Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 20, 1875, Page 3

@y-bosutitul plants diffuse, THE CHICAGO 'TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MARCUE 20, 1875.—~TWHELVE PAGES, LITERATURE. ‘THE FAR ORIENT, Ora Brnarts oF Macacca, Urvo-Cima, an Cara} on, Try YEane Tuaveta, ADVENTUREA, AD Kknt~ pexcr Annoad, By J. ‘Twusox, F, 1b. G. B.. AU- thor of * Iiustrationn of China and Tin Peopte" "Te Tustented with Upward of Hixty Wood-Engravings by |. D, Cooree, from the Auttior's Own Scetohox and Puotograpls, Bv0y pp. 5i, Now York: Harpor & others, Ton years’ travel and revidenco in tho Malacca Ielande, Siam, Cambodia, and China, shonld tave yioldod Mr. Thomson a rich harvest of ex- periances, from which s valuablo and delightful volume could easily be complied. Tho only purpose which guided him in bin wander- ings seems to havo been = desiro to galn oll tho information posniblo of the people, the scenery, and tho products, of the conntrios through which ho wae pansing. Instoad of tho poncll and portfolio. of tho polite traveler, ho boro constantly with him the camera of tho photographer, and with tho rapidity aud accuracy of 8 mechanical art made fac-similes of tho most picturesque viows and {ntoresting objocts that occurred in his pathway. With the pecniiar faclittes enjoyed in a loianrely purantt of tho aims of the sight-scer, added to tho habits of ob- sorvation to which his profession must jn some dogreo have trained him, wa repent, Mr. Thom. fon should have produced asa result of his pro- longed sojourn in Eastorn Asia » charming yol- umo of rominizconces. On tho contrary,;lo Las made 8 ningular fail- urein tho effort to produco a pen-sketch of tho salient, striking iucidente of his for- eign oxpertence. Iie story {ts liko a Vlurred photograph: yague, confuscd, vapid. We strain our eyes to get 8 flistiuct itoago, a clear idoa, of the representation hefore 1s, be it Jandseape or portrait. In vain. Tho narrative {s really romarkablo for the absenco of suything like form, or color, or order, We have uo disposition to criticiso tho style of tho writer, foulty a6 {it ia, Wo do not Jook for scholarly phrasing from tho Nips of adventurers and oxplorcra, ond can pardon any amount of bad grammar provided there is some pith In tholr wording, somo infor- mation {n their discontao. But after patiently poing through with Atr. Thomson's bulky yolumo, {loro 18 80 tittle gained from it, wa cannot help deploring, xs woll as wondering, over our disap- pointment and his wasted opportunity. Mr, Thomson opens his record of travel somo time in tho yonr 1862, at the Island of Puto- Penang, which lion a tthe outrauce of the Straity of Mataccs. If jercsidence hero and in Province Wollesioy was profonged ten monthe, during which ho cecupied himscif in photography, wan- @ering ovor the Penang sottloment and the maln- land tear by, in quest of attractive subjects for his caworr, Ifo trainod two Madras men, or Klings as they aro called, to oxetst him fn print ing bispletures, for which thera was 8 largo do- mond among tho residout Europdans. In this manner ho appears to have combined prot with pleasure throughont bis tou years of prilgrim- ‘age. Z "Among the first things attracting Mr, ‘Thom- son's notico on his arrival iu tho Tropics was the tremondows din made by tho insocts, especially at morving and ovyening. ‘Soon after sun- riso;” he says, “tho nolso of awaokdn- ing beotles and treu-loving {uscets is so grant one) to «drown tho bellowing of n bull or tho roar ofa tigers fowpacew of, Tho nound renombles most nenrly the metaike whirr of a hundred Bradford looms, Ono bectto in par- ticular, known to tho nativesas the * trampeter,’ bnsios himsolf all day long in produc- ing s booming noixo with his wlio. T havo cautiously approachod treo in witch I know a number of thera trumpoter-hocties to have settled, whon enddenly the sound etopred, tho alarin was spread from treo to treo, aud thero was 6 Jullin tho forest-emusic, which only recom- Smened whon I had roturued to the beaten track, As nimost all other tonnsts have been, Bir, Thomson was dicuppointed at tho doarth of flowers in tropical forests, According to his observation in Yonang, which is a moat Inxuriant and [zoductive Jelond, “ Flowers ond flawering Ehrubs or trees are by no monus abundant, nor me their hnes so attractive, in any part of tho istand, ny to coma up to one’s preconceived ideas rospecting tho wild uxurlance of tropical color- ing in which recne-paluters rove! when depicting an Fnetorn forest or jungle. It is in the gardens of tho forcign restdentr, on the hot pluin, that yvo_ meet with the proateat varicty of indigenous flowers, glowing, most of them, with tho brilliant, rimaty colors which reom to mo to charac. ‘erize tho floraot tropicregions. I should single put red aud sellow as predominating, whilo all thosa secondary or mixed colors (excepting Breen), which oxhibit so many tendor touches of naturoin our pews patdorise fro conspicnous by their abacavo from there sunny climes.” 2, “T keliove that tho flawors of our European pardons sud woods cun boast a gronter variety und dolicazy of coloring than those to he fonud in any tropical lands I ever * visited," ‘The pro- domliance of reds and yellows {to the coloring of the tropical flora iy conspicuously marked in our own autumnal flowers. The “blosvome of eatly spring, aro dalicato in tint, 26 if tho palo nays of the win had not prgtnent enough to paint them ; but as the season adyauces and tho sun- buntns grow ficry, the flowors deepen in hice unt) thelr colors blaze and burn with a warmth und eplondor equalfug tho Intensity of the noon- day glara, Penong was but 5 wild juvgla tu 1738, when. Capt, Light received it as tho dowry of Lis bride, tho daughter of the King of Queda. It now hay & population of 45,000, and s commorce amount- jug aunually to about £3,000.000, ‘Tho entire Isinnd in udder oultivation, and ita fertile uoit ylelds yich crops of eugar, coffeo, rice, and Epices. Nearly a Lundred different frutts are Brown upon the islaud, OF those, the durian and mangosteen aro tho most fumous. Tho Wangostocn resembles nn orange In-dize and shapo, The tnd is thick aud of a dark-brown nioltiod with yollaw or gray. ‘Tho juicy pulp ia rose-colored, aud of an exceodingly dalicato fa- vor, blending acidity with swoetness, Tho du- rian fs» roundish oblong fruit, tho size of a man's head, ‘Tho rind 4s thick and covered with splros, hilo the creamy pulp los a delicious taste, but a repulsive odor that oue learns to tol- orate only with tio, ‘Tho Island of Singaporo is prononuced by Mr, Thomzon s delightful yinco of residonce. ‘Tho Beonory $a Jeu» bold than In Penang, yot a soles al low billy give variety to tho Jundseano in the interior, Uighwoye are carried in broad, oven lines along tho Intorvemmg plaing, and not in- f{requentiy are skirted for miloa with unbroken rows of fruit treos, or thoy run under tho whol- torlug canopy of overaching paim-trecs, whilo the red-thed roofs of forcizn residences may Lo Bescried awld the foliage on tho hilluides. Tho toug and well-kept approaches to these Luronean dwollings are ombowerod iv overhang- lng foliage, and often aro {nclosed with hedgos of wild Lollotrapo, trim aud compact aa walla of ton, yot brilliant with blossoms of purplo and Bold. Behind the Leitgos bavanas nod their bonding leaves, while fur avorhend the palm trees wavo thor feathery plumos. A choice flower- garden, a closs-shaven lawn, onda preou for froquet, commouly surround the dwelling, "If ithe early jwornlug, there iy an unspeakable tharm sbout the epot, ‘tke oir is cool, avon braclug, and boveath tho shads of a xroup of foreet-trecy, which tho ax has purposely spared, sco the sich blossoms of orchids depending {rom the boughs, aud broatho an atmosphoro saturated with the perfume which thexe straugo- . Honglosa birds twit- ser or croak among tho folisga alovo, or cluo bo- heath tha ehrube which tho conyolvulus bus aecked with a hundred varieguted flowers. Toro ind there the slender wtom of tho alos, rlaing TOW an armory of spiked leaves, lifts its cone of Whito bells on ‘high, as tho deep-orange pine-ap- ple hicops out from a