Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, January 27, 1875, Page 4

* 87,257.65, THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: WEDNESDAY, JANUARY 27, 1875. RR eT Btate Legislature could not exercine; yet | ago nnd stability of the Intter, ought certain. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. BATRA OF AUIRCRIPTION (PATATEF IH ADVANCE), Portage Prepatd at thin OMlce. 8133.00 [Sunda EGU TL Weokly oe Tarty of a yoar at the same rete, ‘Vo preven’ dolay anid mistakes, Ve eure and givo Post Oftice eddrern in fall, Inelidlin* State ond County. Rett toncaemas bnimade citherby draft, express, Post Ofece order, of in regintored letters, at our risk. TERMS TO CITY BLTECKINENS, Daily, delivered, Sunday excepted, 24 conta per week Delly, delivered, Sunday facluded, ceontiper week Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madizon and Dearborn ‘nicagoy Mt, SOCIETY MEETING. ARN! alar e dA. BTA. naailay aren oF. O, Do. By order of RTH, Soc, GRAND, OPRRA-Tot Roseman, Honea. | Kelly Mint son Beart," Afternoon ang eroning. HOOLEY'S THPATIN—| end atrent, Olark and Lasalle, * Magnoll between ‘Aftornoon and soning. . CHICAGO MUSKUM—Montns atreat, hatweon Dear- born and State, '* Uncle Tumn's Cabin.” MYICKIM'S THEATRE—Madieon sterot, between earharn and State. Kngagemont of the ‘Strakosch Opora-Troupo. ** La Sonnambuis,” ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halntod etrent. between Mad. fan aod Moqroe, Engagement of MO aos Nootl;, sragon, * Lady of Lyons." Uroniny * ADELPHI THEATRE —Denrhorn street, enener Mon- FoR catealneaants ethan Pield of the Cloth oF Gold.” “Aternvon aud evening. INDEX TO ADVERTISEMENTS. PAGE—City, Suburban, and Country Real Fe: tata Wate “Ta Boats, Dustuces "Chaucess iorses ant Cartianas, Loos end found, To Exchange, Alusical, Fluancials ote 010. HERTIL PAGHE<Medical Car SEVEMBIE PAOK— Amuremen: i: bio, Bleek Pons, fiew Publications, wte., wc. The Chicago Ceibune. ‘Wednesday Morning, January 27, 1875. Mr. Warp confesses himself beaten, and yiolds tho olection of last fallto Mr. Han. ‘BISON, — Aeketch of tho young Emperor of Chinn, whose death is reported this morning, will bo found in the colinnn of foreign nows. The Judges of Cook County have nominat- ed for appointment as Justices of the Peace somo men who are conspicuously unfit for tho position, The presumption is, of course, that political considerations controlled tho selections in a great degree, Tho supremacy of the People’s Party was fully recognized by the Judges. Mr. Mrxe MoDonaup must own a great part of Chicago, Ho is on the bail-bond of every distinguished rapscallion now under indictment ; and still he had property enongh at his disposal to secure his own acquittal from the charge of keeping a gambling estab- lishment. Probably not ono of tho notorious gamblers now on trial will be convicted— thanks to McDonatp and his influence, Gen, Axpnosr E. Bunxarpr, who was yes- torday elected Senator from Rhode Island, is quite worthy of the honor bestowed upon him. He will take a place in tho Senato much higher than Mr, Spnacur ever aspired to. Bunnsrpz’s War record need not bo left out of the account in on estimate of his abili- tioa ; yet, evonif itis, his reputation for ‘business capacity and strict intogrity is suf- ficiont to justify his elevation to tho Sonate. ‘Two mombcrs of tho Minnesota Legisla- turostated publicly yesterdaythat theyhad been offered bribes to volo for tho re-election of Senator Ramsey. In ono caso 9500 was distinctly promised by Maj. Drie, of Fari- bault, andin tho other Mr. Rastsey him- self suggested some rownrd for the sorvico ha desired, though whether it was to be in money or office docs not appear on the rec- ord, Ramser'’s chances of success are acarco- ly worth talking about. Ho is as gaod as de- fented already. —_—_—_——— In tho dispatches this morning will be found on interesting report of a conferonco in Springfield last night botween the Cook County delegation in the Legislature and loading members of the Citizens’ Association of Chicago, Tho legislation desired by the citizens was axplaincd by Mr. MacVzaou, Nr, Tunry, Mr, Lanxen, Mr. Mestre, Judge Caron, and others; and the general impres- sion soemed to be quito favorable to the adoption of some of the measnres suggested. Thera is a good deal of mourning among iho Republicans of Michigan over the retire. ment of Senator Cuaxpuen from public life ; for he has, on the whole, deserved well of the people, and it is a hard thing for him to be dismissed, however kindly, from tho hon- orsble and responsible position which he has held now for ajghteon yonrs, The force of the ronction in favor of Caanpien wili, how- ovor, soon be spent, and the general fooling at last will bo, we think, that the change was not made too soon, Judge Cunierranoy, tho now Senator, is by all accounts a good man, and quite able to fill with credit the sent which Mr, Cnanpixn will leave vacant, Separate ballots for United States Senator wero takon yosterday by each Houso of tho ‘Wisconsin Legislature, and the result was not st all of o nature to encourage Mr, Can- renter and his frionds, ‘Tho whole number of votes cast in both Honsos was 132 ; necea- sary to achoico, G7. Canrenrer received 59 votes, Four votes must be changed in order toelecthim. Wedo not seo how he can possibly gain another vote, Tho Repubtic. ans who voted against him can only justify thelr rebellion against caucus-rule by electing a better man; that they are quite determined not to elect Canrenter is ovident from their Proposition last night, to voto for any other sandidate his supporters may nominate, The Chicago produce markets were with- out special interest yesterday, Mess pork was active and 60 per bri lower, closing at $17.00 cash, and $18.20 seller March. Lard was quiet and 100 per 100 tbs lower, closing ot $13.20 cash, and $18,421-2 for March, Menta wore in good demand, and a shade easier, at 6 140 forshoulders, 9 1-4c for short ribt, and 0 5-80 for short clears, Dressed hogs were modorately active ond firmer, closing at Highwines were {n fair demand and steady at 940 per gallon, Flour