Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 10, 1874, Page 8

8 THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, MAY 10, 1874. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TERMS OF ECRECHIPTION (PATABLE IN ADVANCE). Sonday, Weckly' Parisof a year at the same rate. To present delay and mistsies, bs sare avd gire Post ©f ceaddressin full, including State and County. Remattances may bo made eitner by dratt, expruss, Post Ofco 0iaes, or 1 registered leuers, a¢ our risk. TERMS TO CITY SUBSCRIBZKS. Defls, delivered, Sunday etcentea. 25 centr per week. Euily, aelivered, bunday included, 30 conts per weei. Adaress THE TRIB COMPANY, Corner Madiron aud Dearbo Ubleago, 1L TO-MORROW’'S AMUSEMENTS. MVICKER'S TREATRE—Madison street, hotmeen Pearborn and State, Engagementof Meggie Mitchell. * Faochon." ACADEMY OF MUSIC—Halstod streot, batwoea 3ad- won_ana Mongoe, Enzazement of Lulfalo BUl, Mor iechi, ote. * The Scouts of the Plains.™ MYERS' OPERA-HOUSE Monroo strect. betmeen Dearboruand Suste. Ariivion, Cottany aad Kejpie's Mipstrels, Sipsireley aa comicalitles, Buslesque **Los Brigands Nolz., roer_of Wabash avenue oty porformance. Leons Toree Dwarla.” ADELPHI THEATRE. 18 Congress _street. Dare, the pantomime af ¢ MUSIO HALL-North Clark strac AcopIeE Eichiogs-Bernard's ** Ok S Kinzfe, Oaroline Folks,” THEATRE—Nos, 215222 Wost Madison f-&fc'iggm partormanco. Mlle. Fontalnblesu, Loon rothers, elo. SOCIETY MEETINGS. LA FAYETTE CHAPTER, No. 2, R. A. M —Hall 73 ‘Monroeat, Regular convoeation Monday eveslag, My 1, 3073 'clock’, for busiagas and work oa tha P. and 3. E. Degreos. By order of S CHICAGO COMMANDERY, I .18, K. T.—Special java M inz, May 11, at'1:30 o'clock, for s o the R 3. Order. Visiting’ Sir Kalghss colrte- sualy Lasitod. * By ordeg 86 1he o OLATR, Recorder. NIC NOTICE—The officers and members of all e °( i rhnc-’ta the e TELD, A £95; L' A, TEEBE, W. M. ot 6ll; W. M. of S0 WILLIANM KER TieAnY TORNER. Bt ] BLAIR LODGE, N 9 216 Foguosiod o meet at ** Ereem n.' Suhfllnl’;holm‘flg,‘M‘)w\fl, nl‘\ : Hicloate in 1ho faneral corembato a5, Toull, ATl Magror Masons in good sunding ate 150 cordially avited. The procession will lesve the ball ronsotly at 11 &, m.. and prececd 10 bls Jate residence, f&': North Ada-+f., from thence to the N. W. Dl from thoro by cars to Rosebill. Bz ordor of tho PRAIRIE SHOOTING CLUE, 1ho an Ny 12t Brclocks ot 118 Rast Madison-at.. for the Claetion of oficers and psymeat of dues, The mames of £l members sho fa] toarond or pay, thefe dges will bo “rasad from tho books. By ordor of the Presidente —Tho mambers are re- ting on Tuosday ecen- BUSINESS NOTICES. AWAY YOUR FURS WITHOUT nfi%’"fi.fl.’"xm Powder, which will preserve from njoths and mold. Sold by druegiets. The Chivags Tribune, Sunday Morning, May 10, 1874. OUR IRELAND. Yosterday it was Louisisna ; to-day it is Ar- Knnsas ; to-morrow who can tell what State will stand in need of Federal interforence to save it from aparchy ? For to this point have we veri- 1y coms throngh a system of interferenco and bayonet rule, resorted to for the purpose of maintaining tools of the Administration in pow- erinthe Southern States. Like begets like; centralization has created a necessity for con- tralization. Wanton and wicked in the begin- ning, it has now become the only breakwater be- tween tho people in several States znd the ed- vaneing flood of anarchy,absolute and destructive. For, if Brooks may seize the State-House on the streogth of a judicial swindle, and it Baxter, to prevent other judicial swindics, must send Sut highwaymen to capture Judges of tho Supreme Court, while armed mep in the gervice of cach prepere their wespons for the fray, wherein does the situation differ from that so oftbn pre- mented across, the border in unhappy Mexico? What refage or hopo can the poople have bat in the interferenco of some armed force strong enough to restore order, and make industry and sommerce possible? Brother-in-Iaw Cssey, with his Gatling guns, sowed the seed. Grant, forced to interfere whether he will of not in this odious businees in Arkausas, reaps the fruit. Republican papers donounce the President’s hositation. Wa can well understand it. As he 1sid not long ago, e is disgusted with the whole AMTair; “those Southern Republicsns seem to have taken a contract to destroy tho Republican party.” Only Grant forgets that he let thom the contract himself, when he first employed the military power to sustain them in their out- rages, for the purpose of securing their support for his re-nomination sud the votes of their States to insure his re-election. Hence these woes. From that day to this no deed of political rascality hes * been too suda- sious or infamous for this brood of zarpat-bag adventurers. By Grent's firs Interference they were relieved from every sense of responeibility to the pcople: permitted to cheat anybodyout of office, power, or property, I thoy could safely accuse him of opposing Grant ; and assured that the Republican party of the North would stand by bim snd them, no matter how nefarious their deeds. To them the election of 1873 was & new guarantce that noth- ingcould turn the Northern stomach. Since thac time, o8 might have been exoected of ut- terly unscrupulous men when religved of all ap- prehension of punishment or even of political ~ dofeat, thoy hase become more shameless and reckloss than cver, and the President judges that they have “‘taken & contract to destroy the Republican pacty.” Having given it to obtain re-election, he would doubtless bo very glad to break it, for: ‘e feels that the whole country is disgusted as well 08 he. But it is no longer casy. Something mustbe done by him to preserve order, His own act bas deprived the people of that fregdom of self-government by which they would have been sble to preserve order themseives. He has made Arksnsas a jungle, and has not much riglit to complain if be finds it full of tigars. ‘Whether Baxter did or did not sanction tho recent seizure of Judges does no matter. The poople behind bim are desperate, and no won- der. Thoy voted in 1872 for & ranting dema- gogue and A Republican, named Brooks, only becauso