Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 6, 1874, Page 9

THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIRUNE: SATURDAY, JUNE 6, 1874, 9 FLORENCE. The Intellectual Centro of Haly---Its Wealth in Paintings and Sculpture. Some of Its Distinguished Citizons—Danto, Boceaceio, Machinvelli, Gulileo, i . Michael Angelo, The Medici Family---Their Patronage of Art and Persecution of Protestants. Savonarolas=-Tho Wnldénslnn Clhurcliess Teudency of Educated Iiale ians to Materlallsm. Wotod Grlleries---Tho Ufflzi and Pitti h Palaces, and tho Academy } of the Fine Arts. Spectal Correspondence of The Chicago Tridune, FLONENCE, April 18, 1874, Florenco claims to ba THE ATHENS OF ITALY, | and the pretension ie not ill-founded or sgotis- tical. The fine nrts flourish here boyond what is soon 1n ony other city of Italy or Europo. ‘Thero nro five times as manypainters of plctures hicre 08 in Rome, and nearly, if not fully, as many workers in marble, Florenco abounds in artiste, Thoy como hore from all coun- trios to study art—oven from Obina and Japan. Qo through nuy of tho groat galleries, and you will encounter swarms of artista en- gaged iu making copies from the originals of tho old and modern mastors; while in hundrods of studios artists are working on desfgns of their own, or making portraita for strangors and citizons, The city also bounds in sculptors omployed in oreating Btatuary of overy form, size, and design, though, in tlus rospeot, Romo still holds the firat place. Noxt to Rome's, tho Florontine gallories con- tain tho largost collection of anclent statuary to be found 1 Italy; but most of tho pieces were brought bither, including the soventeen statuos of tho far-famed snolent group of WEEPING NIOBE, with hor geven sons and soven daughtors, and two pedngoguos, slain by Apollo, It is very re- markable that tho Vatican pooplo pormitted theso colobratod statues, found among somo of tho rulne of that city 800 yours ago, to be removed thence. Thero is nothing in the Vatican collection moro siriking or attractivotothe oyo of the artist or visitor. Thoy conatituto tho chief glory of the Florentine collechion of aucient statunry. They aro bolioved to bo more than twonty-two conturios old, Thoy once adorned & Grook tem- Pplo, but woro carried off to Romo to embollish tho palaco of an Emperor, Y Tloronco i olso noted for ita publio librares, for its musonms of suciont and modern curlosi- tica of urt, for its numorous nud oxtenuive book- publlshiug cotabiishments, for its many well- patronized bookstores, for ita spivited and radi- cal ln'em( and nbly-conductod newspapers, It is fairly entitled to bo ranked ns . THE INTELLEOTUAL OENTRE OF ITALE— 88 much go as Boston is of Amorica. ''he old churaotoristics of the Tusoans wore literary and urtistic, and the samo tastes still provail. Thore I8 moro scholarship and culture to be found bore thnu elsowhore in tho Kingdom. From the Florovtino pen hea flowed mome of tho noblest poetry, from tho Florentino chisel ay como somo of tho finest statuary, sud from the Kloroutiue ponoil somo of tho gravdest paintings, in Iurope. The ‘Tuucan, like tho anciont Greek, iy essontinlly cathotic, idealistic, and poetical, in tasto and tomperament, Bpeakiug a language full of mol- ody, and looking upon & Iandecapa full of besuty, uudor n bright, clear pky, in & climate not warm enough to cnervato tho faculties nor severa snough to chill the imagination, ho could scarca- Iy avold posscssing snd cullivating a lovo for srt and paotry, literaturo and philosophy. Palut- tug and_sculpture hold relatively as prominent # placo in & MERE BUSINISS OR INDUSTRIAL oint of view in_Florenco a3 corn aud pork do T Chicago, or iron and glnes in' Pittaburgh, You meot thaso branches of business at every {uwrm in every stroot. The shiops nro full of theni, Thoy nre in overybody's mind, and furnisl, di- yectly or indirectly, the groater part of evory- body's bread and buttor. ~Strangoers flock bither, oud fill all tho hotels to see them, and leave millions bebind in the purchaso of them. It i ourious to bo in a large city apparontly given over to tho display, croation, and vonding of pie- tures and statuary. Among Italiau cities Florence is ono of tho most modern, It doos not date back o £ho pe- riod of the Roman Empiro, and has no history worth rolating boyond tho time of tho wara of tho Guelphs and Ghibellines, comlnnuchui' in tho cloventh century, 'Cho first |§rut men it pro- duced wus the Shakupoenro of Italy,— DANTE, born here in 1266,—tho suthor of the “Divine Comedy," and who is rosily the foundor of the moddrn Italian language. ~ All tho other vernace llars of the Peninsula” had to give way beforo Lhe style of Italian in which he composed the “Divine Comedy,” just a8 all othor styles of English had to mako way for the stylo employed by Bhakepoaro in his ploys. 1t was cnough for niy town to Liave produced Danto, but Florence wis not oxbrusted theroby. Bocoaocio,-tho {firat axpounder of Dante, aud celebratod for his © Decamerong,” which sorved 88 o model for Qhbaucer's ** Cantorbury Tales,” also lived in Florence, Machiavelli, Galiloo, and mauy othor eminent mon of lottors, wore also nativod of the city. 1n architects, Fiorouce producod Arnolfo, Oreangus, aud Brunellisco, ns enrly as the thir- toonth century, who designed and built tha vast Cathedral and the Tower ; the lntter is atill un- surpaesed in Italy, and the formor only by 8t Doter's in Romoand the Cathedralin Milan, And it is o curious fact that the plan of Bt. Poter, including the dome and tho Grock-cross- form, wero copled from the Florence Cathodral, orected two contwics bofore. Ilorence also produced tho great artint i MIONAEL ANGELO, who surpaesed nfl his Italinn predecessors, and T boon surpassed by none since his time. Flor- onoo alio gave birth to his groat rival, Leonar- do aa Vinei, whose palntings rauk high as masterpicces_of art. Hero too, Bartolomeo, Vsouucchi, Nidolfo, Vesans, Bronzino, ond Dolei, mado thoir fame as phinters, and Alled tho gallorics of TFlorenco snd Romo with their magniticont conceptions. ug the wondertul progroes in art and lottors wmado in Florence is Iargely dua to the efforty of THE MEDICI PAMILY, Thoy bogen as wealthy morchents; but, by mous of money, talont, and ambition, dovelaped Inton glmculy dynasty, and rulod over Tuscany from about A, D, 1870 to A, D, 1787, when tho houso beeama oxtiuct, and tho Austriaus set n b}:nnoh of the Bourbons upon the Tusoan hrone. From the vory fivat, the Moedici family signal- izod thomsolyes by devotion to painting, poetry, and porsccution, “Cosmo, ono of the firss rulers, expendod the rovenues. of tho State in the dovelopmont of art, lottors, and scionce, e foundod a great llbrary und acadomy of lenrning, and diedin 1460, bonriug tho title of Pater Potrim, His grandson Lorenzo was called the ¢ Magnifi- cout,” aud, 88 poot, statesman, aud putron of art and scienco, obtnined colobrity il over Lurope. ‘Tho friondship of this littlo dynusty sliown to'artists attractod from ull countrias tho nblost paintors, who filled the gallorles of Florenco with ‘spocimons of theiy ekill ; and these pictures 1n” groat purt stil remain in pos- wossion of tho city, for the admiration of visitors: It was hero tho renaissance of painting, soulp- ture, roouy, literuture, and oloquenco, found its mont livoly centre, nnd'made its mos rapid de- volopmont, undor tho protection and patronsge of the Modicl family, Dut, whon tho grest ro- ligious Rtotormation brake out in Gerwany at tho samo time, nud npread ioto Italy, it was this Modici tamily who Lind tho ehief Laud in HUPPIESSING AND EXTERMINATING 17, not only in Italy, but on tho ather alde'of the Alps, by tho Popos whick thoy gave to the Chair of s Potor und thio Queans they sont to Franco: Thousands who kad ospoused tho Irotestant faith in Ttaly wore subjocted to the rack and the ax, and lout their houds upon refusaf to return to tho ** Mothor