Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, July 12, 1874, Page 10

L e A THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JU 1874, ST DRUGS. Is There Any Adulteration -in Those Unpleasant * Articles ? Tho Wholesale Bealers Deny the Correctness of the Popular Impression, There is Now a denernl Yearning for. 2 First-Class Article. A RBetail Dealer Gives Some In- stances of Reductions, How the Purity of Cur Rhubarb is Tampered With. Ipecac is Uncertain, and Seidlitz» Powders Untrustworthy. The Physicians Compelled to Al- low for the Weakness of Drugs. A RBoporter Takes a Prescription to a Number of Drug-Stores, The Prices Yary From 90 Cents to $2.30. And This Tells the Whole Story. TrmE Tereeytlast Saturdsy week devoted a por Yon of its space to the adulteration of tea, coffee, e It continues the subject to-day, investi- gating tho still more important question of the lleged adulteration of drugs. An examination into the eubjectof drugs senzes one to look on the dark sido of life, for, with few exceptions, tho articles that pass from the drug storo to the community at largo go forth to rolieve pain and suffering, and to aveit tho dread destroyer. Each druggist's establish- ment is, therefore, an epitome of the *iils of life.” Ranged around on the shelves, and hid- den awsy in the drawers, and filing the glitter- ing bottles, aro the preparations that all will turn to in their hour of extremity as their best {rends, as their only source of hopo; and, therefore, whan we stand and look at these things, weare viewing, not insensate atoms, but the forces of comfort, hope, charity, and Iove, as real a8 w:e may vee them embodied in form, and we also como into the range of the horo- scope that presages the dismal future and the greut mass of suffering around us. But, while these eolemn things are enforced apon us, there are other suggestions that arise that are more agreeable. Humanity is happily copstructed to look always away from sorrow, else thero would bo littla but & lachrymoso wail continually rising fiom the earth. Even in suffering, in tho aggregate, and when it is not racking ourown selfih frames, thereis sume- thing that is interesting a8 a study and experi- ence, and sometimes almost comicall; and, as therie drugs are looked at, one is almost tempted to Yaugh at tho sugyestion that oue bottle holds empire over & thousand attacks of lnmbago ; a 8tnall bale of plasters represents 144 lame backs, #.nd that small vial of creosote calls up a dozen Tubappy creatures with their aching jaws tied p ad their visages doleful with a pain that is {fun 1¢r others, but death to them. e Tko sense of the comic thus continually tri- umpks over the gloomy survoundings of life. Bat, while this is the case, we arc 2ll azreed that the mitigation of pain is s truly humavitarian aud ono demending conscientious labor, we look upon one who dispenses drugs as hold- ing a position that calls for the most exacting care and incurs tuo largest responsibility. There ie not—and justly so—a grain of sympathy nor 20 iota of forgivenness for the man who makes & mistako. Dealers in drugs occupy a position towards humanity than which none is moro seri- ous or responsible. A patient should have not only the rignt drug, but tho best quality of the right rind of .drug, and any adultcration,” cven if tho articlo mi posed inio the mixtoro is mot dangerous in itself, may yet, by Leiug admiuistered ot that critical moment when life bangs in the balance, &ad the diseaso can only be affectod favorably by ihe medicine rolicd upon, prove to bo the in rect canse of death. A druggist who mixes his | compounds with substances that render them useless, or puts into them anything that is dan- gerous to life, is little better” than a wholcsslo murderer, armed with weapons unseen by others, but all-powerfa) in their destructive forces. But the real deager to the public from dru; gists is from iguorance, rather than from cupi ity or vice. Tortunately, to profession is mal ing great advancement.in intelligenco, and the Téspectable element is enforcing’ such rigid rules as to sbility and education for the work, that Lucksters in drugs must seek the back streets, and respectable physicians ro- fuso to countenance them. AMany of theso emaller £tor¢s manufacture varicus nostrums which sell o an 1gnorant class of customers. Among the Gormans thero is al#o a great do- mand for roots avd herbe, which are made up into favorite drinks for the healtl's sake, or otbers are mads into dyes for dyeing clothing. Lut there are very few retail drug-stores, that are not striving for what is_known as the re- spectable trade, in which happily lies_the most profit. In order {o get into this line it is essen- tinl that pure drugs should be sold. The adepts, before whom the romedies compounded go for inspection, sce fu the results just what they are made of, and whether they aro fresh and good. ‘Their own reputations are staked on the resulte, xud they cannot afford in any genso to foster Izmoraxce, or crimo, in the compounder. On tho contrary, it is directly to their interest to sup- press traffic in adulterated compounds, and 1o point out to public scorn and ufamy the indi- idual who sacrifices life, either from iguoranca or cupidity, whilo practicing in his capacity s ngist. Thus it will be seen that tho morale of tho pro- fession of aiepensing drugs i3 every day wd- vancing. Druggiets, physicians, and chemiste are becoming watchful of each other, and Lave found that the highost reputation, most honor, sud profit lie in the dircction of executing their duty conscientiously. The fact thut it is 4 crims of tho most heinous nature to tiifle with human life, stands continuaily before them 88 an iu- cantiva to do nght, and the fear of discovery and dts results impels them in the kume direction. Tlere is oue attitude in which there s danger, and that is when the physician_himself is iuter- csted 1o the drog-store to which o ecnds his preecuptions. There is .no doubt that many druggists pay doctors o commission to trade with them, and many others own their own ¢rtablishwents, The rules of tho American Pharmacentical Socioty, which is_becoming a populor iustitution, protective in_its purposcs, g:':!‘lux:es any one from membershio who owns & ore or sccepta 3 ychato - or gift in an thiabe from the druggut with whom b custom, eré deal. Of course, it may not be discovered that o doctor does mo, but fow decent physicians ure wiiling o put themselvos 1nto tho poys, are il ut 11 Poyer of 152 drugiist or subject. themselves 1o lis possi —— DR. POWELL, The fitst person called upon was Dr. Eawin Powell, » leading physician in this city, wich whon the following converzation took lase s Reporter—I called, Doztor, to have a talk with you ubout the edultoration of drugs. Dr. Poweil—Well, my opinion is thatdrugs ezre generally adulterated. Reporter—By all druggists? Dr. Powell—No. Eeporter—What class, then, particalarly $ Dr. Powell—Druga lose strength by being kept in the shops for along time, and sach drugzists as haveonly a small trade’ do ot keap as reli- able medicines as those who replenish their stocks often. Reporter—Do_tho majority of the houses renew their stocks frequontly ? Dr. Powell—No; there are only threo or four in'the city who have fresh drugs on haud. # * DRUGS ADULTERATED. Reporter—What drugs are adulterated ? Dr. Powell—Well, palverized opium and pul- verized rbubarb. A Teporier—low are they fixednp? Dr: Powell—With ecorched flour, which Iooks very much like the drug. 5 Tieporter—What effect does it have ? Dr. Povell—It renders ihe drug 1éss officient, and it does not produce the effect desived, aud 1arger doses have to be prescribed. Reporter—What about other drugs ? Dr. Powell—All expensive drugs are not up to the standard roguired by the United States Pharmacopceia. 