they hoped tbereby to get rid of the ralo of robbers. But they were cheatod in the count, and Grant, securing tbe electoral vote of the State by the same frauds, did not object. Then they succeedod in wWinning the Govornor who bad been’ declared elected, and behold! the very men who had frauduleotly placed him in offce now turn bim out with fraud and wiolence. It is known that the Jdwajerate knaves who wield tho power have devised, and need only a Governor's signsture to carry out, schemes which will not only impose such a debt apon the State a8 will practically destroy 1td in- ustry snd confiscate its property, bat will give fo these men power to elect such Legislatires as thoy msy pleasc, to count all the votes, and to pack every court of justice, and will muke it im- possible to shake off their mastery except by armed revolution. Is it strange if the peopls Sqliove that Brooks hia been placed o office be- canso he has agreed to ssist those achemes, which Daxter Las resisted? Is it strange if American citizens think it well, if revolution must come or abeolate serfdom and confacation, to begin the revolution at®onco, while they bave the forms of law on their aide? It 18 this ut- tarly desperate and reckless mood which the Government must desl with in the people of Arkauess, and thia desperate mond bas been producad by wanton and wicked interference, in times past, to sustain as base a brood of scoun- drels 2q over plundered a State in the namo of loyalty and Republicauism. Thus, reconstraction, and re-reconstruction, and re-re-recomstruction, by the bayonet, have borne bitter fruit. We are begin- ning to enjoy our JIreland. The Re- publican party now shrinks from the respon- sibility of using force; the cryof rebel” no longer fires the logal heart ; millions of men be- ginto think they have been swindled by Credit Mobilier jobs, sslars-geebs, monopoly-tariffs. aud the like, about long anough, under cover of loyalty and- hatred of rebels. And yet, in this vory nnpromising temper of the public wind, Graut is forced to do something to restore order in Arkansas, Would it not have been quite as well if the Republicar party had never pormit- tad itaelf to be disgraced by supporting these adventurors who Lisve robbed the South in the neme of loyaity? < Where will this end? Grant is tired, and tho people are tired; but, above al, the fax- payers of Arkansas, Louisiana, South Carolins Florida, and Misaissippi- are growing desperate. Even Eastern Republicans begin to comprebond iho meaning of carpet-bag votes for inflation in tho Benate and House, and to renlizo Lhat, if this horde of adventurers is to pe permitted much longer to exploit and roprosent Southern States, pational repudiation is not far off, Capitaliste aud property-ownets at the North begin to seo that it is wmot msafo for thom to have property in Southern States unrepresented, and only their ignorance srd rascality folt in the Na~ tionn) Congross. And yet, whera is the remedy ? To willdraw military forces and, Federal saper- vision altogether would indeed quickly eliminate tho carpe:-bay mischiot-makers ; but itis feared that, with the Southern people in their present temper, it would slso result m groat injury to the colored population snd to blamoless North- ern immigrants or Union men. 1f Congress had tho sense which the situstion demands, 8 new election would bo ordered in Lonisians st an early day, and the full power of the laws would be employed in that and other States to punish election frauds for the benofit of candidates called Republican. If the Prosi- dent would aguin commsuod the thaoks of sensi- blemen of all parties, aa he has done by his re- cont voto, he has only to recognize Baxter as the only lawlul Govornor of Arkansus, disperse trooks’ mob, and at the same time send to Con gress a ringing message, pointing out that the very men who placed Baxter in offico now con- foss that the election wasa fraud and an out- rage, and recommending that s pew election be ordered by act of Congress. Denial of freedom under local self-government to the people of Southern Statesis the causs of all theso out- rages and rascalities which disgraco the very name of republican goversment. Restorstion of the peoplo to the power which belonga to them—aud tbat by the shortest method practica- Dblo—is the only way out of difficulty. SUPPRESS THEM. The action of the Association of Liberal- AMinded Citizens (Versin Froisenuiger Burger), in entering a protest against the ** pretty waiter- girl" saloons, will meet the approbation of our citizens. Coming from the quarter it does, it will be ell the more cffective,—much more &0 than if it came from an equal number of clergy- men or church-members. The President of ihoe Association, Mr. G. A. Kor, introduced the question, What measures should be taken to have the licenses of the ‘‘pretly waiter-girl™ saloons revoked? Ho argues that thoy are an ontraga on the community aud & municipal dis- graco. Bfost of the members of this Association are saloon-keepers themseives, and their war on tho * pretty waiter-girl” beer-shops may not be altogethor in tho interests of morality and of ‘municipal honor, but the protest ia timely all the same. If the saloon-keepers themselves rogard tho “ pretty waitor-girl” ssloons s & disgraca to them, the disgrace to the city at Iarge is sll the more couspicuous. Mr. Zenieschek, one of the members of the Asgociation, related an instance of tho practices of theso places which came under Lis observa- tion. A strangor wens into one of theso saloons with two young men, $203, and several pieces of silver inhis pocket, A young girl waited on the party. They drank two glasses of wine, and the stranger fell asleep. He returned to conscious- ness in the * gutter,” having paid $208 and some picces of sitver for his ovening’s entertainment. No, it i8 not 2a heroic act of virtue to visit o “pretty waiter-girl” saloon, andif 5 stranger loses his £203 in currency he is not entitled to much sympathy in the premises. No tears will o shed over his loss; and if every ono who at- tends similar places were left to sleepand dream in the gutter every time he goes we