Chureh,” Thin bloody persesu- tion ocontinued rolontlessly undor’ the or- dors eud by the direction of the Medicl family, including tho Popes thoy furnished, until” Protoutantism was oxterminatod from Aount Diauo to Mount Litua, ‘Lo eifeok of this m\vlgo poracoution” hias novor enaged to bo folt in 1faly from thnt day to this, Ouly ono liitle band of dlssontors, whoso church-organization datod baok to tho {imo of tho Apostios, esoaped total anniliilation, altuongh a laxgo part of thom dia ‘pnrlah in tho common dostruction which Uofol Protestants, This was the Waldonsfan Church, whoso moembars lived in povaerty in somo littla valloys far up shiong the fco and snow- nynlanchos of tho Alps, Thore Is pointen out to tho travoler in Ilorencoe, In the * Plazza of the Grand Ducen,"ewhoro now 1s ereotod tho Koun- tain of Neptuno, tho spot on whioh BAVONAROLA was burned as 8 horotlo by ordor of tho Medicl fanilly, Ho was tho colobrated Prior of Bt. Marco, who ospoused the dootrines of Proteats antlsm, and “boldly Jm:luhml thom sa_did Lulhur\ Do fransiated tho Blble into Italian, and called Romo “the abylon of _tho Apocalypss,” on ncoount of its corrupt and uu- nnrl{»turnl Dbracticos in solling indulgoncos, its political intrigues, perscoutions, nud usurpations olitical powor. -Io removed to Floronce in '1497, and thore founded n largo church. On tho 234 of Mnflr 1499, ho porishad in the flamas, & mattyr Lo his roliglous convictions of truth and duty. Yo pravent his followors from kissing tha #pot whore hig ashos foll on tho ground, the town-authorjtics placed thercon tho * Fountain of Noptune,” thereby unwittingly erccting to his ‘memory a monumont which still shows the spot whoro lio died in tho flames rathor than racant his faith: aud tho stream flowlng therofrom por- sonifies the purityof his hoart and tho constauoy gl his purpose in'the oyos of those of Protestant alict, 1t is not a littlo singulasr that Floranco, which four centurion ago ‘'atamped out” Protestant- ism, should now bo tho centro of that faith in Italy, and it pooplo bo tho most liborpt and tol- eranc of oll the ltalians in tho Ponfuauls. But such is tho fact, Aftor tho revolation of 1850 TIE WALDENSIAN OHUROCI . ostablishod il hondquarters in Florenco. Under tho spacious roof of tho old Salviati Palace it foundod & collego for tho oducation of its clorgy, aud o book-publioation bueiness for the muiti= lioation of Iibles, bymu-books, and other ro- igious litorature, including & translation of Dunyan's ** Pilgrim's Progross," which has boen rend with avid{iy throughout Italy, by Cotholica n8 well ns Protostants, Tho Waldensians have three or four largoly-attonded churches in Flov~ oueo, and thoy Liava succeeded in ostablishing others in_all tho chiof cities, including two in Tomo itas)?, and In many towna, Thoy claim lo linye botwoon 200 aud 800 self-sustnining cungwfilflonu in Ttoly, oxolusive of tho original churches fu the Alp valleys, and a totnl membership or rogular attendanco of somolhing like 60,000 porsons, of wlom nonrly Lalf ~ beloug to the parent Olurch! smong tho Alps. Thoy have racoived lurge peouniary afd from tho Britieh Mfsslonary So- ciotioa to help thom plant new churchos and ptint and distributa thoir roligious publications, Btill, thoy aro o mera “drop in tho bucket,” so to sponk, of the Italian population; aud incronse by conversions of Catholics to their faith pro- coods vary slowly, But tho groat point gafuod, :unr all, 18 exomption from intoloraut porseou~ 108, 5 LIBERTY OF NELIGIOUS CONSOIENOR — protooted by law and supported by public sontie ment, A person may 10w profoss any roligious heliof ho pleates in Floronco and Italy, and wor- ship'God according to the dictatos of his own hoart,—none daring to make him afraid, For fiftoon conturies this could vot be dono in Italy. Tho world moves, and humen rights finally triumph ovor bigotry. Whilo it is frue that Italy has bacomo a land of roligious toleration and political liberty, it is also truo that thero aro slight symptoms of hor peo- ple becoming Protestants in tho senso of with- drawing from tho Papal Cburol, and attaching themsolvos to Protesiant secta, They appesr to entortain & doop avoralon to tho very name of Protostantism, and about tho last thing they ara likoly to do i to join any of 1its mects. The tondenoy of tho educatod olassos of Italians fs to Materialism,— . TIILOSOPHY, AB THEY OALL 1T, Tlorence, Blome, Naples, Milun, Gonos, Venice, and other cltios, 'sre full of **philosophers,” bub not of “Protestants.” Whon a man in_ Italy ‘drops out” of tho Cathoho Ghureh, ho stops not at the half-way house of faith aud ronson, but swinga cloar ovor to the sido of un- Lolief.” ¥rom Dogma Lo goos to, Rationallsm, Tho number of {his clasa of mon'is very great, and rapidly incressivg in spite of all the etforts of tho Church to arrcet esnd provent it, They avoid social ostrocism or persecution by not ypking organized demoustrations or publice 1y combining to propagate their opinions. 1t is only in thoir political sction that their strongth and influencoare discoverod and aponly exbibitad. They constitute the * back-bone” of tho oppo- ition to Ultromontancism in ftaly. They do- nounco and rsist tho temporal powors claimed by tho Church, aud combat thie doctrine that po- litical government should bo subservient to clorical dietation. But the party of “philoso- phera' i not confinod to_Italy,” mor.did thoy originato init. All over Europe thoy may bo fouud, and i1l no couutry aro they so numecrous a4 in Germany, and, next to Gormany, in France, They ombraco a very lorge propoition of the professional meu, of tho writors, sciontists, stu- donts, aud artisaua. All the Christian sects are boginniug to fool that their dilforences with each othier uro of scoondary cousequence, and that thoir roal aud MOST DANGEROUB ANTAGONIST ia Matorialism ; aud that, {n the futuro, the con- Alict must be botween tho Church and the Philoa- ophers, and not bovweon tho sects, Uho Floreutines take much pride in pofnting out to visitors tha house in which the immortu] Dauto was born; aud the house of Amerigo Vonpucci, who, if he did not discover Amorics, gave it hig namo ; and tho houso of Machiayelli ; aud the houso of Galileo, who stuck to it that the world still moved; aud the houso of the vrince of artists, Michael Angelo; and many other houses whero where boru, lived, or died, the great mon produced by Florence. 'Che tower is still shown whiok was usod by QALILEOQ s as nn observatory fo carry on his astronomical obervations, and_noar tho towor is _villa in which tho {ilustrious [:gnmuophar reaided, aud whoro Milton visited him in his old age, A, D, 1688, Miltou’s romark in_ relnting this inoldent ig, that ho visited * tho famous Galileo, grown old, a prisoner to the Inquisition for thinking astronomy othorwise thau the Frauciscan und Dominicau liconsors thought.” Io.wus not nctually incarcoratod by tho Inquisition, but only confluod to his own house and grounds. Probably this was all Milton intended to convey. It was an imprisonment in one sonse, but not an incarceration in a public dungeon. A report of tha interview botween tho old philosopher and the youthful poet would Doan interostiig ohoptor, Milton spent whole yeor travoling in Italy, Ho spoke the languago fluently, and everywbere recoived o cordial greoting; but it is siogular that ho noyor ro- corded any of the impressions whic: such a country as Italy mads on_bis mind, and,.in ail hiy subsoquens writings, ho sooms nevor to Laye drawn on the tnuges or materinls wnich ho must Liave gathorod up during Lis tour. It was very difforeut with Byron, who visited Italy two conturios lator. Hiy pon workoed industriously in roproducing the improssions made on Liy mind, und iu diteribing tho soence he witnossed in this classio Jand. Tha materigls for sowmoe of tho best things ho aver wrote were found in taly, . '.l'xa ordor of arrangement of the'works of art in