Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 12, 1874, Page 8

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JULY 12, 1874. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE 2R OF SUDECRIPTION (PATABLE IS ADVANCE). .. 2. Sunda, - 52.5 Bt sipat S 0R e b ‘Parts ot a rearat the same rate. To prevent delay and mistakes, bo sure and give Post Ct: ce address in full, including State and County. Iemittances may bo mado either by dratt, express, Post Ctiice uicer, orin registorod lerers, at our rivk. TCRXS TO CITY SCRSCRIDELS. Faily, delivered, Bundey exceptea 25 cents per weck. Luils, aclivered, Sundas fncluded, 30 conts per wock. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPANY, Corner Madisor ana Dearborn-sts. ‘alcago, HL TO-MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. 'HOOLEY'S THEATRE—Randolnh strent, between O ra LaSalo. agugement of Tony Basiors \a- Tioty-Troupe. ATY OF MBSIC—Hatsted street, between Mad- it Aad Monsoe. Easazement of tha Vokes Family. “Fuain 8 Fog." E: N BUILDING-Lakeshore, foot of Adams s O ION P RE S B lirmoai and evemue- TWENTY- ST, BASE BALL GROUNDS— m‘.mfiflmpr E.l&? betweon the Baliimores and Chi- cagos. SOCIETY MEETINGS. YETTE R NO. 2, R, A, 3M.—Hall 72 L xu.’.:.fi{’?.-’i."?fm a this Moudxs evenin Elpek, for busines, A fll atieadancy o tha 11, By erdor Ol AN TUCKER, Soc'r, vy & embars desired. BUSINESS NOTICES. PRICELESS, — WHY BUY THE PURITY iesated trash Wat is vendod throush- out tho ciiy and country for ‘Teas, bmunddc«nd: and Ground Spices, when pure and unadul r:léc gm:ru be bad for {Ak prh}e;’.’ :\ru rl:luhgfiud nc:-‘::‘um” Eolice dailys also, grind our own S 5> Sivmccat and Dt goods fur this purpose, which 1s U e ko 1o, et Cofivs ad Spices thnt axe relly or. Randolph P\ hotesale and rotail grocer, Ltad Block, and Market-s The Chicago Cribune, Bundsy Morning, July 12, 1874. THE CHESS CONGRESS. Tho meeting of the National Chess Congress | | during the pust week will be likely to revive tne ‘public interest in this bighly-intollectunl smuse- ment. At the same time, the tendency of public or quasi-public games by chesa athlotes s to pit orator must competo tional, philosophical, ecientific, oratorical, and other attractive influences to be found on every haond. cause it has not kept up with the other bravches of public life thin because a few of its orators bavo made themselves atiractive to large au- diences by their learning and their originality. We must not leavo all the attractive preaching as woll a8 all the good eongs to the Devil. If the lecture-room is made brilliant with the dis- closures of science, and the newspapes shines with new light, and the books and magazines style of the pulpit oratory of thair early days, when their own lives wero eimpler then they are now, and when peoplo were content with fervent thought and pious ways, very naturally conclude that it would have begn betser to preserve this ‘primitive condition of things. Perhmps itwould, But this was not possible, the pulpit influence to the contrary motwithstanding. When tho peo- ple, enjoying bronder educational facilities and grouping themeelves in largor communities, ceased to be satisfied with the plain, familiur talk of & Presiding Elder, and were rather startled «then instructed by the crude and impassioned utterances of the circuit preacher, the pulpit bad to change along with the people. Had it stood still while the peoplo advanced, it would have scrificed more of its influence than 3Ir. Mullive believes it has yielded by changing with the times. If tho pulpit has less infinence than formerly, whicl is not al:ogether certain, its decline must be traced to other causes than that which Mr. Mulling and the old-school religionists assign forit. Invillage-fife, where the manners of tho people are subject to little change, tho old, earnest, and tnadomed style of preaching may be the more effective now 28 then. communities Whoso sizo and activity pro- duce friction with modern ideas, the pul- But in with the educa- If the pulpit is behind, it is ratber be- cad peoplo fato untrodden paths, the pulpit must likewise go into scieuce, and philosopbs, and attractive learning of every kind, in order to maintain its place among the great public in- structors. It is mot emough for preachers fmako tho game 5 lsborious task rather than & | iy bl o s damnedf they refreshing diversion. The possibilitics of chess, by reason of the infinite number of situations aud combinationg which may bo grouped on tho sixty-four squares, are illimitable. Consequent- Iy, thero is an ever-present temptation to tho smateur to go on and penetrato the grea don't believe ; they aro too apt to reply now- adays that they will be danwed if they do, until such and such & matter is explained to them. If eciontific investigators create doubts in the minds of reading and thinking people, the pulpit must follow up theso investigations just as Jungle whero the Morphys, tho Stauntons, the | o o0 g youmedly to duasipato tho double. Anderasens, the Philidors, have aclueved head- ey without ever seeing any more daglight ahead | o than the tyro who has just learned the fool's mate by dresdful experience. To tho average man or woman, chess is & good eervant, bui s bad master, for, when it once gets control, it requires exclusive control, and it is only by the grestest effort of the will that an adeptean | It the author, actor, and lecturer, offer per- ormences that attract aud delight on weck deys, the public'will demand that Sunday sball not be dull and stupid. reason why the Word of God should not bs spoken cleverly as well as the words of mau, nor why the psalms should not be sung as at- We fail to seo sny good ractively as the sougs of the concert-room. shalo off tho alluring gambits, and como back | 2E TR L iy %y to the'bread‘azd-butter world wo are destined to | livoin. Probably the pleyers who have met ia whether the propo: he pulpit hss lost influence. Indeed, we doubt on, thus stated, be correct. this city will have harder work tostop PI&YINg: | ry o b6 cnig that the pulpic does not exert as ~when the tournament 15 ended, than they had to much influcnce as it might, without saving that it win their most stubborn victories. Das lost any. It hasadvanced, but perhaps not o Nevertheless, chess holds tho first m_k 83 3 | rapidlyasother institations competing with it for purely intellectnal amusement. In point of | 1) gyray of human kind. It would be 3 eerious usefulness, it is not to be compared with thoso mistake, however, and bappily oue not likely to games wherein physical exercise™ calls the | 1, mage, to go buck to the old order of things muscles and the blood into henlthful activity. | Ttis a contest'of brain and nerve-power purely, always fascinating, nevor dobasing, but often erhausting. 