think it would be in the interest of public morals. These places are neither more nor less than pub- lic punisances, snd should not be tolerated. Thoy are moral post-houses, and should not be liconsed. Mr. Zenioschek is very much afraid that, if not suppressed, they will be pointed to 88 proof of the “damnsblo nature of all ss- loons,” It would secmn thet the atranger abovo roferred to i mot the only one who came away from one of these places poorer than he entered it by mora than the prico of a gless of beer or wino. Mr. Hurtke knew a man from New York who had lost $200in a ‘pretty waiter-girl " saloon. We lhave been Informed that Mayor Colvin bas declined to rovoke the liconses, of these dens, though fraquently importuned to do so. I this is true he may well be snspected of an obliquity in the matter of public morals. They are, in thoir very mature, disrepntable and disorderly bouses. They flaunt their vico in the face of the public, and make it loud with the music of cracked horns and banged-up pianos. They are a stench inthe nos~ trils, and & sore to the eyes of all decent peo- ple who are compelled to pass by tham at night when they are in full blast. A precedent for summarily bresking them up is found jn New York Cits, whero the Mayor revoked their licen- ses, and tho police arrested their inmates. This is what Mayor Colvin and his police ought to do; aud, failing to do it, they betrsy a sorry indifferonce to the decency of the city, which will react upon them s the mnmisances incresse in number and as the disreputablo classes grow bolder. If the Mayor will not in- terfere, it is to be hoped that the Couneil will take these vile places under sdvisemont, and in- struet the police of the city to suppress them. Public morslity, public security, and our munic- ipal good name call for tho suppresaion of these and other vicions resorts, which are to-dsy more numerous, ‘conspicuons, and unblusking than ever bofore in this city. THE DAY'S SUGGESTIONS. To-day is the blessed Sabbath, which all good Christians will devote to peace,and vest, and pious meditetion. Under the influences of more gemal breezes and warmer sunlight, the grass is growing, tho bads sre swelling, the birds are returniog, and all nature is swiling. Every- whers in nature there is calm and contentment. The church-bells are inviting o praiso and prayer, and to-dsy the atrong and the wesk, the proud and the humble, the educated and the ig- norent, will throng to the houses of God to "hear the Word expounded, and to gather consolation and comfort 'for af- fliction and strength to endure the bur- dens of life through auother week. They will drink at different streams, but all flowing from the same fountain and flowing towards the same ses. Upon this day, abovo all others, e7ecy man should give himself up to devotional meditation, should humble himseif before his Creator, should reflect how wesk, and puny, and insignificant ba is, and should strive to be bet- ter himself and seek to have kindness, and com- pagsion, snd charity for those who do not think 28 he does upon themes which ean mever be settled with certainty, =8 they are purely matters of faith. Every man should romemter that every other man’s belief is sacred to him.- Every man should strive to have & warmer and kindlier friendship for other mon. Thus giving himselt up to the gonial Influences of nature, studying tho Sacred ‘Word with & humble spirit, and striving to feel & Lindly charity toward all men, he wili pass the day quietly and happily, will sleep well to-night, and rise to-morrow morning rofreshied physically and spiritually. Ho will be botter prepared togo out inta the world again, becauss he will hava largerand broader views, and & greater love for men, Our words are applicable to Prof. Patton. This is the manner in which he should spend the day. Fora day or two he is removed from the bitterness of denomiuational wrangle. Let lim give this time to meditation and rofection. Let him drop all dogms snd creed, snd give himself to the study of kindness, of eympathy, of char~ ity. Let him become as a little child, becausa, except he be ag one of these little onos, he can~ not enter the Kingdom of Heaven. Lot him so yiold himsolf to tho sweet and blessed influ- ences of the day that its calm and rest shall enter and taks possossion of his troubled spirit. Lot hir atudy moderation, 80 that ho may have mora patience with tho other Presbyters whose Presbvterian edvan- tages have not been %0 many as his. Let him think of the pangs of Servetus, and reflect that the world does not admire sud venerate the memory of Celvin 28 it would have done had be not roasted his poor brother. Lat the freshls- come birds and the opening buds remind him of new thoughts, new births, and the great onward progress of the world. Let him go to church this morning, and listen to tho preacher,—best of all, fet him go and hear Prof. Swing. Lot him estagood dinner. Lot hira take an after-din- ner nap. Then let bim rise and sing s few pealms, drink s prateful cup of tea, and, aftor tes, take & walk and study the stars, and reflect that, although they may differ in glory, they are all singing the same tuae. Then let him go to bed without thought about heresy, and he will rise to-morrow morning refreshad, better able to sympathize with tho rest of the world and the Presbytors, and more kindly disposed towards Prot. Swing. THZ PRICE OF KMEAT. Within the jset threo weeks there have oc- curred two advances i the wholesale prico of beef, mutton, and veal, and tho retail prices of these articles have also been advanced bsyond all procodent. The prices of beef on the hoof at the Stock-Yards have head an aversge rise within the last thirty days of from three-fonrths of 1cent to 1 cent per pound. This is the total rise of the price of beef on the hoof. The price of the best sold to Chicago butch- ers has advancod from $3.5) to $1.25 and $400 to €49 per 100 pounds, while the retail prices of baef have advauced an syer- age of 4 to 5 cents per pound. This is sn ont- rage upon the public, and has no warrant in jus- tice. The rise in the retail price of becf is the result of & mere