the Florence galleries is very admirable. The piotures aro placed according "to tho scliool of att to which cach bolongs, aud in tholr chrono- logical order, 'L'sko, for axample, the gallories of the UPFIZI PALACE, - ‘There are two wido corridors, each 600 feot long, looking out on a streot botwvoen them, which furnishes hight, The coiling of tho one is cov- erad with fresco plotures, oxhibiting the riso and progress of tho painting art since A. D. 1200, “Tho walls aro bung with pictures in tho order of their ngo, running through a poriod of nearly 700 yours. Of tho hnlla or solons iuto whiok the corridors lead, each one s fllled with pictures of & particular scliool of art, ‘Thus the firat of the Buito of halls joay be dovoted to picturos of tho 'Tusgan ~#chool hefors Rennissanco, nud the noxt to pictures of the uamo #ohoo! durlug that poriod or smnce then § tho uext ball may bo that of anciout mastors,—no pioture less than GO0 yoars old ; the next hull may Lo filled with tho works of tho Vonetian echool; the noxt of tho Lombard sehool tho next of tho Dutch school ; theu tho Flemisli; thontho Epglish ; thon the French; thon the Gorman; thon tho Genoeso; nud then the Bgnulnh; sudl soo to (ho evd of o coltoctions. ‘Thus you will find in ong Lall somo of the colo- Lrated works of Raplael; in another those of Michsel Augolo, of Van Dyok, or Carrosgla, or ‘Titian, or Alfoul, or Rombrandt, or Rubons, and othor great mnstora, Again, in each plcturo- alace - will genorally bo " found one large En)l containing a specimon pioturo from the ponoll of onch of all tho gront mustors,—the ‘Pribuna hisll, for axample, in the Uz Palace, In this palace tho chiof salons are also thifed with oholco specimons of anciont statuary, whils ihe walig are covored with tho beat specimens of modorn painting. IN TUX AUADEMY OF THE FINE ANTS,— tho third in Florance in point of valuo,—avery- thing fs arranged in chronologleal suvceusion, It beging with tho Byzautine period, and ends: with the Isto Italinu “battle-sconea and dovastne tionw by rivor-loods of & fow years past, In thia colloction aro picturca wmnoxe then a thour oaud yoars old, Thoy are vory singnlar in stylo 88 well aa orudo speolmons of art, and exhibit unrensoning crodulity and suporatition, Tho Ulzl, among other th)ufiu, contatns mora than 2,000 portralts of the distingnished and prominont oltizona of Tloronco, from .the oloventh contury down to the prodont day, in- cludivg all the roigning Princes of tho famous Medicl family, tho ardinals and the Popen thoy furniahad, thiojpoots, orntors, historinug, scholars, atatorinen, Genarals, paintors, and seniptorn,— all arrauged in tho order of tfmo in which tiiey lived, fluttorad on the surfaca thoir alloted hour, and sank out of alght boueath tha waves of tho gr%l;t rlver u‘f Timo, ol i 10 socond groatost collactlon of works of art in Tlorence is ‘zmnd n 2 THE PITTI PAGACE,— 3 which has boen tho residence of the relgnin sovorolgue sinco 1460, inoluding .tho Inst an groatast, Victor Emanuol, when lio {8 in tho eity. Tha udmuo dovoted to picturos is400 foot in lon I.\F 120 in hoight and_100 in widil, Tho collac- tlon contains upwards of 500 pictures by tho old mostorn of the grado of Rubene, Raphaol, Titian, Van Dyck, Paul Veroneso, Corrogeio, Corlana, Bartolomoo, Balvator Roas, Michnel Angolo, Holbaln, and hundrods moro by lator artists, eital a8 Boznoli, Sobatolll, and Tortolind, 'Tho charactor and morit of the paintings may bo imaginod from the nomos of tho artists, Tho samo admirablo and porsplenous arrangemont of tho plotures for oasy and Intalligont study and comperison provails In tho Pittl Palace colloction 88 in the othor great gallorios of Florenco: 1 shall not detnin the rondor with » doseription of the groat museums of art and natural his- tory, or tho 'gmnt gublla lbraries, ono of them containing 260,000 volumnos and 20,000 mauu- seripts 3 nor with acoounts of the architocture of any of tho oighty-goven churclias, or tho mosalo pletures and the statuary contained thercin.' To commenco on theso subjoots would load to in- torminablo dotails, ;- 80 MULTITODINOUS are the works of art in this Atheus of Italy; and [ shall only add, in conclusion, Lhatmy brief viale to Florence has boen yichly ropaid by what I have aoon. . It givos ono a juster concoption of what the Iinllang of modern times are onpablo of nccomplishing in works of art than can bo poen snywhera clse in the Peninsula, Whint tho seulptors and painters aro now pro- ducing in_tho siudios is n_tempting topic for ‘mention, but must bo pasaed by. No omo with =ny oyo for tho benutiful, any tnsto for art, any upl)mblnuon of skill and gonius, any love for dolightful landscapo. any prido in inteflootunl and political prograss, can epend a fortnight in Florenco witliout boig chinrmod, and earrying nway some of the most ploasing recollections of a Europoan tour, P & J. —— IN THE DESERT. Tho ennds of the Desort glawed liot and red The sun of the Desert beat down, ‘311 4t blistered tho top of {ho Garmolite's Lisad,~ Just the round shavon spot on the crown, An Arali swopt by, Uare-cliosted and brown; My tent-door stands open,” ho said, The monk found & wine-akin nuder his go The Arab Lrought dates wnd Lread. wnj #Xind Alldh, we thank thes 1" the Arab otled, When our sfmplo ropast was spread, Ifell to at once, but o monk replied, ##XNay, Shelk, thank the Lord fnstead Then the two argued loud, and the two argusd long, As to how fhioir grace shonld be ssid ; But, before thoy had got at fhe right or the ‘wrong, Thad finishod both dates and broad, Whon thoy turned to mo, I could not doclara On a point 80 oxceodingly fine, Bt rodoaway on tho Arab's mare ‘Witls my friond tho Carmolite's wine, Juat whera sy thanks are duo I cannot dectde, But hotors are easy, 1 think; 80 Allah I thank for ihe mare 1 tido~ Tho Lord for tlis wine I drink, ~John Paulin the June Galoxs —_—— Fho Emperor of Russia s a Grangers From the London Times. It must Lave seemed strange to thoss who road the Court Circular thet Hie Imperial Majosty the Czar should hnve found time to vigit tho Flomish Farm tho very day aftor his arrival at Windeor, to assist at the trial of a steam throshing-machine, But the fact is that, if the machine in question becomos s popular as it promises to bo, it must mako o most ma- torial increaso in thio woalth of Russia by giving an oxtraordinary impulse to agriculture i Bl morco, Russia kias almost unlimitod capabilitios 23 n wheat-growing country, but the vast extont of hor half-cultivated plaine stands in the way of their proper dovelopment, Excellent land ia in many oasos almost 8, drug, for tho spatsely scat- torad population maken labor scarce, atd puts threshiug by fluil out of tho question to any con- sidorablo extont. Dy tha tima the grain is deliv- crod at tho nonrost mnrket it may not pay the oot of production and tho carriage. Thoso thin- ly populatod atretchea of flat ara tha very places for tho profitable omployment of stewm, but thon unluckily, there are fower traes than mon, und oven scrab and brush-wood aro ofton want~ ing. As for coal, its prico, as laid down at the zailway stations, is almost vrohibitory, and even with tho new extonsion of tho railways you might ofton bave to haul it zrent distances, Oa tho other hand, tho superfiuous straw is o posi. tivo embarrassment to the farmers, It is stackod on the steppes and left to rot; very littlo of it i9 used for manure, for the soll .ig unaturally excessivoly rich, and oullivated’ for the most part on the system of a single crop following twa yoars of fallow, Cast- ing about for o substitnte for ordinary fuol, it occurred to tho Russiana that straw might serve thelr purpose, and thoy did succoed in applying itin a clumsy and costly fashion. Thoy dug reat pits constructed with o side funuel; they rought the ongine-box over the mouth of the funuol, and they did their turosbing tant bien que mal. But tho procoss was too exponsive to como much into favor. 