'To its votaries, especially to those “who bave achieved great eminence, the question ‘invariably comes in the end, Cui bomo? Wo have gons farther into the great labyrinih than our fellows, but what have we gained? .Psul Morphy conquered the world of chess, or which some people in all times sigh in vain. ADULTERATED DRUGS. Wo present this morning the result of an ex- tensive inquiry into tho alloged abuses practiced in the drug business, wholesale and rotail. Tho result of tho investigation among the wholesals dealers is that tho szlo of adulterated drugs by any house desiring & reputation for respecta- and forthwith beeame & rocluso. Howard | yyic i 1o longer profitable, and hence the Staunton attsined extraordinary eminence, 8ad at 3 Iato period in lifo exchanged the gamo for | Stiakspearean studies, in which he might have be had. present general rivalry in that branch of tho rade to sell tho purest and best drugs that can The result of this is that certain manu- :made a lastiog mark it he bad notv wasted his | gyoiyrers are compelled to observe strict integrity better years over pieces and pawne. Paulssen in the preparation of the drugs, under the penal- ias ol shatterod a noble mind by astounding | iv of g loss of trado. foats at blindfold chess. The demands of choss upon the intelicct and time of anyona who wishes In the retail businees there is, and has been slways, an immenso pecuniary temptation to to achiove distinction are 5o overmsstering and | yaujterato in the compounding of prescriptions. exclusive that there isno room for any other pur- Thus, thero are druggists who will put up a pre- guit. What is called successin life is iccompatidle | goription Ly substituting for some costly ingredi- with greatnss in chess. 15 greatness in cliees alandsble ambition for o ratiozal being? ent an inferior or quitea differont article. In We | the high-priced drugs, such as quinine and think not ; and yet an occasional brush of ama- | gpinm, and the reductions of the latter, thero is tears, midst, is by no means harmful. It may oven bo Tseful if jt shall rovive a social interest in tho gawe ; for there are many things that we givo our time to that will bear no comparison with ches. The palmy days of chess, in modern times at least, were in 1853, when the youthful genins of quinine was was o that which is now taking place in our | ; wigelr-differcnt practico. Ope class of drug- gists put up prescriptions * cheap™ in order to ecuro custom; while others demand s high prico on the gronnd that to compomod pure drugs necessitates heavy charges. is ‘given whero o prescription, An instance of which item, stores, tho prescnted 2t s most expensive number of Now Orleans came forward and successively de- | 43 tho prices domanded for it ranged from feated every player of distinction in the civil- 90 conts to $2.40. The bighest price, of course, fzed world. 3r. Morphy so ‘‘identified bimself with the game dunng that brief and brilliant tournament that the very word was demanded for tho pure article, leaving the inference that thero was a falling off in quality chees brings up the nzme of Morphy. Although hehsa played no public games since that time, and althongh new champions have since risen, he ia still tacitly acknowledged to be the world's champion. Most readers still remember his en- counters with Loewenthal, Harrwitz, Riviere, Laroche, Journoud, Devinck, and Anderssen, who all fell before him. Mr. Staunton declined o meet him in singlo play, but played two con- sultation games against him, both of which Since that period thero has apparently been a reaction in the public Interest attaching to chess. noonein the field sufficiently distinguished to 2eotre public sttention upon the game. ~Of Iate, howover, & young Polish player, named were won by Morphy. There has been Bteinitz, has drawn & good many eyos his way by his succoss in the occasional tournaments in Europe, where our whilom Dubuque player, Prulesen, still struggles on, between Losdaches and cold aweats, at those incredible feats of blindfold pisying of which Le gave us a glimpse In Chicsgo some seventoen sears ago, and which would have been tho death of most men long 50, THE MODERN PULPIT. ‘We print among our religious miscellany this morning & letter from the Rev. G. G. Maullins, which admits that the pulpit is losing much of 1ta old-time power, ana inquires into the causes. Mr. Mulling attributes the waning influences of the pulpit to the decided changs from the kind f preaching we ueed to hear to that we listen to nowadays. Formorly, he BAFE, it was the duty of the minister of the Gospel to preach the Word, puze and simple, and now the preacher has been metamorphosed into the moral essayist, the religio-philosophical lecturer, and & profes. slonal, who must send up s rocket and make g sensation once a week if he expest to sucoeed. This is the purport of Mr. Mulline® statement, which he elsboraics earnestly and respectfully, and which will find aympathy among s large number of well-mean- ing and old-fashioned people who believe as he docs, Alwse who recall the simpls and cxrnest a8 the price descended. Nevertheless, to any unskilled person there is no means by which the purchazer could sscertain whether he would bo swindled by the ono dealer more than by the other. The apothecary business, however, is undergoing a change. Itis passing into better and moro skillfal hands. Compounding druggists are beginning to discover that a reputation for possessing and compounding pure drugs is more profitable than oven tho extortions for inferior substitutes. The prescribing physicians have it in their power to correct the practice of putting up medicines in o fraudulent manver, and a word of caution to their paticnts can prove cost- I to any druggist who attempts to