combination to keep up prices, and force from the public 2 or 8 cents s pound extra for all the beef they copsume. In the case of mutton thero has been a greater advance in the wholesale cost than in beef. The batchers’ matton, which sold in the yards at $3.50 to 4 per bundred, bas ndveuced to $7 snd $7.50, whilo the retail price has advanced from'a shilling to 18 and 20 cents & pound. In this case, too, the advance in the retail prices of mutton has been out of all proportion with that in the wholesale prices. In this matter we do not suppose the respon- sibility attaches 8o much to the retail butchers. They are themsolves victims. With compara- tively fow exceptions, the retail butchers of Chicago do pot do their own slaughtering. They purchase of the wholesala dealers in dressed beef. This last business bag now becomes enormous. These men purchase” the cattle, elsughter them, and sell the meat to the retail dealors. Woe bave no doubt that they can io this way fornish tho retailers with beef cheaper than the latter could supply themselvos diroctly; but, neverthaless, it places the whole business in the hands of a small body of men, who at auy moment, by com- bination, can levy & tax of 1,3, 0r 5 cents s pound on sll the meat purchased in the city. With beef selliog on the hoof at £450 = Dbundred, there is no reason why the retail price of the choicest cuts should excsed 16 cents, nar why the whole may not be retailea st an average of a shiling a pound, An sdvance of this kind in an article of food of such necessity as beef is a sovero ex- tortion upon the community. We do not know that thero is any redress, eavo thet of not buying the beef until the prices fall. Thers is wo scarcity of beef, nor is the quality of beef depre- cisted. The roally fine cattle which are sold at the Chicago Stock-Ysrds are never bought for the city trade, except to & limited extent, by & few butchers who do their own elsughtering. The cattle sold here for city copsumption are of a olass known to every berdsman and stock-raiser from here to the RBio Grands. Whensver there is & cow that s not classable under any of the heads kmown te the trade, the animal is designated as ** Chicago ‘butcher atock,” and is forwarded to Chicago. ‘While the first-class beerves pass through here by the thousands for other markets the * Chica- go butcher stook ™ stops here, is purchased, slaughtared, and retailed to the general public ot privés wiish would well compensass for the —— better grade of animala. The only practicable way of breaking over this extortion is to buy less beet, or no boof atall for & fow days, or & weok ; and this, with the warm wogther, will Lring these peopls to the choice of taking hoo- est prices or suffer & total'1oss of stock. ARBITRATION V5. WAR. The 2t of killing ia not yet one of the lost arte—although in all deceucy it should be. The Christian nations of the world, among whom, if apywhere, peace and good will to all should reign, pays $300,060,000 yearly to maintain 10,000,000 professors of the art of death, sn art to which nesrly all the sciences are tributary,— chemistry, physics, mechanics, engineering, architecture, aeronsutics. Tho lsurels won at the Bar, on the Bench, on "Change, or by the pen, dazzle not the pnblic eye as those thet aro won by the aword on the field of buttle. The history of Cmsar, Alexander, or Napoleon finds a thousand roaders wbere thst of & Rufus Choate, » Marshall, & Taney, or & Dyron even, finds one. On the successful soldier the world heaps wesalth ; it sounds his praises, exalts him to the highest place. Alilitary glory is the most dazzling of glory. Nor does all this change as the world ad- vunces. War is more humane now than it used to be; but it is still war, the giant of blood-red tresees, with “eye that scorcheth sl it rolls upon.” We moderns are more acientific, t. e., more cold-blooded, in our warfare than our grandfathers. We ure, perhaps, less of the say- age in war than our ancestors far back; buf when we go to battlo wo take as many lives, mako as many widows and orphans, desolato as many homes, and draw ss many tears from the living. Wo wasto mora wealth in the destrac- tion of life than we spend in the sapport of charities, or in philanthropic enterprises. No one will deny that wor ia an evil,—a great evil. It is, bowever, always s choice between two avils, real or imagined, and is chosen because supposed to be the lesser of the two. In this view of it, war is mot wholly wrong. Wers it wholly evil mankind would not so universlly reward the successful warrior. It appears in the guise of the avenger of the nght. It is the shadow of patriotism, the guardian of our heartbe, our homes, and loved ones. Hence the onthusissm it awakens. War bas, it capnot be disguired, dome much for .the world. Out of its evil has come forth good. The whole history of tbe animaied crea- tion is ove of struggle snd warfare, in which the fittest survive. 1n tho contests of oations tbe aceptre has gone over to those who could wring it from all others. And, although might is nct right,—sinoe man is a moral being,—~to tho mighty belongs the earth, only bocanse to be mighty they must first be right, or have been in the right. But whatever good war may indirectly have produced in the past, it is not the less true that it would bs a biessing .could it be dispensed with sa's means of eettling disputes between oations; could Resson, or even mutual interest, take its placo. There are mauy who bope thst this may yet bo; that arbitration will take the place of war, and future battles bo fought as the United States fought Enrland at Geneva. Diplomacy alone is not sutficiant to settle certain grave in- tornational difficultica. The question of arbi~ tration is exciting a great deal of attention in Europe,—in fact, the world over. The project meots with & great deal of encoursgement in France and Germany. In italy the House of Doputies formallv sanctioned it by vote. On tho 20th of April the Inoternations! Code Com- mittes of the United States held a mesting in New York to coosider the feasibility of mak- ing arbitration a basis of settlement in disputes between nations, and to sgres op principles, in view of an Internationsl Congress to be convened soon to make arrangements for sottling intornational affairs amicably. The samo question had been discussed at & meating of publicists and statosmen held in Brussels in October, 1873, which lsted four days, and at one held abont the same time at Ghent. The advocstes of arbitration feel much en- couraged by the procedent set in the Geneva case, notwithstanding the fact that the Unmited States aud England are not agreed on the inter- Dretation to be put oa the three rules adopted by them mutually. How to move in this matter is, of conrse, & question of the highest im- portance, It is not probeble that Governments will take the initiative, much as they may indi- vidually favor the movement. On individnals this will davolve. | As to the prospects of the saccess of the movement, it bohooves us to sposk with cantion. 