'Tho valusble engiucs weraused up quickly; tbo grain bad to be brought to the pit, and' thoro was a great wastg of heut with an immenao consumption of straw. “Ihe problom as to supply the straw to an ordi- nary locomotive, so that it might bo worked up to its full power, and to all appearaunco tho solu- tion hins Dbeen workod out satisfactorily in tho engino the Ozar inepocted ou Lhursday, The apparatus iu tho joint iuvention of Mr. Jobn HMosd, of tho firm of Ran- somes, Bims & Hoad, and of Mr. Schemloth, o Russlau enginoer; and although 1t is only now that the Czur by sosn it in uction, it lms al- ready obtained tho approval of thid most coin- potent agricultural authoritios, Wo lave ul- ready made moution of it in the lettars wo pub- lished on the Vionun Exhibition, whoro it was ono of the great contres of attraction in the agricultural machinery hall, and we have o in- tention how of cntering iuto technical dotnils, ‘Wo shall morely sav the engina is fed by » ealt- noting apparatis, driven by o strap nttached to Hsolt. The slraw is passed in betwoen & coupls of rollers, which sproad it out lightly with a Iatoral and fan-like motion, oxposing it to the ‘full force of tho fire, Onc man ouly s ro- required to supply it, and it roducos tho aver- ago consumption of 'straw to something like four timea the weight of coal, It in oxceod- ingly simplo, and indaod ita genoral utility must depond slniost ontirely on its s{m[:\lul&y in » country whore tho laborers have boen only accustomed to tho most puimitive implements, und whero the most siilled artisan to bo found withio reach is probably an ordinary village blacksmich. The trial witnessed by the Czar avont off most satisfactorily, Ha arrived ot tne Tlomish Farm, driven by Hor Majenty, and ac- companied by the Grand Duke Aloxis, the Duke and Duchoss of Edinburgh, and other distin- isbod pordonagou, Tho Crand Duke in pur- tlonlar, who examinod tho maching carefully, oxproxsod his high approval. Provious to tho groat davelopment of rail- ways, the invention, ingonfous sn it 18, would have beon ot local rather thau of national valua, Noiw it can hardly fail to change the uf'ucom of i{"]“u"um not only in Southern Ttussls, but in uugety, tho Drincipalitics, and all tha grain- ]im(lllc\ug countries of Liastorn Europe, whilo 1t will give an lmpetus to tha prosperity of the grain ports, sud oxorclse n happy influenco in tho gralu markets, Tho Xastern farmer need no louger lmit his ares of cultivation; when he can sell all tho grain ho cap grow at a proft, ko will grudzge leaviug his grouud to llo waste; and, s countries noarer ome fucrease thelr production, the prica of whaeat ghould bo lowered in proportion. Nor is it ouly fu grain-growing districts’ that the iuven- tlon Ju likoly to bo usoful, It consumes other vufioubln productions as easlly as atraw, and we belleva it bay already been apprayed aud sdopted by tho Khedivo, who Tfarms his own land of Lflym very much aftor the lashioun-of tho Phurnohs, his predecessors, Bteuw powor 14 in- valuablo there for {rrigating the cottousfiolds or tho cano-patohics, awd'the stulks of tha cotton and tho orushod wlem of tho cauo will take tho place of tho fuol whioh has Litherto beou brought from s distanco, But wo may Lavoe said enaugh to show that Mossra, Ransouios’ englua was worth tho attentlon of tho Czar, notwith- standing tho nuniber of his Btate ongagements, Whe Domuin of Chutonu Margnux. Tho Tordunux correspondont of the Landou Wine rade Review statos that the ovoot of the month is tho regutud salo of tho noblo domain of tho colobratad Ohmtean Margaux, bolonking to Baron do Rothuchild, of Parjs, to tho Dukoe D'Aumnlo, for the swn of 5,000,000 fzancs, or about £420,0004 l HORSE-GROWING OUT WEST. An Examination of Mr, T. A, Keni’s ‘Ranche, at Choyenne, Wyo. Ter, dabité of the Horse. General Remarks on Stock-Grow- % ing in the West. To the Rditor of The Chicago Tribuns 2 8m: Horso-raising on the plainnisns yet inits infanoy ; novortheloss, something hashoon done, and tho rosults show that ths business can bo mado immensoly profitablo. 3{r. T. A. Kont, ot Ohoyenne, W. ‘I, has twonty stnllions, which oot bim nan avorago of $091.60 each, and gome of them aro vory fair for speed, but woro seleot~ od ospecinlly for their brosding qualitics, Kont iu braeding by them, from Californis mares, what ho calls TLAING, OR ANERICAN DRONCHOS, - T'hoy aro small, tough aninals, vory chonp, and good for riding, but too light for the genoral market or draught purposos. Kont's stallions wolgh 1,225 to 1,640 pounds, and ho oxpoots the oross by them with Californin mares Wil rench tho avoruge slza of American horscs. Bize, doolity, and strefgth are tho qualitios sought by Mr. Kont. Ho proposes to chiango the statlions overy second year for a bottor class, and, by mixing the blood with trottors, runnors, and draught-stock, to ob- tain from his bronchso o stock of animals sulla- blo for tho gonoral markot. His morea cost 26.50 nach ; and ha considers his yoarling colts worth 925 dach, and his 2-yosr-olds $50 enoh. Ho vockons the incronso at 75 to 80 por cont per yoar from full-grown mares, nnd, after the fourth yoar, 26 per cont of the hord. At tho cow- moncement of the soason, cach stallion ia cor- raled with about forty mores ovory night for a wook or more. The horso soon establishes lus . authority over his harom, sud may bo trusted fo take ocare of it himaelf. Ho koops his troop woll together, and does not allow it to approach or mix with anoth- er. Ho often finds himsolt spolling for n fight with some othor patriarch of the rango, sud, on such occasions, stops his wives at a safe dis- tance, and goos out alone to meet tho enomy. 1t defontod, ba rotires in good ordor, driving lua wives boforo him ; but, if victorious, he looks out sharply, and, if posaiblo, captures nnd drives into lug harem o stray wife or two boelong- ing to hisrival, Asarule s stud will not allow any goldinga in bis troop, In the fall the stal- lious are taken awsy, aftor which the marcs Tuvo to bo rogularly herdod, The following in the ACCOUNT OF M. XENT'S HEND, and tho figures may bo relied on as substan- tially correat s Raucho and slablos. #00 mares, ut $28,5( 20 stallions, ot $091 Hordiug,.vesvre.n Keeping 20 stalliont Toferout, 10 per cont on averaga Savdiiiant of ‘Flrat year, total, Coplial account for second yeor. Tierdl Kaoping atalifons Tutrest, ot 10 por con. The increass (GO0 or more yemling colts) is now oatimatod to be worth 815,000, Third yoar's uccount— QGapltal fnvented. Tho increase 000 2-yonr-old colte 6 wholo of inter- ont. ‘1o fourth yoar, the young stook may be esti- mnted as worth somewhoro ubout $90,000; and, from this timo on, ono can both sell young geld- ings to sdvantago, and rapidly improve tho qual- ity of his stock by Lreoding_the young mares to botter clags of stnllious. I cannot hero givo the oxact xfizurcs for los and dopreciation of old stook aud tho inoreased cost of a batter clnsa of stallions, but, whatover thoso may bo, thore is ovidently a'profit of AT LEAST 25 PER OENT. to bo mads by homu-hrudm[?v on the plains, Broediog for tho genoral mavket doos not re- quiro any great comount of special kunowlodge or slull ; aud thoro is one ndvantage in this busl- noss, in tho fact that, if it iy tolorably well undorstood, a vory large amount of oapitnl muy bo invested and kopt well i hand, One cannot personally handle with advantage one-half 80 much capital in cattle, or a fifth s much in sheep, as hornes. . Bome think it desirable to begin with a high clags of mares, worth at least 3100 vor hosd ; and, if tho horse-grower has the capital, and’ 18 in o hurry to roalize, undoubtedly that wonld he bost. Howover, it would roquire $150,000 or $200,000 to utart & horso-rancho of that kind, and fow mou Lo 8o much capital to put into'any Lusiness, Agin the caso of tho oross betweou Durkam bulls sud Toxas cows, the stallion leaves so #trong