palm off spurious drugs upon his customers. The prac- tico of paying phyzicians a perceotage on all prescriptiors sent to & store is looked upon as falling into disrepute. It is & reflection upon the druggist, who may be suspected of repeying Dnmself by the use of inferior drugs, and a re- flection on the physician, who, for his own gain, may thus endanger the health of patients by having them procuro their medicino ffom adrug- gikt who is tempted to cheat them. Somo of the retail druggists speak frankly of tho tricks and devices which may bo practiced in tho trade. Thus, in o eimple but universally- used articla of citrata of magnesia, the confiding sick man may bo ewindted into taking Epsom or* Rochelle salts; those who use cream of tartar may swallow plaster of paris. Quinine pills old by wholcerle nre of euch donbiful origin that their use is to be avoided; better trust to the corner apothecary than buy the ready-made stuff, as o rule. The extent of the busincss of 2dulteration may be summed up in tho general remark that auy expensive chemical is lieblo to be adulterated. e Dr. Porwell explains the change that has taken place in the practico of medicine because of the failare of the druggists to fill tho prescriptions withi ingredients of the standard strength and quality. Ordinarily, o aoge is prescribed to pro- duce a certain effect; ordinarily, bocause of the charaoter of tha druge put up, the effoct ia not producsd, and tho resuld ts that physicians have to order that the doso be repeated until the ef- | affords rational emusement and instructive en- [ naver again to return to Ohio on & slave-catch- fect ia produced which ought to have been ac- complished by the first dose. According to the Doctor, tho effects of a prescription put up in quantities laid down by the Pharmacopeeia, and tho same prescription putup by tue ordivary druggista of to-dny, are by no means the same; aud, instead of a single dose having tho effect sought, it has to be repeated indefinitely until that offect is produced. The moral of all this is that the nnfortunate sick, whose ailments require the use of drugs compounded by the apothecary, have to dopend on the intelligence as well as the honesty of the druggist asmuch ss upon his physicisn. Mr. Rayner states that any conscientions druggst can at any timo test the purity of Lis drugs, and itis bis business and his interest to doso. The purchasers at retail drug-stores will find in this report, therefore, suflicient to warn them against dealing with any person in the important articlo of medicine who is not skillful enough to know puré drugs from bad, and honest enough to sell the precise article ordered ot him by the phy- sician, THE LECTURE-BUSINESS. No eooner does one lecture-season end than tho preparation for apothor begins. The echo of the voico of *the greatest living lecturer” bas scarcely died awsy before Lis name 18 again blared out upon the Associations throngh the trumpet of tho Bureau. The number of persons in this country of both sexes and both colors who meke, or who are try- ing to malko, 2 fortune by lecturing, may bo safely put at 500, while the preachers and professors who aro hungering for **engagements” to eke out & emall ss)ary, or increase a large one, will swell the list to abont 8,000. The topics, ;as published by tho Burcaus, range from **Shakspenre” to **Our First Baby," from “The Dynamics of Life” to *‘Tho Chim- panzee,” and from ** Matrimony” to *What Will You Do About It?" Thero are about a half- dozen Lecturo Burcaus, some of whose period- icals and circulars wo havo beon permitted to oxamine. The first thing about them that im- presses us is the uniformly superlative terms of commondation with which the lecturers sro spoken of, not only by tho orgaus of the Bu- reaus, but by the press throughout the country. One lecturer “‘is 23 juicy &s a watermelon;” another *‘goes ovor the keys of utterance from tho lowest gutturals up to a femivine falsetto.” Another was so excellent In the art of mimicry that * somo adults as well s children thought a real dog was present;” and the *words” of snother **fell liko drops of diamonds into the cars of the audience.” Agentleman who crowns his advertisement with his portrait is declared to bo & giant in intellect,” and *190 pounds in weight,” with ‘g head that measures 24 inches in circumferenco.” He kas good *“digestive organs " also, and *'s controlling motive—men- tal temperament.” The personal appearance of an “ Hon.” wit-snapper is pronourced *intel- lectual and picturesque,” and & **celebrated hu- merist” is endowed by the reporter with “ize wondrous story-telling powers of Albert Smith, a8 well os the satire and philosophy of Thackeray.” The composition of someis compared to that of Macsulay, and others are nothing less then Beecber, Gough, and Pbillips all rolled into ono individual. A re- Forter deseribes himself 2s “ shuddering before the caustic rhetoric which lnid bare the heart of the world of trade"—in Troy! A° member of Congress ** touched the highest point of power- ful oratory when he photographed the personal qualities of Ulysses S. Grant,” and an ex-Mayor of New York *iuvariably reaches and softens the heart by methods as creditable a8 they aro refreshing.” An ex-Major-Geueral of Voluu- teers ““is the Mirabeau of orators, and the Mu- rat of cavaliers,” and an * ex-U. 8. Commissioner to the Vienna Exposition” will deliver a lecture next winter which, *‘considering his European experiences, will havo the charm of novelty, "— something to say certainly after the ‘“experi- ence™ of “Boss” Shepherd and *Judge™ Richardson. The names of lady-lectarers occur frequently, and, while not a whit behind their brothers of the rostrum in high-pitched *notices of tho press,” quito surpass them in attracting the gaze and pen of tho reporters to their ““personal” advan- tages. *'She has o voice of great sweetness and & person at onco handsome and commanding,”— that of a “3rs.” who may be a widow, or, what is sadder, her hugband may feel it bis duty to be still living in order to look after the children. And this of a Mlle, —, *the swectest specimen of o Sixteenth Amendmentthat has ever graced the buld interior of Rouse's Hall.” Another lady has ““n head @ Timperatrice and 3 fresh com- plexion.” Another