5 - i nep;n.cr—Do you know how they ere made ower Dr. Powell—Yee,—with inferior articles. TFor instavce, 1 makiog the tinoturo of opium, g or ornde opium is used, becauso it costs less. Reporter—Are its effects injurious ? Dr. Powell—No, but the strength is impaired, 50 thatnov, insiead of preseribing a cereatn doso expecting to get an elfect, the drug is adminis- tered antil the effect is produced. Teporter—That is, you increaso the quantity ? Dr. Powell—Yes. Reporter—It being uncertain when yon give o ption for & certain quantity of & drug that 1t will be put up? Lr, Powell—The amount called for will be put up, bat it wll be deficient in strougth. . TESULTS. Reporter—Have you ever known any serious results to ensue from adulterations ? Dr. Powell—Xo fatal’ results—poisonous ; but 1 Liave frequently known tue drugs mot to pro- duce the etiects desired. Reporter—Do you know of any other adulterat- ed drugs ? Dr. Powell—Well, nearly all (he elixirs made in the East, and sold here, do not contain what they purport to. I do wot know that thev are adulterated, but I do know that they are defoct~ ive. For instance, the Elixir o Calisaya should bo.made from pulverized Cinchoua bark, with the ordinarv aromaties in it ; but, instead of that, quinine, which is_much cheaper and gives less troublo, is used. Severnl nrticlos supposed to contain pepsin, sold in this mnrket, were recently subjected to 8 chemicnl analyeis, and found to contain no pepsin at all, witli one exception, Thatjcan havily bo_calied an adulteration, the drug being entirely absoat. Reporter—I speak of adulterated drugs. Dr. Powell—Wall, it is very difilcalt to get st it. Personaily, I have no knowlodge of tho adulteration of anvdrugs other than those I Lavo mentioned. I have seen thom myself, and Ikuow that other drugs are dofectivo. Reporter—Does the knowledge that ‘drugs lack strength govern physicians m having their preseriptions put up at cortain drug-stores 7 Dr. Powell—Yes; since they know they will bo put up properly by such dragzists. Reporter—Is thiere any waj of finding out how muck drugs are edulterated ? Dr. Powsll—Only by chemical analysis. COURSE OF PIHYSICIANS. Reporter—Are physicians gencrally awaro of the fuct that drugs aro edulterated ? Dr. Powell—I thiuk so. TReporter—And do they prescribe larger quan- tities than they otherwise would to produce an seffact ? Dr. Powell—Yes, it is often done. The dore at tho present day is one-third larger than what would b termed the standard dose ; that is, the one laid down iu the United States Fhar- ‘macopewia ; and it arises from the fact thet wo do not ge the effect desired by the standard dose, or an entire absence of the medicine called for in the prescription. Reporter—Then if all the drugs wers puro rauch smaller quantities would be giveu to pu- ticats ? i Dr. Powell—Yes. Rteporter—edicino would be doled ont in tho howeopatbic way ? Dr. Powell—Homeopathists have no doso. There is 0o comparison between homeopathy aud allopathy in that respoct, since the homeop- athiets £o on tho principle that the greater tus dilution the greater the effect. Heporter—Can you think of anything else with reference to the subject ? THE MODERN SYSTE). Dr. Powell—Well, I donot baliove myzelf that drugs are 28 much adullerated 88 15 gener. supposed; but that they are rather inert—nega- tivein thoir character. The principle no: days is to give medicine unlil the eect is pro- duced, irrespectivo of the dose. Reporter—That arises from the wealnessof the drugs ? Dr. Powell—Tho variable strength of the medicine sold in the shops, Tlo Phintmocopaia lays dowa the dose of tincturs of opium s from ten to fitcen drops. If it wero g0 prepared it would produce a certain effect. But we no longer expect it from that dose, and order 1t re- peated until the effect is ovident. Reporter—How often is it repeated ? _ Dr. Powell—As the medicine varics oxceed- ingly, it may be repeated once or Lwice, or even three imes. TIE REMEDT. Reporter—Is there any remedy for this adul- torative disease ? Dr. Powell —None, except for the physicians to combine, aud patronize only such stores as ara Loown fokeep reliable medicines. But that could hardly be dono, as it would subject patients or their friends to great inconvenience, TRoporter—Tho fact that physicians do recom- mend certain drug-stores hag engondored tho betief tlat they receive commissions on their prascriptious. s that true? Dr. Powell—It is my firm belief_that very few physicians receive commissions. I know of only w0 or threo who do. ‘hey generally send their prescriptions to designated drugaists becanse there is more likelibood of the mixtures being properly prepared, aud tho drugs called for put 1uto them. g TEE WHOLESALE DEALERS’ STORY, Van Schanck, Stevenson & Iteid. The articles in greatest demand at this season of tlio yoor are quinine .and morphine. Any adulteration of these drugs is 8o Gangerous to lito avd beslth, and is so easily detectea, that fow havethe temerity tosttempt to paim off o counterfeit resemblance to tho original. A celebrated firm in New York furnishes the bulic of these articles that are dispensed from the retail etores in this city, and so bigh is their roputation that the brand “P. & W.” is univer- eally received us & guarantee of tho purity of the drug. Morphine is sold at wholesale at $6.75 per ounce, and is rotailed from the storesin one- cighth-ounco vials at $1.25 apieco, showing & profit of £3.25 per ounce. Quinine costs at wholesale §3.75 per ounce and retails at 50 conts a drachm. A small pilo of boxes containing this valuable compound, in size about 4 feet wide and 3 fect high, was shown the reporter in the wholesalo establishment of Van Scaaack, Stevenson & Reid. The bill for this little monument of boluses was §1,500. In aconversation had with the senior partner of this drug house, he said that, owing to the fact that they employed no travel- ers, they had to rely more upon the purity of the articles sold to establish their reputation than upon anything else, and therefore thoy sold nothing but what was absolutely as repro- sented. In roferonce to morphine and quinine, they dealt only in that which was put up by the New York firm alluded to. He knew of nothing in his store that was other than what it pur- ported to be, unless it was tho patent mediciues, and these were sold without recommendation, aud with entire ignorance as to their make-up. PATENT MEDICISES, Reporter—Do you not believe that, for the most part, tho patent wedicines are a awindling contrivauce, gotten up by irresponsible men, with no regard to ansthing but muking money? Ar. Van Schaack—No, Ido not. The demand for them ismade by edvertisiug their hesling properties, and, 08 this is too cxpensive to be kept up, the timo must come when they must rely on their merits to secure a salo. R.—Wio is the largest advertiser of patent mediciues al the preseut time ? Xr. V. S.—Dr. R. V. Piorce, of Buffalo, enjosa that distinction einco Helmbold lef: the field. The Morse Manufacturing Company also do heavy advertizing. Tuis 18aa ivcorporated com- pany, with a large capital. HERBS AND 20OTS. I.