Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 22, 1874, Page 8

1 & . THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, MARCH 22, 1874. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE. TFRNE OT SUBSCRIPTION (PATABLE IS ADY Drily, by mail.....&12.00 | Suodas, Tri-Weekis, 27600 Weekly Parts ot 8 yesr at the Rama mte. = To yresent delay and mistakas, be surs and girs Post ©r ceaddress in fall, including Stato and Connly. Pemittances mes be mads citker by dratt, express, Pos Ofi.ce ouder, or:n registered lotiors, at ourrisk. TERXS TO CITY SUBSCRIDELS. Tafls, deliversd, Sunday exceptea.’ %5 cents per week. Laily, Gelivered, Sunday included, % cents per weck. Adaress . THE TRIBUNE CO3PA Corzer Madison and Dearbora-stx.. Uhicago, 4l TO-MORROW'S AMUSEMENTS. i \ HOOLEY'S THEATRE—Randolnh streot, hetween Giarkand LaSalle, Eocsgementof Jarrow & Palmer's WVICKER'S THEATRE—Madison rireet. botween Dearborn and State. Engagement of Wybert Roeve. *The Woman In White." ACADESY OF MUSIC—Halsted rtroet, batwoen Mad- ison and sfoaroe. Engarement of Mry. Jumes A. Ostes. *"The Grand Duchessof Gerulstein. ADFLPHI and. Cor THEATRE—Corner of Wabash syepue Cougresi<street. Sovon Bisters. 'Lo-Lon Ve atepnlzment. + The 223750 Do Glostans. laines street, between Mad. W A akemeny of the Jgs Brothers and Chinrlss Chnsde's Paniomime Tronpe. **The Will Utbe Wisp.” MYERS' Dearborn snd S -HOUSE Monroe strect, between e agton, Cotton, sud. Kemblot iy and comicalitios. ** Barnum's teh-Dog, " ete. NGS! SIC HALL—Clark_streot, between x.%fin‘ifl'f&i"-mlm by <+ Bt Porkins.” DR.-KAHN'S ANATOMICAL MUSEUM~Yo, 14§ Souck, Tla.k street. ~Scjwnco snd Art. The Chivagy Tribune, Sunda¥ Morning, March 23, 1874. - WOMAR-SUFFRAGE. There is no ood rezson why tho theory, or, a8 ita ndvocates would probably term it. the princi- Ple, of woman-suffrage should not be handled in its relacions to legislation in the same manner o8 other theories sud principles. Its advocates have now wasted several years in stump-spesk- ing of & very foolish and sometimes objectiona- ble character, snd are apparently no nearer the attainment of their object than they were when they commenced. Within the post five yesrs woman hes made s verv decided “advagee, it is trae. She has attsined positionin the post-of- fices, in public libraries, upon school boards, in county clerks’ and recorders’ offices, and in numerous other ‘posttions of s public “fiduciary character, hitherto occnpied only by men, but thia has been sccomplished withont ‘woman-suflrage, and is oot the outgrowth of tho pecaliar agitation of the Miss Anthony sort on the one hand or the Mrs. Woodhali sott on the other. The day of sufirage-ebrieing, of gen- el and unlimited abuse, of vociferous brawl- ing, of the promulgation of all korts of ologies end fems, and of puerile threats has passed, and the camse of woman-suffrage must Test wpon its merits, aud must influence legisla- tion the same ss all other great principles. It must beshown, first, that it is proper and useful; and second, that people want it. If itcanbe thown that woman-suffrage is necessary to the well-being of society, and that 3 majority of the Tomen desire it, there is not a Legislature in the country which will refuse to submit the ‘question to a popular vote. These plain facts indicate to the advocates of ‘womaxz-suffrage their proper policy. They must wark more and talk less. They must make it spparent to ‘législators that the women gener- lly wan: it, and- then they will getit. The action of several Legislatdrea upon the subject is of itself eloquently suggestive of the first duty of the friends of suffrage. InIowa, the Woman-suffrage resolation has passed the Senate by 27 votes and the House by 18 votes. Before it can be submitted to the people for ratification, it must -receive the indorsemont of the mest General Assembly, and the more prominent State newspapers aro of the opinion that it will receive the requisite indorsement. Jnthe Ghio Constitutions! Convention, the ques- tion to submit to popular vote did not prevail,— 48 voting ave and 53 being required, The nega- five vote was a very sinall and informal one, and there was, in reality, no organized opposition to the measure, and no paing wers taken either to pass or to defeat it. The Michi- gen’ Logislature, which is mow specially at work upon constitutional smendments to bo submitted to the people this year, has voted to submit the question of suffrage and ascertain their wishes. In Eansss, where the question has once been submitted to the people and negatived, the House this winter adopted resolutions for woman-suffrago by a large ma- jority, but the Semste; elthough spparently frizudly to the measure, d&id not concur. In the Maine and Rhode Island Legislatures, favorable wetion has becn bad, as in former years, showing = disposition to confer woman-snffrage when- ever the generat welfare of society shall seem to demand it. Tke pasition of the question in all these Leg- fsiatures i vers clearly shown. There is no con- siderable opposition to it, but the legislators lave no evidence that it wonld tend to the well- ‘Leing of eociety, and there is no indication that ‘the women of these States want it. Let the advocates of saffrage only make it clear that thers is s renl demand for their article, and the principal objection to its adoption will be re- moved. The opposition which the leaders of the Tcovement are cornbating, with very absurd and violent spocches, is almost entirely a fiction or ‘their own iasgination, and they will commence to make progress when they cease belaboring this man of straw and convince legislators that the women themselves want suffrage. We do ‘not belisve