displays *u good figure and oloquent cyes,” and tho reportor in still another instance wes enamored with her full habit, and harmonious, yet inconspicuons, dreseing.” Accessories 2ro resorted Lo by some of the lec- turers. A *pew humorist onthralls” Lis hear- ers with *‘coloseal cartoons,” and an older wag gives an “evening of ventriloquism.” A trav- cling * Captain” will be *nccompanied by Han- nah, Joe, aud their daughter Punny, native Es- quimaux;” an Arctic explorer will exhibit o “gtufled reindzer,” and a “celebrated illusionist” will perform ‘“‘the Indian box trick” snd the “gerostat-spirituel.” In view of such appur- tonances, wo should mot be surprised to learn that tho cffects produced upon the audicnces, or wupon the reporters, atany rate, are everywhere extraordinary, * Riv- oted eyes,” *rapt ettention,” and *breathloss intercst” are universal. Insome cases the in- terest is ““painful.” All the epeakers are “sp- plauded to the echo,” sud thoro are very fow but love the artof ‘‘maling the audience lsugh one moment, and ery the next.” Ono audience, we are given to understand, absolutely passed izto a state of trance, and the lecturer was not 2 ‘‘medium” eithor. She was, however, un- married, and discoursed on * Whom to Marry,” ond, as the reporter thinks, * mellowed to her ides];" but then his wish might have been father to his report. The British lecturers, we are informed, have not beon s success, as a ralo, and some of them have been dismsl faiiures. ** Their commonplaco lectures were aliowed to pass un- criticised out of conetderation for” their fame as suthors, or thoir *bonevolence" as *foe males.” Tho only foreign names of eminenco we obsorve in the current lists aro those of Hepworth Dixonand Martin F. Tupper! The fees of lecturers are graduated all the way from §40 and ** find yourself " up to £250 and expenses. Wendell Phillips received $900 snd Henry Ward Beecher £1,300 for two lecturoa in this caty last winter. The intrineic valuo of & lecture is a8 difficult to fix 28 the object which the comet has inview. Bat it is evident that the lecture-business has attsined coormous pro- portious, end is not the * entirely pestilent and abominablo vanity " denounced by ir. Ruskin. At its worat W 18 barmless, whils ab its beat it tertainment. OBERLIN AND HER WORK. In the good old consorvative, slaveholding days, if you mentioned Oberlin in the presence of a Kentuckian, he st once exhibited nnmistak- able signe of hydrophobia. As well might one expect a rabid animal to remain placid in the presence of water as for s slaveholder to keep bis temper and remain unmoved when Oberlin was discussed. Al Abolition odiousness, nasti- ness, and utter devilishness was Bupposed to dwell in the character of an Oberliner, and the sum of human depravity to be found in that town. If & negro was lost ho went to Oberlinto live; andif he once reached tho place he was enfe, for no slave was ever returned to bondage from that town. Trains on the underground railroad arrived and doparted at all bours of the day and night, and the most utter defiance of the right of property in man was practiced by tho Oberlin Abolitionists. That no negro might mistake his wey, the finger-boards were removed and & full-sized Cufly, running for dear life, was put on the cross-roads, his arm outstrotched and pointing the way to Oberlin. The signs before the hotels near the place were pictures of & man one-half black and the otber half white,—tho black gide facing toward Oberlin, I tho village a negro bound in chsins, » tiger chasing a negro, and & crowd of Oberliners driving off slave-hunters were in some instances the oxpiessivo siins that pointed out places of business ; and, as if sanctioning all this and making 1t a religious du- ty, ** Holinees unto the Lotd ” was written in va~ rious places and blazed in golden letters from the flag hung over the College buildings, Certainly it was gs uninvitiog & plgea for a slaveholder to enter a8 one could find, and it was not to bo wondered at that they generally halied at tho firet megro sign-board and turned back to the moxt village. To the fugitive, as well as to tho pursuer, there was something inexpreesibly touching in the picture of a crowd of patives with sticks and stones driving off kiduappers, under the motto of * Holinoss unto the Lord." The more enterprising elave-hunters who cntered the town soon found themselves tho victims of misplaced confidence and tho dufes of what they ever afterwards termod ‘‘as designing s set of villains as lived oo tho faco of tho earth.” No sooner would their business leak out than the slave- catehers would receive a visit (sometimes in the middle of the night) from o mysterious person- age, who would propose to give great informa- tion and bo of tho most positive service in recap- turing the escaped sloves. The generous offer was generally accepted by the uususpecting Southernors, and then followed & carnival of sport for the Oberliners. Riding all night over rough ronds, crasling all day through corn- patches, wading swamps, or scratching thelr fiesh off in the brembles of the forests, the slave-catchers would toil duy after day hunting for their dusky property, and return fo their Lotel at night weary and worn out, only to be langhed at in secret by the tricky Abolitionists, and then encouraged to remew the fruitless seaich on the morrow. Sometimes o crowd of mischievous stndents would bluck one of their number and send him to the swamp: then they woald announce to the slave-hunters they had found the hiding-place of the fogitive,and, accompsnied by the Southernors, the search would pegin. A shout of * Ilere he goes ! would presently announce tie discovers, and the race commenced. Ovor ditches, across felds, through swamps, until, tired out, tho fugi- tive would allow himself to ve captured by his sweary pursuers, when the thin Lips, straight hair and nose, would announco the sell and cause the indignant Southerners to curso horribly., Roar- ing with ragoe they would depart southward, fol- lowed by the jecrs and shouts of their persecu- tora. No man in Oberlin could be trusted on the elave question. An old Southerner once said no matter Low pious or reliable thoy might be in other matters, thoy wouid **lio like horso-thioves when it camo to @ nigger.” To