green helt of Deshy foliage, And breathes ite ripe fragrance around, Tavlog hurned the Jast bolt of tho path, wo come ut Jougth upon a wide iligLt of etopa fu front of tho house, ‘Ibo tited roof aud wide eaves cover $ spacious verandah, which ruse around tho building on ull sides, ‘Tula yorandal ia supe Ported by & row of plusterod brick pillars of tlaaulo proportions, and is incloscd by a carved flies of hard polisued wood, It box rattan Hinds to ebade if, and thous roay bo ba lot down dr rolled up Upneatls the eayou, aa tho position of tho sun may Viowera in china bu the gravol drive fn front. But there is ap obverno aide to this Paradisalc picture, ‘The heat tn vei ; = bter in the ehade Indicating from ay ton a y ees Kahr, tho year round. Ou the vousug there iss dally breezy from tie sak ‘he thertnomoter ranges from 63 to 15 degreoy, tho ellmeto there ls healthy, and raln fella ovory nouth in the year, exco) Munry: 7s Z 7 pt Jauuasy and fo continua the deecription of ¢! realdonce iu Bingaporos gi Tntariee pigres \nroughout with hard, polished wood. In tho tuutro are the dining and sitting rooma, di ded by silkon crocus reaching midway tothe calling, Tho Led-rooms are whut of by wimilar 8 opening on hinges, and 80 coustructed 23 to recure complete privacy aud yet to adult the air freely. The bods aro each inclosed im. &- hujo muslin cago large enblugl Ld doutein a table, reading-lainp, and an easy chair, These precaus tlons liiut aé tha existenca of 2 terrible plague in tho way of mosquitoes, Largo punks or fans ore sisponded front the ceiling of the bed- ergo, aud on bot nights oa native servant ils through the toute tired hours, and keeps tho air in motion sshile hia wastor wléeps. ‘Sipgapore has the nani of }eing infestad with tyera, but, during bis three yeatn’ residence on the feland, Mr. ‘Thomwon novor saw ove, In- doud, allhongh ho often went oub muting with tho members of the sporting club, eo never ou- countored nuy beast moro formidabio than o doer. Hordes of pigs run wild in tho jungle and afford goad shooting to Luropeaus. At Johore, a Malayan provinces uoar Singapora, Mr. Thomron met with 8 fow tpociinens of the rborigincd of the country, ‘They oro woolly-haired sud dark-ekluned, and seem to be identical with tho natives of New Guinea and many‘of tho Dacifio Islands. Mr. ‘Thomson obtained phutographa of 8 group of (hous peo- ple, called Jacoons, but learuod vory Jittle of {ueir habits, Only aremunut of the 1aca now survives, and theso adlicra to tho foreuts and stibist Upon the frufta aud natural products of the country. From Sineapora our itinerant passed to Bang- kok, tho Capital of Slam, arriving ju Boptomber, 1865, Yor geome distance above its inonth tho Menom iver, on which tho city is lovatod, Nowa betwoen low banka, through mareby, allu- vial lands ; but es it approaches the Capltal the ecencry prowa moro intercuuing, aud palms, frult troek, and groves of bamboo, diversify tho plaing. Hivo fs cultivated on these fowlands, and whoo tho crop in latf-grown it clothos thom wilh a robe of vivid aud beautiful groon. To Mr. Thomson, Dangkols presented the appearance of ao floating city. At Jonkt two-thirds of tho nutlve popula- tion spend! tel lives on tho river, either iu bonts or tn aquatle houses built upou rafts, ‘Lheso tlosting dwellings go cover tho river that “it Is imposniblo ct tiret eight to determine where Jand begine and whore fi: ends." Thoy ato muored close together in compect Ines, and in- torfero connidcrably with free nuvigation, Tho rafts on which theso houses rest aro mado of immboo canes, which, being hollow and divided {nto rir-tight eompartmaits by solid joiuts, aro admirably adapted (othe purpose. ‘he houses thomuolves aro built of teak-soud or of batnboo, aut, being inmrny exses gilded, and painted, and ornamented with carved work nbout tho caves, windows, etc, form highly picturenque objects on tho water, ‘heir interior isso arranged asto furnish cool nnd comfortable rooms for tho im habitents, From a eaullary point of view, thes “river dwellings” afford many advantages ; con- venioucen for bathing, sewerage, ete,, aro close at hand and coxt nothing. Should « fira break out’ in any ono of them, however, the peril i# enormous. Notwithetandlug their contact with the water, their intlainmablo tin- terinis ineuro thelr spesdy destruction, while thelr close proximity to neighbors renders 2 wide-spread conilsgration almost inevitable, Bangkok tu one of tho great esntres of Pnd- dhikm, At the time of Mr. ‘Khomeon’s visit, thera wero about eixty-five temples in tho city conkecrated to this worthip, aud to these tp. ward of 9,000 priests were attached, Connected with Wat Sekot, on of tho axcred temples, is a court whore the bodies of slaves and paupers are thrown to bs devoured by dogs and yiitures, In_ tho contre uf this cont etands a winall char: nel-Lonso, ‘Tho pavement round about is coy- erod with dark stains aud littored with bleaching: Loues, while a Indeous tench of carmen per- vades tho cutire atmosphere, Mr. ‘Thomeon happened at the piace one day in tino to wituens the disposition of the corpse of ono who dicd too poor and triendloes 10 reveive buriul. “On a tuddon the fipht waa obsonred, and -down dropped a troop of yuitures from the troos above, Jnzily flapping thetidry, parclment-looit- ing wings, und aweepin n peatilontini lant into aur faces ng they rasttod slewly through the air, Noxt n bungry pack of nungy dogs ‘rushed. howling Into the inclosure. And then, tardily wenving ite way up tho avenue, followed a, pro- ccusion of elayes and inouruers, Learing a rated corpso upon a bier. Wo mado way for this funoral train, and sow them deposit the dend body upon tho ground; iho vultures meanwhilo liinping forward with a whistling. jorking noise, thrust- inyg ont there bare, scaly nocks to within s fow feet of the corpyc, nnd only kopt off by an attendant with the ald of a bamboo-rod. At length, when tho funeral had withdrawn, tho Jeador of the yulturos ran forward, tapped the corps on the forchesd ta make pura life waa ox- tinct, and thon, in an ijustaut, had scooped ont its eyes. Horror stricken, warusliod aay from tho spot, and left these ill-omoued birds to foast and sqnubbie ovor thelr proy.' ‘Lho womon of Uangkok, ae well es tho men, avo devoted to the uso of betol and tobacco, ‘The betel is chewod, ite blood-rod juice giving a disgusting color to tho saliva and covering tho teoth with 6 black ancrustation.. Tobacco is emoied in the form of cigarettes, rolied up in strips of dried plantain leat. Jyen tho children. ate seldom seon without one of thooe cigarettes ithe mouth, and Mr. Thomson avors that ho has “uctually seen o child leave its mother'y breest to have a moka.” From Hangkok, Mr. Thomson journeyed overland juto Cambodia, in order to oxamine aud make photographs of tho ruluod templos and antiquities sll testifying to the wealth and power of that ancient Empire, Sovoral weelig wero consumed in this oxpudition, which included on visit to the sites of differont cities mow ying desolate and decaying in tho midst of malari- ous forests, ond gradually sinking uoder an ac- onmulating macs of vegetablo dobris, Mr. ‘Thomson gives but asinglo chapter to this in- toronting explanation, und leaves thareador with merely an inkhog of tho past history aud the prosent condition of tho maguiticent'citics, pal- acod, and templos, ouco tho glory of Cambodia. At Saigon, in Brench Cochin China, Mr. ‘Thomson notes tho dally routing of life followed by the Frouch morchants, Ag it will servo very well for adoxcription of thadiurnal habit of must forcign residents 1m Kastorn Asia, we extract the outire aketch: About Lalf-past 6 or 6 o'clock iu the moruing the mon-servant (Chinose) would fap ot tho door, ‘Tuan bangou adds copeo!! ‘Awnkw, vir, coflee ts ready,’ is tho snuouuce- wpout ho briuge, in Malay, ojlanguage upoken by the Bingapore Chineso, " Rofreshod with a cnp of cotfeo,—of tho truo Parisinu flavor, by the wey,—and wilh a pluto of freuhly-gathored fruit, the merchant would deseesd in bajo and pajamas (slooping costume) to the ‘oltico on the ground floor; abd then, having lit Lis choroot, he would sit down to