8o many apparently imposaible things have beoa accotaplished already that he wonld be bold, in- deed, who would set limits to the possible. Lord Amborly, Prof. Seely, and other gontlemen in Englend, think that war may be sholished by a federation of nations. We have little faith i this methol. The fedoration of nations is, itself, aa hard to effect 2 it is to abolish war. To do away with brute force by a federation of the Btates of the world wounld be to accomplish the impossible by the mors impoasible. Neither will tho preaching of the commandment *Love one another * doit. “ Loveoao suother™ has beon presched for well-nigh 2,000 years, snd atilf men will muke war on one another. A more practical suggostion would be 80 to organizo the world that no ation can afford to go to war, snd that the world at large, conmstently with its own wmatorial interests, cannot afford to sllow any two nations Lo engage in hostillties one against tho other. When the moral law is reinforced by interest, it is most apt to be obsorved. This shonld, porhaps, not be so. But it isa pateat fact that itiaso, and we may as well take the world as we find it. Commercs is & grest civilizinginfiuence. Free trade s o great proacher and evangelizer. It makes the -interest of a natfon the interost of all, and, thanks to the network of mutusa! inter- ests {n which it involves all the nations of the earth, makes the anemy of oue the enemy of ali. Freedom of trads will, if allowed tohava its way, hasten the time when the common sense of all will hold the world In awe. When that day comes common 8enss or resson will taka the place of war. This will ba the ara of arbitration. The New York Herald, in an editorisl of Msy 2, entitled “Two Journala and Two Cities,” compares the number of sdvertizsments it pub- lished on April 39 with the number published by the London Times of & corresponding date. The figures atand thus: London Times 1,846 advertisements, New York Hercld, 3,061 do, On the 18th of April Trx Cricaco TEIBUXE published 2,550 separate advertisements. Lesv- ing the population of the different cities and the age of the journals out of the question, Tae Cmcaco Tamuxe lesds the London Z'imes 700 sdvartisamagly, zid waats ozly 31t Advar- tisementa to equal the New York Herald. But, relstively to the population of the aty, THE Teprsuse is already the greatest advertising medinm in the world. Thus, while the Times ropresents a city population of nearly three and a half millions, and the Herald of a million aud s half, drawing a5 it does not only from Now York proper, but from Hoboken, Broollyn, Jersey City, and other large suburbs, the pop- ulation of Chicago is less than half & million. From s fair point of comparison, therefore, the advortising literature of Tag Cmcico TRIDUNE is the most remarkable in the world. THE PRE-HISTORIC HORSE. Whed the theory of evolution was first ‘broached Cavier met it by saying + ‘¢ If this is true thore must have been some intermediate form between the paleotherium, with its three toes, and the borse, with ita one toe; produce that form or absndon the theory thatis un- tenable without it.” The missing link has since been found by an American scientist, Prof. 0. C. Marsh, of Yale. , ' For soveral years Prof. Marsh hos Jed to the Western Plains, every summer, a party of explor- ers. He has Qone this at great personal ox- pense. But he was willing, liko a second Rich- ard, to give his kingdom for s horse, aud by spending part of it he has got what he wanted, When America was discovered it contained no ‘Thorses and norelated animals, such 3 thequagga, zebra, or ass. The Indian autiquitiea bore no pic- ture of a horse, no sign of its presence, from the Northwest Passsge to Cape Horn. At least .nothing of the sork has ever been found, unless, indeed, we cobsider that a horee-bone picked up in one of the ruined cities of America is of equal ago with tho city. This absencs of all record was a strong point 2gainet the theory that horses lived on this Con- tinent in pre-historic time. The ruins of Asis and Africa abound with sculptured horses. In Europe the homes of the cave-dwellers cor- tained, when discovered, traces of the pressnce of such animals. A reindeer-hora found in the cavern of La Madeleino, Dordogne, France, has scratched upon it seven figures of horses. DBut 1o such mementoes hava been found in Amorica. The Indians had no legends, even, abdut the animal. De Soto's horso was a marvel to the Cherokees. They instantly namad 1t * the ani- mal with & single tinger-nail,"—that is, tho hoof. Science has translated their name into Latin and used it. The rocks bave now borna testimony to the truth that seemed so false. The horse did exist in America before the Spaniards land- ed. Prof. Marsh has found in the eocene drifts the fossil remsains of the orohippus, =n animal about as large aa a fox, with four toes on ita front, and thres on its hind feet, all of which touched the ground. The miocene period hes yiolded up the miohippus and the aacitherium. They wero the size of & shesp. Each had three toes on each foot, all of which touched the ground. The side-toes of tha ancitherium were smaller than those of the miohippus. The pliccens éra hid in its rocks, before the pick dislodged