an improes on his coits that the herd rapldly improvos, and it can be worked up o any requirod standard. It I wore going into horso- breeding, I would at first takea low grada of maves, Many stock-mon handlo herds of 10,000 Load of eattle, and thove would be no trouble in mnnaging that number of horscs, reproseuting o capital of 1,600,000, A thousand muros and 200 studs would soon raise such o herd. I doubt if it would poy to ongage in horso-braeding on tho plaine in o small way, unless in connection with soma athor business, as is donoe in Kausas and Nebraska, whero the mares arp utilized, snd mada to pay for the labor, exponse, and troubla of caring for them., T do not know of any one Llaving tried MULE-BREEDING on tho plains yet'; bus it would undonbtedly pay, and the Governmont domand for train-mules would furnish o vendy and rolinble market. T'he nre tho hardicst aud most eusily herded of ol domestic animals. Mr. Hutton has & considerablo hord of maros on tho Laromio Plaios, which ba bus been handling for sovoral yerrs; but I am unable to givo.the figuraes of his ranche, No donbt his ex- perionce wonld bo both valuable and intoresting, in]ng“unmu day, when I cau get it, I will pub- b it Having now written of cattle, shoop, and horso-growing, some goriorul remarks will 'bo in ordor un what has gono Yeforo, ‘1t is interesting to kuow tho habits of the, animals, and o study of these is almost moooseary in order to grow stock suceessfully. s A LERD OF CATTLE, loft to itself, formy a sort of organizatior, and is governed by sat rulea. In spprouching tho herd, lirst wo oo . fow utrngglors ou the hills, that look like Indinus, und which are tho soutinols for tho great_body quietly feading undor their ‘protoction, If theso warders, or seutinoly, are alarmed, the whole herd rushes togothor and propares for flight ar battls, The bulls com- mand, sud the dames tnd calvos render them o cheerful obedienco, W'he cattle grazo in fami- lies of two, four, and myx head ; thon groups of & dozon ; aud lastly wo come upion the groat body of bulls, stcors, oxen, und cows, mixed promis- cuoubly fogother, 1" visited a herd un tho Lurumle Vleiug, and, observed thom closely, I euw their wardors, or sentinels, their Yamillos, and noxt the mass of the hord. Hero was a stalwart Durlium calf, with rdnssive head and thick veck, which p‘uzad ut us wonderiugly out of the most henutiful of oyes, which, if woman_ hud possossed, sho noed havo Led no othor attribute of bewaty to have rendered hor lovely, There wus n ponderous bull, Who had cost Lis owners hundreds of dollars iu the Enst, and who never deigned us a_look as Wo drove by, Near uim was a wild-oyed, demure-looking cow, with her three calves, a 2-year-old, a your~ ling, snd ono fat litelo - fotlow only u fow days old, Wo drova for miles wnd milos,—young bulls bollowlog aronund us, helfors kicking up their hools aud scamgporing away, and old dames hastemng to thelr young, as if ~ feurful we came t0 vob thém: of thoir pratty oalvas. 1T WAH A GRAND SIGHT, his hord of 50 bulln and 8,000 cows, with thelr 1,800 calvos, It seomed u mountain of beef, andn lnrfio fortune for oo man {0 possoss; you Twas told tho gentloman who owned this hord hud throo others largur utill, Wo saw one Jittlo Tollow just taldug Lia first stepu ou tho prairie, nud wo stoppoed to obsorve Lim begin his cavoor in the great.and wioked worlds Thu dusa Eaul baokv foro him, and shook hor liond #o viclously at ue that my companion cautionod mo tiot to ‘go_any nearor, lest aho shiould gore the horse. I am told thoso cows are vory daugerots whon thoy havo young onlves, and the firo in thoir eyos shows plainly they would not hesltato to ohargo 1f provokod. Our pony seomed to undorstand the dangor, and mado hasto to got out of tho vi- eh‘llty a4 800n ag posible whon Wwo gayo him the roin, I havo wdon cows keop their calves with them until they were 2 and 8 yonrs old, or evon, in somo instauces, older, It froquently hup- poua that tho mothor has undor hor caro and protection nons and dnughtors larger thau lior- golf, Tho dam watohos ovar hor offepring, aud, whon they straggle or disoboy her, PUNIBUES THEM, to which they scom to submit with the filist re- gard of ohildren, It pasturing on high lmmmd about the middle of tho day, tho cattlo Jeavo the hills and go to the bottoms for waler. About 4 o'clock they go Dbnok to graze in tho high grounds, on the rich gramma and bunch grassos, llore thoy remain until nightfall, whon thoy llo down ou tho warm, sandy soil, and nlun[; until morning, Tlio Tistle family herds of four, aix, lglt, and ton, stick closo togother, and seom to have in- toroats In comtnon, defending cach athor, and oxhiblting considerable signs of concern ond af- teotion if oiio of thoir numbor gote lost or falls into trouble. In traveling buck aud forth to wator, they maroli In gingle filo, and follow the snmo pathy, like the buffalo,—woaring deop ruts into tho earth. “Tho cattla frequontly go 4 or 6 milen to water, and, baving slakod tholt thivst, noarly alivays roturn to the place from which thoy started out. 4 r, Curley saw the herds moar Cheyonne pushing tho 8now off tha grass with their nosaes, and apparently foeding well in_midwinter ; and ho thoroupon oxclsims, in his London Journal, M am thoroughly satisfled that wintor-grazing on tho Plaing, evon with snow on the ground, is practical, and s gubstanttsl fact.” JERDING 18 THE OIEF EXPENSE in stock-growing on tho Plains, A good herder is worth 380, $40, and even $50, a month, with food and lodgi aud the hordera must bave onfes found them to ride. Curloy had o novol doa of this liording business, nud was astonw iahod to find g0 fow woinon nbout, and to soe rarichomon doing -thoir- own cooking, baling broad, ate. Thercupon tho practical Englishs msan oxplafns, in his Journal, how nico {& would bo for a_marriod man to fafso sheop on tho Plaing. Ho says: * Tho actual cost of Uving in tho ‘Porritorien is modorate, and a man with & family and smoall capitnl, say $2.000, could soon bocome wonlthy by raising shoop, ‘(€ his wifo could ride on horsoback, or ono of the childron, snd attond tho hord, while he wont to town for supplies, or to tho mountains for wood." Curloy then figuros on it, and says: ** $2,000in hand will buy ranche, household-goods, ponics, wagons, and 500 owos. For s biod to "liolp in shoaring-time, 860 for wool ton months aftor purchase of herd, 8450 ; also {80 lambs, worth §1,000,—all claar profit, Tho second yonr, wool would bring him $300 over and abovo exponsca; 426 lmmbs, worth 1,125; vrofit for the yoar, $1,600, i yonr he could goll 176 wethors, nnd add to herd 200 owoa. Tord would stand thoh, ray, 76 ewes, 325 ewe- iambg, ond 235 wotbor-lembs, or, with bucks, whola hord would foot upwards of 1,350 sheop. ‘Wool would bring 1,000 over exponses; and in croase would bo 600 to 650 lambs, worth 1,875, making his profil $2,876 to 88,000 per aunum, At the ond of the second yoar, his ostablishmont would bo worth at loast $6,600; nnd, if he had . fmproved his ranche and the breed of his gheop, his ostablishment ought to De worth §10,000.”" 