—How about berts and roo:s ; are thoy not adulterated ? Mr. —I think not. They aro generally so cheap that it isno object o mix up auytiing elso with them. They sellat 1rom 10 to 75 cents a pound for indigenous Larks and roots, Thoy ure preity near as choap 83 cordwood, you seo. R.—Whero do you get the bulk of your bLerps, T00t3, aud barks from ? Mr. V. 8,—They are ground and put up by the Shakers at New Lebauon. They aro remarkaol$ cletn end pure, just as the Sutkera aro them- ves. - Benjamin Gates, a broad-brimmed old :;x::‘,er. in teir agent. e rely on anything he R.—Then you consider, altogether, that the drags chat aro sold at wholesalo aro protty much what they protend to be Al, V. S.—Yes, I do, most assaredly. Talwan & Kiog, The reporter also called on Tolmin & EKing, doiug a large busimess in the drag lino on Lake street. Mr. King said, also, that thero wero very fow articles nowadays in the drug line that are mixed with inferior compounds. Reporter—I am strprised to liear it, becange a genaral impression provails that drugs are greatly adulterated. Mr. Kivg—Well, that is a great mistake. The ct is, it doos ot pay; and, while am a man ght bo bought it tho consideration were Ingh enough. I would not kill & man for 25 conts. I really would not, i R.—Well, I mast say, sir, that Ilike to soc = man fixa high value onlife. But, joking aside, aro thero really not a great many thiugs that aro impure and dangerous, when they are Iepre- souted otherwise? REFOR IN TIE TRADE. Mr. K.—I soriously betieve The drug ~trado is pot what it used to bo. There is n vory Ligh standard” maintained; and necossarily'so, bevauso the results of drugs are fo easily trace- able. A physician gives a pationt & dose of medicine with the expectation of accomplishing certain results ; if he docs not, he oxaiaines thie modicing, aud, finding it wrong, falls back uvon tho vetailer, who, in turn, comes back to the jobber with bis complamt, and thus we fiud it necossary to deal only with the grinders or man- ufacturers who put up & pure and reliable ar- ticlo. Nov, in tnexe strong drugy, liko worphinie and quining, tho loast morscl is n dose. Itis absurd to thitk that & _druggist can jmposo n counterfuit on any intelligent doctor. A taste of it would couvict hitn of awindling, aud his repu- tation would bs gone, CRREAM OF TARTAR. R.—Baut, for insiance, take rhearticle of cream of tariar (the reporter suddenly remembers the complaint of his landludy relative to this mix- ture), how abdat that ? : Mr. K.—Well, thnv is not a medicine. Cream of tartar sells at 23 ceuts a poundut retail, I aw told, and we soll it in the crystal At wholesale at 42 cents; of course, there must bo a large adul- teration somewhere. There are two grades, by tho way. What we call commercial sells at 23 cents. R.—This is" warranted to bo adulterated, { supposc ? r. K. (laughing)—I guees so. R.=Do you sell patont medicines ? Mr, K.—Of couise, but do nos recommend them. I gucss the most of them are bud. They guaranteo to briny adoad man to life almost, and people beliovs it. I do not know what they are mads of. L Lave oo doubt that some of tiem would. destroy au ivon kettle, but then there are othera that aro staudard medicines. Javue's Arver's, Kenuedy's Discovery, and many otbers aro relisvio wedicives used by physiciaus overy- where. NO ADULTERATION. R.—Then it is a mistzke to suppose that drugs aro adulterated to uux extent? ir. K.—Drugs in the bulx can bo easily lyzed, end becorze familiar to the eye of those who handlo them, 5o that deception is next to impossible. Compounded druzs ure moro eusceptible to adulteration, but, as 1 have said, they are detected, and sout back. If t is anything adulterated to any great extent, it 18 | the compuratively harmless articles that go into the proparation of food. A sp AL INSTANCE. R.—Do you kuow of any instances where wholesalo druggisie have sout ouv a coutor- feir? Mr. K.—I have heard some stories abeuta houso that sent out eeveral bundred pounds of something Lhey callod quinine, but it was uot. I canuot tell you the whole story. It happeued a few weeks 2z0. The reporter, after leaving the store of Tol- man & King, stepped 1uto another establishment and askea the clerk if he knew the facts in the story alluded to. e paid that he did, and that they were gonerally known among druggists. The firm had used the “P. & W." origiual bottles labelled quinine, and bad put into them sowe kind of & bharmless white powder nearly rescin- Lling the drug it pretended to be. Of courso the substitution was_detected, and the stuif scut back. The New York firm whose brand had been used bad tiem put under bonds of 20,000 for damages, avd the other wholesalo drugcists in that city united in an agreement not 10 deal witl the firmi that was gruiley of the fraul. Fuller & Fuller. The reporter uext called upon Fuller & Tuilor, to asceriuin their viows coucerning the udulier- ation of drugs. 1o was courzeously raceived by Mr. Fuller, ud ehown through the larse estal- fisbment. ' In reply to the direct question, Mr. Tuiler said that he knew the improssion exisied | In the public mind that drugs were greacly adul- terated, but IT WAS A THIXG OF TEADITION, and not of fact. People were demanding the Dbest articles of all kinds no The dry gooda store must have the best in its line. So must the tailor, and the bootmuker, and tho artist, aud it all arose from the fact that peaplo were bécoming educated to know these things, They could not sell counterfert trticles ; iz was no use to try. They used to soll lower gradesof drugs, and somo tinst were aduiterated witnout doubt, but they bad no demand but for the best aud purest now. Tuke for instunce WEITE LEAD; they formerly sold large quantities of a cheap grade, but tho demand fell off, and they do not now Keep it in stock at all, and 8o it was in all other things. . teporter—Your business has a very wide ranzo, 1 Leliove Mr. Fuller—Yee. We sell to ehnost every ‘branch of manufacture. R.—Can you give moe some idea of this ? Mr. F.—Certainly. Wo sell, to the iron manu- facturers, borax, muriate of ammonia, and salt— Petro; to thotanners,oil of japomea and alum ; 1o thopaper-makers, soda and bicaching-powder, and colorings of all kinds; to the stunccatters, pumice-stonie ; to the brewers, isinglass; o the sonpmakers, 50da ; totho metal-workers, potash ; to the wool-mills, lard oil and dyes; to'the con- fectioner, tartaric nud cilrio acids, essential oils and colorings, and 50 on. R.—You omitted tho druggists. . 2Ir. cs, we sell them pure drugs, and T iavo every wholesale drug-house in this city does the same to their customers.” The impres- sion is altogether nrong that wo as a class deal in adulterated mixtures. The houses that fur- nish us our chemicalsand compounds stake their reputations on the absolate purity of their goods, ‘Which you will see by the labels as warranted. Finding that thore was a striking unanimity of opinion, to sy tho least, among tho wholcsalo dealers, the reporzer withdrew from this branch of the drug busivess and gave sowe alteution to the retail stores, S WHAT A DRUGGIST SAYS, Dr. James D. Rayuer, of the well-kuown drug firm of Buclt & Rayner, was also subjected to o reportorial cross-oxammnation. Tteporter—Dr. Raynor, will you bo kind onough to tell me what class of druge ars most liable to adulteration or substitution ? Dr. Rayner—That 18 & question that requires some little consideration. Thero ig such an im- mense variety of drugs that I cannot think of them all ina moment. Reporter—Well, then, tell me of those that now oceur to you. ormr. Dr. Riayner—Thers is opiam, for examplo, Tt is very