was quiet and unchanged. Wheat was moderate- Ty active and ateady, closing at 88 1-40 cash, ond 89 6-80 for March. Oorn waa dul} and 1.20 lowor, closing at G40 cash, and 71 1-20 for Moy. Oats wore iu better domond and 14o higher, closing of 631-40 cash, and 52 8-4e fpr March. Ityo was dull nnd exsior #05 1-2@6d0, Barloy was dull, aud 1-2@1¢ lower, cloalng at 91.22 1-2 cash, and $1.25 for Fobruary, On Saturday evening last there wos fu store in thiv clty 8,074,950 bn wheat, 1,660,03} bu corn, 610,042 bu oats, 17,061 bu rye, and 292,043 bu barley, Hogy opennd active and higher, but clowed dull aud 1 heavy at Monday's prices, Sales at $6.00@ 7.25, Cattle wera dull and easy, Sheep were in good demand and stendy. Theelection of Axprew Jo: tothe Unit. ed States Sonate by the Legisinturs of Ten- nesseo ought not to bo unwelcome to Repub- licans at the North. Since it-was a foregone conclusion that’s Democrat shonld be chosen, there were many reasons for wishing suecess toJonxsos, Of all the candidates before tho Legislature, ho was the ouly pro. nounced Union man, He has always de- nied the right of secession, and combated tho pernicious theory of State Sovereienty; and when an open fssue fs forced botween the Demoernts and Republicans on tho funda- mental ideas of the two parties, he will be found doing good work for the Nationalist party. ‘The election of any other ono of tho eandidates would have been a great misfor- tune; all of them, with the exception of Jouxsoy, sympathized with the Confederate cause, and this was the chief claim to dis- tinction that his most prominent rivals possessed. Mr. Porrrn offered in the Lower House of Congress yesterday a resolution for the sub- mission to the State Legislatures of an amendment to the National Constitution providing that the President shall hold eftice for six years and bo ineligible to re-election. A strong debate followed, E. R. Hoan, Exuts II, Ronents, and Bexsamrn F, Butten being tho prominent speakers, The reports very likely do Messrs, Hoan and Rutan injustice ; the Jatter gentleman appears as speaking on both sides of the question ; but it appears even in the abstract sent by telegraph that Mr. Ron- Ents’ speech was thoroughly sound and states- manlike. He believes that the great source of demorelization in American poli- ties is the tomptation continnally offered to the Chief Executive to use his power asa menns of prolonging his tenure of oflice, We agree ontircly with Mr, Rosents, One term of six years is much hotter than two of four; and infinitely better than three terms, however long or short. The resolution for the submission of the amendment was defented by a vote of 134 to 104—not two-thirds, Forty Republicans voted in the affirmative. LEGISLATION AS A SOVEREIGN POWER. A well-informed correspondent, who has carefully read tho discussion in this paper of the question of “State Sovereignty,” calls our attention to a point which he thinks has been overlooked. The point itself is thus stated : It is conceded by all American juristathnt the gen« eral power of tegistation, subject to a epecial delega- tion of cortain powers to Congress, resides in the State Legislatures reapectively ; and hence, aa the legiela- tive power ia the test of aoveroignty, tho sovereignty ta in the States, This proposition is insubstantial when tested by the Constitution and the history and practical operation of the Government. ‘This is a repnblican Government, It ombra ces peoplo having varied tastes, habits, and do- mestic systems ; people living in all the va- ried climes from the frigid line at the north to the Rio Grande nt the south ; a people en- gaged in every branch of industry, from tho manufacture of ico to the cultivation of sugar; the mining of gold, silver, coal, iron, lead, and copper; the growth of cotton and wool, lumber and tobacco, and the whole range of agricultural products; a people 50 divided in their religious belicf that they are classed under every denomination of beliovers and unbeliovers ; and a people having tradi- tions going back to and interwoven with the history of every nation in Europe, These people, gathered here from all sources, and having such varied interests, form the politi- eal body known as the American nation, and framed tho very best possible form of government. They, aaa whole, established & National Government, one ropresenting the sovercignty of the American people, For tho better control and direction of that Govern- ment, q Constitution was adopted in which wero recorded the limits within which the various branches of that Government should exercise their respective duties, but giving to that Government overy power essential to the maintenanco of the national authority. That Government las no constituency less than the whole American people. ‘Taking the map, the territory was divided into districts, tho originals of which were formed by the colonial settlers, and conse- quently bounded and separated by natural lines, rivers, mountains, and otherwise. ‘Theso districts were styled States; to each of theso States, whose number is now increased to thirty-soven, werofreserved within their respective territorial limits the powers and duties of local Government. “Tho Govern. ment of cach of these States is modeled aftor that of the National Government, and has an Executivo, Logislative, and Judicial branch, and, while the powers of this Govornment, which are purely local, may be exclusive, itis fo misuse of terms to call them “sovereign.” ‘Thoy aro free of all supervision or interfer. ence by any other State; but tho powers os well as all the acts of thoso Stato Governments are subordinato to the suporior authority of tho Natlonal Govornment, ‘The National Government is required by the Con- stitution to guarantce toevery State a govern- ment republican in form, and to protect that Government against invasion and domestic violence. Ono of the functions of the Na- tional Government is to protect the Stato or local Governments in the exercise of thelr powers and duties, ‘The National Govern. ment has as ita constitnoncy the wholo Amorican people; tho Stato