betray a poor fugitive would have been to lose the respect of the community and insure lasting disgrace and. odium. It wowd $ll & good-eized volume to relato all the talos, incidents, and tricks connected with slave-catching around Oberlin during the ten veers pieceding tho War. No labor, no expense or trouble, was too great to save a fugitive from his pursaer; it was “ holiness unto the Lord " to liherate slaves, and all did it whénever they could. Every night slmost trains on the un- derground railroad loft Oberlin for Cleve- Iand, Charleston, Huron, or Bandusky, whore the living freight was transferred to friendly eteamboat-captains, who forwarded it to Canada, New York, Pennsylvania, or the far West. Sometimes &decoy of blacked stu- dents or free negroes were started off to deceive the watchers, and, a diversion having been ef- fected, tho real fugitives were sent away in anotherdircetion. One negro, Who was very valuable to his master, was watched so closely it wasg found impossible to run him off, when at last a student, procuring a side-saddlo and o norse, attired Cuffy as alady, and, mounting an- other horse, gallantly escorted his closely-veited companion in safety to Huron. Thodarkey was s0 amused at this novel method of escape that, when be found himself safe, he langhed until you could have heard him a mile, and kept ro- Deating many times ovar: “’Fore God, mastor nover know dis chilem dom ar clotbes.” Look- ing in the glass, ho cried out : * G'way, nigger, I never sced you aforo ; specs you ia some’run- away.” . One evening in 1810, two Kentuckians rode into Oberlin acd seized two negroes on the main street. They put the colored men inabuggy and drove out of the place before the citizens real- ized what bad occurred. Most of the Oberliners were in thoir chapels at prayer at the time, and when the information resched them they hastily closed their meetings, and men, women, and children followed the slave-catchérs, armed only with Bibles and *songs of the Lord.” The Eentuckians were overtaken some three miles out, and gurrounded by the multitude, who blocked up the way sod would not allow them to proceed. No viclence was offered the kid- nappers, but prayers and hallelujats wero flung at their hoads in an utterly recklcss manner. Surprised at so oxtraordinary a demobstration the Southorners surrendered st will, xud wero taken to Elyria, where, failing to establish their claim to the fugitives (a man anda women), thoy were arrested for kidnapping and house- breaking, and parrowly escaped being throwm iato fail by giviog bail. Ono of them returned home and died; the othier came back at the ap- pointed timo to stand trial, but, no evidenco ap- pearing against him, be was dischargod, and wont back to Kentucky, glad to berid of the Obaerliners and ihelr Bibles, snd determized ing expedition. However ridiculous some of these proceed- ings mey seem even at this lato day tothe heathen, thers can be little doubt but that Oberlin exercised a great influonce upon the anti-slavery movement in America. Before the War, 15,000 young men and women had attended college thero and reccived s strictly Anti-Slavery education. Every one of thess went away s confirmed Abolitionist, and proached opposition to slavery as * holiness unto the Lord.” They spmnduthcm!elvan overevery State in the Union, and tho influcnce these earnest workers exerted upon the scntiment of the country was im- mense. Over 200 of them were clergy- men, and every Sundsy their pulpits, from Maine to Oregon, resounded with Anti-Slavery doctrines, It was at Oberlin Mr. Garrison got his first batch of aposties to travel and sprosd his Liberator and its teachings ; it was at Ober- linalso tho first squad of Anzi-Slavery lecturers organized under the auspices of the Anti-Slavery Society; and it was from there every winter scores of iunerant lecturers were let loose upon the country to atir up the people against tho * divice institution.” Often thoy wers mobbed and beaton, but they accounted overy stripe * holiness unto tho Lord,"” and went on with their work. Nothing could stop them, and their numbers yearly in- creased, until the mouths of the cannon, bellow- ing on the battle-felds of the nation, preached in thunder tones their orthodox doctrines of freedom to all, aud sent couviction to the hearts of all the people. Nor did they shirk the dan- gers of war, but both priests and people, pro- feasors and studeats, went to the battle, and nearly every Aunti-Siavery man ‘“‘bore a hand and wrought in it.” It was from Oberlin the *patriots” in Kansas received arms, money, and men to fight the bor- der ruffians of Missouri; it was from Oberlin the great army of Anti-Slavery workers, preach- ers, teactiers, and lecturers went forth to work it was from Oberlin no slave flesing from op- pression to freedom waa ever returned ; and it was from Oberlin when the War began that neariy ong-half the adult population marched azeinst the Rebellion. And these non-tobacco chewing, non-whisky-drinking, non-swearing, “ praying, bowling, ranting, relizious fanatics,” made good soldicrs, and paused not, and tarried not, aud halted not, until tho nation was freed from slavers COMMUNISM IN ENGLAND. Tho seeds of Communism are being sown in England by certain fire-brands, who are taking advantage of the agricultural laborers’ agita- tion to stir up the worst feelings among them against their employers. The laborers who be- Jong tothe Unions, or rather the agitators who are behind them, are moving heaven and earth to cresto among tho laborers, not simply & de- sire to ameliorato their condition, but to develop in them & fecling of hatred and vindictivencss againgt their emplosers. Among the means used to secure this ond Is the circulation among the farmers of a &mall tract, written by the Chairman of the North Essex Distriot of tho National Agricultural Laborers’ Uuion, for the use of laborers not yet in the Union. The English press considers it an official and authoritative docament for this reason, and aleo because it is to be hadat the ofiices of the Society. The Laborers' Catechism, as it is calind, i8 a parody on the Catechism of the Es- tablished Church of England, and begins with the question: *What is your name?” Answer Clodhopper.” Next, *Who gave you that