high-priced, and, for that reuson, tho temptation to adultorate or substitute it is much greater than in most other cases. Therefore, we often find it of very inferior quality, much of its medical value baving been percolated from it. It is sometimes desed with stone and lead to sive it false weight. ; l‘wpc;fl.or— "iub 18 dono whero it is shipped, is it not. Dy. Rayner—It must be so. The English have 80 rogulated tlio trads that all bad opiun is re- jeczed when it reaches their ports. Losides, they nave thoir own azentsin China to look ofter their interests, while we deal direct with the producers, and have to fake good aud bad ahko. The trade-markof a first-class Englsh firm is generslly a puaranteo of the genumeness of the drug;. Somie of our own wholesals firms alzo koep & first-class stock, but, from the causes I bave gtated, tuo opimw suipped here from ZLngland is tho best. s, ans complau that prepara- tions irum opium, preseribed ' by thew, are oren found insuficient in #rrengih. > ‘uat is because they neglect to English opium.” Then tho drupist Lnows exactly what is wanted. Otherwice tho clork is very apt o use the first case of opium that may ba at baud. Frensh opiua is also = good quality, becausa the Frauch look after their trade 80 as to preveut chesting. RHUEARE. Renorter—What otuer drugs can you now re- member in this conncetion 7 Dr. Royner—Rhubarb, which is also very cost- Iy ; thatis, the bes:, of Chinese, variets. It is often very much depreciated by mixtire with common_Faricties, in which case ic is elmply wert. Rhubarb powders, manufactared wholo. sale, nre most frequently deficient. The drug, bought in its raw s:ate, can hardiy be_sdalter- ated, and in that way all firsl druggists buy it. Thesame may bs said of ipecad, whidh i & powersul emetic when perfectly pure. *_SEIDLITZ POWDERS. Reporter—People complain a good deal of the valuciessness of Seidlitz powders. They ure often found to be of no uso at all. Dr. Hayner—There is very small profit on Seidlitz powders, and they are often soid at light weight, not fmlf a -dose being placed in " some of them. First-class houses alwaye proparo the papers themselves, putfing a full half-ounce of powder into oach dose. “In that way the powders, if of proper quality, canuot fail to be of service. This thing of improperly eompounding is 8 very frequent vico. Tako, for examplo, oil of sandal-wood. It is. comwmonly -reduced with castor oil, which wéskous its effect. It should bo drawn puro from the wood. This oil has become very valuable, owing to its high medicirial qualities, and is 8o much _souglht afler Dby doctors that the price is quite a figure. 5 CITRATE OF MAGNESIA ) ia vory frequently substicuted by something else. It 18 a combination of magnesa with citric acid. Some druggists nse common Epsom salts and Rochelle salts, especially the latter, which ia_afterward sweotoued aud mixed itk the requisite acid. This is how the effocts of citrato of magnesia are often the revense of those intended, CREAM OF TARTAR. Perhaps it may nstoni<h most people, who use cream of tariar, to know thatit is not unfre- quently compounded of plaster of parié and tar- tartic acid, Imagino your stomaca tilled with comont.” Yet, nothing is more common than this, As to solid extracts, I have to say that henbane, belladonos, and commod daudelion, of the Awmcrican type, are noxt to valucless, The Luglisi: brands are, on the other_hand, absolutely perfect, and when a doctor writes his proseription, ho knows oxactly what'is going into it, aud what its etfect will be. Tlenbane, belladonna, ete., aro used as anodynes to prevent griping whero sirong purgatives hava to be usod.~ They aro deadly poisons, us every- blo;ly knows, when taken in'almost any quantity alone, IN THE MATTER OF CHEMICALS, allsbould have the braud of sume reliable firm. It is in the power of every druggist 10 prove his stock in detail, and he should do it. ‘L'ne diffor- ence in price 1 not a suflicient object to iuduce druggsts to buy an inferior quality. It is more through earalessnass or ignorance than auything clse that they use bad s, PILLS. In the wholesale manulacturo of sugar-conted pills, especially thoss containing quiniue, there is & chance to make ]urfn proiits witlout detec- tion. Each quinine pill is supposed to_contain two graius of that expensive drug. How can anybody tell how much the made-np ** wholesale” pill, coated with sugar, contains? The only way to secure the public against being cliested is to bave every first-class drug store make .up its own pills, and then peoplo will know what they are tuking. Calomel, carclossly made, Lecomes u kwd of corrosive sublimate, and is very dungerous. No medicine — should bo bandled than_ tais. Spirits of nitre, a very usernl medicine, is ofton badly adultérated. It should be very carefully distilled, which, by the way, s frequontly not the case, Nitrous other is goneraliy & micture of | nitric acid, sulphuric ether, etc., in various prop- erties. It is eafe to assart Lat any expousive chemical is, 88 o rule, liablo to reduction. ——— TEE RETAILERS. 5 The haleyou days of retail druggists Lave evi- doutly passed away. Competition has Lecome 8o great in this city, and success is based £0 largely tpon reputation, that the bulk of the trade is finding its way into the handsof a few who have skill a8 chemists, and aro sbove reproach ns honorable dealers. Owing to the fact generally alluded to; that a better class of drugs aro in demand, the profit on them has been materially lessened, and the estublishments bave now to be conducted in a better way. In tlis first placo the FCRNITCRE MUST BE ELEOANT. Then skillful compounders must Le proenred as aswistants, Those drugs that loso their power with age must also be frequently thrown away. The large demand for patent medicines requires the purchaso of stocks that go out of fashion and count in the cost, but nct 1 tho sule, aud oeide from all this the retail druggist is tho slava of tho public, always Tealy at command, at all hours of tho day and night, Sundays aud holidays included. "He is fre- nently ealled up in the night to mix a preserip- tion for which ho geta 25 cents or 50 ! conts, whilo the doctor who sends it gots 3¢ for hisvisit to the patient. Not to go intd the cstimate of the care and responsibility that ara the ‘druggists’ portion, THE FRIGHIFGL DREANS Lio eometimes has of having mistaken arsenic for soda, -or strychnino for Epsom salte, or in the burry of the moment given a bottle of acid totho bald-headed gentleman who catled for hair-dve, it is plain enough that bis bed is not one of roses unnccompaniod by thorns, Far different, for on tho contrary ho vory likely sleops in & dork back room, in an atmosphere of druge, with his head on & carboy of sulphuric acid, a corkscrow in the small of his back, one band in s keg of axle-gicase, and Ins fist gontly melt- ing awayin o tub.of concentraied lye. But aside from these discomforta IS PROFITS are not nearly 80 great as is generally suppos~d, nor a8 muck as tisy used to Do. Manufasturars got reputation for specific things, and almost cvery branch of tho trade 18 thus fakenup. A customer wants such a men's mixtute or com- pound, just as Lo asks for a certain brand of tloar, and Le will have no other; consequently the drug trade within a few years has passed from the hands of the retailérs, who nsed to mix all doses asiced for, into the hands of those who Lave made 8 study of a spceial branch, and have secured the reputation of being *‘standard” in that pnrticular thing. The opportunity for the druggist to adulterate, or charge an exorbitant price, is thus in a great measure cut off, THERE ARE SOME FEW TILINOS, howerver, that are still greatly mixed, or at least Dear that construction on their face, The in- stauco alluded to of cream of tartar being sold at 28 cents a pound, when the wholesale price- list is 42 cents, is ono of these. Anotber thing is PARIS GREEN. Sinco the potato-bug became one of the pests of the farmer, & grest demand has sprung up for thisarticle, which, being spriukled on the plant, 18 caten by tho artless creaturo withous investiga- tion. It being a poison, it kills them. A pure articlo of this drug is worth 75 cents a pound, but 80 remarkable is the generosity of the retail- ors, that it is commouly sold at 25 cents. This is made profitable by sabstituting the salphate of barytes, which costs only 4 centsa pound, or common powdered arsenic, which costs G conta, thus leaving a profit of about 20 cents a pound.’ The potato-bug not bLeing an adept in drugs, does not recognizothat a counterfeit arti- clo 18 imposed upon 1t, but the result is not as satisfactory Lo the farmer. Papper, cinnamon, aad mustard are also adulterated, but can ba bought in the berry and ground at home. There is 00 need to bo clicated in thewo things, ESSENTIAL OILS aro very much adultorated, tho retailers say by the jobbers, and vice versa, These are vory high ‘in price, and admit the mixture of delete- rious compounds with little chauce of detection. The oil of bitter almonds is sold at wholesale at 85 ccnts an ouuce, camomile brings $3 an 2,25, $4.50, and ounco, cinuamon roso othera in proportion. = The different oils are adulterated with alcoliol, turpentine, castor oil, cotton-seed oil, aud other baser com- pounds. ‘They are not in popular domand, how-~ over, but are used to give body to other propa- rations. Cologne is made of all gnalizies, and sold at any price. It is simply deodorized aleo- hol, and the prico ropresonts the quality of ths oil \wuich gives it its perfumo. POWDERED OPITH is_enother article which is compounded with other substances, and sold for thopure quill. A puro article from abrona is almost uuknown, and most of the firsi-class druggists, being awars of this, drag the gum themselves and pulver- izo it, L-WATERS are generally not whatilioy prelend tobe, though tbe notion prevails to somo exteut th: they are brought from tho springs. Ki sivgen, Vichy, and other forewm waters are manufactured in the basoment of the retail stores, The salts sre imported from En- gland trom firms that have a world-wide repata- tion for distiliing thew. When it 18 deaired to 1make up a stock—and this is done every day by ihe larger re:ail stores—the analysis of the dif- ferent salts {n the origiual sprinz is mado, and the druggist mixes them as near this formula s be can. He then 2dls water, and the Kissingen or Vichy is ready for those who have tho courage to drivk. SODA. _This is the only country that enjoys the dis- tinction of drinking sedi-water, or, in other words, ce-water into vhich is forsed from gen- erators, carbouic acid gas. Thero was an offort mado somo time #go by an enterprisin: Yankeo to iutroduca it to the Parisians, but the Frenchmen dishked its sharp tasts and tho gaseous resis, aud 1 did not Hnd much favor. . Io fact, there scem to Le 0o peuple wio aro willing to ‘under- take the experiments with the stomachs that the Americans do with theirs, and, besides this, i o country where wines are cheap and pure ticre is i au iron railing, some timo in the first George's 0o room for sn actificial rival, Soda-watsr would not be decmed agrogablo if it wera not for the introdaction of tho sirups of fruits. With o this addition it is beyood doudbt national eummer-drink, sad s used to 8 greater ~ extent than any other. There is nothing harmful in soda-water, pro ed it is not made up of daloterious compounds ; but in thirst-quencling qualitica it doosnot com- pare with our pure lake water. Tho primo item of expenso about tho stufl is tho eirup. Gonuine fruit siraps aro very expensive, and are usod ina ura state in very few establishments. Straw- Eerry, raspberry, clerry, quince. and other es- sences aro sold at wholcsale as high as $1.50 per bottle, which holds 4 pint and a half. Thescare not altogether pure, but are not reduced with anything that is harmful to health. Such soda~ water as is sold in the first-class retail stores at 10 cents & glosd is gonerally pare. Ono can f2al worally certain of getting an extract the base of which is fusil oil, made from acetic, sulphuric, or other ethers, at_tbe littlo concerns which re- tail soda-watar st 5 conts per glass or less, Some of the druzgists make their own_sirups from such fruits es aro indigenous to tlus cli- mate, but in such casea the fino fl'uif.y flavor is lacking. Itisa weak compound. Such fruits a8 we havo aro mild to the taste, and do not give the tono that is desired. Whon ono got3 tho water strongly impregnazed with the flavor he may rest assured that he lias taken that within him which, while it may be tomporarily satisfastory, will ultimately disturb the happi- ness of his inwards. 4 L1QUons of all kinds are adulterated zad * strotched " by the druggists. Braundy or wine of a fine old 85e is made to accept & new relation by the im- position_of the same article of a later vin- tazo, It is eclmost impossible to detect the differenco in this case, and the bottler thus makes & nice profit without adding to any one's msery. The commou mode of stretching whisky is by the addition of proof spirits or diluto alcohol. In this manner tho bouquet of £lie fine old Irish nrticlo is_rotainod, whilo the per cent of proof is not losscned in tho loast. No oue but a man rigiat from the stills of Bour- bon Couuty czu tell tho article thus foisted upon a suffening community from the genuine jaice ofcorn. T Tt B A.PRACTICAL TEST. TFor the purpose of leaming the variations in the prico for s proseription, calling, among others, for an expensive drug, a reporter was directed to obtain such an oue us would insure a fair test, and ‘was handed tho following by a Ppromivent physician:’ Quintw sulphatis, Acid sulph, arom. Byr. nurantil cout Tu this prescription quintne is the principal in- grediont, and & drag which costs much mouey. It is worth $4 an ounce, but an ;* ounce " rarely contains moro than from 400 to 430 grains, boing put up *‘ehort.” The prescriptiou price is 135 ceuts a prairf, though somo druggists charge 2 cents. The reportor called at first, second, and third class drug stores, and asked what wonld be charged for the prescription. At one shop tho clork aid 50 cents and the employer §13 at avotber, ¥1 was demanded; =t snother, $L50; another, $1.75; at thrco, 92; and, at one, $2.30. The druggist who gavo the latter prico #aid ho could put up the prescripion for 2150, but the figure he had wontioned was the ** regular proscrivtion price.” He could not sea bow the mixture could be prepared for 81, sinco the " P. & W.” quinine alono cost nearly that mich. One of two thmgs was proven by tho inquires: eithor somo druggists mako a cat- throat profit on their medicines, or many in the trade sell stuff which is injurious ratber than belpful to sici peojile. -+ SAMUEL. & Yonung Sam was the cream of a jolly good fellow; Hiw heart was corzectiy lovated and warm ; in eye it wan clear, and Lis voice full and mellow; Ais cheek it was ruddy, and manly his foria. s friends being true, and well nigh without num- by er, o drank Iate at night, liko