Governmonts havo ag their constituencios respectively the portions of the people resident within thoir territorial limits, Tho Stnto Government of Ohio ia exclusive within tho Btate of Ohio os respects its anbordinate func. tions as o local Government, ‘Tho Na- tional Government is as auprome in Ohio as it {a in the whole country at large in all that pertuins to the national existenca and welfare, Tho State of Illinois, for the better con- venience and conductof tholocalaffairs of the people, isdividedinto 102 counticsand 50 cities, each of which has a local Government which exercises logislative powers of the highest character, as, for instance, the levy and col- lection of taxes,—involving the taking and even sale of private property, In the oxer- eigo of those functions theso County ond City Governments exercise powers which tho Legislaturo of tho State cannot exorciga; their powora aro oxclusive within their terri. torial limits ; yot it would bo obsurd in the extreme to say that the City of Chicago, or City of Peoria, or Kendall or Kane County, was sovereign heoause its local Government exerolsed logislative powbrs, which is a "teat of soveralgnty.” Tho Legislature of the City of Chicago levioa and collects more taxes, ex- pends more money, owes a much greator dvbt, employs more officers, and enacts mote laws affecting the government of the people in this olty than doos the State of Hlinois oat. ing for tho whole State, It axerolaos powers for th: goverament of this olty which the even tho wildest Stato Sovereignty Bourbon ins not yet claimed that Chicago possesses sovercignty, The exercise of legislative power is one of the functions of sovereignty ; but all legisla. tion ix not of a sovereign character, In this conutry legislation is incidental to overy known political corporation ; it is one of the funetions of every ‘town meeting,” Board of Selectmen, Board of Supervisora, Board of County Commissioners, Common Conncil, Roard of Aldermen, School Committees, and Boards uf Education, as well as by Stato Legislaturos and by Congress, To assumo that ait ‘legislative power is the test of sov- ereignty” isto assumo thot sovereignty in this country is so very wide-spread as to bo universal in political corporations, Legisln- tive power, to bo a tent of sovereignty, must be something more than mero local onnct. ments, It must be the legislation of a Na- tionat Government, a Government known to aud recognized by the world as the Govern. ment of n people, having s national organiza- tion, and claiming to be a nation, Any legislation by any other political body, which, however exclusive it may be, is the legislation of a subordinate or inferior authority, and, not being legislation of corporation having recognized national oxistence, is not evi- dence of sovereignty. Congress exercises the legislative authority of the people of the United States, and in the exercise of that authority it is exclusive and supremo, and, therofore, the act of a Governmont possessing sovereign powers, No other body in the United States can legislate for the whole American people, and, therefore, no other Government can ba rightfully cnlled sover- ign, and herein is vindicated tho principle that “the legislative power is tho test of sovereignty.” BAY STATE TAXATION, Massachusetts is plonsed with the fact that her property valuation is greater by $68,000,- 000 than it was last year, ‘Chis ynin, during twelvo months of business depression, is cer- tainly a healthful sign. On the other hand, while the increaso in valuation is only 3,81 per cent, the town and city taxation hag in- erensud 14.10 percent, Evidently, Eastern municipalities have the samo fatal facility for spending money from which we suffer in the West. Thero are startling differences in the rate of town taxation. Nahant exacts only &5 on the $1,000, whilo Monroe, in Franklin County, wrings $41 out of avery $1,000. Monroo is two-and-n-quarter times as badly off as Chicago, One peculiar feature of Bay State taxation is the levying of o poll-tax, The Conatitus tion of Ulinois probably forbids any such levy, although the wording is open to doubt. The Massachusetts towns raiso a good sharo of their revenue in this way. There ara 414,800 taxablo polla in the State. Ench voter pays a poll-tax of from $2 to 24. His right to vote depends upon his doing po, ‘Tho deconnial consus shows that each poll in Massachusetts represents about five persons. Tho annual poll-tax furnishes, then, tho necessary data for finding out the number of personstoahouse, The average is now eight, but tho figures increaso yearly. Population grows more rapidly than houses are built. Tho chango is noticeable, aven in the agri- cultural districts, and, of courgo, mors so in the manufacturing counties. In Suffolk County, which contains Boston, thero is only one houso to every eleven persons. It may be safely said that*the worst disgrace to American civilization is the tenoment-housos of the Hub of that civilization, Whoover wishes can rend of their unuttorable horrors in E. E. Hatz’s or Miss Stuart Paetrs' good grammar and in tho frightfully-bad grammar of tho reports of the Massachusetts Bureau of Labor Statistics, The policy of levying a poll-tax is doubt. ful, Aman should pny taxes in proportion to what ho owns or what he consumes, It is a doparture from this principle to tax any- body for morely existing. It is probablo, morcover, that Massachusetts has more Rep- resentatives in Congress than she hag any right to have, os long as sho denics the suf- frage to any porsons, otherwise qualificd, who do not pay o poll-taxr, The second section of the Fourteenth Amendment ex- pressly provides that ‘when the right to vote . . is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State being 21 years of ago and citi. zens of tho United States or in any way abridged, excopt for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reducad in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to tho whole number of malo citizens 21 yonrs of ago in such State.” Tho Massachu- setts tax-qualification for tho franchise donies the right to vote