that one in five of thewm desires it. THE CDDITIES OF MEDICAL SCIENCE. Dr. Brown-Sequard's series of lectures at the ZLoweil Iostitute, in Boston, bave been fuil of carious facts in medicine. The nerves of hear- iog have s peculiar influence upon those of speech. - Their irritation will sometimes mak8a -person utter the most mal apropos things. A promineut member of the Englich Court was obliged to leave it on account of her unfortu- naie hiabit of saying, ! You are very stupid,” or ¢ This is & madvess in you,” to the Queen and eversbedy else. She @id it involunta- ril. Dr. Edouard C. Segumin, whom the New York ZEvening Post calls “The most distinguished living suthority on the subjoect of * idiacy,” knows of & clergyman who had to abandon his profession because ke invariably bogan the Lord's Prager by ssying: * Our Fathor which art in Heaven—lo: Him stay there.” Dr. Brown-Sequard had one patient—a roang lady—who interlarded her talk by slowly eaying: ““Hoo! boo! hoo! hoo!” Hysteria hes been cured by rubbing or preesing various parts of the body,—the big toe, the thumb, the skin back of the ear, etc. The place seems to vary with each patient, so shat it i3 npessseary to experiment io. dopondeally fu “essh ‘easte Hystenssd per | Loy 2ons should therefore be promptly poked by their loving friends as 500z as they show signs of their besetting evil. Dr. Sequard suggests - 88 cures of hysteria, thrusting the patient’s arms into very hot water, or clapping ice on the tzok of ‘the meck when'it is not cxpected. An hysterical wife could probabiy be at once ro- stored to Lealth . by haviog ice heaped on her nock—especially if her dross were new. The Jearned Doctor belicves that vitality is much greater in America thau in Europe. Men recover here from injuries which would be sure death there. Wo do not bleed 8s readily as our irans- Atlantic brethren. We, therefore, do mnot dio a8 readily. This sounds odd. The com- ‘mon impreasion would probably be that, if two ‘men were equally burt, the American would have loss chance of living than the Englishman. Per- haps we ave stronger than we Lnow. Col. Hig- ginson tries to ehow, in the last number of the Woman's Journal, that American women of the and animals ! prescnt day are as strong as their grandmothers were, despite all the talic about their degeneracy. Not only are we as strong as our forefathers, but we may have, under certain conditions, that paculiar halo’ which marks the eaints among them in pictures, and is supposed to have marked the saints themselves when they were in the body. Dr. Drown-Sequard says: * Light can be evolved as a iansformation of nervous forco,” Incaseaof disesse, light bas appeared at the head of the pationt, and been radiated into the room. “4 A terrible atate of nervousdess” is a prerequisite to such a phenomenon. It has been suggested by a commentator on this lecture that. the idoa here given explains the eninlly balo! We lmow that the halo was used origi- nally 88 o mere mark of power. Monarchs were represented with it. The lesders of mankind aro apttobomen of great nervous energy. That energy may have sometimes been transformed to flickering light, and so may have suggestod the ides of tho painted glory around s great men's head. Descending from men to brates, we find that the latter can often be quioted when in the wildest stafo of oxcitement by s rubbing or even tonching of the nose. Rarey is said to have tamed horses by breathing into their nostrils, The veracions Catlin, the deseriber of the Tadians of the West, says that wild norses, laasoed on Texan plains, are madoe perfectly tame by their captors’ breatliing into their nos- trils! The same authority gravely avows that, if s man catches a buffalo-calf and expels air from his lungs itto its nostrils, it will follow him like a dog for five or six miles. Theeo cases all rest, of course, upon tho kuown influence thet an irritated perve in any part of the body has upon the brain. They suggest a needed improvement on our present barbarons way of killtng mad dogs. Policemen, instead of hunting the animsls through crowded streets, and emptying their revolvers in the chase, might seize the dogs firmly and breathe into their nostrils. Instant recovery would ensue. Thero - would be no owners sorrowing over their pots, and no dead dogs Iying abont the etreets. But policemen, the world cver, are the elaves of & blue-coated tradition, and they cannot keep up with the rapid strides of ecience. BENAN ON POPE AND EAISER. Inthe last number of tbe Rerue des Deux Aondes M. Renan roviews the politico-religicus situation in Germany and other European coun- tries from the advanced Liberal point of wiew. 1t cannot Lo said that Renan isnot a partisan, or that he is withont biss of sny lKind. But, al- though a partisen, inasmuch as be is an avowed Tiberal, he can afford to be impartisl when the controversy is between the Catkolic Church and Germady. Andheis peculiatly fitted to pass s sound judgment on the matter. He can under- stand the Catholic Charch. To do so he has only to look back to the time when he was s devout Catholic himself, and tho inmate of s Catholic eeminary, preparing himself for tho Catholic priesttood. He can understand Ger- ‘many, too, for, slthough a Frenchman by birth, he is no typical Frenchwan. His mind is cast in too cosmopotitan a mold for that. Besides, ha bas been a profound student of German liter~ sture, German life, and the different phases of modern civilization. For all these reasons he is competent to'speak on the great questions agi- tating Eurépe. Renan does not coneider the conflict now go- ing on in Germany & conflict between the party of liberal thought—nor yot between