busnews till about lislf-past 0 o'clock. ‘I'o bathe and com- plote the toilot is the next duty to bo ful- Hille, and after this follows broalsfant, with its riee, curry, aud so forth; such a repast, indeed, With slight variations, as ere tho breakfaste which we know ovorywhoro fu tho East, Tho meal con- cluded, Une ts whiled away with roading, sloop. ing, eMoking, aud lounging, until tho cool of the oftoruoon has arrived. ‘I'nen tiflin (uncheon) ia verved up, aud after tiflin work is renewed for two or threo hours, Some timo is spont in a promenade, to liston to the band; iu a gue of billmrds or ‘ecarto’ at tho club; or in mpping a glaaw of abasintho at tho favorito cafe. After dinuer the ovening would bo apent at homo, or it might bo at tho club or cafo, whore card-partlos wero madd up and play carricd on to a Jato hour, ‘This wort of oxintonca fy, of course, varied by pevate dalla, dinner-partios, and stato-recep- dons at Government Hono,” Mr, Thowson whiled away throo months or £0 Jy Cochin Chios, and thon eutored China proven, whore ho spont the romaining portion of borin Jn tho East. Dds travolsy in tho * Flow. ery Land” were oxtonslve, and hls oxporioncca undoubtedly to bimxelf most instructive, but bis account of them contains Uttle that isnew or upociully interesting. Ilence, na wo havo alread: glven his book more space than we had intended, wo clogo it ot tho description of Mougkong, the portal through which tho traveler entered tho Chiuese dowlofons, LONGEVITY, ’ Lonorviry : Tuy Means vy PHoLoNaiya Tare Arten ‘Mippis: Av, By Jour Ganvyen, M.D, Author of “ Houvchold Medicine,” etc.” Front the third Bn. wiiah Edition, He nd Enlarged, 11mo,, pp. lui, Vustou : Witllem ¥ Gill 4s Co, It Ja singwar how Uttlo respect and reverence mankind have for old ago, Hvory individust ts traveling rapldly towards ft, aud sooner or Intor, If life be not prematurely out off, musi reach the inevitnblo goal, Yet the indifference, or tho dread and aversion, with which this period of bu- msn existenco Js regarded, are universal. It iy Uot strango thet mon should mouru the lous of vigor and activity that is the concomitant of declining years or that thoy should regrot tho thickening wrinkloy and grey hairs, the slirunken aspoct, the bent form, tho halting gait and fecblo movements, the dulled sensos and blunt. od feolinga, that gradually transform us as life advances beyond tho mortdian, But, though tne seavidences of decay are in soma imessuro Inevitable, old aga hay itv compensa. fons, which iu @ woll-ordored mind aro bufltelent to make tho condition compatible with s largo smount of happiueca. If life has boon even moderately suproved, it does not fail of bringing to the wexagenarian dignity, sercpity, and wis dom, and thoxo, stamping thojr impress ou the visago, and Joudiug their charactor fo the bear- ing, create s beauty sud a benignity thet aro of the noblcat- type. ak es ‘To be old is not, noceasarily, to be aenilo, to ba docropit, miserable, useless, aud in tho way, . ics If wo ekillfully fortify oursolves against tho ar- eanlia of time, botl body and mind may hold ont far boyond the anticlpation of most persons. To strongthen ‘ourselves against the general Deliof that ageing must imply o etupofaction of all tho facultica and 9 destruction of all capacity for servics to others and hap pincan {fn oursolves, is tho sure way to secure a peaceful, contented, aud beautiful old ago, Keep tho faculties of tho mind bright by rejular and rational use. Hoe tu it that none of thom ehirk or excusa thelr {dicuess on the plen of Jong sorvice, Watch over tho body aud ‘uaid every weal polut, bracing cack part atthe iret signs of decay, and presorving avory fuuc- tion in working ordar, aud 8 healthful, proita- ble, and pleasant oxfstence may be preserved for oighty, ninoty, and a bindred youre. Tho normal duration of buman Jife extends, according to M. Flourenn, oxactly to Jive times tho peijod consumed in growth. ‘The estimate ts basod upon observatlons regarding tho life of differnt species of the mamtmulla, Dufow suge posted that tho total duration of Ife might bo measured by the porlod of growth, but he ox. tended life to #lx or seven tines tho period of rrowth. Elourens Jitnlis it to five. In his work on “jlumau Lougovity, otc,” Flouronn states that, “Ag long ay tho hones avo not united to their opiphyses (wofL extremiticy), tho animal growe ; whop once they ere united, the anfmal graws no moro. In tan tho union of the bones aud the epiphysoo la effocted at 20 yoars of ago, In thocemel, ¢ tales place al 8 years ; duration of lito about 40 veary, In the horse, the nnion takes placo at 5 yeara ; duration of life about 26 yeu In the 05, tho union takes place at £ yearn; dura Hon of Iife about 20 years, In tho doy, tho unin takes placoat 3 yeara; duration of life about 10 to 12 years. In the cat, tha nojon takes place ab 13 moutha ; duration of life about 9 tu Dre Accordiny to this thaory, the ordinary fifo of man abould be profonged to 100 years, Dut tho tinio of porfect maturity of growth is not a 1): quantity, It viries in individuais. Dr, Gardue: tho author of the yolume before us, tuinke it safe to aksume that the human body lias reached itu full developmont and maturity at from 18 to 21 yoarn. flultiplying those years by 6, wo havo the novural term of man's life. reaching to from vO to 105 years. Tho ifaforenco follons from this calcula:ion that all perrona who dis under £0 years of upo, many who dio nnder 99, and some who dio under 100, ar even 105 yours, die promaturoly. ‘Thly inforenco is supported by Inct. All pathologivta ngico thet very few per- nons dio purely of old age. Tho matority of thono whone lives extend beyond 80, and even UU years. div of diseases that inlght have been avoided, cured, or kept in abeyance nutil the futlterm of humen No fad been reached. A ¥ronch writer, alinding to tho common necloe: of preenutions and provisions for prolonging Lifo, truly remarks, “Men do uot usually die; they themselves.” Caves aro froquently current in the uowepa- pers, and somo are even recorded in history, of Lumuan life exceeding a cantury, but receut eiro- tilinvestizalions chow that exceeding]: few in- stances of tho kind aro authenticated, Mr. WV. J. ‘Thoms, the editor of Notes and Queries, has for yeard boon studying the subject of human lon- gevity, oud, ag tho aevult of his patient aud igacioun inquiries, has found but four ws tablished modern {nslances of porsons livin, Le youd 100 yeara. A history of thoxo Gases, with much other enrlous information pertalume to human fife, may be found in s{r. Thoms' Into volumno entitled * Uuman Longevity, Ita Facts and Its Fictions." 3fr, ‘Thoms, whose auppore 14 valuable, gives hie assent to the theory of M. Toureps, quoted above; ond wa may add that the eminent avatoulet, Richard Owen, doca tho ene. ‘Tho avcrago duration of life is st present In- croasing in Lugland, as also i: nomu other coun- tries, Tbisisavjug to a more geuorul kuowi- odgo and practice of tho laws of bygivne, to public sanitary regulations, to progress in tie arta of healing, and to othor obvious causgs, We tinyo every reason to expoct thnt lifo will gontinus to be extanded, and that contonariana will more and inore frequently appoar umong the population. Stutisticy show that tho average duration of human lifo varies with ditferout classes and oc- cupations, ‘Thus, ministers aro, 28 o closes, tho longost-hved, and physicious, tho shortest. The rich, ar thoso axempt from the caros of business, Ive, a8 a rule, Jouger than tho poor. Tho immatea of elocmosynary institutions, aud tho members of commmnnirtic societies, being protected from care and auxictios, attain much moro than tlio average longevity. ‘Tho period et which most persons may be termed old, at which they enter on tho decline of life, is wet by Dr. Gnrdner at 63. ‘This epoch corresponds to what tho anctent philosophers designated “tho grand climacteric '—xovon multiplied by nine. Dr. Gardner's object in his presont work on “ Longovity "is tocall tho attention of thowe who have passed middle lifo to the importance of using every ressonablo means to presorve ihamnsolvos against the encroachmente