decline much furshier, Tue wives aro there, a8 rick au wyer, sumption of business at ho lues, somo at forty-tive duys, othors ot sisty. No one seersed to think that over niuesy days were requirod to replaco ull Loistig works, oroct buildlugs, aud put iu_uccessary machivery, 1k is too soou to eatimate the peouniacy dawage to Individusls ou thu street, but the opiuion provails that fow per- dous are hurt whosa failure will eutsil serious injury. Mauy mwall oparstors sre, uf courss, rumed.