nemo?” Ansiwer—*Aly masters, the land-own- ers and farmers, whea I was made a tiller of the soil, & scarer of birds, & snagger of turnips, a kocper of cows and sheop, a follower of the plow, 3 sower and resper, aproducer of wealth that my masters might live in idlenoss and lax- urious oase all the days of their lives.” In another answer the laborer mays that he is truly grateful to the landlords and farmers that they have condezcended, in their great mercy, evea to permit him to till the soil for their benofit, ** that I may have the pleasure of wit- nessing their prosperity and happloess in liv- ing on the fruits of my toil; that pleasuro being increased by the contrast of our wivesand children perishing with starvation on the wages which they so landly and gonerously give us for our toil.” sin to spare. If they have not deserved death then wbat punishments?” Ho then argues that they be brought up to labor and restraint, but not held in slavery. Inthe same year Hugzh Petor, writing to John Winthrop from Salem in behaif of himself and & Mr. Endicott, salutes Winthrop in the ““Lord Jesus,” &c., and pre- fors & requestdfor a boy or girl each, from among the captives, znd reminds him of s previous request for some boys brought from the Bormudss. It appears that in tho Pequod War, up to July, 1637, thero had been 700 Indians taken. Some of these were distributed among the people, others were slain, and fifteen boysand two women were sent as slaves to the Bermudas to be exchanged for negroes. The vessel, how- ever, missed Bermuda and weot to the West In- dies, and returned with some * cotton and tobac- co, and negroes, etc., from thanco, and salt from Tortugas,” The Captain reported that * dry fish and strong liquors are the only commodi- tios for those parts.” Thus began the exchange of Indians, fish, and rum, for regro slaves. Dar- ing the war some of the Narragansetts aided the English against the Pequods, snd were allowed to take a portion of the prisoners as slaves. In 1645, Emanuel Downiog, brother-in-law to the elder Winthrop, wrote to the latter the follow- ing exposition of the then accepted doctrine of slavery among the Puritans of Massachusetts: A war with the Narrogansetts is very conslderabl to this plantetion, for I doubt whether it be not sin in us, having power in our hands, o suffer them to maintain the worship of the devil, which their pow- wows often do ; secondly, if upon a just war the Lord should delivor them into our hands, we might easily have man, women, snd children enough to oxchange for Moors, which will be more gainful pillsge for us than we concaive, for 1do not see how we can thrive until we get fat> a stock of slaves sufficient to ao all our business, for our children’s cLildren will hardly see this great continent filled with people, 0 that our servants will still desire freedom to plant for them- selves, and not stay out for very great wages. And I suppose you know very well how we shall maintain twenty Moors alieaper than one English servant, THe ships that shall bring Moors may come home laden with salt, which msy bear most of the charge, if mot allof it. The Massachusotts Colonists clalmed theright to treat the Indians on the footing of the Cannanites or Amalekites, regarding them me forlorn and wretched heathen. Cotton Mather accounted for taeir origis thus : ‘We kuow not when or how these Indians first be- came inhabitants of this mighty continent, yet we moy guess that probably the devil decdyed these mis- arable savages hither in_ hopes that the Gospel of the Lord Jesus Christ would never come hers to disturb or destroy his absolute empire over them. In 1646, an order was made that any Indians committing trespass should, after certain pro- coedings, be delivered to the party or parties damaged, “either to serve, or to be shipped out and exchanged for negroes, as the cause may Justly bear.” The traffic in Indians as slaves continued to bo practiced ; but the negroes were preferred, and to obtain the latter the Indians were ehipped and 8old, and negroes brought tack. The trade was not » private one, but carried on by the authorities. In 1675, in the report of the re- ceipts and expenditures of the war, cconrred the following item of receipts : “ Captives—{for 188 prisoners at war sold, £397, 13" The Dartmonth Indiaas, who had tekenno part in the war, were persusded to become prisoners, and were sent to Plymonth, snd despite the promiscs and guersntees held out to them, they were. to the number of 160, sold as cur scoms to bo & more roliatls prophecy that of tno inspired Ieaiah. e The average juror cannot forzet the pr of alluntey which Diovallod Mper e mother was a blushing bride. He Probag) would be the last man in the world to snrrer) bis scat in a publio vehicls to » lagy 3 be will maintain tho principle. This wu’mm trated in Birmingham recently, Mr, Prus, o hardware dealer, made the acquaintance o youog Iady, Miss Godden, and, tousa bis oy words, “bo csmo, 88, 3ad ¥as conquersgy He waa comparatively poor, for ho lived fn y & bouse, and only kept one servant, ghe ealthy, for hr fathor Lived at the rata of g aFear. The pair were engazed to bs me. the voung lady sccopting him very suddagy spito of bis acknowledged poverty, Thay ru tender latters, and indulged i the ordiaary o change of endearments to be found in ,u-' cases. He offered to releass her from the L tract, but Miss Godden declined thy hou and ‘“could not give him up" g4 she kw' derly affimed. A change in her seep ments was effected aftermards, and sy gy ivo bim up with such readiness ss fo byt b foelings. Ho found that be conld ogly g - pain, and became sickly a0d dyapeptrs. g condequence was that he brought sut for brsey of promise againat the fair but fickle one, The trial excited coueiderable interest. Miss Gogay referred to Lior Iover us * & staady oldai ey horself 23 “ & giddy girl Who dida't kagy pe. own mind.” Mr. Prast explained to the uj gy ho hoped to pay his doctor's bl out of the pry. ceeda of the suit. Lord Coloridge, ke th e sided with the dofendsnt, and hoped 'ty former would give & verdict expreuipe of their opivion of s msa who wog cause 50 publication of the love-lstters betwseg the pair, which the jury did by swarding the plaintift _one fasthing, and makiag him pay by costs. Of