of divcase, Jo dose uot aim at superseding tho physician, whose bolp should bo promptly secured on the firut symptom of iltnces, but ho does audeavor to stimulate the old and the middio-nged to a jnat appreciation of the valuo of long life; to a watchful caro of their health, and to tho adop- tion of slinple precantionury measures which in many casos oxompt thom from siskness and auffering, and increago thelr chances of longovity. ‘Thoro are fowto whom it ts addressed who will not dorive useful lints and advice from it, and wo commond it heartily to the groat multitude of mon aud women that aro uoaring that period Buc they must acknowledgo thoy aro growing old. ‘ * _ CHRIST IN ART. Cuter ix Ant, By Epwanp Eaarestoy,D.D, Ib lustrated with Oue Hundred Full-Pago Pater on Heel and Wood, Executod by Unzxp Awoun, of Dusseldorf, Aflar tho Fauoua Designs of ALEEAN- bm Uiva ;' togotber with Numerous Expository Ene ravings da the Text of Amoricun Artista, Octavo, Pp. 295, New York; J, D. Ford dc Co, ‘Tho ongravingy coustitute tho chicf attrac. ton of this captivating book, They ara copied from tho designs of Bids, the Ironch artist, who spent years in the Holy Laud fitting himeelf, by a atudy of tho sconory, architecture, coatunie, and custotns of that country, for the grand work ho bad nodortakon of illustrating tho life of Christ, Twelve yoars woro oocuplod in tho Proparation of tho drawings sud engray- ings of his plotures, and = $150,000 was exponded in thoir publication in Finooo. The price of tho entire sctics in tho original edition fy $165, aud tho work, as a wholo, is pronounced a masterpiece of Biblical illustration, woll worth its high cost, In ropro- ducing thoso designs by Bids for the Amorican public, Moesrs. Ford & Co, Luve had thom en- feared ju tho xylographic establishment of rend ‘Amour, of Dussoldorf, Germany, and avo- ty offort bad beon oxponded by engravor and Dublighor to prosout them tu a Btyle equaling, ‘Bu nearly aw possible, that of the claborate sud ologant Pranch plates. ‘the mottod of Vida'a art ts noble, as well a3 truthful. His picturos have, overy one, an air of majouty and graudour, which not unfrequont- y rises to the helght of sublimity, Each inci- ont that the urlist has dolinoatod fs oxpresied with feoling, forco, and profound effopt. Not tho loust Une quality of his work is ita Adelity to history. All tho figures Introduced in- to tho various suones aro of the Syriac type, i face aud feature, while the Ifo, the vostomes, aud the accousories, down to tho minutest, aro purely Orlontal in thoir charactor, ‘The toxt socompany ing, the ilustrations bas heou piccod outof the four Gospels with auch skiIL that tho 'ifo of Curlst sppcars a4 a roundod Bud continuyus narcative, given in the oxact langusge of the Evangoliat, and yot without brouk or ropotition, ‘Tho-arultracy diviston of the unsrative into ebaprers and yorses which provails in the Gospels 5 evoldod, and thegaured story reads hiko o fresh poo or tragedy in the history of tho world, Eeatterod aloug through the text sro emall cugravings of Atmcrican artists, giving foc-uimiles of the implomonte, ferment, colus, ote., to which allusion {a inado In the Goxpols. Lettor-press and. sngtavicigs taken togathor form » yolumo which onu may bo forgiven for coveting, Bold only by euoscrip- by MOORE AND JERDAN. : Bato-a-Brao brutes, Peusonal HeMiNMoENcrs BY Moowy axo Jenvax, Edited by licnanp Lewy Broppany, Square tmo., yp. 294, Now York; Bertbocr, Armetrong & Co," Vrico, $1.89, Mr, Stoddard has given further evidence of le ability as an editor by solecting from tho elybt solid volunes of the “Memolra, Journal, aud Correspondonca of Thomas Moore," edited by Lord John Russell, the sprightliest and most Interesting portiong, and arranging them in chronological order, By the dccomplishmont of thia by no mesns light labor, he has condansed into 170 duodecimo pagow all that the majority of the readers of the present gonoration will with or have timo to loarn concerning Moora's Utetory, aud his opinions of himaelf and of the distinguished Persous with whom bo was asyo- ei William Jerdsn, known to many as the editor Of the dilerary Gazcite, an Englivh journal of fofluence Atty years ugo, begau ot tho axe of 70 the publlostion of his “ Autobiography,” which gitended to four volumes, As bis Rieehprren ought him: into business or social relations with the various members of the literary and iy BF y sclontific elrctox of London, his personal roml. | nikcences enn acarcely fol) of eifordin: entare talnmont. The choicest bits from bie ography" have been folned to tho eciracts from Soore’s Meotea, and all tozetivr form « reada- Vie numbor of tha Bric-a-bras raice, REAOY RECKONER, topp'a Teady Reckoner and Commorclal Cal- culator isa tittic book especially demyned for the pockot of tha farmer, but adapted ‘for tha uno of n great many pervone who do not till the soil, It contains tables for finding the values nod bulk of farm-pratucts, interest cn notes, ete, and rules for performing tho calculations without the ald of tho tabies, if Ko preferred, ‘hero rules ara esporially valuable, as they contain conclra methods for finding tha desired results in tin shortest pasathle way, saving apreat many Hgnros which ara re- quired in the ordinary aritheineticnl procenses, Tho claim that the system of caleniation is original (with the author) must bo aecepted cnn qrano salts, na the methods of contraction employed aro familiar Lo every ten! tnathematt- cian. “Lhe author is, howovor, entitled t+ great eredit for having brought them duwn te the comprohenslon of tho ordinary mind, nud put them instch a practical form, Mr. Tonp ia a renident of Bioumington, It, BOOKS RECEIVED, Cnntar ann Susanrry t Wrrit AT AND CLITIONL, OF THE Doctuxe or Cpntat's Pore ly Hekny © Goonwix. ‘temo. pp. bik, Hew York: Harper & Drothere, “Wuloe, Ww Moxirany Mrarna: Tie Oxne It Toe Heerecrivn J Paorcury, any or Protec Etaucian Meveraons, pwany Ken feed frou Mls Worle on Lalor and Othe? vith Numerous Additiona from fl Mente Ldited by Iie Daughter, ny Partwawt « Fifth £ditlon, lune, pp. Bit, Hullae tours Carey Balrd, Tar Strrone of THe Tustes ov re Korenon Cuannes the Fretin by Winutay Gonznnax, D, D, Wirit aN AccounT OV Atriu iis Ampivatioy, By ¥ New Hilti, In ‘Three Vor pp. i4, Vaflatelphiss J. 1, Ix run Ganonaur. Dy FE Totton: Loring, $0 a Yran, How J Mann be wir Mr How Orin Stax Hoon 30 5 443 VYaoprn, Aliriston, sussex, Dug font Lorlny. Hove Mewuprrit, nm, Wistonicass Muans oF T+ ¢ Be, ann th. We jad, Foyer, Moss A Kol. By Fi ther at Pe" Tue Biubou,” ¢ York: Marpar & Brat PERICDICALS RECEIVED, azine for Aprit (Flarjer & Proth- er, Now York). Contents: The Broad," Ly Constanes Fenimore Woolion Follower," by It. H, Stoddard; “ Carteatures of tha Ieformation,” by James Parton; “Sunrira on Datmos," by Titus 3%. Coan; ‘Angelica Kauffman," by E, Mason; Raps of tho Gamp," by C. Welsh Mason; 'Sbinnocock,” by Henry Lekford; “Lhe stone Age in Europe, L—'tho Drift," by Prof. Charles Rau; ‘Amerioan Iu- mor,” hy the Hon. 8. 8. Cox; * Tio Mirst Con- tury of the Republic. (Sixth Paper.)—Progross in Manufacturo," by tho Hon, David A, Wella; “4 Lion in tho Way,” arrict Prescott Spot. ford ; “Mickel Angelo,” by Edward Howland; “Sho Widow Case," by None Terry Cooke; “Under tho Nose,” by Will Watlnce Harney; “Mina Angel," by Mlsn ‘Thackeray; “Like a Child.” Loulio Chandler Moulton, AUantic SHonthly for April (11, O, Honghton & Co., Loxton), Contents: A Midnight Fane by I. B. Aldrich; “Calling the Dead.’ by 12a Taro, Ate Taper. Sow BL. D. Pintt ; + Campaigning with Max)" by George E, Waring. Jr.z¢ Immortelles,”” by Ed- gar Fawestt; Tho ‘Thlug which Hath Boon Shall Ke," Ly Rowe Torry Cooke; “Diana,” by Maurice ‘Lhompaon; * Lod Hnudsoa," IV., by Houry Jamce, dre; Urvaai," by Helen Bar. ron Bostwick; ‘A Pisco of Secret insory: President Lincoln and tho Virginia Convention of 1871," 1., by Allon B, Magruder; “Old Times in the Missiseippi,” by Mark ‘iwain; * Across the Street,” by TB. Aldmoh; Tha Virginia Campaign of John Brown.” 