to a number of persons oth- wise quulified by onr laws for tho cxercisa of that right. Should not her Congressional delegation bo proportionately reducod? OUR SAVINGS BANKS AGAIN, Tho Banking bill introduced into the Ili- noia House of Representatives by Mr. Cut- tox is a step in the right direction, It is all tight as far a it goes, but it weema to lack one essential provision, It requires a quar. terly roport from every bank organized un- der the laws of tho State, to be mado under oath to the Auditor, showing the exact con- dition of tho bank by items, Of courso this should be done, but it should also ba provided that such quarterly report be pub- lished in at least one of tho local nowspapors of the city or town in which the bank is situated, It should be further provided that the Auditor may order and mako a rpecial examination into ony of theso Uanking inatitutione at any time ho may deom it nocesgary, This would ba ma- torlally the samo safeguard now provided for tho control of the insurance companies of tho State, and also sinilar to the right roserved to tho United States Comptroifer of the Cur- renoy with reference to the National Banka, Withoutsuch privilego of special examination, it will bo impossible to determine with accu. racy the character of the assets and rosources as ropresonted in tho quarterly statements. A very full oxhibit of the business and con. dition of the savings banks of tho little State of Rhode Island, recently published, brings forcibly to mind the comparatively impovor- ished business of the sama institutions in Ili. nola, ‘Tho contrast between tha Rhodo Tuland savings banks aud those of Cook County is very striking. The population of Rhode Island is, say, one-half that of Cook County; and, while the popu. lation of the former ia largoly mado of oporn- tives in factories, who aro natural patrons of the savings banks, the Olty:of Ohicago sup. plies clerks, bookksepors, salaried men of vorfous descriptions, skiliad meohanica, arti gang, ote, who shonld certainly offset the employes of the Rhode Ysland manufacturers as to numbor and the amonnt of their savings, In other words, Cook County, with double the population of Rhode Island, and after making dus allowanes for the greater ly to have an equal amount of sovings de- posits. Instead of this, wo find that Rhode Island has thirty-soven savings banks, whilo Cook County has but sixteen, and nearly $50,000,000 of deposits, while Cook County has not $10,000,000, In other words, Rhodo Island, with iialf tho population, has twico as many savings banks as Cook County, tith dive times the amount of deposits, The reason of this marked difference must be found mainly in the difference between tha laws of Rhode Island and those of li- nois, In the formerState the community fecls assured of protection against loss; in Illinois theroisno protection afforded by law, nndhenco less genoral confidence feltin the savings inati- tutions, Asan instance of this, it may be noted that the savings deposits in Rhodo Island have increased $2,154,318 within the Inst year,—tho year after the pnnic, when the manufacturers have beon sufferors to a greater extent than any other business, On the other hand, the savings deposits of Cook County, which ore now less than $10,000,000, wero over $12,000,000 two years ago. It is impossible to make any comparisons between themanner in which the Rhode Island savings banks aro conducted and tho managoment of our savings banks, since the latter aro pov- erucd by no statutory rules or regulations, Ono item, however, may be stated approsi- mately, and it is important, In Rhode Isl- ond it appears that about three-fifths of the deposits are invested in realestate mortgages, whilo less than one-third of the Cook County savings deposits ave invested in this safo manner. ‘Theso discrepancies will slways appear so long as thoro is no adequate legal protection for depositors in Ilinois savings banks. In Rhodo Island tho foilure of the Srnaave banks—the Cranston and Franklin will not involye any losa to depositors, whereas the failure of the Franklin Bank in this city has cost the depositors nearly every dollar they put into it, We have made this comparison for the pur- pose of impressing upon the Illinois Legisla- turo tho importance of immefiately carrying out the spirit of the Constitution with regard to savings bauks, Mr. Cotzom’s bill is a good starting point ; and, now that it is in- troduced, it may bo improved till it isin a eat. isfactory shape, It is said that legislation on this subject will be opposed by some Chicago men, who prefer to have a practical monop- oly of the savings banking business on ac- count of their personal reputation, which alone attracts business under the present sys- tem. Itis better for the people, howaver, that the business should be moro widely dis. tributed, and that they should have some- thing more than “ personal reputation” to rely upon in time of financial distress, No opposition should be permitted to defeat tho passage of tho law whenever it is modeled upon the best laws of the other States, A BLUNDER AVERTED, If the caucus proposition {o ropeal the two- thirds rule and prohibit the Speaker from recugnizing dilatory motions had carried on Tuesday in Congress, it would have opened Pandora's box from which would have issucd mischiof boyond present conception, Every true Republican in the country, therefore, owes a dobt of gratitude to the party mon who voted against the motion,—Burrmtoy, of Bassachusetts; Bonoranp, of Iinois; Bur- Leton, of Maine; Darran, of Louisiana; Foster, of Ohio; Hatz, of Maine; Kasson, of Iowa; Lownpnzs, of Marylaud; Mennzast, of New York; Pnenra, of Now Jorsey; Pierce, of Mnssachusetts; E, H. Ronents, of New York; J, Auten Ssutu, of Virginio; Joun Q. Suirn, of Ohio; and Wruzanv, of Vermont, So far from characterizing their vote on this mensuro as an indication of o now-party movoment on their part, thoy are entitled to the credit of having saved the Ro- publican party not only from a grievous wrong, but from a policy that might havo been fatal to its existence, We say that the proposition