all cheerful young men; Aud, when he weat bome, calm und siveet wad his lamber, And seidom he roso from his coach until ten. Norw. hiad Sam been allowed to go on with kis pleasure, ing with Lis friends, 28 3 geutieman stonld, To retite when be pleased, and et 0y at bis lasare, cd would, no doubt, Lave been ol well and good, But one day they got him to church, where the preacher ¥ iy out late, and of feasting the crestura. And lying in bed the best part of oue’s timo Tie vowed that the oaly suro way into Heavea Was ever by nine to be szoring in bed; To get up at tive, und then wak niil seven Azd Sorpture e quoted i0 prove what ba said, Tato Sam thers came vislons of epiritual arvon,— H ot brimstone Le sceined in the fuiura to smell And ze swore he would heed tho advice of £ parson,— Deplorably weak in our friend Sam-p-cll He placod himsalf under o Lard courso of training, Retiring cach evening soon after dark; Whilst mora after morn, whether sainfng or raining, Found poor, snceziug Samuel up with tuo lark. is appetito grow simply fearful. At dinner, His landlady vowed, ke would gobble for two ; And yet duy by duy be grew thinnsr and thinner,— ‘His oyo Locamo sunken, bis nose became blua, At ast he fell 1ll, and they ealled o physician, Who, after inspecting his torgue, i grave terms Pronounced Lim to be inz woful condiiion : “In fact,” exid Lo, shoking his head, “he's got wouri I They dosed him with plyeic of Bt Sam wae, alin? faF bex 0 alil e dued, and the worms d:a Lis Lody uiicrit, Aud sidly tho kind doctor sent in i bill, aronsr. Young men and young wouwen, give heed to my warn- ng : Of dircful disease do not scatter the germa:; Retire late at niyht, and rise late in tho 1orning,— Xemewbar, * The carly Lird catcheti the worims I CoLLIN Rivex, EEI DI iy Leicester Squary Fromy tne St. Lowis Repubtican, This smull London enclosure, the reopening iu 1ts improved condition, Las beca desmed of sufiicient importance to announce by cable, has been loug famons in a small way. Leicester Square probably contains an ares sus- cepubleof ornamcutal cultivation, within tie houses, of about five acres. It is in the hoart of Loudon's Lfe, Ixing betieen the Haymarket and Piceadilly on’tho west, Long Acte and Co- veot Garden oo tho east, Trafalgar Square and Charing Cross on the _south, and that labyrintn of streots which lead to tho grand artory of Oxford street on the north. It is not within 2 miles of the present centre of fashion, but it is the centre of a densely populated quarter_ thar once was the home of the giaud dames and beaux, when the Mulberry Garden aud Ranelagh were the resorts of the cc- centric Lady Mary Wortlev Montagne, Horace ‘Walpole, the beautiful Gunaings, aud that com- paoy that sct the inferior world to staring as thoy compounded punches in the gardens at 2 in the morning. Leicester Squara was otiginal- 1y Iaid ont as an inclosure of greon-sward within reign, and until within & fow years au oquestrian stutue of one of that famous quartette—proba- bly tio second—stood in tho centre, the dorision of the artists of Punch, anda rogular * cock- sliy” for the gamins, who liked nothing so_woll ay burling stoues at the bronzo Guolph and his long-tailed Flomish charger. About twenty years ago Leicestar Square be- gan visibly to shab and grow awfully seedy. The periodical revolutions of France caused thou- sauds of Freachmen to ly to England for sanc- tuary. Leicester Square bocamo ths centre of the French colony. It was withinn few yards of oneof the main avenues of Loudon, and yeb a8 is strangcly charactoristic of thut immense aty, tha_square whs in a messure isolated and quniet and dismal. The enclosuro or squaro prop- or—for thero was a broad paved carriago-way aroand it—gradually becamo neglocted ; tha irou feuce fell away, wes broken, stolon, carried olff ; the unwashed million rusbied in, took pos- session, killed the grass, the trecs; broke off the Tlemish charger's fail ; took unwarrantable lib- erties with the divine right of Kings by breaking the Guolph's nose, and in hort, by every possi- ble known and unknown means, convorting the old-faghioned square into_a very scab and eye- sore of tho metropolis. Siill nobody could do anything with it. The parieh would do_notluug to keep it in order, and so it weus on from ba, tos barely possible worse, tho French still clingiug to it, howevar, with ' fdelity natil a pri- vate individual came to tho rescuo, got the right peoplo interested, and pow Leicoster Square is sai to be an ormamental featuro of London. George aud his old charger are goe, and in their places 8 pleasant fountain with ebrubs, flowers, and soats, order, and decorum. Now, Hogarth aud ' Sir Jostua Rormoldi, and - the wits and gallants of Savillo honse, all of whom lived 1n Letcester Suaro, may rovisit the glimpses of the moon if they wish; and thoy can Lring with them tho spirits of old Suta Johnson, Bozzy, the Thrales, litle Davy Garrick, Burko, Gear old Nol from under his slab in tao T2mplo, Sic George Lisaumont, aud men of that set, which led tho world of lottera and ars by tho noso a hundred years ago. Leicester Squaro from being a bowling and disroputabie wilde~- ness, baa bocome a spot of green, whera the sun may smile upon tho poor sud give them & hope FISH. The Varions Kinds that Find Their Way to This Market, Haunts of Trout and Whitefish--- How They are Caught. Varicties of Selt-Water Fish Brought Here. Thoe Prices and Quality. The business of fishing is carried on very ex- tenzively io the Upper Lakes and in the imme- diate vicinity of Chicago, For a fresh-waier lnke of tho dimensions of Lake Michigan, it yiclda very few kinds of fish, but such asaro caught are of excellent quality, perhaps not as fine of flavor as the most delicato of the salt~ water fishes, but nearly so, the difference being ond which the epicure alone will notice. THE PRINCIPAL FISU CAUGHT— and they are caught in great numbors—are the ake trout and the whitefish., ‘Theso are caught altogether with scines, the prin- cipal fishing grounds being located at Mackinaw and Escanaba; but the fresh fish that come iuto thia market for sale are mnearly all caught at Ssugatuck, Grand' Haven, Racine, Kenogha, Muskegon, and off the Calumet. The fish that are caught at the first-named places go to Eastern ports, or are szlted and packed for the goneral trade. THE TROUT AND WIITEFISI are both 80 well known that a description of thoir appearance is needless. Their habits are exceedingly migratory. They scem to roam about from ono portion of the lnke to the other, but choosing the upper regions, where the water is cooler during tho summer geason. Tho whitefish seldom swim alone, but go in schools. The ‘trout also run with them, and in like manner, but are often seen and caught alone. Thoy can be caught in decp and cool water, m front of tho city aud cleewhere, aialmostany tume, with & trolhng line, but, for some reazon, the white-fish never Lites at the hook. There are very few of either kind, Eowever, that arc caught by band, as they are botn ex- ceedingly tuid and alert fish, Thoy ave mostiy caugat with 3 GILL NETS, which is a pecalins device for smaring them. Glbey are made of the orditars notiug, with meshes of a size to leb the small fish through. “I'ie larger fish wsually run their hezds through the spaces, and then, perceivicg their danger, attempt to ‘beek out, and, tueir gills beinyg open, they are {fastened . securely, with- out power to move in either diraction, their strugglés only gerving to fasten them tighter, aud they soon