them, the fossilized skeletons of the hipparion and the pliohippus, both of which were a8 large a3 an ass. The former bad three tocs, but only ome of them touched the ground. The latter had but one. Another one-toed species, the equus, s large or farger than the present horse and very like it, has lso been disinterred from its stony grave. Our horses sometimes hsve a superflnous hoot attached tothe real one. This may be & re- appearance of the ancient type. The many-toed hoof was of use in crossing the grest marshes into which the Iskea that once coversd Western Amorica graduslly dried. The single-toed hoof is the best form for flight and defense. As the marshes disappoared, the horss of many toes found it~ gelf unable to flee from its enemies or to defend itself from them. The one of fewest toes hod the beat chance of life. Thus, the *survival of tha fittost” resulted in the gradual development of the *“animal with a single finger-nail.” These facts, like most of"those of science, have a religious bearing. The inspiration of the Baok of Mormon has often been denied, because it mentions horses and ssses as existing hero in pre-historic time. The Mormons are, therefare, jubilant ovor Afarsh’s discoveries. A NEW BUGGESTION IN RAPID TRANSIT. We have received the following interesting letter, which suggeats s new way of solving the rapid-trausit problem : Tothe Editor of The Chicago Tribune : 8i& : I have waded through m:ch monsense lately published on elevated, undergroand, and back-alley railroads, expecting to find sugyested the only simple practical plan which has oceurred to me. ot belog o civil engineer, it will require but littls space to present it to tho readers of Taxr TRIBUNT, who will appreciate its advantages without elaborate argument. 1t is simply to run cars under our sidewslks, This would require s single track without switches (under two sldewn.ks), beiween two perpendicular walls, upon which would rest the walk as now, the walk be- ing elavatad, 837,12 inches above tha streat-bed, which space being open, woald afford light and veatilation. No oxcavating, srching, or expensive masonry wauld be required except at street-crossings. For economy in space, building and repairing, durability, capacity, scceasiblllty, safaty, ete., etc., no other road propased approsches this, while, in my optnion, to none can be preaented 50 few objections. To provoke an exprosaion of these ia the object of thid article. Respectfully, L. G. SosoFiELD, ‘Wae have submitted this plan to two civil engi- Deers, who concur in considering it pecfoctly practicable. The main objections to be over- come are the numerous pockets of quicksand in the soil through which the somi-tunnel must be excavatod, the difiiculty of ventilation, the jar- ring of the foundations of buildings near at hiand, and the interference with the sewsge sys- tem. The firat two objections apply to all un- derground plans.* Engineering skill esn over- coma the first benesth the aidowalks, as it did beneath the lske. Thera might, howoer, be some danger, when s large quickeand picket was struck, that adjoininghouses would cavo in. This would be especially true of hesvy business blocka. Btill the danger would be small. The proposed tunnel would be better off as regards ventilation tban most tunnels are. The eide- walk over it would be 12 or 13 inches in the cloar above the street. It would be supported, not by 4 carb-stons, but by long, low iron archos, which would allow frae iogressof air. This would probably be insufficient, however, even if sup- plemented, 88 it might be, by a perforated iron sidowalk. But sufficient quantities of air conld bo forced into the tunnel by means of conden- sers and pipes. Tho jar caused by well- filled passenger-trains paseing rapidly with- in & few feet, perhaps a few Inches, of ‘the foundation wall of & buildlng wounld be cousidersble. 3Mr. W. L. B. Jeuney bas anggeated the possibility of greatly dimin- ishing this earthquake effect by using an endlesa wire rope, drawn by etationary engines as the motive power. He would bavae the rope revolve constantly, whether cars were moving or not. When 8 train wes to start the wirs would be oould be swung sidewsys from each car. The rope would bang along the train to tho next station. There tho withdrawal of the clamps and the application of brakes would bring it to/a atand-still,. This method would secure 8 more aven motion, and would dispense with thoheavy Jocomotives otherwise necessary. DBoth these facts would diminish the jar. Tho indirect ad- vantages would be the absence of stonm and smoke, and the possibility of making the tunnel lower then it would bave tobein order to per- mit the passage of a locomotive. A depth of nine or ten feot would be sufficient. This would pave oxcavation, which is no easy matter in our shifting soil. Th city’s sewage system scems at first an insapersble obstacle. Qur sewers have to rise steadily from the water in order to get s Bnfiicient slope. At Western avenue they are very near the surface, The proposed sub- gidewalk roadway would cut off all the conuections of houses with the main sewer of the street. Even in the heart of the city the sowers are not deep enough to be below the levelof such a road- bed, much Jess at the outskirts. The difficulty can be met thus: A sewer must be bailt on the inside of the tunnel half s mile or a mile long. All the houses in that distance would drain into this. At its end an U-shaped pipe, passing under the tunpvel, would coonect it with the main sewer. A cesspool on the inner carve of tho T would catch the solid matter too heavy to be forced up the othor side. Thiscesspool conld be easily cleaned, at regular intervals. A series of such side-sewers would drain the whole street. Mr. Schofield’s plan strikes na as the best of all the underground schomes, if the engineer- ing art can overcoms the obstacles. The space his railway would occapy is of little value. ‘Where it fa used at all it holds only coal-vaults, ‘water-closets, etc. The streets would have tobe tornup only at the crossings. The Company, in return for the right of condemning the needed land, might justly be