1Y,, by I. B. sane hom; ‘Lhe Two Angols,” by Jolin G. Wluttier; “Crimo and Antomutism,” by Oliver Wendell Hoimes; Witlism Blake.” by V. 8. Kory; “Our Crusades,” by M. 3, U, Galazy for April (Bholdon & Co,, New York). Contenia: "Dear Lady Disdsin (Chap, VII, VIEL, and IX,), by Jnatin McCarthy: Just Bc- fore ‘Sunrise, by Alfred DB. Stroat; "A Now Country,” by Titus Munson Coan; ‘Tio Sonucts, by Edgar Fawcott: “My Farm at the Fivo-Milo Btono,” by au Old Now Yorker: “A Norseman's Pilgrimage” (Chap, XII. and XYIL), b Hjorth Boyesen: “Pho Evergreen Troi WwW L. Fisge; “alichol Angolo Buonarroti,” by Goorge Lowell Austin; “Crosting from Far Away," by L. 0.3 Lee; A Woman of Vash- fou” (Chap, XVIL., XVIIL, and X1X.), by Mra, Aunio Edwards; ‘Louis I, of Barvaria; or, Komanticism on tho Throne,” by E, Recht; “Tho Ring with Two Lions,” by M. EB, W.S.: “fhe Talo of the FPorost of Ardon," by ltichard Grant White, Lippincatt's Magazine for April (J. 1. Lippin- cott & Co., Phiindolphin). Contents: “ Austra- lian Beenes and Adventures” (concluding por per); “The Golden Eagio and His Jtyrio,” by W, A. Dailliel-Grohman ; ‘Three Feathors” x CX. XL, and XXXII), by 3 Bonnet, by F. A. Hillard; “Nice,” by R. Davoy; The Raskol, and Sects iu Russia,” from the French of Auatolo Leroy- Bouulieu; *floanor's Carsor,"" by Ite. Aniol Prokop; “An Amorican Lady's Occupations Saventy Years Ago,” by Ethel QO. Gal ' March Violet,” by Emma Lazarus: ‘ What Ian Conclave?" by i. Adolphus Trollope ; “ Mon- woor Pacha,” by George H. Boker; ‘How Ham Was Oured." by Jeunio Woodville; On tho Study af Sbokspoare’s. Sonuuots," by Kato Lil- lard, Oldand New for April (Loo & Shopard, Now York), ‘(A Hundred Years Ago;" “Tho Poum~ ble Bromwich ;” "Sir Marmaduko'’a Musings ia 1875 ;" " Tho Class of ‘71," Part Ui, by Mra. J, Q. Smith; © Tho Sand Philosopher," by Louisa Stockton; “A Modol Old Bacholor ;” “Tha Way Wo Live Now," by Anthony Trollopo; * Rebel Prisons,” by William ©. Bates, Tho Weslern for March (St. Loniy), Book Buyer for Masch (Scribner, Armatrong & Co., Now York), = Potter's American Monthly for April (fokn ¥. Potter & Co., Philadelphia), Republic for March (\Waabington, D,0.). - Peterson's Journatof Popular Literature tor Apull (HL. Potoraon & Co., Puiladelphia). Chicayo Magazine for Murch, Chicago feacher for March (John W. Brown), yas World for Marol (8. It, Crocker, Bow nn). verte Bookactlers' Guide for March (Amer- icau Nows Campauy, Now York), Current numbors of Litlell's Living Age (Lit- toll & Gay, Boston), and dppleton'y Journal (D, Applotou & Co,, New York), a THE TWO ANGELS, God called tho nearest angela who dwell with him above ‘Tho tendoreat one was Pity, the dearcat one wes Love, se Arise? So sald, tay angele { a wail of wos anit sin Bloals urna the guios of Jusven, and saddeue wl “My harps take up the mournful strain that from a foat world ewel ‘Tho impale of torment clouds the light and blights the aap “Fly dawnward fo that under world, and on {te souls: of pain ‘Let love drop smiles Uke sunabhino, and Pity teare Mke rain!’ ‘Two faces bowed before the Throne veiled in their woldon hair ys Bour white wings foovened awitily down the dark abyes rs ‘The way was strange, the flight was long; at last the siigels came Where swuug tho lost and nuther world, red-wropped Ju rayloan fame, ‘There Vily, shuddering, wept; but Love, with felth loo atroug for four, ‘Took Beart from God's abulghtinoss and amited asmnila of cheer, And Jo! tbat tear of Pity quenched the fteme whereon At fell, And, with the wnnsbioe of that smile, hope entered into Hull f ‘two buvellod faces fnll of Joy looked upward to the Throne, Four white wlage folded af the fvet of Him who sat thereon} And Gesher than ihe sound of seas, moro soft then Amat the bush of wing snd song the Voloe Eternal spakyt ’ “ eleons, my angels yehave brought s holler joy louven; ” Heneefostts Ite aiveatont wong shall be (he song of sin forgiven é John G. Whiter in Atlantic Monthly for April, ———-— +. . Sam Wilkeson. New York Herald, Sam ison old member of tho ‘Third House at Wasbington, aud he foola everything he ultera, At his imaginativa waud the prosaic Congreny- man saw bovauas clustering around tho forest. truuks,of the North, aud a visible isotbormal ine, covered with roves, cuing through the Jand of the Ojibbeway and of the akota, Autoble | SPARKS OF SCIENCE, $ THE TAPEAYORM, | Light differont apecien of tape-worn (Tonia) veent inthe human bods, but the 7. colium 1s | thet which vecusfons mort trouble to mon, Tt ia introduced into the aystezn by means of measly pork that is caten raw or underdone. It exints iu the etabryonic stato in tho pork; but, as soon as it finds ite way into our own alimonutary canal, the embryo, or Oysticerrus an it is then called, attaches itself to the walls of the intostine, and devolops into the porfect worm, In this condi- tion the parasite consiateof a bead, a narrow neck, ond an indefinire sorica of Joints, or seg- ments, extending to tho length of from 10 to 25 feet, and at the widest part having s breadth of 4gof anineh. The head fs globular, and not longer than s plu-head. Under tha miercacopo tho head is roento lo futniehod with four cir cular eticking-discs, by which it holds fast to the wall of tho intestine; and also with a conical proboscis, armed with two rows of hooks, each row containing from 24 to 23 heolts, The worm ineresnes ith ribbon-Hko Teugth by forming new ecgments et the ond next the once, ‘These reg meuth increavo, in gu urdiuery tndividunl, from 800 to 1,000, At about tho 450th joint tho uexually-tnatnre seemoutes commence, and ong of these eventual, do with eggr, and capablo of ui independont existence, As the contonts of tho nexmonts mature, the joints vever, netting the segments free, and they gre thuu oxpelicd from tho body at tho rato of Irvin six te cight a day. In thls way the tapc- worm fs constantly forming new segments and thromtug off uld ongs, #0 that the whole number it produces cannot Le detormined. [tw nod kuown bow long the parasite may exist in au ine tertinal eanal, but it iy supposed that ultimately it spautancously dotaches its hold on the intes- tine, and its whole length ix oxpolled in tho mane nev os when it is itilled by tho administration of a vermifuge. ‘Tho tape-worm hoy no mouth by which to take in food, but cbiwoun ite nutrinent frow the sur. rounding medium by endonmose, In other words, nourivhing juives pasa through tho ekin over its entire surface, in the fama manner as liquids ate Bh- sorbed hy the microscopic rooia of plant, As tho {ape-worm has uo mouth, 20 it hes no aluneutary canal, Each joint takca in nourish. ment, aut continues its existence quite in- dopencent ef allthy rost. When it separates from thy parent syatem, it possesses life und a thght power of motion, creeping over moist ground, plants, cte, After a tine the skin of the soparoted seyment decays and burate, liberating the egcu it incionad. If vow, by chauce, these cggs are taken into tho stomach of a pig,—-urd they ofteu aro, on grass or with water, cle.,—immodistely upon reaching the digestive canal, the embryos escipe from the eholl, boring thor way through the living tissues of tho wnimal, lodge themuclves in the fatty parts of tho fest, where thoy mwait an up portumty for o further trancformatio: ‘The animal thus infeated becomes ioas!ed. its flesh constituting whatis known as measly pork. It is dangerous eyon to baudto this pork, an the embryos may adhere to the bsnds aud bo transferred to tho mouth, Tbs vitality of the imcasics is destrosed by tho tem. kerature of boiling water. ‘Tho salt used in curing hats and pork is alsa destructive to thom. Sauetgea into witch measly pork has on- tered ara rendered safe by thorough evoking. ‘Thus, if persons can relish this infected ment, orif thoy are so unfortunate as to havo it put by secident on thoir tubles, it is some comfort to Know that, when it ia thoronghiy cooked, the dauger of swallowing living parasites incased in it is compnratively light. ‘There nro instnnecs on record of the eggs of tho tape-worm having gained entrance inte the human ody. In such crvos the sholl of tho eg is diesolved by the gastric juice, ana the embr:os perforate tho stomach snd pase through all ine tervening tixsuas until thoy fiud a suitable lou ing place in the