die. This is the great objection to gili-caught tish, Tor they frequently Tie’dead for twenty-four bours beforo bemg re- moved by the fishermen, who ouly tukes up his ucts oucea day, or even seldomer. Thé gill net is from £106 feet in width, with Lesvy smbors attached to the lower side to keep it weil down to the bottom, and tioats about to Bold it in an upright position. Their usual lexgih is from 4 to 6 miles, though there are some used that estend into the lake from the sbore as much as 20 miles. Tho shore end is usually marked by o pole or stake, tpon which the colors of the fisherman owning the uets are sct. Anotier kind of net used is TUE POGND NET, which is similar, except that the meshes are ter, aad do pot allow the fish to eutorinio them. - A peculiar thing about the fish is, that when it strikes this obstruczion, instead of turning Lack or attempting to puss under or over ir, it feels its wey with its nose ouswardly, bobbiug along until it comes to the outwar edge of tho meitiug. At tius point the pet is wade like a large Lasin, with » funnel-shaped eutrance, into which the fish finds its way and 18 cuged. ‘Tuese busins are from 10 to 20 foet i diameter, and the fisherman frequently fuds a8 wany a3 five or six barrels of fish waitiug to Le reloesed. GATUERING THE CROP. ‘The writer at one time went out with the fish- crmen at Carp_River, which is near Mackinaw, 10 see thew collect the fish which had bzen ceught in their pound net the night previous, Tho start wes made at 2dout 4 o'clock one morn- mirds, codfish zre ot caneht in balls as gary in restaurants. They ara caughi on the £y however. There has boen very Littly dsens for tho fresh fish. and it is not kept escapt for short scason. To in a largs, it ity eort graived, Lot nutnitions and palatasle, et grocers keep it in 8 cared condition, o fo celldis, or bick ooms, whith zochupte it strangers thinking that there must ba 3 tagy, O somerhero nesr. ' It i only the cdororsgegis] gently falling to docas. Tiaora is very gy 5 mand for the fresh article ; but, a4 it basgr, better known, it will increase, ! THE SHAD. is 8 great favorito in the Eastern States, not Known so much out here. _ Tieze is aal difiicuity about tue shad, and that is, that 10 full of boues. ' Tbo meat, Lowever, s perfuss delicious, fie, juicy, and rich in’ favor. pel iaps ono reason of its excollencd is asanmcy for by the faot that it is only catght for 5 gpe season. It commences to run up the frech, water streams early in tho spring, asq Lo Juno it disappoars, having spaened 't inighor wators to go back to the sea, Of poriet there are none of the tish now in market, h::x'fl the season they command a high price, * ¢ 1 i this market to 3 o aro sold in this market to a conside but like tho other salt-water fish '3,?;‘; e consumption. They ares very peculiar Joghd fish, being black on'one_side, and whits on thy othior. As thetr namo indicatos, they ara wise and round insbape. On_ the Iower sigy oo Liavo 00 e50, and they swim obliguely theee] the water with the black side turned npnn]:.?h an angle of 45 dogrecs. Thoy run into the foges water basa and stréams from the ocean, ang to bo caught at any time during the opeg yer? hiey aro usually fried. Tho prica for g is 10 to 20 cents a pound. Among tho fish that havo guined thy yiges popularty is the 4 CALIFORNIA BALMOYX, & beautifal game fish which is caught in s, Sucramento Tiver. Since the opoulug of (. Pacific Road, & fish-dealer of this city liss gstar: lished a wido market for this delicata fih ] over the East, and m the principal cities Fest. 1t ia = species of the ordinary salmon, but wiy & finer flavor and grain to tho meat, which isof a beautiful reddish cotor. It is ot to ba canghs with the hook, as it tars itsclf from it beforg being drawn'to tho surfece. Careful fshor men” sometimes gccure it by following it g long way, ‘until it tires out; but ordinarly it i canght with the seine. The Eastern which nearly resembles it, i6 now caught In thy Atlantic, and is sold in this market. The salmeg coutains very few Lones, and is excallent esting, The Califorpis salmon retails in this markes i £rom 40 0 50 cents a pound. THE BLUE FISH, which i stmiliar in sizo and of comethiog of tks same appoarance s our lnke tront, except thst its scales have & dark, blueish tinge, is caught in New York Bay and other bays oo the Atintd Coast. It is considered very fine eating by thoas who know, and is a great favorite in the East. It i sold here niore than any other fresh fish, except Balibut, snd our own Iakeflsh. At the presont tima izis plentiful in the market, and can be bought 23 low as 12 ceuts a pound. The price varies from this to 30 cents, according to the quantity on hard and its scareity in the Eastern markets, THE BLACE BEA-BASS . ie also an excellent fish, game to the last, and, like mext game fish, a delicious article of food. Itis of the same shape as our river bass, bub longer and larger, with 8 jaw of great strength, and a look of etubbornness abont it that tells itg characteristics plainly, The flavor of the mea? ia unlike fresh-water basgs. It is in moderate de- mand, and sells in the spring and fall, when it is eeasouzble, at from 20 to 30 cents a pound. * BIOOK TROUT ar0 now, and have been for two months past, coming into this market. They are canghs in Minuesots, and st_Marquette, Escanaba, and Grand Traverse. There id excellent fishing for brook trout inland from the latter place, which can be reached in & day or two by the packet thaf leaves somi-weokly from Hannah, Ley & Caf dock. They aro brought here packed in ie( from those various poiuts, and find & ready man Let at frm 50 to 75centd s pound. Brook tronk ere too well known to need description. They are justly classod amoug the highest of the flag flavored fishes, aud are the peculiar delight of the epicure. TOE WEAR FISE - is a long, sinuous fish of the herring tribe. Itis not much known hers, but can'ba procared ab the best markets at the present time. It is fey in qualicy, bat is not catepmed a great delicacy, It brings fiom 15 to 20 cent« s pound. . MISCELLANEOTS. Porgies and striped bass can also be bought st this purticular season. They are great favoritea with some. Smelts ara ‘& very popular edible, eupecially with the Gormaus. ~ T'hey are & very small, boncless fieh, something ke an elons guted miunow, bat still more like n miniaturo eel. They are caught in shoals in the bay near Boston, and at other points on the At jantic. | They do not sappear in the market until” after frost, when they sell ing 1n July, just as the gray dawn was txeah:g tue eastern eky, The cool vapor whith spre: over the surface of the water Lad not set Lifted, bus as tho party ealed out the sun roso in_ brilliant splondor, snd soon dis- pelled the mists, leaving the lake glitter- g ucder its rays Lke burnished gold. ‘Lie air, which in this lautude eeldom Leats above the eighties, was balmy and invigoratiog, avd the islauus that lay off the maiulind on the opposite side of the straits showed dark green agunst the crimson eky. Altogether, the sceno was one which would 1nspire a poet or romaucist to glowing thoughts of the beautics and delights of Nature, The Pound was reached after an hour's steady rowing, aud much to the dclight of the flshi man, 1t was found to be full to overilowing with a mass of trout and whitetish, varsing in lengih from 1 to 3 feet. In getting theso out the fisherman] used 3 large wiro dipper, about the Eizo of & wooden pail, uttached to which was a long handle. With this ivstrument