required to strengthen the fonndation-walla on one side and the curb- wall on the other, and to lay stone-sidewalks for the roof of its tunnel. It would thus benefit property in more ways than one. Men who ought to know believe that the main objections urged against the scheme are pot sufficiently weiglity to connterbalsnce the arguments in its favor. Some of them can be overcome. The others can be borne. It seoms, 28 we bave said, the best of the underground plans, and is cer- tainly worthy the mature consideration of civil enginoars in connection .with the problem of intramural transit. ‘WORKING UNDER PRESSURE. Ttis said that Americans dis young because they work at high-pressure. Under such cir- cumstanccs, the steamboat is apt to blow up and the man to fall down,—both ere they have run their race. The young American is certainly not anxious to die. Yet he pursues the basty life that is well-nigh sure to kill him promaturely ; partly from necessity," it is true, for whan men ran, ha who walks must lose the race, but partly from choice also. The “whip in the sky,” of of which an Atlanfic post sang some montns since, lashes Americans on elsewhere than in New England. This working under pressure s bad for tbe worker, no doubt, bat is it for the work 2 Bome of the world's best handiwork hes been done under the spur of necessity. The page that is written while the publisher's messenger i8 knocking at the door for *‘more copy” is somatimes the best part of the book. Some of Sir Walter Bcott's finest work was done at the 1ast momont left him by his bargain with the booksellers. Later in life, when crushing care ‘bad come upon him, his jaded brain did not re- spond so readily to such s stimuius, But then -he had to write at high-pressure constantlv. Phere waa no breathing-space of idleness. Such 1abor not only Lills but palsies before it elays. Good work under pressure is dons only when tho time & prudent man would have davoted toit bas first beon spent in_indolence, or somothing skin to it. Rossinl affords an admirable example of the spur pecassity may be to s maa. * Nothing," said he, ** excites inspiration like nocessity; the presence of a copsist waiting for your work, and the viow of & manager in desoair tearing out his hair by handfuls. In Itely, in my time, all, the managers were bald st $0. 1composed ths overture to ‘Othello’ in s small room in the Barbajs Palace. whers the baldest and most ferocions of managers bad shut me up by force, with nothing but s dish of macaroni and the threst that T should not leave the place alivo until T had writteu the last note. I wrate the overtare (o the ‘ Gazza Ladra’ on the day of ths first performance, in the upper loft of the La Scals, where I had been confined by tho maz- ager, under the guard of four acene-shifters, who had orders to throw my text out of the win- dow, bit by bit, to copyists, who were waiting below to transeribe it. In default of music, I was to be thrown out of the window mysalf.” These two notable instances are both examples of sdmirable intellectual work under prassure. A gigantio amonnt of physical labor has been done ip the same way, as when Paris ponred bodily ioto the Champde Mars in Februsry, 1790, snd shaped the flat plain iato a vast am- phitbeatre with a speed that was miraculous. This, in truth, shows itself in small ways from day todsy. A man flees from a fire with & bur- don ho could mot, 8t ordinary times, carry & hand's-breadth. A drowniog man clutchea at a straw with strepgth that would twiet iron. But such efforts cannot be often re- peatsd. Work that consumes & large part of overy day must be done methodically and coolly. It may lack the brilliant finish that passionate labor gives, but brillisncy is a quality rarely re~ quired. Solidity is the thing needed, and mothod often insures golidity. Only when 3 msn csn afford to rest before and aftar & spasm of foil can he afford to be spasmodic. ‘The luxury of doing work well under pressurs belongs cnly to people who are wholly their own masters. When & week-day means a work-day of &0 many hours foraver and evor, we must e'en jog along st & steady, sober pace. It may mot injure & race- horno that has been resting for weaks to runat topmost apoed sround & two-mils course, but it would ba apt to kil 3 buck. Inthe willof the lste Countees of Loudon occurs the following singular request: 1 arther wish my right hand to be cut off and burled {n the park at Caatle Domington, ot the bend of the hill to the Treat, and a small cross or sione overit, with the motto, *1 byds my tyme.” 'This curious wish of the decenssd Conntess has been very extensively publlshed, sud for s long time without auy explanation. An explanation, howover, has yecently been farnished by an Eoglish newspaper. <The bend of the hill to the Trent overlooks a county seat of the Queen of Englaod. When Victoria was very young, s sisfer of the Countess was one of her maids of honor. Owing to her free and thonghtless man- nerscandalons stories were ciroulated abous ber, and ks young Quaen, huateid of xhisidlag b, banished her from the Court. The 8taries wery subgequently proved uatrue, but mot untj) n;, girl had died of a broken heart. From that timg the Conntess abjured all lova and respect for gy, Queen. She never appeared in Court or pon ayy public fete-dss, and always insisted that her maurdered sister would be revenged. The Eitdar. ness of her fealing iashown in the deflant reqqeg, made in her will. ——— f GOV. AMES ON DUELING, It Gor. Amos, of Mississippi, bas done nogy, fog elss to meke his Gubernstorial term iy, trious, he at lana_t deserves the thanks, not oaly of the people of Mississippi, but also of by whole country, for the resoluto stand whishy, § has taken I rogard to dueling. As Southey Ilinois has long been msade the flghfing~m fox Bt. Louis ronghs and braisers, so Miuiu;m has been made the bloody ground upon whisy the so-called chivalry of New Orleans has fettly it debts of honor. First under Gor, Amep administration came the duel between Col, Rhett and Judge Cooley, in whieh the lattar g killed. Gov. Ames on this occasion docided gy to interfero, belioving, a2 the