course, a man who sues & woman for breach of contract in matrimonial affairs stany & very poor chance of recovering any Bat it will puzzla the non-legal mind to gey reason why it should be considered dishonorsls in & man to produce the epistolary evidence of contract, and perfectly upright, not to sy sd. mirable, in & woman to do the ssme thing, Ax) et the other sex are not satisfied with their Tights, LN The San Fraucisco Chroniclegives a biography of James Lick, the donorof the enormous sam of 8700,000 for the purpose of building aud equipping with the best telescopo in the world an observatory in the Sierra Nevada. Hp is described as an eccentric old gentleman, Hig eccentricities consist, as far as can bo gathered from the biographical skotch, in thorough, sterling honesty, wonderfal common sanse, &od rationaiistic religious views. In disposing of his property to others befors dying, in order that he might Lave the pleasura of seeing others enjoy it, he proved himselt & man of sense a3 well as liberality. In the lsn- guage of an inspired writer, *We bronght nothing into this world, and it is certain that ws shall take nothing out.” Tho exact claim to be- ing considered liboral that s man makes who ‘merely distributes according to hia selfish desires that which he cannot use himself is not apps- rent, bat it is 30 generally allowed that we ne- essarily regard the man eccentric who voluats- rily parts with his property before dying. Inhis thoronghness in business, too, Mr. Lick was+ eccentric. He built & flour mill % & vast expenss, solested the grain br it with the wutmost csre, and made such an admirable quality of flour that it sold for £2 a barrel more than any other in the market. He was eccentric enough to give this mill to the Tom Paine Society of Boston, and to feel indignant when that body sold it for one-* twentieth of its value. But the crowniog eo- centricity of his life was his interest in the study of astronomy, whicn prompted him to slaves ont of the colony. It was & common thing to demand from other eolonies the return of fugitive slaves. In August, 1676, the wife and son of King Philip were captured. What was to be done with them was seriously debated, and the advice, 28 in all other things, of tho clergy weas asked. Among the answers is the following, which shows how atrong was the Old Testament spirit of that day: The question being propounded to us by ourhon- ored rulers, whother Fhiiip's son bes child of death, our azewer 18 that we do acknowledge that rule, Deut, 24:16, to be maral, and thercfore perpetually binding, viz.: that ina particular act of wickedness, though capital, the crime of the pareat doth not render his €hild » subject to punishment by the civil magistrato ; yet, upon serious consideration, we humbly concsive that the children of notorious trajtors, robels, and ‘murderers, espectally of such as have been principal leadera and sctors in such horrid villanies, snd that against a whole nation, yea, the whole Tersel of God: may be involved in the guilt of their parents, and ‘may, salca republica, be adjudged to desth, s to us seems evident by the Scripture. instances of Saul, Achan, Haman, the children of whom were qut off by thosword of Justice for the transgressions of their The Ten Commandments are travestied in this way, as well a8 the Catechism. Hero is the Labor- ers’ Third Commandment ; * Thoushalt not take my name in vain, nor speak disrespestfully of my ways, for I am on the Bench of Magistrates, and will bring down the law upon by hesd, and by imprisonment with hard Iabor satisfy my vongeanco at the expenes of the country; there- fore take heed, lest yo break my Command- ‘ments.” The other Commandmonts are parodied in a bimilar way. The eircnlation of such docu- menta among an ignorant mass, who may be ‘made to bolieve that the cause of the inequality between themscives and their masters is due to the will of tho Iatter, and that they need only to rebel against the present order of things to bo tho equals in fortuno of their employers, is a most mischievous proceeding. Fortunately, the English farm-laborer is not made of the most inflammable material. Bach idoas, however, do in tho long run work their way even into the most atolid minds, In thar endeavors to smeliorato the condition of the laborers, it is to be feared that the National Agricnlcaral Laborers' Univn will do much to prepare the way for an English Commuae. DEUTERONOMY. ‘We printed last Monday a sermon preached on the day previous by the Ray. Dr. Adler, a: the Wabateh Avenue Jowish Synagogue, on the sub- joct of the imprecations, or denuncistory curses, which form so largo a part of the code of tho 01d Testament. Whatover waa distasteful was carsed, and whoever opposed the Israelites was condemned 23 an enemy of God and of Israel, and cursed accordingly. In the history of no portion of the Colonial settlements of thia coun- try does this imprecatory spirit of the Old Tes- tament 80 strongly appear as in that of Massa- chusetts, both in the records of Plymouth Colony and 1n that of Massachusetts Bay. It may seem strange to many, but it is never- theless true, that slavery was firat established in Aagsachusetts by tho enslavement of Indien prisoners of wer, and that this practics was ap- proved and justifid by a citation from Denter- onomy. Indian slavery became s system in Massachusetts immediately rfter the beginning of tho war with the Pequods. As early as 1637, Doger Williams, writing from Rhode Taland to John Winthrop, appeals in belialf of theIndians that they bs treated lindly. Hessks that one of the prisoners be given to him to be broughs up. InSeptember, 1637, he writea: */6ir, Concerning captives (pardon my wonted boldness) the Seripture la fall of mystary, aad the O} Tests- mend of i5pes. It they have desureed dosth Ua paronts, although, concerning some of thono children, it be manlfest that they ware not capabla of boing co- actors thereln. Bigned, BAMUEL AnxoLp, Jous Corox, The Rev. Incraase 3ather exprosses this opinion on the same question : If 1t hed not been out of my mind, when T was writing T should have eaid something about Philip's son. It fa pecessary that some efectusl course bo taken about him, He makes me think of Hadad, who was a little child when his father (the Chief