Protestant- ism—and the Catholic Church. Bismerck's tac- tics in the battle he is waging against the Church are net the tactics of liberalism or free-thought. Liberalism respects the conscience, and coneid- ers it no part of the business of ihe State to *redeem men from what it may consider supersti- tion. True, Bismarck says that he does not in- tend to interfera with the rights of the Catholic conacience, but, nevertbeless, he does o, since by his legislation he has mede ihe practice of their religion impossible to Catholics. Neither is Bismarck working in tho interests of Protest- antism. What he is endecvoring to do is to Germanizo, not Protestantize, the Church. Re- nan thinks that Bismarck has made & great mis- tale in his politico-religions policy, and that he would never hsve insugurated it had be under- stood the Catholicmind, or the Catholic's attach- ment to his faith, It must not be supposed, howaver, that Renan comes forward as the champion of Catholicism. Farfromit. He would not persecute it, how- ever, beeanso Oatholicisr. hus always thriven on persecution. . Reuan would leave it alone—ouly teo that it 6id £ot interfere with the equal rights of others. He thinks that Catholicism has en- tered ou its decline ; that ite history henceforth wili bo like {5at of Judaism; that it will bo wanderer on tke carth, dreaming over its past ‘magnificence. The time has come in the evolu- tion of Earopean aflairs when the relation of the Catholic Cburch to the modern State must be definitely settled. It has come in the conflict of two Powers, both of which, antagonistic and different as they are, attained their maximum of force at the same time—the infallible Pope and the all but absolute Kaiser. Pius IX, is thought of by many a8 an easy-going, amiable old gen- tleman. Yet, a5 Renan remarks, his reign is in some respects the most extraordinary in the his- tory of the Papacy. To sy nothingof itslength, it has given him sn’opportunity to display a marvelous individuslity and to insugurate sn ec- clesiastical policy ‘which, it successful, would placobim sbove Gregory VIL. and Boniface VIIL Renan seems to think that Pius IX, hes made of the Chuxch &, cast-iron system which cannot vield, but which must bresk, and thet his sac- cessors will have ot alternative but to follow out that policy, since ho has cut off all means of re- treat from it. Prussis and the Nationsl German party are as strong in one direction as the Papacy in the other, whils there is scarcaly a 8iate in Eaurope that is friendly to or has the power to belp the Pope. . . Thus, i appesrs, Bonka's visws of the politis co-religious situstion in Gormany are not unlike those already oxpressed in Tre TRIBUNE. and he agrees with us, too, that there is but oric solu- tionto the religious question—in the present age—the recognition by religious organizations of the fact that their kingdom is not of this world. MISS DICKINSON'S LECTURE. A number of the most cmivent clergymen in the city have extended sn invitation 1o Miss Anna Dickinson to deliver a lecture on the Social Evil. Wo undérstand that this lecture is directed mainly to tho end of exciting offorts | to reach sud reform the abandoned women who are the chief sufferors from the Evil. Thelecturo may thereforo bave & good tendency. Never- thetess, wo think that the invitation is not to be commended. Miss Dickingon is a young, uomarried woman,~the last person in the world to have any knowledge of the social evil, unless she Las made-it o special study, aod thisis the lasi study in the world which & young, unmarried woman should makea specialty,—at all events for public entertain- ment. The clergymen who have signed the vitation have given countenance to a public dis- cussion of the Social Evil by & well-informed young lady. Wo presume that most of them, upon reflection, will conefude that this is not the sort of thing that the approval of the churcl should be accorded to. PROF. SWING'S HERESY. ' The Inferior has discoversd another flaw in Prof. Swing's orthodoxy, in addition to the “Sabellian doctrine of & modsl Trimty,"—the nature of which wa recently sought to unravel In its lnst number it says that *The morsl-in- fluence thoory-of the Atonement is the leading sotoriological heresy just now, and ono sgainst which Presbyterians need be on their guard.” This occurs in an article showing.that Dr. Bushnell,holding, as ha does, the moral-influenco view, ns opposed to tho espiatory view of the Atonement, could %ot be admitted mto the Presbyterian Church, and the inference is, that Prof. Swing holds substan- tially the same views as Dr. Bushnell, and hence 8 & soteriological heretic sud & bad Presbyto- rian. Wo grant that tbo Sabellisn doctrine of a modal Trinity is simply disbolical; but we aro not #o clear about soteriology. Unless Mr. Me- Cormick and FProf. Patton can show that & sote- riologist is more depraved and hardaned thana Sabellian, we shall still think that Prof. Swingis orthodor, even though Dr. Bushnell bo rushing to swifi destruetion. TEREE EFCOHS, AND THEIR COST. There are three events in the uistory of every person which are presumably of coosiderable personal importance—birth, marrisge, and death. Very few people at the timo of birth take any immediate interest in that event, although, for the practics of law, real-estate operations, fo- ‘male crusades, support of families, and other necessities, it i an indispensable prerequisite. In the sccond ovent, every person, except old Lackelors and old maids, takes a peculiatly lively interest. In the third, .few, ex- cept the very pgood people, havs anyihing but & remotoe intercst, and the remoter the avent' the more satisfactory it is likely to