was wrong in itself, and for these reasons: It was an effort to silence the minority, and entirely remove what oxperienco hna taught to be 9 healthful and necessary chock upon rash legislation, Had tho new rule been adopted, it would hava opened the way for tho onsy passage of all the corrupt and desperate jobs now beforo Congress. The vory hend and front of the new movement was Mr, Cessna, of Pennsyl. vania, whois a standing advocate of the Cuonrexninc claim, Hnd his proposed rulo been adopted, thero is little doubt but he would spring this rotten old claim upon Con- gress during its closing hours. Other mens- ‘ures, equally corrupt, would have then had o fair show in Congress, Tho old Choctaw claim, giving awny nearly $8,000,000 when it ig doubtfal whether a single dollar should be appropriated, would probably have gono through, especially as itis caid that $1,800,000 lobby-monoy has been pledgod in cago the claim js allowed this session, Mr. ‘Toxt Bcorr could then have carried through is enormous aubsidy with a hurrah, and the country would thereby have beon loaded down with a job ton times worse than Pacific Mail, which has now become so infamous, The hugo party blunder of approprinting for tho army for two yoars to come would also have been feasible under the proposed change. ‘These aro tho more notable jobs whose pass- age whould bo renderod ensy hy a change of the rules; but, in addition to theso, amnss of private ‘ steals” would have been facilitated, and tho outgoing Republican Congress would probably have left tho party a record which would have led inevitably to its dofeat in 1876. ‘Tha proposition was not only vicious in itself, but it was utterly disastrous as a matter of party policy, Tho majority of Ropublic- ansin the present Congress seem to ignore the fact that their successors will ba Demo- erate. ‘hoy havo become so accustomed to ono Republican Congress boing succeeded by another Republican Congress that they fail tocomprehend the present situation; Thoy must open their oyes to the fact that tho Democratic House majority in the Forty- fourth Congross will be wlmost as largo as the Republican majority is in the prea- ent House, If the present Republican ma- jority had establiched tho preecdont which the caucus proposed, the succcoding Democratic majority would undoubtedly havo followed their oxample; and tho very impunity which somo of the Republicana now desire would have then been in Domo. cratio hands, The Republican minority would have been shut off next sossion as the Demoeratio minority would have been this session, ‘The proposition to make the army appropriations fortwo years {a elmilarly os short-sighted ay @ matter of party polioy, ‘Thore is no warrant in past logislation for doing it, If it haa boon suggested by the toar that the Demoorats will make no army appropriations next year, thia should rather ‘bo a party reason for not covering two years, Lot the Demoorats out off appropriations, if thoy weo At, and abide by tho conseqnencos, Glye them all thu vops thoy want, and let thom bo hold strictly responsible for all thoir own legislation aud attempted legislation. The foolish policy suggested in the House, which proposed to silence the minority and to mako ariny appropriations to cover the whole period of tho next Congross, is evi. dently the work of a largo number of Repub. lican members who may now bo said to ho without a constituency, Having compass- ed their own defent by ralary-grabbing, Credit Mobilicr and Pacific Mnil legislation, and other schomes of ill-odor, they are reckless enough and unscrupulous onongh to court dofent for tho Republican party in 1876 in order to enable them to make a final grab on tho ‘Treasury before they depart hence. Wo sincerely hiopo that there is patriotism enough on the Republican side of Congress to pre- vent this desperate, suicidal policy. Tho present Congrosa must rotiro with clean hands and an unblemished record; and, if it does, wo have atifilcient confidenco in Bourbon stn. pidity, greed, and bull-headednoss, to assure the roturn of tho country to the Republican party ot the next Presidential election, THE SEWING-MACHINE MONOPOLY. It isa matter for profound congratulation that at last the huge sewing-machine monop- oly has been brokon by tho action of the Senate Committea on Patonts, who lave agreed to report advorsely on tho ‘applica- tion of A. B, Wrtson for an extension of the patont of the “four-motion feed” for sewing- machines. Out of this patent, the combina- tion of the Wierren & Witson, Wincor & Gtons, Stxoen, and Ilowz Companies has renl- ized millions of dollars, taken from the pock- ets of tho working-women, and by its owner- ship has been able to defy all competition for iwenty-three years, the patent having been issued in 1852, ‘The charactor of this mo- nopoly is shown by the following extract from our dispatches: It lain evidenco that the cost of the average sow- ing machine {a but $12, and that small manufacturors are required to pay to the sowing-machino combina ton as matich as $40 profit on oach machine manufac- tured, It is also a curious fact that Witeennn & Wite BON sewing-machines can be purchased tn Europe and brought to thia country for just one-half of the price they cost here, including all costa of freight, duty, otc., the reason being that they havo no protection there, any ous being allowed to make them. ‘These facts are sufficient to show that this monopoly has been a most sweeping, grasping, and unrighteous one, It has levied ita enor- mous tolla principally upon the pockets of the poor working-women. The sowing- machine has grown to bo a necessity of life, fn indispensable article in ovory household, and it is for this reason, notwithstanding the slight cost of its manufacture, that this huge monopoly has been enabled to gather in un- told millions of money for the bonefit of the ownors of the patent. The breaking down of this monopoly primarily grows out of the fact that there is a very general feeling of hostility in the country to the extension of valunble patents by acts of Congress or of the Patent Com- missioners, ‘This