8o Mr. Curloy figures s very pretty littte business aud fortune fora poor man on tho Plains by ralsing sheop. Iigures don't often Iie; and yot, for somoe unexpinined and unexplainable reason, NOT JORE THAN TWO-THIRDS of the mon_who fry atock-raisiug on the Plains succood. With one it is bad luclk; anothor's ntock iastolon; snother islazy ; snother drinka; and a fifth gambles off not only the profits, but somotimes tho whofo herd.” A man, to raiso stock, must ba not only sobor, but industrious; and; whon the storms came, Lo must be fbravo, and'keep i cftle togothor, and food them, even at tho risk of his life., In timo of peril or danger, tho horder must nover lot go his grip; if e doos, tho hord is ruined, and tha laborof yoars loat. Jaxgs 8. BBISDING ‘The Winc Crop in France. From the New York Sun, May 30, 3y A groat colamity has bofallen the win crop in Franco, which, up to tho ond of Aptil, hnd baon ono of unuaual promiso, Enrly in May sherp, cold winds, accompaviod by rain, hail, and snow, sot in, and sovero frosts Llightad tho crops in tho north, ‘oast, and southwest of Franco, It is outi® mated that threo-fourths of the antire vinoyurd arca of the country na beon affectod. In tho Girondo, tho groat vinoyavds of Obatoan Mar- gaux_aud Ohatean Lafitio oscaped injury, but the vineyards on the marakies which border on thorivor suffered soveroly, 'Tho vines in sandy soil woro but slightly tonchied, 'whilo thoso on the ravolly plaing wore affocted ovon less. The vines yiclding the costly wines in Bur- ndy genorally cscapod, bnt s0me of the bost Frowa Sreve injurod,. A} Boamua the visos on the plaine, oxtonding os favr as the Snono, were complotaly frozen. ‘Tho vinoyards of Pommard suffered, and at Gevray-Chambertin an immense smonnt of dnmage was done. The dovastation at Ohablis was widesproad, all the vinos having been damaged, whethor ou hills, slopes, or low ground, Tho hillsides of Bulnllulnis wore not. barmed, but in tho Maconnas District tho vines in tho plalne wero outiroly strinped of thoir Joavos, and now resomble 8o mauy driod aticks, In the Champagne country the frost wns mngst movere. The thermometer fell to 90 dogrdes above zero, Fabronheit, At Chalons, on tho bor- ders of the Marne, nnd in tho neighborhood of Epernay, half the crop is destroyed, whils in other places tho loss will equal two-thirds. Vorzenay and other vineyards on the slopes near Reims will loso one-third of the erop. In muny localities of the Grand Champogne aund the Potite Champrgno thoro is no hopo now of any Wino-crop whatsoover. Owing to tho prodictions of M, Bainte-Olnire Doville, who foretold {rosts in tho courso of April, and moro disastrous frosts in the firat half of lay, many vino proprietors wera not takon by surprise. Tho moment tho cold weathor camo on, thoy kigdled, shortly bo- foro duybronk, largo firos of fagots and straw, which bad been dampouned, on the windward side of thelr vineyards, so that the smoko might form artificial olouds abovo the viues, thus intercept- ing tho sun's rays and converting the frost into dew. .Many accounts stato that, whoraver this Ian was tried, it wag successful, and saved hun- Jtods of thousanda of “Vines from boing frozon ; whilo some say that this device Las boeu attond- ed with but littlo success, and that the only plan which has at oll succooded hay beau the sprasd- ing out of linon oloth over the vinos, sk b S S The Prohibitory Liquor Law, From the Doston Guzetle, Wo nt loogth reachod tha bLotol again, and I proposed o glass of brandyand water. My friend looked 2t mo nud then at tho landlord ; and then thoe landlord looked at my friond and thon as me, Porploxity overspread tho countonancoes of both. #8uch thing'as o drop of liquor {8 not to bo had in tho plnca,” said the landlord. *'Bought, you moan," rotorted my friend. “Bought, X monn,” \as tho answar. Then both egcd mo significantly, “Doen anybody give it away?” I inquired, voatly puzzied by tho mystory that appeared on Eolh of their countenances. *‘Not oRnctly. You seo, the Stato Constablos would bo sfter mo in no time, if Isold liquor,” explained tho landlord. “Do you want some very badly " o "T'conld not explain how badly T wanted it, aud igontd only give vent to my faollngs in & sigh, Without s word, - the landlord disapponred within the rocossos of a small room bahind tho oftioe dosk, and presently onme fovth with two empty lumblors in his hand. Thoso bo placed upon the desk, “Tut whoro i the liquor?” I Inquired. *Tho Inw forbida mo to soll it," he srid, */ and 1 dare not disoboy tho law, If you can find any horo, you are welcomo to it,” saying which he aceidentally turnod back tho'bronat of hiy coat. The neck of a bottle pespod forth from tho in. sldo pocket, o winked his eyo ut me, and I winked my oyo at him; after whicli I drow forth the bottle. Mo faintly struggled with mo to prevont tho daring robliory upon which I wag bent, but I proved {noxorablo, “ Ny private bottlo kopt for modicinal pur~ posow, and not for ae,” ho moancd, us ho ponrod oub the liquor for myself and the worthy i}hnh‘mt\n of the Parish Committoo, * I{ave somo water, gontlemen ?" lo added with nluc. rity, \)Vo drank, end I roplaced tho bottle in the re- posltory whonee I had takon jt. Thon I put o dollax in his hunds, What s thia for ?” ho askod, as ho depositod it in his waistoont-pooket and gave me a half- dollar In clhiango. “ XYor a bushol of oats,” I suswered, tham till I sond for then: Al 8ir," sald tho landlord, with an alr of virtuous reslguation, ‘“tho prohibitory law has dona o world of good in stopping the sulo of liqmlwvxu. I » sovere law on us, but it's a good ono.! ’ Keop . P — —An ostoutations undertaker of Troy, having oharge of an arlstooratio funernl lately, mounto tho ultar ateps nud delivorad the following ad- dresn s * Ladles and gentlomon will ,‘mm 0op and formasd bes | thel seata il tho corpus pasios outs THE FARM AND GARDEN. The Sewing-Machine Monopoly—low Snlea Are Muade to the Farinor, il Iow Colloctions Are Enforced with tho Ald of Criminal Law—A Xopods= For Ohnngoy, Buscd on tho Results of the Furmors) Movement—County Ilortlculturnl Socloties — Inju AInsoctv—Potnto=Beotlo—Stripod Bug —IKilling Rats ~The Orchard—The ‘Wenther, Y From Our Agricultural Correapondent, Oitastraran, I, June 4, 1874, THE BEWING-MACHINE MONOPOLY, . Prino, T, May 25, 1874 Mg, “TonAn"=8m: 1 sond you by {his mail & copy of tho Seientifla American, coutalning some nta- tiutlea In regard to the trado in sowing-machines, and tho attompt on tho part of tho monogoliats to o3tond tho patent for some years, Ihaveno doubt thut oth- ors beride m‘yuulr wrould bo pleased to hoar your viows in regard to tho matter, Ettas Evenerr, Tho Scientifle American statea the caso-a littlo Toosoly, yet, on tho whole, convoya a pretty oor- root idon- of the situation, Tho wholo of the monopoly ia oharged to the holdors of the - pat- ont, and that thoy receive & bonus of §30 on onch machiue, on an average. I undorstand that thore are two partlos to this monopoly: the Tioldors of tho patonts, who are the manufactur- org, aud tho middlemen who doal with tho farm- org and otbors who purchase tho machines for usa, Tho working parts of all grades of ma- chines aro mado precisoly alike, and tho woman who hag » 860 machine los just as good & ono a8 the woman who paya $120, Tho extra cost consiata in tho wood-work and tho plating of the implements, ndding nothing to the sowiug quali- ties or durability of it. Tho plain machinos aro retalled at §60 at all points oast of Buffalo, and $05 westof that point, ~—tho manufacturors selling at half off to tho Btato agont, or 30 for the plain machine, and in the snmo proportion for tho fancy-finished ones. “Ihis roducos the profits of tho patont to about 816, 'Taking tho cost at $11.83, $16 would bo & fair prico to tho jobbor who aollz ot wholasalo to tho rotail deslor. If there was no monopoly, there aro plonty of dealors who would bo satis- fiod to soll ab 825, which is considered & good round proflt in other business. The extra cost of tho fanoy-finished muchines cannot excoed 810, 216, and 820, This would bring tho rotnil price of tho 120 at abont 350 to €65, at tho outsido. Tho Btate sgent at Chicago eells to tho small doslor, or county sgent, ot o discount from tho price-list of 25 por cent ; and this county agont solls tho $65 ma- ohine to the farmer at $75, thnt cost him $18.75, ~lonving tho Stato agent $18.75, out of which come freights, intorest, and handling. Thia loaves “to tho county egent 826,25, For cash in hand ho will deduct’ 863 but, on tho time-contract with tho farmor, Lo Liaa intarest from G to 10 per cent, 88 he may make tho ngree- mont. In the noto it is et forth that the payce 15 the owner of — gcros of land in fos, and of other proporty to the value of §——, freo of all incumbranca ; and thal he makes theso repro- sentations in ordor to obtain a credit in the pur- chaso of tho machine in question. 