prove. Bome people regret that they were born, and wouldn't have been if they could have had a yoice in the matter; but most people are thankful forit. Somo people regret that they were married ; but most people are thankfal forit. Whather any ono regreta that ho died is & puzzle not Lkely to be solved until telegraph communication can be established with the invisible world. -With the smount of interest that is taken in these three events, it moy be still more interesting to krow what these three ovents cost, and how much money i8 speot in this country snnually in getting born, getting married, and getting buried. According to the last: cemsus, there wera 1,100,475 births ir the United States. Iuvis safe to presume that the doctor's bill for bringing the yonthful stranger into this world will average £20. The nuree is an expensivo. luzury, and, o8 she is the autoerat of ths house- Told from thred to fonr weeks, at the average of £20 per week, it is safe to set down 260 as her allowauce for {aking care of the child, fighting the docror, keeping the mother quiet, end tho paterfamilias under subjection. In this estimate we do not include tho beer which the pro- fessional nurse consumes, 2s that is a ne- cessity of the situation, the money value of which can hardly be compated; neither tho " wear and tear of the household serenity which this useful creature occasions during ‘the brief supromecy. Thero is ome more itein which enters tho birth expense. Every womau hasa pride in her offspring, and, if she has ome vanity more pronounced than another, it is that her baby shell have as complete and elegant a troussean a8 Mrs. Jones'. ' The troussesu there- fore may be set down at $75. Then there are other little incidentals, like rubber rings, raltles, soothing syrup, and baby carriages, which will awell the whole amount to about $260 per head. Multiplying this by 1,100,475, tho number of births o8 set down in the census, and the reader will ot once sce that tho annual crop of babies costs the country $220,095,000. Having ‘been born and paid for, it is the next duty of this costly human being to get married. The num- ber of marriages annually in this country is vot given.in the census, and we can only get at it approximately. In Cook County there wero 6,419 licenses imsued in 1873 by, the Clerk. This gives one marrisgo to every 70 of the population. Applying-this ratio to tha entire_ population of the country, there are about 520,— 000 marriages per annum. For every marriage there are certain absolute necessities of & cash nature. The minister must be paid his fee, averaging, say, $20. Troussesus are cheap at 9300. An ordinary wedding-supper will averago £95, and the flowers a lile amount. The newly- married pair will bo lucky if their wedding- trip does not cost them $100. Almost every one can afford @ 25 wedding-ring ;.and that indis- pensablo litfle document, the license, is the cheapest, although 'the most important, item in the whole list, costing 6214 cents. We have, therefore, the following bill for marrying, paid annually by the people of this courtry: Alinisters’ fees, This does not include the inducements which wure offered during courtship, and the influences which are brought to bear to tempt the feminine party of the second part into the marital ~con~ tract, such as buggy-rides, oyster-suppers, opera~ going, theatre expences, bouquets, kid gloves, and small bijouterie, without which no approach canbe made to the female silections. Phese would probably swell the totdl 0 & rotnd §950,000,000. Tho last expense in the three copochs is that of dying. Thera were, accord- ing to the lsst census, 492,263 deaths in - the United States. It i3 utter- Jy impossible for a man to dio ro- spectably and be buried decentlv short of 2150, The undertaker is an expensive luxury, and the doctor who helps you out of the world ; the flow- ors, wreaths, and crosses ; the carrisges which eacort you ; tho lot in which you are laid away, and the stone which is put above you to bold you down, while it tells all sorts of stories about you, sr¢ also expensive fuxuries. Although the person who makes all this tronble doesn't pay the bills himself, nor care anytbing about them, eome one has to pay them; and this item costs | the country £73,839,450 annually. Summing up, therefore, wo find the total bill 88 followa: Getting bor.... Getting marrie Getting buried. Total . R 1t is & question which the Philosophical So- ciety, tho Sunday-Afternoon Lecturo Socioty, and other organizations in this city laboring for the good of mankind, might well consid: how this expense can be spared. Tiwo of tho items the debtor nover authorizes, and the thirdisa necessity and a protection to saciety which ought to be provided gratis. The amoant which marrying costs, if saved and put at inter- est, would coma to a goodiysum. W ata aware that the averages wo Lave made are high, since el people are not born, do not marry, aud ean- not be buried i first-class style; but, on the other hand, there are inaidertals to birth, mar- tiage, and death—swhich aro the sum and sub- stance of a mortal careor, after all—that wo could not include. They are all costly, and the practical societies we have named might discuss them to advanlage from this point of view. THE COMING CCCE-FIGHT. Yeaterday's paper contained a copy of an sgreement between o Lowsville man gnd a Chi- cago man, by virtue of whicl ench is to produce twenty-one chickens ona day named, to be matched in twenty-one fights; each party to stako $100 on each of twenty fights, and £1,000 cn the twenty-first fight. Tho aggregate amount of money staked on the chickens i3 £6,000; This does not include the side bets made by