werons cavities, in the deeb, or in buch organs ox tho ver or the brain, ‘The crea- tures aro 8o minuto that they are ablo to accom- plish thotr mugrations in tho body with- out occugioning serious *hatm, Whon first liberstod from tho shull, the om bryo has tho appearance of a racicle, or little Lluddor-like body, furnished with six microscopic hooks. Wheu it has outabhebed iteolf in s satis- factory, Hicallsfe it grows rapidly, attaining at maturity tho wizo of 1 pea, or evon of a kidno;- bean. In this wate it dovolops a head and neck, whilo tho bag-like portion constitutes the caudal extremity, Jt docs not seem to Lave the power of multiplying, during ¢his stage of its oxist- vce, audit must be transforred into tho all- mentary canal of a human being, or of some othe or anima), iu ordor to pass into the adult form, in which it is zocognizail us the tapo-worm, In Lr. Cobbold's, work on the Enfoczoa, s caso is cited of aman afilictod with these mischioyvous psraaites in the ombrsrouic form, Aftor his doath, no Jexs than 2,000 of the cysticorci wero found in hia body, and 121 of them had cetab- lished thomsulves iu the nervous centres. ‘Tho adult tape-worm is gonorally solitary in the human body; hence its name, solinn. “Ine stuncod havo beon known, bLowever, where two or tlirea have been found togethor; and, very rarely, oven thirty or forty have boen oxpell {roms patient. Four of the species of tapu- worm that occur in tho human body have been found in the Barbary ape, Various species are commen tu tho dog, in the shoep, in rate and mico, and in Pisds, particulsely tho water-fowl. They are also found Secanlonalls in horses aud caitlo, and rarely in reptiles. Only tho ombry- onic form appoars to be known in awine, GUM-COPAL, Capt. Elton, Eugliah Conaul at Zanxibar, gives an account of s forcat of gam-copal troca stand. Inga little back from tho coast aud away from the town, ‘Ihe name given to thesa tices by the natives is Ati Sandarusi, but they ara probably m@apocies of Hymenea, of natural crder Segu- qnenas@ (to which the peas and locust-trees be- long). Tho trees are of gigantic nize, on tho avorage meaduring GO feot in helght after tho upper branches wara lopped off; ¢ foct 3 inches in circumferonco st tho base, and 2 foet 10 inchos ut tho lowest branch, 21 feet from the ground. ‘Tho gum fs found in a liquid stato, deposited bo- tween tho bark and tho wood, Wherevor tho trea happens to be injured, thors tho gum col- lecta in considerable quantities. It was also #eon by Capt, klton, in several instances, on the under «ldo of the brauches. In one case, a de- posit waa found at the foot of a treo, whers a decayed branch had fallen, From this it scemadt Probable that, whero tho troos havo fullon to Piccos from old age, largo quantities of the gam may bu fouud buried. Lovts of insects feed upon tha Au Sandarusi. Tn one branch s family of anta had established a Jurga neat bobind a wall of the gum, and wero rapidly oatingdo the hoart of tha wood; white logions of wood-lice had found their way within the bark to the resinous deposit. Capt. Eltou eumo to the concluuiun that the ravages of tlcso swarms of ineects load te the slow but sure do- struction of the troea, — Whou a treo bas fallen, #s fow years sulices to bory it under tho aed vanda which cover the sieuva-colored sub-soil. ‘The slayen accompanying Capt. Elton stated that one could travol two days toward the interior bu- tora jeuving the copal trees; Lut, at the rate at which the cloaring proxrossus, it will not bo loug ero the eutire forout will be cut down. = Gumm-conal trees are found in Mexico, Nrazil, Madagascar, aud India, ‘The revin is said to have been originally brought frou Mexico, SAGO AND TAPIOCA, “What is sago t” was tho question anked the othor day overs pudding made of ita curious, Poorly graunles, round and even as shot. Sago {s the product of various species of palms grow- ing in the {slauds of the Indian Archipelago and slong tho wouthorn coast of Asia; and aluo of pevoral epocies of the Cycads, a troplos) family of plants ovcupyivg a placa in the ordor of vogotation botwoon tho ferus and the palms. It {a a kind of atarch, and is extravted from the pith which filly the interior of the stoma of tho plants producing it. ‘l'o procure the eago, !t is uocoasary to out down the paling and cycas, and divide them into sonveniont hongtha, The pith is thon dug out, chopped Mine, aud washed in clear wator. Iu this proceus the feoula or utarch ja separated from tho pith, and, mingllog with the water, is run off into 8 fresh vosuol, where {tia allowed to settle. ‘he supernatant water then drained away, and tho doposlt is ‘Chia is the ssqo-llollt of com:norco, gront quan. tities of which ara used aw starch in calico and other mauufactorios, When propared for food, tha vago is thrown into the Franuleted form; but by what method this iv dove, is not precisely known to Euro- poanw. ltia supposed that heat is Bniployed in io process, ay the starch is partially trans- formod iuto gum. It will not wholly dissolve in water, a4 does true sturoh, aud therefore is adapted to puddings, and dishes of alike char acter. - “Tapioca, which we sssoclate with aago because thotho artloles are somowhat slike in nature and aroused for similar purposes, js obtained from the roots of the maudioo or cassava (Afanihot uitiqsina), @ plapt bolonging to thas most —aannunuouauauanaauqeunenuwuunaeunnuuqqeee eee _————————————_—_—<£[_[[={={=[=={___——_—_— | poisonous of families, the Huphorbiacea, The meandioe isn native of Tropical America, but has been introdueed into other warm countries. Tho piont 19 bushy, sending BP f ita white ftemy and croozed Lranches to & belgbt of from 6 to 8 feet, or sometinios even highes, ‘Tho leaven aro bright green, large, and deoply fivee parted, and short out noar the oxtromitios of tho branelies. ‘The roctu are like buge yama or po- tatore, and grow in clustera of from three to eight, each from 1 to 2 feet long, and somotimes woighing 59 pounds. ‘The entira plant,—root, tem, and Teat—tontains sn eerid milky Juice that in a virnlent poison, couning death int few intnutos, But the polvon is of a volatile nature, and Is entirely dismionted by heat, ‘Thus the ice, which indeadiy in ite natural conlition, a made, by boiling Or evaporation, Into a nonce orcondimont, that is perfectly wholoome, and 18 rently catenmed a# a f{luvor for varioue dishos, itiss powerful antiseptic, and till koup mest fresh nw long tine, even tun torid climate. Tho Juice is also fermentor with molaeos, pros ducing an intoxicating bove:n ealied ouxeon, To mannfacture taploca, the roots of the man- dice are dug when ripe, waked. and reduced toa pul, and dried on bot metal plates, Tue mandioc cultivated in tho Jest Indies, tha cruj often alternating with sugar, ‘Iho ;lsnte are easily propagated by cuttiugs, and attain ma- tuity in wix months. Thoir yiotd ts rbout aix times that of wheat. In India, tho mandive route are waehed aud grated by machinery, and, after tho fibrous matter and sition are removed, the pulp is poured into tanku of water. Into theso unda men plunge bodily, etirriag up tho solution with their foct. At the ond of this op- eration the tour is eaffored to precipitate to the bottom, the water im crained off, and tho tapioca is subjected to sundry mastings, dried in iron pang, wid trajared for the market. PEARL-OYSTERS. Ko vast ix tho couxainption of poarl-oysters to supply the demand of the manufactories for mother-of-pearl, aud of the Indica for the most delicate of jewels, that the cultivation of the moltuxo {4 extenalyely under way in the Southern Sona. ‘Tha Messager de Taiti, 9 journal pub- hed by the anthotities of the Fronch oceanic acttleinents, contalnu an nccoynt of the method Ly which tho oysters are multiplied in the waters of tho Tuamater Islands, ‘The tox} adyau- togeoun nituation for the oyster-bed is ina mod- orate current aud on & coral foundation, ‘The inolluse will grow plowly on a shinely bottom or ona ground of coarse gravel, whilo it dica tf placed on calcuraous sand. A coral bottom must, therefore, be artificially mado for it, if none al- rondy extets in tho locality seloctod. For