Sachem of the Edomites) was killed by Joab; and had not others fled awny with him, I sm apt o think that David would have taken s course that Haded should never have proved a scourge to the next generation. A Tov, Mr. Ecith opposed this view of the case, and, while admitting & difficalty in Psalm 187:8-9, relied ‘on the Iaw of Deut. 24:16, and tho example of Amasias, 2 Chron., 25:4. The declsion was finally made that the boy and his mother be sold as slaves in the West Indies, and this was their dismal fate. Ono of the most useful and painstaking com- pilations ever produced in this “country is ¢ Moore's History of Slavery in Massachusetts,” from the pages of which the foregoing citations sramade. All through this work we perceive how literal an intorpretation was pat on the Old Teatament by our forefathers, and how great a wrong it was possible for them to commit while thinking that they were doing God service. THE ARMIES OF EUROPE, Welive inanersof peaceand good will to- ward men which is vory resssuring. Arbitra- tion has taken the place of a call to arms, in the- ory, if not in practice. Meanwnile, to provide sgainat any miscelculstion as to the arrival of the millennium, the European Powers aro strengthening thomselves, and comparing mili- tar- systems, The standing army of Gormany ia 401,659 men, apd the yearly levy of recrnits 145,000 men ; of France 442,000, with a yearly levy of 150,000 men ; of Bussia 720,000 men, and s mazimum lavy of 150,000 more. Tho standing armies of Austria and Italy are respectively 256, 900 and 158,000 men, with available contingents of 80,000 and 60,000. “Hore, then, are 1,563,- 000 men of four nations ready to cut one an- other’s throats to order, and 485,000 resdy to take their places every year. Overtwo millions of men merely waiting an opportunity to enni- bilate esch other for glory, while the stupid world is talking sbout beating swords into plow- shares and spears into praning-hooks, snd try- ing to convince itself that the time has now come for the establishment of the new Jarusa- lom. In fact, Mr, Disraeli’s announcement that ' {he groxt otdila of ias world " e akiartly to co make the maguificent donation which will giva the Far West the best apparatus in existence. He is now some 80 vears old, snd has conse- quently not long to live. His eccentricities, un- like thore of most remarkable men of the day, could be imitated pretty widely without injury to saciety. A suicide occurred recently in Vienns which Is in strong contrast to the frivolity of motive which prompts the average Parisian to make his qufdtusin & novel and eminently sansational manner. Three Iadies—s motber, and fws daughters—occupying apartments at the Kammat Hotel, retirod from the breakfast-table to their rooms. A few moments later three shots wers heard and the door of their bedroom was instant- Iy broken open. The three women lsy quite dead on the floor, each with a pistol in her hand sad a bullet 1 her brain. They were subsequently recognized as the family of a Hungarian tradesman who had been sud- denly reduced to absolute baggary by the e financio) orisis. It was found that all their jow elry and extra clothing bad been sold or pawnsd, and that 47 kroutzers, less than a quarterafs dollar, was all they possessed. It was absoluld want which drove them to the terribly-dramtit resource. The motive was far too serious ¥ have caused a Frenchman to commit suicide. D would have stimulated his ingenuity instesdol depressing him. Moncure D. Conway, writing to the Cinsin- siati Commercial from London, gossips pleas antly on current topics in the literary world Among other things, he praises s romance writ- ten by Joseph Hatton, formerly editor of the Gentleman’s Zfagazine. The suthor, it s elaim- ed, has chosen the *unappreciated poet,” Jos quin Miller, s = leading charactor in his wort. The part sustained by Mr..Miller, under the pame of Calmat, is that of a heavy villsin. It this is » pleasant way of losin ing the partiality of the Unappreciated for the ideas of more Wealthy wnters, it mustbt conceded that the author bas s fairor eatimsteof 3r. Miller's genius than the Eoglish reviswst who praised him into the serene self-importanct which distinguishes his st5lo. —_——————— Fire-Doctoring. A writer on Moorish life says: *In Fex v fire-doctors, who sit 1 the stroet which joint the Old Town to the New Town. Before them thoy have an iron pot, with & grate, on which 2 firo is burning. A little basket with cbarcosl I8 on one side, and & goatskin bellows. A patient appesrs; he has perhapa slept ont of doors i3 the rain, is ill in consequonce, and supposesthst hehss been hewitched. He presents before the famous fire-doctor Si-Edris, s maa the more famous becausg hafs s Thaleb—thsl is, hie can read—ss & proof of which thici fallo Tios beside him. The doctor does not resd ! wall—no better In fact than a child of 6, althong he s 60: but, on the other hand, it is not & boak that is very difficult to read, for from begionisg to end it s only one sentence over andover “There is no god but again, , Woammmed s Hiz messeogor.’ I 60 mesntimo, he bss worked the £0 with bia bellows to a glow, and mids white-hot several iron rods abomt foat long, and with wondrous knoba and hotks at the end. The sick man lies down on bis fm and draws up his clothes from his back; pasgers-by collect into a crowd; the doc draa a tod-hot iron from the fire, and ssyisg: “In the name of God," passea it with great doy liberation here and there over the back s loing, 80 that 1t makes a hissing noise, m;'n emell of burat flesh aacends into the air. The patient does not utter s ory; he grinds histeett together, ana only the drops of swest upon b foretiead betray the pain he undergoei. operation being over, ho liea for somo HZS upon the ground, as if in s fainting atste; spectatars pass their beads through their Angers and praise God and Mohammed. ~Presently man turns his head and says, ¢Bi-Edni, B Edris!’ *What do you want?’ *Anotber 818 *Then give me my due,’ replies the doctor. patient produces % mosons (abont the for pert of » groschen) from a fold of his dnl-h:y_ and the operation is repewed. Bi-Edris 8 wagys baid 1n advance, aud will never permit disputing as to his fee.” 1o the memory of Diafaon, the frsh rekidant of fhe Oalafs ( e 5