the owaners and the fraternity. Several thousand visitors are expected to be present sud pay S5 head to witness the * batiles,” and, as these aro to last during two whole days, the consumption of liquor, the hiro of horse-flesh, and the gen- eral * refreshments ” used on such occasions will run the total expenditure up to $30,000 or 240,000, N We do not propose, however, to discnss tho economical featuros of the question, but enter & protest against this species of bratality, and to iosist that it be prevented by tho police, or, if persisted in, that all the persons concerned in it, whother principals, steke’bolders, or visitors, be arrested and fined. Thelaw of the State punish- ing cruelty to animals provides that— Any person who ebail keep or use, or in any way be connected with, or interested in the management of, or ebiail Toceive money for the admission of sny person to ony place kept or used for the purpose of fighting or Laiting any bull, bear, dog, cock, or other creature, nnd every person who sball encoursge, sid, or assist therein, or who sball permit or suffer any place to be “50 kept or used, and every person who shell visit such place 50 kept or nieed, or who shall be found therein, ehall urion conviction thercof bo punished for every such offcnse in the same munmer provided in Soo- ton 1, B The punishment provided in Bection 1 is a fine not less than 250, and not exceeding 100, Here is the low 80 plain that no person can fail to underetand it. Every persun connected with the fight, intercsta in the receipts for ad- miesion, or visiting iho fight, or found on the Dremises, is subject to tho samo penalty. The law is a good one. It ia in aid of public decency, and seeks to prevent brutality. There is noth- ing to mark any distinction between s cock-fight and a dog-fight or a bull-fight, or that emi- nently Darwinian spectacle,—a prize-fight. These chickens are far more respectable than 'the men who are training them, or those who | will flock to see them fight. Can there be a more debasing spectacle in-the world than that of 3 pair of dumb animals, baving no enmity to each other, urged by s congregation of low-browed humans to lance ont each other's eyes, tho humaps meanwhile bettiog their money on the death of one or the other of the fowls? The law properly stamps these brutalizing ex- hibitions ss criminal, and punishes them sccord- ingly. This series of fights, or tournaments,’ which is to take place on the 8th nnd 9thof April, proposes to pit these forty-two cocks against ono another, and the ‘“battlo” between each pair is to last untit one is killed or refudes tofight. As the lest rarely occurs,. each fight inciudes the dcafh of one bird, and frequently of both. By the published terms of this series of battles, the coclis are to be provided with steel “gaffe,” oneand a half inches long, m order to render the killing more certain, It is announced that this affair is to be kept “ regpectable™ by charging an sdmission fee of 85, which, it is gravely stated, yvill keep all loaf- ers and vagrants away. The stake-holder has i the reputation of being concerned in one or | more gambling-houses in this city, and therefcrs i his associates and partners are not, we suppose, of the vicious class who are to be excluded. This personis to give the moral tone and respect= ability which are to distinguish this cock-fight, or series of cock-fights, from -all others. The exhibition itself best defines the character of those who will attend it, and, as all thoge who do attend will be sble to pay the fine, there is ar. additional reason why the police should arrost overy one concerned and preseni. If the police do their duty, snd tho officors of the Humane Bociety are vigilant, this unseemly and cruel ex- hibition will not be allowed to take place. 0ES OF THE WAVE. During the recont passsge of the Cunard steamer Algeria from New York to Liverpool, a storm, beginning on the 23d and continuing until tho 27th, ibrestened the dostruction of the steamer. Onthe 26th, whils the gale was at its flercest, and while the officers on deck were strapped to the bridge and to the wheel, & dis- mantled brig was discovered at & distance. The steamer was directed towards the wreck, and; despite the fury of the storm, was brought within reach of it. Capt. Lott, of the Algeris, 2ddressing his crew, told them that he would order no one to go to the rescme, but, if any chose ‘to volunteer, he would permit them to go. A'boat's crew, under Third-Officer Hartford and Boatswain White, volunteered, and, after being three times capaized, the life-boat was launched, and stsrted in the dark upon its errand of mercy. An hour later it returned with eight rescued eailors. 8o violent was the storm thet it took some hours to get these men and the crew, of tho. life-bost on board the stesmer; but they were all eventually resoued, ana t46 stoamer tesumed her.voyagé, The pas- sengers subscribed €500 for the heroic sailors who had thus successfally braved deathto rescue their fellow-meu, but the pecuniary reward was 83 nothing to the honor which will forever at- tach to the names of the hecoes.” The wrecked vessel was the Norwegian brig Fodlin, and had been dismantled thirty-six hours before it was discovered by the Algeria. FLOUNCES AND FURBELOWS. 