hostility has beon specially manifested atmong the farmers, who, as o lass, are more distressed than any other by these monopolies held by rings of specula- tors, and this fact is ono of the most benof- icent results of Grangerism, Those pnt- ents which have no money in them, and where the patented articles aro sold cheap, aro nsually allowed to expire in tho allotted seven yenra; but whero the patentis valuable, and the patented articles must come into gen- eral use, then itis seized by speculators organ- ized into a powerful ring for the purpose of making fortunes not only for themselves but for their assigns and heirs, not only through seven years, but through ten times sevon years if possible, They are not satis. fied with a fair remuneration for tho time, and lnbor, and money expended upon it, but it must bo used as an instrumont to bleed the massea decnde after decade, and generation after generation,—a perpetual tax for an articlo of indisponsable use, by constant ox- tousions and inerenses of price. These valu. ablo patents as a rule the farming classes aro obliged to have, and consequently tho burden has fotlen heavily upon them and aroused such a spirit of hostility that thoy have detor- mined to make a political issue out of it, and vote down in futuro those members of Con- gress who support these schemes and enable rings to lovy such unrighteous tariffs upon orticles of daily use, In the ense of sewing- machines, it is not only the farmers’ wives, but working-vomen everywhere, who have been ground down, and this moakes tho bresking up of the monopoly not only economical and popular, but also a grand morat triumph. THE LAST OF PACIFIO MAIL. We infer that tho prosent Pacitlo Mail In- veatigating Committoo has reached the ond of itarope, We do not say, or wish to be under- stood, that it hns done all it might do; but-it scema to have done all it is likely to do with its line of investigation, Tho Committes is entitled to some credit, thongh it would have been diMeult for any committee, with the co- operation of Mr. Inwz, to have checked the revelations which have been mnde. But it is evidently time for it to roport progress to the House, with such recommendations as may focilitate furthor discoveries, It has pro- cecded far onough to demonstrate beyond per- advonture that the second subsidy of $500,000 ayeorin favor of tho Pacific Mail Company was procured by the corrupt use of money. This justifles tho cutting-off of tho appro- priation for the payment of that aubsidy, which should bo done at oneo, It is a prac- tical result for which tho country will ba duly grateful, But thero remains something to be done in this investigation which wo belleva the pres- ont Committes can beat promote by im- mediately making ita report to the House, in which it shall furnish material for a special committees to procced still further, As it stands now, we know that at lenst $000,000 corruption money wasused to secure the passage of the second subsidy; but, if tho investigation wore to stop where itis, wa would be askod to beliave that no part of this enormous bribory-fund went to tho membera of Congross who voted for that subsidy! Such a conclusion is plainly ridioulous, snd, if the Ways and Monns Committee can lend us to no other, it will do well to transfor the irfvostigation toa special committee which will undertake totouch bottom, The present Committes have succeeded in discovering everybody concerned in the swindle except tho membore of the Forty. second Congress who voted for it, They have presented the Hon, Mr, Scnuwaxen, of Brooklyn, who is now 4 mombor of Congress, but wasnot thon, They have indicted the Hon, Bitz Kita, who isa member of the next Congress, but was not a member of tho last, which paswed the subsidy, They have discovered the Hon, R. 0, Parsons, who was Marshal of the Buprome Court at the time, but is now @ membér of Congress, They have got ay near to a Bonator av a brotherin. low, Mr, Watrrxa, bat not the Senator bim. walt, Ours, Of California, ‘They have raked and soraped for newspaper men and caught even as big a fish as Forney, and a lot of smiall-fry whom the press does uot recognize, ‘They have picked up a couple of door-keepers. ‘They have mado great headway among the professional lobbyists, securing even the “King" himself, Mr. Sat Wanpv. Most of shoso who lave been identified with tho distribution of the money are of the ealibro of Inciast, and Snaw, and othors who 4o to Washington for tho declared and un. blushing purpose of lending their ‘ in- fluence” for pay. Now, with nll respect for the motives and intelligenco of tho present Comimitice, ‘There needs no ghost, my lords, come from the grayo ‘To toll ue this, Wo have known all along that Washington awarms with tho Inowams, Siaws, ADERTS, Bennetts, and the like. But wo also know thint these men did not enst the votes which passed the subsidy. Wo havo no doubt that they absorbed a considorable per cent of the $900,000 paid out by Paciflo Mail; but it is really too much to ask the country to believe that they got all of it or half of it, and that a majority in Congress good-naturedly vated for tho subsidy in order that the lobbyists ond bummers might get their conditional pay. Wo have unbounded faith in Congres- sional benovolonce, but wo can’t quite swal- low this fish. ‘The best thing for the Committeo to do is to present to the Houso an abridgment of the evidenco it has taken, and recommend that the investigation be pursued on a now basis, of which the following onght to be essential points: 1, That oll members ar officers of tho Forty-socond Congress, and all members or officers of the present Congress, who nro found to hayo partaken of this corruption- fund, shall bo promptly oxpelled, 2. That Mr. Sonvstarer, having been expelled under this rule, shall be arrested by the Sergeant- at-Arms, and held until he shall mako a full and satisfactory explanation of what ho did with the $300,000 ho received from Inwix. 3. That no effort bo sparod by Congress to sccure the attendanco of Brnu Kina, who received $125,000, and Wartixo, the California Senntor’s brother-in-law, who received $65,000 or $100,000. 