'This is rathor an iron-olad affair, that may take on A CRIMINAL COMPLEXION in cagp tho woto js not mot at waturity, Very fow nrrosts are made under it, ns the partioy hurry up payment as soon as thoy are fully aware of the eflect of this part of the agreement. I kuow of only one arress of the kind. A man who was it the babit of buying things on crodit, and who snappod, his fingers at Canatablos, pur- chosed & $120 machine on the long eredit, and soon after had an opportunity of trading it off for & horae. He proposed to purchaso another on tho same torms, snd aguin roprosented him~ solf as worth a cortrin sum sbove all debts. ‘Tho time come nronnd, and judgment followod, snd the execution was roturned with tho onnn- oud words, “No praperty found,” writton in plain lettors on the back of” it. Tho defendant confidontly informed the Constablo that tho plaintift would probably lay out of his monoy for along Hime ; but, after a night in jall, ho was roady to sottlo up, This, howover, was not so0 oany o task, aa the agont appeared 1o caro more about punishing the criminal than to collect his duca ; but ho finally concluded to take vhe nmount of the debt and costs, with the addition of 9200, which was done, and hoth partlos were spparently satisficd. u order to meot those sharp motos, Ihave scen farmors haul corn to murlkoet whon thae roads wora in the worst possible_condition, and soll nt 20 or 25 conts a bushel; whon, in fact, the hsul- ing cost uearly as much a8 the price of the corn. But tho noto with the ugly elause was in tho liands of tho'Siate agont, to whom 1t had been puid over for more maghines; and it must ba promptly mot. In no deparhnont of trado that eflogts tho farmor has thoro evor been a more contemptible monopoly. or & ORE VICIOUS SYSTEM OF DEALING, ‘Thon, again, & machino gots a little out of re- pair, and one of theso agonts brings in o new mnchinoe to show tho contrast, nnd offors to trade, giving n long Hme for tho paying of the dilferonco, and & salo is,affootad, nino coses out of ton, tha intorest and shuve on tho machine would moro thau pay for the hiring of all the work that ia dono on the machine up to tho time of paymont, and_it would b muck cheapor to hire than to purchase at those osor- bitant rates, Ikuow of ono woman nt leaut who would do her sowing by hand, ov hire it dono, rather tha to pay all of theso enormous profity 10 this class of mon. ) It is thoso ropoated acts of tho monopolists that have at lagt avoused the pm})lo, aud nothiug short of their abatoment will satisfy them, The Congressman wuo votos for the extonsion of anr such patent, moy be assured that tho peoplo will not return him' to Washiugton, and ho may pro- aro for privato 1ifo with the salary-grabbors, Party eannot save them in any event, and thoy bad bottor tako heod leat they fall. Business of all kinds must find its lovel In. A FAIR COMPETITION, and all monoplics must’cerse, and this will closs ‘out the combinations culled trades-unious, whoso axclusive policy in allowing tha tenching of only a limited numbor of oporationy is shutting out tho sons of the farmer from other industrios, and {s swolling the ranks of the professions aud tho middlomen to an unroasonablo oxtont. An indopendont pross and an indovendont party nny be able ‘to worl somo .reforms in theso vicious practicos. It would appoar that the farmors, a8 a class, aro fond of boing bumbugged, and tako to it naturallly, but it has boun tproad rathor thick of lato, and thoy now begin to rebel. Solong as porty had tho power to protect its nominces, thoro was no hopo of rodress; bub thut timo i ngt, and Coungressmon aund othor oflicials nro Euld in cheok. Itis this new order of things that gives us Lope that this Infamy will not b consummated, and that tho sowing-rachine will bo relognted back to o hunlth{, competition, vot only among manufactuross, but tho trado, in common with other dopartmants of business, I tho farmor could bo relievad of the extrn burdeu of taxes that now grinds him down, and got rid of tho wholo clags of harpies who proy tipon him, ho would bo the most successful aud liuppy of mortala, COUNTY JORTICULTURAG BQCIETIES, Among the aids to Horticulture, there is none of more value than n live, workiug, Couaty Hor- ticultural Socioty. Lot tho mectings bo month- 1y,—tho whola year, if posstble,—znd be at somo private rosidence; lavo s cold or warm dinnor, a8 most convoniont; discuss thoe quostions of the dty us rogevds the art or scionco of Hoxtioulturo; tako & curoful look through the grounds of the Lioat ; consider its bost potuts for future action, and tako careful nota of its faults, that you may avoid thom, The Champaign County Hortieultural Socloty haw boen in working ordor for yeers; and onco or twico it moved slowly and ‘appasred sickly, aftor two or threo meotings in tho city halls, T'his shows that it belongs to the country, and ouly thoro is in u good, healthy condition. Put it {n n city hall, and it slckons liko tho out- flowers oxposed to guslight. It doos its city friends good to go out in the conntry or {0 somo suburben home, aud thero meet aud miuglo with 'the country members of tho sooloty, to partake of thoir “ploasant cheer, and, for the time, shako off tha dust thas city-onres havo accumulated. Ifl““ saturday,—the olosing work-day of May, —~tho ONAMPAIGN COUNTY HORTIODLTURATBOOIETY. mot at the homo of J. 0. Cunningham, nour the City of Urbana, Mr. C. is n lawyor in good praotico, an ox-Judgo of tho County Court, and for miuny yoarn uditor of the county prpory but, in all thogo yoars, bo bas spont his leisure-tino m rural purewits, His grounds compriso 40 Rores, Ttwaes formorly woodlund, but now it is moutly undor culture.” Apples, pours, chorros, ihe smnll fruits, and vegetabies, uro the lending intoronts, both for home-uso and for murkot. We find tmon of this olass relinble businosa-mon, lot their ealling bo what it may; for those rural taates toko tho placo of othor at{mulunts, und tono down the men to tho moroe practicul ovory~ day inlngr‘%fi of life, Thoy nro not seshing of~ flco, or ng awey thelr timo, whon out of buslvess hours, Thoro 14 something jn the atmosphore of this saburban home thatmakos won bottery st least, the men ‘oity, Tha whosm and horuo-rallwaya avo making Terlinps, iu | who do duily battle for thelr dally bread in_tho’ these homeu moro and more posetble near the Inrgo cition, and thus ndd another olomont to botter habits of tha people, A suburban lioma to n oity businoss man I8 liko n woll-kopt lawn and house-grounda to tho farm, for both act tho part of plonsant rolaxation from tho moro nh- sorbing dutios and businoen of life. In ordor to ccouomizo and to cultivata this taste, we necd tho aid of tho goctal Hortleultural Souioty, for «ovon our plonguros and pastimes need nll{‘.urfl. In Judge O'a grounds wero found the lurgest cabbago of tho eason, and the onrlieat potatany, w#oma of thom almout {u bloom, oven in this tnre diest of tardy sousons, Thoto tho pons woro al- wost of sizo for tho tablo, and tho poars and chorrien wero well londod with frult. 