1t is not so very long since Pepys was writing, in his quaint diary, of the plum-colored velvet of which his new clothes were made. Gold- smith nsed to prattle to his friends abott the rare canary-colored coat be bad done his tailor outof. Washington, stripped of his powdored and beribboned queus, his knee-breeches, his silk hose, and his silver buckles, would be Wash- ington no longer. We always think of him in this way, even when the scene and time are that bitter winter at Valley Forge. Little by little, this barbarous richness of dress has faded awsy. Tho breeches have grown longer; the loso shorter. Ruffles have doscended from the Losoms of gentlemen to those of blacidegs. Rainbow hues have faded into sober black and white. So universsl hes been the change that tho only difference in appearance between guest and servant nowadays is in color of face and texturo of glove. English Judges, howover, | smotherod in their colossal: and curly wigs, serve as reminders of the days that are gove. As man has emerged from the bewigged, bepow- dered, beruffled stage of development, woman bas snatched at'thp gauds the sterner sex throw asido, and has mede goda of them. The modern woman i heir to all the ages of fashion, and wears the hair of ail the ages on her head and the clothes of ali the ages on her body. She dovotes hours of each day to dress and dressing. She keeps the poor out of her church by plaging peacock there herself. Itis a fair question whether woman’s passion for bright colors and elaborate garments, long after civilized man has outgrown the fecling, is not a proof of ber present inferiority to him. Man- kind and some insects develop in precisely con- trary ways. Wo go through the batterfly stage first, and thou grow into the sober chrysalia. All barbarians are fond of gaudy show. Red flannel and glass-beads are the fall ress of Amer- ican Indjan acd African negro. * Barbaric mag- nificence * is a catchword. Woman willdoubtless grow out of her bondege to flounces aad far- bolows. She will learn that it is no mors a breach of good tsste for a woman to Wear one dress through the parties of a season than for s man to wear one dress-suit. She will appreciate the fact that no comhination of colors can be a8 steadily effective and beautiful as tho heavy folds of ablack silk that sweeps from brond shoulders and heslthy waist to the ground. Her cumbroug castlo of hair mill come down, and her locks will 1all in curls or be knotted loosely at the back of her head, after the unvarying Greek model. Then o shall have the Venus that Greek scalptors fashioned out of fancg, plus life and drapery, walxing the earth again. THE AMERICAN WONDER-LAND. The explorations of Hayden, Langford, and others, have given the American people a vague notion of the marvels df that elfin region that lies about the sources of the Yellowstone. So wonderful bas the section been regarded, that, just two years ago this month, Congress passed an sct setting apart an area some 60 miles square as “a National park or pleasuring ground, for the benefit and epjoyment of the peo- ple.”” Ar. N. P. Langford, a gentleman of leiaure, and scientific tastes, was appointed tc'serve as Superintendent, without any ealary or emoluments, aud also without any appropria~ tion with which to render the park accessible, and preserve it from spolistion. The park has not even been surveyed. Under this state of things, 3Mr. Langford could not permanently re- gido there, and the result is that thousands of acres of valcable timber hove becn burned by Indians and hunters, and the patural beauties of the Park have been defaced by touriats for specimens. ) A Lill is now before Congress to aporopriate $100,000 to construct roads to and through the Park, to prescribe sovers penalties for its de- facement, and to provide for its complete pro- tection. It is estimated by Gov. Potts, of Mon- tana, that 500 persons visited the Park last yesr, and Mr. Tangford things they destroyed and carried off property to the value of the entire appropriation asked for, ‘Whe Buperintendent BAF8: The testimony of all has been that, for extent, ‘beauty novelty, and variety, ita pbysical wonders ex- cel thosa of any other nown region of the world. Many of the greatest curiosities are as remarkable for their deiicacy snd frogility as for their rarity and ‘besuty. Of this character especially are the silicious snd ealeareous formations surrounding the prings and geyeers, specimens of which are much eought after by visitors. The beauty of many of these exquisite ‘borders has been already greatly msrred, aud somo entirely destroyed by visitors. A single break in one of them often destroys the work of years, Unless they are protocted by law, it cannot be long before the greatest besuties of tbe Park will be destroged. Gov. Campbell, of Wyoming, adds his testi- mony, and Alr, Hayden, United States Geologist, 2dds that visitors have even ridden their horses over the delicate arabesque border of the paols, breaking off the beautiful silicions formations, and.injuring them almost irroparably. Under these circumstances, it is plain that an appro- priation of some sort ought to be made, especial- ly as it is claimed that, after being made fairly accessible, the Park can easily be rendered self- supporting from leases to landlords and others. ' THE TORTURE OF THE IRSANE. AMost people havo read Charles Reade's “ Very Hard Cash ” with a comforting conviction that the cruelty to madmen which he there holds up to our horror is thing of the past. It hasbeen reserved for Pennsylvania to prove that mad- houses are torture-houseastill. Tho State main- tains an enormous asylum at Harrisburg for her insane poor, and subsidizes s number of private asylums besides, on condition that the latter shall care for the same class. These retreats are full of the rich, who can afford to bribe the officials to sdmit them. The poor lunatics are crowded into prison-cells and almehonse-rooms. No attempt is made to cure them. They linger on, cursed and abused, until kind death gives them relief. The almshouses present the most frightful