they rapidly scooped out threo bar- rels of the fish *ail alive,” throwing away the itle ones for luck. The net fishing is wostly done in April and May, and_September and October, bave lately introduced steam “tugs a: Grand Haven and Miiwaukee {o take up the fish from the nets. Of those two kinds of 1ish, the white~ fish is considered the best eating. Itis rather richer 1n flavor than the trout, though the dir- ference is very slight. They both sell in this market at retail, all the year round, for from 6 to 9 cents & pound, “They are_not only cheap, but are firm in flesh, with fow bones aud sweet and wholesomo meat. SALT-WATER FISH. During thepast fow years o great demand bas sprapg up for ealt-wuter fish. Enstern peoplo who bave moved to this city have bronght wih them all their remombrances of tho luscious shad, fresh mackerel, and blue fish, upon which their young molars first found use. Their appetites ive only become sharpened by long deprivation, and they have hungered after their native delicacics with o _power of appetite that wonld not be denied. Out of tius feeling grovw the demand that now exists for the salt- water fish. They are yet comparatively unknown iu tho country, and tha only sale for them is to city folks, who know the difference in flavor beiwecn a sucker and a sardino. If there ia any one tlung that ia calculated to muke a man forget tho rude cares of this wicked world, it is to tind & mice slice of roiled shad dotoe to a turn, with a flake of Jomoun rest- ing gently upon it, lying wrapped in delicious odors upon his breakfast-plate. If he does not then realize that tha fine appetitos are near akin to the spiritual feelings, he should tell his pastor, and let him pray for him. Otherwise he i3 lost. The flavor of the fish brought from the galt waters I8 too indefinite and delicate to admit of aunlysis except when they are stale, but those who are accustomed to them easily recognizo their duference from fresh water fish. THE VARIOUS KINDS SOLD A claecification of the various kiuds for gale in season at the best fish markets in Chicago will, no douht,&;nve of interest. Probably, taking the year through, thero is more balibut sold than any otber fresh tish brought here from tho seaboard. TLis is a large, fiat fish, white on one side, and slate-colored on the reverse. They weigh all the way from 20 to 500 pounds. Thero areno bones in the balibut, except tho back- bove, It isusually cat up aad sold in steaks at from 15 to 30 cents s pound. Chunks are also sold for boiling. Tue meat is very nico and fine- grainod for 80 large a fish, but tho flavor is not really fine compared with someof the smaller fish, It can be had in the morkets at any time during the year, or can be bought smokod and cured. L UACKEREL. Thera sre two grades of mackerel, the ordinary and the Spanish mackerel. The lafter is larger and Landsomer than the ordinary, and is caught in & particular bay 1o the Guif Stream. It sells at from 15 to 30 cents a pound in this market, whiie the so-called ordinary brings the samo price forn tish of 2or 3 pounds weight. Tho teason for these fizh i8 frum Aprl to Aagust, when they run to deep water, aud become scazce. They are caught in kchools by book and net, the fisting for them sometimes last- ing only an hour or two. They do not run into the fresh-water streams at all, but deposit their spasn in the sa't-water bays. They are very sweet and delicious eating, but are wostly used in tho West in o salted condi- tion, which depriver thom of their fiue flavor. cap. . Contrary to the belief that possesses some well at from 20 to 30 cents a pound. Soft-shel! orabs are mow young and sweet, and can by bought in the market at from €1.50 to $2.50 pag dozen. They are considered rare delicacy, b bave an unhappy faculty of coming to life agais when mixed with miik, sud somo other thingf thet peoplo take regularly without thinking They go 8 great deal of thinking after ao expee rience of this kind, and supplement it frequent], with forcitle talking. Lobsters, clams, su oysters can also be bought, but are not favorites 8% this season of tha year. Salt-water eels can now be had, and are much liked by people familiar with thom from chiid- hood. Othors consider their appearance againgd them. They zre bouoless and ugly, and weigh from onc-fourth of & pound to & poun Thoy ara very delicate eating. howerer, and ara Lighly esteomed by good judges of what ig nico, They are bronght to this market with their hesds cut off, and alrondy skinned, and will sell at fron 15t030 cents a pound. There bavo been s few eols canght at this harbor, probably a dozes within 8s many years. A senseloss superstitios connects them with the snake tribe, but this i eutirely withont foundation. THE FISH BUSINESS is only in its infancy in this State. When th( population becomes denser, and the finny tribet becomo scarce, thero will undoubtedly besys- tematio plans introducod for the propagation of fish. The expenments at Rockford and else: where have proved that brook trout can ba raised in great quantitize, and make a remuners- tivo and sgreeable branch of business to thoss who undertako it. Tho salmon would undoubt- edly thrive in_the waters of Lake mchmu would many other fish nativo to this clmate, but which have, for some cause or other, nevet found their way into the lake. VWith the merits of salt-water fish the publis at large are very little acquainted, Itisa come mon thing for & fish-dealer to_be asked how & cortain fish is to bo cooked. There s li.tlo or 00 demand in this market from ‘outside towns fof freshi salt-water fish. The lake tront and white- fish, bowever, have a large sale, cspecially oo Thursdays, in anticipation of the demand of Fri» day. This i the groat day in tho fish business, snd, though it does not rival Billingsgate, the Cbicrgo hsh market is o very active piaceod that day. - “HE IS NOT DEAD, BUT SLEEPETH" Ah, God! to feel theo onee mors oling. o lips and breast, a-mothonug ! Trush ! step softly lest his slecp Be disturbed. Nay, do not ween Sobbing forth, with anguish vain, it 00 eartuly nolse or pain Now can make the dropt lids rise, Or troublo blue, untroubled eyes. Yhat wns that 7 What word was sald § That ** The little one s dead "2 An? thoy cannot make my heart In that cruel thought take part ! There 18 0o such thing ua death § True, the milky baby-breath Left its prison, fiying far Past the Lighest crowning sta,r— ¥iying swilt, "l caught and Lressed O:i the dear God’s loving breat ; There, within that happy bome, Little Tect may freely roam. Oh, my darling ! though I mis Iaby-tonch and baby-kiss,— Tuough the aching mother's hert Lioue itself with sob and start,— Reacuing through all space, all sonnde= Clinging to one little mound,— sakorejoica! H:d Lie efaid, there must inve bead Teurs of anguisn, taints of ein; Nyw, whatever Time mag do, 1le 13 safe the ages through.” Little face, 80 pure, 50 white, Eurth may Lide you from my sight * Yet 1 know that, some glad d: Yon will greet me, far away. GoR will keep you sweot aud fair; B0 I leavo you in His care. Mipzax ERTLA v Births and Deaths in London. Fur the week cuding Saturday, June2, it TLoudon. there wero 2,214 births and 1,242 destha \—ibe former haviag been 13, and the jatter 115, below the avorage. One persan from small-pox, 23 from measles, 33 from fever, §from diphtheria, 28 from whooping-COu diffcrens tonns of fover, and Qigrrhea. Tho mesn- tempersture was only 53% arfll was 5° below the o0 fur the cuzrispd ing pesiod in Aty years. ) | '3 | x i 539, =3