4. That the new Committee take the vote by which tho subsidy passod Congress, nnd examine in alphabetical order every member of tho Forty-second Congress, under oath, who voted for the subsidy; and that their private accounts be also inspected as far as practicn- ble. If the investigation shall be started de novo with’ the advantage which such report would givo it, wo may hopo in the end to rench the corrupt Congressmen; and, without this, the investigation will have beon in vain, SUBSIDY SCHEME2, Tho Nation makes a good point by show- ing the intimate connection between tho suc- cosa of subsidy schemes and tho failuro of Civil-Service Reform, Snbsidies ro usually granted on tho strength of promised services. ‘The performance of those services is sure to be ovaded if itcan be. Ordinarily, tho law granting the monoy contains a proviso for in- spection by certain officials of the services rendered, The first step in trickery is to try to corrupt the inspcctora, The Creiit-3o- Dilior invostigation showed that this game ‘was successfully played by Oaxss Ans, If this fails, intimidation is tried. Threats of political persecution are frecly used. The in- spectors are told to shut their eyes or somo- thing dreadful will happen. Finally, if everything elso has miscarried, or, in tho first place, if tho character of the official makes it certain that bribing and bullying will both bo in vain, advantage is taken of the shifting tenure of office under our present wretched system, and the honost man, bound to do his duty, ia replacod by a pliant tool eager to bo bribed. Even whon tho change in office is duo to general causes, it is usually 5 good thing for the subsidy-getting monopolists and abad thing for tho subsidy-paying people. ‘Tho now men lack the necessary experience, A shifting responsibility is little batter than no responsibility, While tho Pacific Mail hasbeen lobbying at Washington, the Treasury ond the Law Departments hove each had four heads, The former has been managed by McCorzocn, Bovrwrrt, Rrowanpsox, and Basrow. Tho Iatter has descended from Evans and Hoar to Axenstan and Wii- wags. Tho Post-Office Department hns also changed hands or heads, Tho Paciflo Mail Company has had o gond deal to do with all throo of those Depart- ments, It has found s most serviceable friond in the prosont Attorney-General, whose published opinion that a subsidy granted on certsin conditions onght to bo paid if the recipient has, or pretends to have, any idea of performing the conditions at somo hopelessly indefluite time in the fnture finds no parallel among the opinions of his predecessors,—happily for the latter's reputa- tion os lawyers! Tho Nation's conclusion is sound. Tho subsidy syatem has somotimes succooded in Europe becauso—and only because—tho Gov- ernmont supervision ia there in the hands of skilled men, trained to their work and sure of thoir places. Since this snporvision can- not be secured here, tha subsidy system can- not be a success, and should be doflnitely abandoned, Tho history of the Pacifico Mail job shows that a subsidy may do harm all around. When this Company took caro of itself, asked no favors from unybody, and earned tho monay it roceived, its credit waa vory high. Its stock was in domand, It paid good dividonds on the capital invested. It was an honor to the flag its vessels carried on two oceans, From tho day it began to bo taken cara of by somebody elso its decline began, Its managers havo concentrated their attention ot Washington, and nogtected their business everywhoro olac, As ono result, nino of thoir gront ships have rovlod down into the waste of waters, carrying woalth and lives with them. Frantic atock. jobbing hos roplaced conservative manago- ment, The markot has beon manipulated and the stock has been ran up and down by the men who wore morally and legally bound to try tokeep it ata fxod value, Itsnominal value has varied with the chancos of subeldy- getting. The monoy that should Laye been used to pay dividends to stockholders has been absorbed in bribing lobbyists and Con. greamen. The stock is now going bogging at 84, The Company is borrowing moncy on tho street. Its managemont is a by-word, The man who is forced out of the Presidency one day under charges of dishonesty is on- treated to retuke the office tho next, And, to crown all, the public voloo imperativoly de- mands that Congros¥ shall forthwith roponl the subsidy for which the Pacific Mail hay sacrificed ite honor, its prosperity, and every. thing ole. eer Tho President has communicated to Con. gress noveral ndditional roporty from officers of the mrniy in Lonienna, Lieut-Col. Mon. now was specially dotailod hy Gen. Estony tb investigate the condition of soveral dit Tict of tho State, especially thoso in which Sy, Menuet has been operating. Col. Moni is nn officer of Northorn birth, led n Michigg, regiment in tho War, and was for his goog services appointed into tho regular any. Ilis xeport tells a mournful tale of the eong). tion Lo which the Red River part of the Sto‘ has been reduced by the strife and mixgey, ernment resulting from the disgraceful fy ts and faction disputes in Louisiana. Tiss, port benrs hard upon tho present State Gy, ernment, ‘This report is indorsed ), Gen, Snenwan to tho extont of a hi commendation of tho character of (y}, Morrow. Gen, Esony also reports t).4 the Stato Governmont stands in that a, titnde before tho people of the Stato t: militery protection ia essontinl to its daily istenco, Congress cannot afford to ndjoyy without somo action that yill put an end 1 this deplorable condition of nfaira in Lor: ona, and remove the scandalous reproyd, which it furnishes to free government. Leas, ing ontof sight all the ciroumstances lenin up to tho presout condition of affairs, ther: ean ba but ono judgment, and that is, 4 there is no remedy for this snd conditios Louisiana that does not include tho total : dance of the fraudulent Kevtova Gov ment, which the Prosident, two Ropubl Committees of the House, a Republican C.;,. mitteo of the Senate, and the combined tess, mony