proofs of man's in- humanty to man. ‘The Stste Board of Public Charities has just published a report, studded thick with revolting facts. In onepoorhouse the insane are kept underground, in cages seven Teet equare, For bed and table and chair they have loose straw, which is changed when the Over- seer, who is a German and cannot speak s word of English, chooses to' bave it. The only venti- lation is throngh the dark passage-way. The air is inconceivably foul. -The horrible smell clung to the clothes of the Bosrd for hours after they left this hole. The onlylight obtainable straggles through iron<barred holes 2¢ by 10 irichex, b the frontot the eages. Of the iz { sot'than this juvalusble and long-needed his- | men confined hero, none of whom were danger- ously mad, four were stark-naked. One had pantaloons anda raggedknitsbirt. Thesixth bad asingle garmont,—s coarse blue frock, resching to his kness. This masu eatered his ccll, two years ago, in perfect bodlly heaftn. He i8 pow unable to stand. Enforced cronching has stiffened his Imee-joints. Women are treated in the same way. Neked, or clad in a single garment, they lie on filthy straw in dens too low to permit their standing erect. Oue such victim, an idiot from Ler birth, was clothed—it clothingit can be called—in a bit of coarse bed-ticking, which reached from. her srmpit to her hip. Another was “without s single garment, in a bitter wint night, eovered with vermin, and blue with cold, bronght down far below the level of the brutes.” Still another, driven to insanity by being seduced and sbandoned, has lsin in a damp cell for twenty-one years. Bhe has been crippled by the hardships of hor daily lifo,—worse than s daily death,—and now moves like & frog from place to place. There are other sickening details—stories of harmless idiots kept naked, chained to tho floor, chained with both hauds to the ceiling,” beaten, maltreated in every way in which a brutal man can torrure s helpless creaturs wholly in his power. All this is bad enougl, but the wretched story could probably be duplicatad in Lalf the States. We bave as vet devised no way toinsure that lunatics shall ba treated as well as brutes. The old jest becomes true and sad when it ig said of them that 1t wonld be money in their pocke:s if they had never been born. BRYANT'S RISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. The readiog public of this country will roceive with great eatisfaction the announcement that ‘the venerabie William Cullen Bryant, of New York, assisted by Mr. Syduey Howard Gay, & Vet~ eran journalist and scholar, bave now in prep- eration s Popular History of the United Btates. In no branch of literatare is therosuch a want a8 this book is intended to supply. We have no pop- ular history of America, and we can imagine no prouder climax to the literary fame of Mr. Bry- tory. The work will include the early history of the continent, down to the union and independ- ence of the Colonies. It .wil then give the history of the first century of the United Republic. The work is intend- el for popular use aund information, and will be written with that ability and fairness for which Mr. Bryant aud Mr. Gay are alike dis- tinguished. We have had numerous American histories, but never a complote nor a popular ove. Our history has been written in sections, end without connection. We hive bad biogra- phy in profasion ; have had able works covering pasticular periods of time, and particalar eveats, but s general history of the United States, com- ing down to contemperary events, such as the ordipary citizen or family désires, has neverbean produced. Bryant's history will in all probability be the standard history for the mext half ten- tury. Such a book is doubly appropriate, coming, a8 1t does, at the close of the first contury of the TUnited States, and at the restoration of the Union in all its strength after the terrible ordeal of civil war. ) Information from Springfield is to ths effect that a lobby from Chicago is demanding the re- enactment- of the Mayor's bill, so that Mayor Colvin may displace .Dixon as presiding officer of the Conncil. ‘The rage of the Peoples party seems to have been thoroughly excited. Mach aa thoy bat2 Colvin, they desire to reverse the defeat of last Monday night, even by restoring the Mayor as prosiding officer of the Council. On general principles, the Mayor's bill onght to be re-enacted, but the Peonle’s party showed no solicitude on thit score until Dixon was elected. As reégards the mere Presiden- cy ot the Council, however, it must be said that with Dixon o the cheir the public bausiness will bo conducted in an orderly manner. Who can say hor . will be done with Mayor Colvin in the chair? The brief experience of that gentloraan as presiding officer was attended with extraordinary incidents, 1f the Aldermen did not respect him then, and he did not respect the Council, how will they bis mare acceptable to each other hereafter? What will be sccom- plished by merelydisplacing Dixon to make room for Colvin? Who will be the gainer by that ? ‘We published some dzys ago anaccount of tha disaster to the steamship Pennsylvania on her’ trip from Liverpool to Philsdelphis. During 8 terrible storm of several days' duration, a tre- mendous -sea swept the decks and carried over-~ board every officer of the steamer. This oo~ curred at midnight. Fortanately, a Mr. Brady, who bad been an officer on the lost steamer Atlantic, was on board s & passenger, and he took command and brought the vessel safely into port. The officers of the Company promptly thanked him, and presented him wich a check for $1,000, which he declined. The applause wonby Mr. Brady has since been eomewhat weakened by the fact that he has brought suit against the vessel and cargo, claiming $1,000,000 sa salvage. There is no doubt that at first he was disinter- ested, but it is probable that he has been put up to make this claim by some barrator in the legal profession who expecta to share the proceeds. 