harm was dow, that it would be a preventive for the fature, The Governor's reasoning, howevor, was not ey sound. The msn who kills his opponeas iy s Quel is usually regarded 8 & hero byt scions of chivalry. Soon nother duel Zollowgs & betyween wo citizens of New Orleans who by f a mutual misunderstandiog which could not settled except by shooling at each cther, A usual, they came over to Mississippi and fonghs, The Governor grew & litile angry and impa. tient; but, 83 00 0no was hurt, and as thers wey 10 heroes, he said nothing. Noxt followed ity duel between Phillips and Bienvenn, also g Missiesippi 8oil. The Iatter was killed. They tho Governor determined to stop thia kind of work, and he telegraphed the anthorities ty arrest all persons engaged in fighting duelt iy the Btate, and to prosecato them to the full axtent of the lsw. Nothing intumidated by this orde, another chivalrous couple came over the ou& day, armed with pistols and equipped mth ‘wing, cigars, and eatables, and nccompanied byy squad of newspaper-reporters to chronicle thaiy valiant deeds. 2o one was badly hurt ; but tis whole crowd was locked np, aud the Govamur was notified that there was a jail-fall of chinaly K st his disposal. The temper of the Goversot may be inferred from his own worda: “Ipr pose to hava them all indicted and punished, u anexample., Iam going not only to find trm bills against them, but also against the partid. pantsin the others; and if I cannot gat them v this Stato I will fssue requisitionsand have then brought here xui ried. They noed not thie becausa it is the custom in Loulsinns, thatitls, or i8 going to be, the custom in this State, I [ can't get witnesses sgainst them I will hwe some one of the number to tarn State's evi dence, and will convict them on that. If thy all rofuss to teatity, then I can, under the ha i of this State, send them to jail until one does” § Buch {anguage 28 this means buginess, and izd 3 cates that the chivalry of New Orlaans will lan to do ita fighting at home or run risks of im :i prisonment, which must be very distressiog ta those who bave such s fine senas of houor. The Goverror's policy, se he snnouncesil, re duces dueling to the same rank with prize fighting, and the duelist to the same rask with the bruiser who fights far monsy instead of honor, and punishes hin @ the same manner. His policy is s timely one Dueling 1s 3 rslic of barbarism which shorld b suppressed by the law, snd it canbe best sup- pressed by reducing the duelist to the valg grade of the profeasional prize-fighter. Thers is in reality little difference between them. Prize-fighters atruggle to see which is the Leftat man 23 their code goes, Duelista stroggle als é to gee which is the better mas 28 their code goes. The bruiser moets his opponent because the 1atter bas presumed to doubt his prowesssd skill in the macly art. The duelist mscts bir opponent on very much the same ground, be cause his opponent has presumed to doabthix cournge. If thers beany difference in mach- ness it is on the side of the prize-fghter, aabs fights with pature's weapons. When drelingid treatad s & vulgar crime, 20d puaished as ce: offenses against the public peace are punished, it will s0on become unpopular, and hot-beaded chuvairy will be compelled to find some olist means of appeasing its testy honor. LITERARY FRIVOLITIES. ? BY PROY. WILLIAM MATHEWE. ’J A history of the misdirected lsbors cf the bz 5‘ mao race would form one of the moct curiont 4 and instractive, as well a3 one of the most vob 1% uminous, booka that could be compiled. I would show that, whilo utility has beeu s sbarp spur to human effort, difficulty and the loveof gg praise have farnianed motives equally powerfck %} Not to speak of the pyramids, thoso rionoisins ! of masonry, which, though coating the aitorsal : thousands for many years, servo only asmozdt- A ments of humaa folly; or of huge walls suetch ing along the length of an Empire; orof th : costly monuments reared to perpotuate the roed* ory of things which men should beanxiousit forget, or of the ocesns of time wasted intie profitloss resoarches of astrology, Imazic, qusé rature of the circle, perpetual motion, ete.; i3 uaglance for s fow moments at so:ae of (s fruts of » similar foily in the literary Here, after all, will be found the mot: prodigsl waste of time and labor, as the faratretckiny Baharas of uselegs, and worse than usclet. ‘books that greet the eye in every Bodlelid Library will testify. There are authora whobav written hundreds of volumes, folio, quarto, ot octsvo, tall of the veriest commonplace. 824 which now not only sleop quietly apd undi ; tarbed on the shelvaes, but which respect {urlL‘-b humao understaoding compels mne to beliew could never have found even yawning readeré. Perhapa theology may clnim to be the Arsbis ¢ ot literature, for here ars far-reschung wastes % 4 Groat Deverts of books, in which ons might 2 travel for ages, could he get s leasa of life " 7 newable forever,” without findiogs ninflfl'\'fl‘ £ aant spot to reliove the oye or cheat tho paiaf3! jourpey. Inone of the immenso Lbraries Continental Eqrope there I pointed cus toi traveler one entiro side of 5 Joog kall #iled 7itd nothing but treatises on a certsin IF ol point fn dwinity, all of WS S ae now but 8o muh od m:‘-x'-f neglected even by the antiquary, sod fis A for the pastry-cook Or the trunk-maEcr, o 8pace is limitless, and there ara lacgo clams it still uafilled by intangible bodies, it 1)y 563 cruel to grudge thess writings the room they % cupy. Yet one cannot but lament such a8 exn mous waate af labar, nor with the atmos: stal of charity can be refrain from balieving thsh though Naturs may have sbhosred s vaccu® H: tho days of Anstotle, her feelings muck 7’“;] greatly changed since mediocrity bas filled with 80 wrewched apologies for substss®? form. i The celebrated William Pryons, whose wore cat off by CharlesIL, wrots aver 200 bo2Fh nearty all elephantine folios or bulky quartcs & not one of which the most inveiersts b:f:z piouser of our day ever peops imte. Iz 2785 Rov. William Dary, aa obscure suraio in mv:z i slilvs, bigaa writing & U ystin s Drvind) PO SR per