'The apple, like the whole crop of tho county, was thin on tho froes ; and tho quince bny faited to como to time. A2 p. m. tho mombors bogan to arrive, and goon the nmplo parlors were_filled, and the businessof the meoting proccedod with, Injurions insocts came up for consideration ;” and, of theeo, firat in order was TIE COLORADO POTATO-DEETLE, Dow 80 commou in this part of the Siate, I'rof, Burrll], of the Industrial Univorsity, who fs al mcst Lho only member of the Faculty who talkes suficient {ntoreat in Hoticultaro to nttond those mootings, romarked that Lo had boen giving this* {nucot considorablo attontion of lato in the Hor.. ticultural .Dopartmont of tho Univarsity, and that ho was now praparad to dlsabuso tho publiq mind in rogard to tho posonous proporties of this beotlo or its larve, o had op plied 8 plaster of the crushed Inscets to big arm, hed rubbed (lhem iuto & cal on his band, bad orushed hundroda fuid spirted into ono oyb,~nil of which had‘no unplensant results, and he did not bellove that they possossed any polsoncus pm}wrtlun whint- over. e could not kov tho sameof the common. potato-lly,—Lylta Villala, or stripod cantharls,—. whioh Was no doubt mora or lous paisonons, and it was possiblo that this lod to erroncous o;:inlun in rogard to the Uolorado inkect. The Professor in n practical exporimeuter, and auecful mombor of tho Faculty; and, if the whols Faculty would talo & liko inforost in_industrial sciohce, wo would noou have, not only a.usoeful, but & popu- Iar, Industrial Colloge, REMEDIRS. Oommon arsutg, aaid Prof.. D.—a Lag!e.pann- A ful to u buoketof-wisor,—sprinkiod on the’ plants, is an offectual romedy,—bottor than to apply dry argenio or Paris greon, as thoso Inttor must bo IEpllnd whon the dow i8 on the plants, and must bo ronewed aftor o shower; whilo tho liquid adhoros to the plant for & long timo, and only raquiros ronowal on_aceount of & Jaugelys inoreased growth of tho leaf, Tho lonf appoars to rotain tho poison without muy change, and as - it does nob saom to bo assimuluted by the plant, it in no way affocts its growth. Parls groon hog tho same ‘offoct, but ity oxira cost (s tho objoction to it. The Professor thought that, in somo instances, it wau o triio bettor than tho argonio; put of that he was not positive. Tho clicapnoss of arsenic raccome monded if, aa it could ho had at 10 cents a pound, whilo Parls groan (arsounte of coppor) cost 50 cents. When either of theao 11 used in powder, twenty or thirly times their weight could be added’ of common land plastor, or ton parts of flour, rs too much of the drug wan injurious te the plant. On the whole, ho much proforred the sprinkling with a flue cool water pot. THE BTHIPED DUG, camein for o sharo of attention. Mr, J, B, Phivuey bad tried cafomol, and found it n posie tive romedy against this old onomy. A smali quautity, mized with flour, and sprinklod on the plants, roved effectunl, Tn this conncction, he would taka the lioorty to givo anoshor valuabla uso of catomol, and that was TO RILL RATH. 8prinkle a little celomel on bread and hutter, . and over this pour molasses, and gut it in the runwoys of tho rat, and, stter eating, the rat re- turns to his bole und dies. Ho had killod hun- dreds of thom in this manner, under his corne orib, aud hiad thus dispensed with the use of the rat-torrior, Others montionod o freo. use of plastor as offectual for tho striped bug; und one or two suggested hand-picking of tho first brood of the Coiorado baotle. This first brood comes out of tho ground, whoro it appears to have wintorod in tho porfoct stato and i ready Lo lny tho flrst lot of ogga. Thero is no quostion of the value ol enrly attontion. Prof. Bunill is to continuo his investigations through tho summer, and, no doubt, with valuablo results. 'This effcet on the part of a momber of tho Faculty of our Industrinl Univeraity should ba oncouraged; and tho day ocanmot be long dolayed when the farmor shall ook to this fustitution with a just pride, for the settlement of many disputed aud imsolved problema in rural mattors. THE, ORCHIARD, I havo beon walking through the orchard,— not that T am ndt uccustomed to such walies daily, Dbut this walk was to look niter the young fruit. its abundance and 1ta condition ; builcame back sad, for little fruitismanifost. Among tho suni- mor applos, Rod Astrachan i8 fair; lod Juno, Tarly Harvest, fneh Peach, Spin 8woet, Benoni, ond some othors of loas note, nre almost a total fatluro; Sweet Juno looks better ; Qolden Bweob has 2 small: showing § while Sope of Wino is quite full, Of autumn applos hio prospoct s nob 5o good, uud of ok tho Snow applo i tho best; and tho wintor-list [Brows ovon worso.. Lroported thoso things to Alrg, ““ Rural," ood sho also wont out ; but thesa womnon have a practical way of goiug at things, and sho lod at onco to a block of over 200 tracs of tho Koswick Codlin, and oxamined treo nfter treo of this old fruit, not fit for the tablo, but which ocoupies so lnrga a epace in the pio, tast, and apple-spuce line, ~ * Weil, I doclaral not a Codliu for dryiug, to tone up fhe plos: but it is possiblo thera may bo a fow cans. Ploaso, Mr, * Raral,’ do not gell any, for wo will ean the fow that moy malure, and wo must fall back on the XNed Astrachen o8 thoe mext best. And hore, too, our old Round Sweek (Lymav’s Pumpkin Sweet), that was go full of Dloom, is going to disappoiit ns, end I do not know what wo shall du for n barrel of good, old~ fashioned cidor applo-sauce.” ¥ Majo apple- buttor,” I replied, ~* Bah! apple-buttor 13 bub o modora fletion to real, gonmmne apple-saucoy and then tho work to malie it,—the utirring and Teating over tha stove iu proparing it, and {hen, attor afl, it is liable to bo scorched. Tuore is the Stannard that will givo us somoe fine fruit; wud, out of the whole winter-liat, thero will bo o priulling of upnles, providod thnt tio waathor proves favorablo; but wo must plant now Pound Swoots and Codlins, for thoso weko tho golid i, tarts, and snitco that aro go_cskontinl to tho wintor-menls. Goou enting apples are woll enough in their place, but do not cook like those ofd, familiar sorty,” . At our hortienltvral meeting, all of theso things were mll{ confirmed, and we aro to huvo a light crop of tho upple,~the great, leading. fruit for olf purposes of the table, tho kitchen, vinogar, cidor, aud champagne, But there iu soma componsttion in all thia; the now growth looks Laasltly and vigorous, and il trees may recover in somo dogroe from the bad effects of tho past threo yoars. It is too oarly to meko prodictions fu “rogard to the crop, for insccts may ewoep tho crop_nway, or the {ow sots may round up into largo, porfect apples, nnd thus, in part, compensata for tho want 0f numbers, Tho dead cherry and poach trees ara abundant, and naw oreliards must bo wot oat; tha plany, too, has fared badly, and wo must wait sud hopo on, WEATHER., Tho rain has passed on hath sides of us, And now it i gatting rathor dry for the Into-pinnted cory, and grass i gotting b slight check. Tho hot neather of legt weok hay bevir changod for n cold north wind ; yot, on tho whols, thero ls rogson to bo thankiful to an All-Wiso Providenco for giying us n_roasonably-progporous season, for the outlook is cartaiuly fair, on the wholo. Itys is bended out, rod olover in blaom, and corn, a8 n_goueral thing, prosents n good stand. Nothe ing iv ronlly u failuro, aud most oropa will ho & full avorago. Tunaze B e THE MOUNTAIN AND THE SQUIRREL. & The Mouutain and tho Squirret 1ad u quarrel, Aund the formor called tho latter ¢ Littlo Prig,? Bun ropllod— # You uro doubtless very big ; But all sorts of tnings uird weather Mt bu takon i logathor Q0 malie up & year, Aud o spheroy And 1 {hink If n disgraco To gcenpy my plac ¢ X' not aw lurgo wa you, You uro not so wiusll us I, And uot Ll vo rpry; L mot dony you oo A vory profly wynirrol-treek, alents diftor; wll ix woll and wisely pusy 11 I canut catry foreats on my baols, Noither can you orack a uut,” —Zinersan, —_——— ‘The Turkisls Succension, ‘Tho pregont suceossor §s Murnt or Mirad Tf- foudi, tho brother of tho present Bultnn, Tho Sultan is very fond ot hla oldest son, who v u al dog 1f bl tho voports of him wra time, unid ho witl louvo nothing wndone that Lo ean do te place hin on tho throno aftor himself, During the prosont roign tho Bultan bua taken the strong but olcstusl womsurs of having all thu mnlo childron born to him stvanwlod at their birth, e woll a4 _all those of hiy sistors, the ‘h"o‘i"‘ ‘;‘\ul\;ur may %fl n?y A‘gmg h; Tor the theone. . —0liva Harper's Gonsldnkinoplo lel Galifornia, Plo letler to the Alle of thom In his bands, and in ono instanen the