thia purpore, bunches of live coral, always fonud along the shores of tho islands, are trausported tu the ogster-bed,—caro emg taken uot to kacp the corais out of water above on hour, as the polyps cannot warvive long in the air. ‘Cho oyster-bed, gonerelly In a crecic, ip paved with the corals, placed not lower than d foot under the surface, ‘Chis done. the space is walled in and divided into compartments for the cunvenienco of separating the oysters according to their ages, and also that thoy may be oneily examined by persous walking along onthe par- titious, Oysters not larger than a saucer sre solected for tho bers, and these ara found in shallow places slong tha coast. They must not be pulled fromthe stons orather material to which they are attached by a faecioulns of fila- menty or halss, callod a byasne, Bronglt to the bed, thoy aro loosely urranged iu rows, with tha byesns turned toward the cutrent. After a twelvemonth the oyster will have grown from tho size of a saucer to that of n plate. Tieyond this it does not ordinarily expand, but con- tinuos to thicken, until, at the end of turee years, its liming of mother-of-penl is fit for the Tarkot. When tho oyater excludes its spawn, tho walls of the incluaure prevent the young. from being carried out tetho ses, ‘The coral branches, which aro go favorable ta the rrowth of tho oyster, do not offer auy obatacie ta the dispsralon of tho spawn, FAMILIAR TALK. BLACKWOOD'S MAGAZINE. In 1816, tasgaziue literature was chiely repre- sented in Bcotland by the Edinburg Rerite, then in tho fourteenth year of ita ago, and by Scola Magazine, which was established in 1739, and was at this time in the hands of Constable. Tho Tory party was at this tue without o Itorary organ in Edinburg, and tho witty and audacious writers of tho Revieto impoxod their Whig projudicos upon the community without opposition. Both in literature and politicu there was an oxcited and embittorod state of fecling, and party lines effectnally dividod mon who on all other sub- jecta were of congenial minds, In December of 1816, Mr. William Ulackwood, a rising bookseller Intely established in Princo's street, agrocd with two litorary men, James Cleghorn aud Thomas Pringle, to publish a magazine, of which they should be the oditors snd joint proprietors. Tho tirat number appoared tho following April, under the title of the Euinburg 3fonthly Magazine. The now publication did not display any especial intollectual ability, while in politics it Moved in an uncertain way between the two war- ring parties, Editors and pablisters soon found it unpleasant and unprofitsble to work togethor, and in tho June number of tho magazine notico was given that tho perlodical would be discon. tinued three months from date. Tho services of soveral oleyer contributors had been engaged for tho mouthir, among whom wore James Hogg, the Ettrick Shepherd, aud Mr. R. P, Gillies, On tho sppearauco of the sixth number, accord. ing to the annowncoment, tho partuership be- tween Mr. iackwood and bis editors was dis. solved aud tho former ousumed the coutrol of tho copyright, = Contrary to expectation, in Octobera fresh number of the magazine waa forthcoming, but it was undera new name, that of Blackivoord's Filinburg Magazine, and in a totally now and cx traordinary stylo. Throo papers in the number wera especially notable, Lins first wan a violent arsault on Cule- nidge’s DBiographia Literaria ; the second wus ® merciless attack nou Loiyh Hunt; und the third was tho famous “Chulleo Manuscript," with which eyory Intolligent reader ls tnere or lesa familar. Groat was the oxcitument aver tho adyout of thin briilisut bat unserupnious periodical, ‘ha Chaideo M8, of itwelf created atremondous (umult. Asa vigorous writer re- marks, " A yollof dospairing/pain arose from one partion of the Wulg party, who, if they had no administrative power iu their hands, had hitherto hold a patontof all tllorary ability.” Alarmed at the commotion arougod, Ar. Blackwood with- drew the ofeusive R18, from the second edition of iho magazine, suppreusad what he could in the first, and in the following number Inserted an spology couched in these terms: ‘Lhe dite or has loarnt with regrot that an article in the fret edition of tho laut number, which was intend- ed incroly ay a jen d'espril, has boon construed vo ea ta givo ofenso to individuals justly culitlod to respoct and regard; ho has, on’ that account, withdrawn it in the seoond edition, aud can only add that, if what has happened contd bayo been auticipated, the article in question certaluly never would havo appearod." But who wero the writers whose genins and daring hod provoked such scrious axitation among tho literary ciroles of Edinburg? Mr. Dackwoow maintalnod a diserect silence when quoutioned on tho subject, and bis contributors had no intention of disclosing thoir identity, Bub at the motropolia of Scotland thore dwelt at thia poriod two young snd bricfess advocates, who were frequently to be ween together, pacing tho Parltamont house, or lounging carelously into Bluckwood's ehop of an aftorucon to examine the newepapers, aud exchange the small coin of chit-chat with each other sud passing acquaint. auces, The one was ® ian of uplendia phy- sique, with’ allapy mane of yallow hair fail- jug around his'ruddy faco, and shading a pair of doep-bluo eyes that shona with mirth aud gay hunior, ‘The othor was a Jounty-looking guntie. man, with a Spanish cast of features, un olive complexion, piercing black eyes, thin lips around arbich tickered @ smile of warcasm, and a cold and hauglity mannor. A greater context ju outward axpect and innate charactor no two mon could present than thoy did, botweon whom thoro existed m mot cordial intimacy. And it was those two apparently careless idlers—John Wilaon, afterward the colobrated Christopher North, and Jobo Gibson Lockhart, the future 4on-tu-law and biographer of Sir Waltor Heott— who were rupldly carrying Blackwood's jMagarine on the points of their strong pens to tho height of a upleudid sucess, In her * Momoir of Ohristopber North," Mra, Cordon, the daughter of Wiluun, states that the Obaldoa Manusenps was composed at her grand. mother’s house, where Wilson reaidad, No. 69 Queen street, ‘amid whouts of laughter that made tho ladies in the room above wond to inquire, in wonder, what the goutlomen bolow were about, . » « .Amiong thous wha were mot together on that memorabla occasion was Bir Willism Hamil. ton, who also exercived hia wit lu writing a verso, aud was 60 amused by his own porformauce that bo tumbled off bis chairina St of Iaugher.” Prof, Forrior, a wou-in-law of Wilson, vaya: “The canvoplion of the Chaldgs MAS.) and the first thirty-soveu vorvey of Chap. 3, aro to besucribed to the Sttrick Shepherd; the ress of tho compoaltion fally to be divid- ed between Prof, Wilsonand Alr. Lookhart, in pro« porttons which cannot now bo dotormined.” This account of the origin of the M18, 18 directly cone tradioted by ‘an old contributor to Blackicood," who wrote a history of Maga for the Bookseller, in 1860, ‘This writer declares, with rogard to Hogg'a shace In tho 318., that there Ia no foun dation for bigclaim to the donception of the work, "The hara was started by Wilson at one of those symposia which preceded, and perhaps stiggented. the Nocirs, The idea was caught up with avidity by Hogg, and somo half-dozen Vorses woro suggested by him on the onsuing day ; but wa are, we bolicva, correct in afirming that no part of his ebouche appeared in thio origi ual or any other draft of tho article.” Mr. Blackwood wan himself sola editor of tho magazino, although it was a Jong time gupposed that Kit: North stood at tha lel. ‘From an early parlod of ita progrors,” writed Lockhart, “it ongrossed a very large share of hia (Biackwood's) tima; and, though ho senrcely over wrote for its pages himeclf (threo articles, wo believo, ho did contribute),- the goneral managemont and arragomont of tt, with the yory extengivo literary correspondence which this involved, and the constant auperin« tendence of the press, would have beon more than onough to occupy entirely any man but ono of his first-rate energies,” Tho