of all the military officers, have attuip. ed os a “‘gigantic fraud.” CHICAGO'S EVANGELISTS. When Ricianp went to Palestine to wrest thy Holy Sopnichre from Saracon honda, bo to,; with him Dronnct, his favorite musician, f1 ¢. der that the gontlo Inte-playor’a ravishing ¢. visions might soothe his eoul in hours of mw tit choly and inspire his comage upon the e battle, Chicago, always foremost in every work of beneticenco and humanitariantsm world’s ovangelizcr, tho hope of tho nation, day-star which shines for the final reder;. of the furthormost lands which Ma in daria: and the uttermost idles of tho rea, has se! upon a crusade to wrest tho holy places of world froin tho hands of the beguiling and 1: hoozling Beelzobub, to drive out tho Legions o! Lacifor from their camping grounds in cit; villago, and sateh brauds from tho by ing with which Satan has — envio: them. No pent-up Utica contracts hor po-rcr. Sho ia sprerding her nets round the wor'd, i. tonding to draw in all kinds of fla, big and Litt black, white, and copper-culored. First y Sloopy and Sauxzy to the Old World; bearing the snov-white banner of pence a trumpot of salvation, and SaNgey, tho tun Troubadour, with his lute and repertoire of g psalm and ballad, full-flayorod with per royal, that old but esvory herb, which reacive: tho vitals, and gcarches tho innormost pati: ;! Wo all know how they crossed the ocean, az) boldly boarding tho DPritish Lion in b shook up that royal benat, In tha prblic-hot and saloons, in the concert-Lalla and the venticles, on the open moora and amo: hills, they proached and sang to rou and navvies and to lords and ladies, 0 tho workingman quafing hia bittor be: = and tho ‘“blonted huristocrat,"” aud ever nobjlity stopped to listen to Muovis \ meandering eloquence aud Sanxey's sunil songs. In vain the Stato Church and tho art and high intellect journals, like the Saturzy | Review, and the Pall Mall Gazelle, and thos % tonian Apcetator, railod at thom and calle? tla « wandering lunaticr, and warned that so!) product of English soil, tho workingman, Moony and Sankey were conspiring to de him of bis beer and his babies, hig work 1: wages. In vain did the dry-as-dust theo!. 4 and the prating priests enivel, and sneer, aut wnub our Chicago holds of salvation, Eves; tho Archbishop of England stopped in hin figs! with Me. Grapetons long onongh to lanocka few cursos of tho Papal gortat thom, whici lis! 2% no more offoct upon thom than snipe-shot 0: | 4 the bido of the hippopotamus, From Ee 1 gland thoy went among tho Ar Menass and Ap ‘{rostasszs of Wales, undfssuye! : by jaw-brenking consonants, and apres ! tho glad tidings among tho descendants of tht} Druids, and made tho Elstedfoddy ring with ther jubilant atreina, From Wales they wandered) | Scotland, and tho Claus Canrxon and Rosita | Highlanders and Lowlandors, Tax O'Si. i and Highland Manys, chiols, Jassies, and baits | rallied from the heather and the hills wii ty olaymoro and bagpipe, aud mado the soft le [ of Saxxyy roverberato among the mont. like tho war-cry of Donnewn Dav. 1: conquorod roses, thistlos, and rarebite, tht {) hoidly seized the shamrock in the bogr, s! / Killarney, Kilkenny,’ and Cork arrayed thet solves in living greon and shouted ull! of oesttcy, and danced jiga of jollity, and orse each ofier’s crowns with more than ordi satisfaction after Moopy and Sanxcr k aroused their holy fervor. 9, and M. 2? 4 not going to atop with the United Kiny42 The fair-haired Scandinavians, France, {7 Tussia, Bissranox and the Kaiser, the reali the Hospodar, ond tho Sick Man of ‘Turi remain to bo gathered in, and, when thi is theu Moony and Sanxey will boldly walk into Vatican and wake up tho infallible Pontiff, wir i ever ho may be, wrostlo with him, and bring bo i Inte the true fold, E While Moony and his Troubsdour are travztics tho Old World, sowing the seeds for future}: yosta, Chicago has sont oat Warrrze ond bY } Troubadour, P. P, Briss, to evangelize the citid of the Enst whoro tho Dovil and all his aps geom to be let loose, scattering viala of wit? and ovil on overy hand. They will take in Jb* ton and restore the throe-billed city to i anclent virtue, Thoy will attack tha Sat" msoy corruptions and Bercuzr ascenct! of Now York, scour out ite slums, a! dress her in clean white robes, Tt Philadelphia, teeing in political rottonn* | will bo brought back to tho pristine purits <! Penn, and the Capital of tho Nation will Le doemod and regenorated, and no longer dod: J riment to the memories of its nameaako, *) could not tell a Lio and nevor filled his pork! g from Credit Mobiliera and Pacific Mails. wicked City of 8t. Louis, hopeless as sho see 4 to bein her daptha of dopravity and past ® promiso of redemption, will acknowlelze t error of ler ways, aud Wiutrie and 211s3 ©" gather rich treayuro-trovo of wacred valuo. § § Louls will mako no moro cheating consusss #' @ deluding directories after W. and 3, warned ber of the wrath to como, ‘Thus Chicago oxtonds her arms of bonodictit? over the struggling, toiling millions of tg wicked world and hastens on tho Millonnia™ Preach on, O Moopr and Wairrie! Sing o% Sanxxy and Duiss! The fields are white the barvoat. + It is stated that of the two Doorkoopers of Tonge of Ropresentatives who shared iu thePY cifio Mall corruption fund, Henuxy, » Wisco? man, bas beon discharged, while Bop, av lor | man, bes been retained, Thore is only one #47 in which this discrimination can be expl Linuxx recelved @11,000 aud Boy only 651 On this basis, on one hypothesis we may O yf olude that Henesr got more money than ett sition entitled him to, or that he did not div at falr, whlle Born, who took only $8,000, did > excocd his limit, Aro wo to infer from theor tinction made between Borp and Hepsst {sa graduated acalo for members and ofcer Congress? If not, why should ono Doorkte™ 7 be disaharged for taking 611,000 corrurlit money, and another retained who only 95,000? And {f there io a limit of lobbs-0"" : to which members and officers are entitled: de about Me Souomamzn ond Krxa,—0m whom received 280,000, and the other 032508 Do they both come dader the ben? How #