first number of Dlackwood appoared in London under the patronage of John Murray, whose hnprint waa pon it, but tho Chaldea MS, alarmed tho discreet booksollor, aud he withdraw his Prnrection from the hot-brained, high-spirited fotelgner, Three successive Lon don agents undertook to manago the circulation of Maga in London, bot, with the sixth number, Murray again axdumiod control of it, It was tuo erratio aud reckless for his to chaperone it, however, and at. tho eevon- teenth nuinber he divcardcd it entirely, and tho agency was given to Cadell and Davios, who found {t 40 profitable that they gava it almous thelr wholo attention, Cadell was ncarcoly loss nervous ovor tho frisky periodical than Murra had been, and to protect himself from tho wreth of victims who, assaulted in its pagos, rahod. into hin slop for vengeance, ho kept on bind tho stereotyped defenss: “I know nothing of the contents of tho mazazino; 1am merely the estrlor of &cortain portion of its circulation te Luglisb rondors.” Aloanwhile, the dashing and fearless contribu. tors to Maga continued to cut and vlash friend and fos alike tu their brilliant abd witty papers, Bearcoly a number omitted an attack upon somobody, and the blows woro administered by wkillful oud powerful Lends. Sometimes eubstantial blows wero gtvon back by the writhing victims: yet theo availed very litte in tho way of redrees, Early in 1814, » Mr, Douglas, of Glasgow, was so couraged at an un- Mattering mention of hia namo by Haga, that ho went down to Ediuburg to castigate the edi- tor. As Mr. Blackwood entered the shop one day, Br, vouglas followed hita, and suddenly apphed the rawhide to his shoulders aud then quickly withdrew, Hr, Blackwood instantly pro- cured a stick, and, searching out Me. Dougins, foll foul of him sa ho was ontoring a ci Cy and gave him in turn n sound boasting. fltga lad now a largo corps of clover com tributors, including William Maginn, a rollick- ing young Irishman, sporting at four aad twene ty tho tithe ef Doctor of Laws; Sir Wilicm Hamilton; his brother, Thomas Wa:multon, author of “Cyril Thornton;* Bir David Browster; and” Fraser ‘Tytle: In 1820, John _ Balt — began with Tho Ayr shiro Logatces,” tho extended seriew of popular talos and sketches furnished by him to the magazine. Inthe March oumber of 1822, Kit North published the firat of the Nocies Am- brosiana,—a work that attracted admiring roode ers to Maga, and gave the author a lasting reputation, For thirteon yoare these papes illuminated the pages of Dleckwood with their humor, eloquence, ond poetry, It woo in 1824 that tho geniua ‘of Carlya received its first tribute in Blackwood's ¢ und in the same year Dr, Moir furnished for Maya bis most famous production, the * Auto. biography of Mansio Wanch,” This last writor was & young: surgeon of ouly 19, whon bis arte cles in the of Mr. Blackwood, who induced him to continue his pleasant piccea for Maya. is pseudoe nym was ‘' Delta," and hin work gained for the nom de plume extonded favar. Lockhart had from the beginning plicd he pen diligently in tho worvice of Blacktoood's, but, In 1825, no acceptad the aditorsulp of the Quare terly Hecutr, and the Edinburg periodical Joat ‘one of ita strongest writera. Soon after this, Mr. Maginn also departed southward, and thus the two satirical spirits who bad done moat ta tnake Wage a terror were no more to be feared in ite ~ pages, The — bitterly personal, fono that had heretofore — distinguished the magazine was now dropped, and it sottled into ataid and peacosble habits, De Quincey frat presented one of his maryolons dixcourees to tha readers of Muga in 1826; while in 1630, tho publication of Warren's “ Diary of » Late Physicinn” wag beguo, ‘This most suo- cosefil fiction had gone begging among the London publishers before it mado ap- plication to Llacktcood's, It had, saye ite author, “been offored successively to tha conductors of threo leading mayaxines in London, and rejected as ‘unsuitable for their pogos,’ aod ‘not likely to iutorest the public.’” Blackwood rogarded his mayazino with the af- fection that a fathor fools for his child, and auro- ly thero was good reason for his looking upon it with fonduosa aod pridy. He waa generous and. prompt in his relutlona with its contributors, acknowledging their commuuicationa with won- derlul alacrity. ‘Yo quote again from the “Old Coutributor,” “Along with tho mail-cosch copy of tho magazino, or by an carly post after ite publication, camo a loiter to each contributor, full of shrovd hints for his future guidance, aud often, not meroly huggosting the subject for future papor, but indicating with delicate heal tion the mode in which ho fancled it might discussed with the boat advantage. Tho ‘pad- ay wns invarinbly associntod with tho praiso, At the head or foot of the welcome musive was acheque for your article, the amount of which was not carved and patted tiken pound of butter, into oxnct weight, but measured by no peuuri~ ous hand.” At tho same time that Warren's Diary was being pabluateds “Tom Criugle'a Log," by Michuol Scott, and “Sir Frizzle Pumpkins! Nights ot a Mesa," by the Rev, Af, White, were being carried along in Afaya. In 1892, Wileon reviowed the first volume of ‘’onuyson'a pooms, aud ragpod the festings of the young post by the ridicule with which he tronted tho affects tlous that distignred ‘ounyson's maiden verno. Tounysou expended Ia anger in somo lines to * Rusty, Crusty Chrietopber,” which hin later good sense has led him to suppress, ‘Two youts after this, the oditor of Afuga wus etricken with a mortal illuess, and the management of the publication, togathor with Mr, BDlackwood’s oxtonaive book-trade, dayolyed upon his gona, Robert and Aloxandor. Within a year or so from this eyont, Wilson coased his ‘connection with tho magazine, bat lis place In its pryes was eventually illed by bis won-ln-law, Lrof. foun, ‘On thedeath of Alexander Blackwood in 1845, sud of his brotuer Robert, which followed soon after, Jlackeood’s fell into the Lauda of the third gon, Jol, who atill rotaina the «harge of it, Biuco the deceano of the older Blackwood, Douglay Jorrold, Jolin Sterling, Walter Kayaga Landor, and LordjLytton, have Qheen reckoned auiong tts wtall, Tt was in 1848 that tho firvé ine utalluiont of the " Caxtons " appeared in Maga, to be followed by navel after novel from thosamo pen. Among womon writers, Mre. Oliphant and: Geargo Eliot may ba mentioned as two who wou their fret recognition from the public through the eucouragomont of Mr, John Blackwood, P. B.—In un article of last Saturday, entitled ‘* Dritish Magazines,” the dates 1731, which the Genleman's Mayasina was founded, aud 1780, at which tho Vurlismentary debates were firut' published therelu, wero made, by & typGe graphical blundor, to read 1701 and 1196, - a THE GENERAL CHORUS, ‘We all keen atop to the marching ehorne Ising frvta talllona of men around, Millions havo marched to the sane before wy ‘Milllons come au with » soul, LAfe, Death Life, Death f Back t# the wong of human breath, ‘What fs this muliitudinous eho: Wild, wouvtonous, low, aud loud? Farth wa treed on, hoaven that's o'vr na 1 lu tho widvt of the moviug crowd 2 Lie, Deuth? Life, Death t What fu this burden of human breath, ‘On with the rest, your footsteps tiuning f Alyutical music Howe la the song; (let with it 1—Yorn trom it?) suftily chiming, ‘enderty soothing, tt bears you along, Life, Death (Life, Death Btrenge is he chuut of human breath! —Fraser’s Magastic. tia ———__-__—_. A Suguiar Occurrence, helfor tos! r. Sedate four weeks ago wi tone ina rally nose the Stace Line Railroad, last wook, neatly atarved to death, with the end of rope arouud ber horus frozen in s brook, polas lug her down, Shs was reduced to skin snd bones, aud wocrazod that abo could nat be a) Pproachod with pre By lassoing her on bide abe was foally draw op the 0: and, efter drinking some warm water, was lod to the atable, and is doing well, How tho crcature had survired durlog tho weeks of tarriblo with no food excopt what little she got by brows. fing ou brush, aud nothing sfter sho. wag impriye oued by the ico, wage marvel, =~ Edinburg Monthly attracted the notiog .