1t is not likely that he will recover much in the way of salvage for his labors {o save his own life. One very important factor in the stubborn op- position to the terperance movement is the im- wense profit in the retail liquor-business. The New York Graphic furnishes some very signifi- cant figures 1n this connection. Rum costs per gallon, for best, $7.85, and retails at $9 ; profit, 8L15. Gin costs $4.50, and retails for $9; profit, £4.50. Brandy costs $12 and retsils for £36 ; profit, $2%; and on the poorest quality tho profit is 310.50. Cnampagne costs 328 per bas- ket and retails for $48; profit, 20. Cheap ale costs, per hogehead, S15 and retailsat £30.40 ; profit, 815.40. On botterale the profit per hogs- head is $71.20, and on stock ale $66.20, or 265 per cent of tho cost. 'These figureaare based on the supposition that pure liquors are used. But pute liquors are rarely used, so that the profits on the adulterated uruft must be simply enormous. The suffering in Jows continnes to demand the kindly aid of the public., So great has been the destitution, that, besides food, fuel, snd clothing, these unfortunate people are in want of corn, whest, cats, and other grain for ‘seed for the present year. By the want of these they ore threatened with a famine for the next year. Let those who are willing 10 relieve a reslly des- titute communiiy continue their contributions, and, if possiblo, ald thess people by sending them seed, that they may cultivate their crops for the coming season, and provide for them- selves hereafter. ——— The record of the astronomical snd meteoro- logical observutions made during the year 1871, at the United Etates Naval Observstory at Wash- | ington, is just issued in attractive form from the Government Printing Office. It is accompanied by a handsome engraving of the - new telezcope which has recently been placed in position there andis the best refractor in the world, bearing sway the palm even from Chicago. The work itsel? is only of iuterest to astronomers ; and they know ita scope without the need of special description. The consolidation of the Evening Postand ihe ANIMAL LOCOMOTION. ANDIAL LOCOMOTION ; oz, WALEING, Srnmys, AND FLYING : WITH A DISSEDTATION OX AkRos.gh 715, By J. BeLL Pextinrw, 2L D, cte, With f. lustrations, (Iniernational Svientific Serfes) New York: D, Appleton X Co., 1874, A'work whose -5copo_cmbraces the scientific principles which underlie the motion of animzl upon tho laad. throughghe air, and in the water, may very reasorably be decmed to cover & wids . rango of subjects, and include very exteaded modifications of tne principles which govern the motions 8o sought to be reduced to s system. There seems Jittle in common between the api- mal walking or ranoing upon the firm land ; the fish darting through the still waters of a lake, or rushing impetuonsly up the swift rapids of s stream ; and the eagle high over head, meaur. ing with stately best of wings tho trackless air, © It is the province of modern scientific inquiry to reducs the sesmingly-widely-dispersed and unconnected forms and actions of organic beings to general principlos, That systom of compar- ixon which has been so prolific of resuks in Apatomy and Physiology, which hes profoundly altered our conceptions of thie conatruction and classitication of living forms, which thows that the 3kull is buc a modified vertcbra and the flover a modified leaf. is gradnalty being applied tg other departments of science than the mere structare of living beings; nnd there dawns upon us tho idea that, in the growth and motion, the wuses and pur- poses, ‘of the organs of animals, there ir the same link of interconmection, which only awaits patient investigation to stand revea'ed. The guiding principles which hre involved in this work of Prof. Pettigrew, which are con. staatly recurring in its pages, and which base baen the subject of nuraerous experiments, msy thus be succinctly stated in his own words: First—That quadrupeds walk, fishes swim, and insects, bats, and birds fly, by figare-of-§ ‘movements. Second—That the flipper of the sea-bear, the swimming wing of the penguin, aod the winz of tho insect, bat, and bird, are screws struclurally, aud resemble tho blade of an ordinary serew- propeller. 2 Third—That thase organs are screws funclion. ally from their twisting and uotwisting, and from their rotatingin the direction of their length when they are made to oscillate. By a figure-of-8 movement is meant tho curves mto which the extremities of a body are thrown when in motion. The line which the feet of = four-footed quadraped, the tail and body of a fish, and the wings of = bird describe, on the land, in.the water, and in the air, is that which 18 shownin the outline of the fizuro eight, Thus: ©9. In man, among bipeds, the leg advances in a curve, pendalom- fashion, is planted upon the ground, and upon thiz foundation the body roll's forward,—the head of the femur forming the centrs of a circle the radiua of which is described by the ad- vancing foot. Walking is consequently to b regarded as the rosalt of a twisting diagon:l movement in the trunk and the extremities. Without this rolliag motion, advance could only be made by a series of leaps. In the swimmiry of the fish, the body is thrown into the doubla or figare-of-3 curves, as in the walking of the biped. The wing of the bird does not differ ma- terially from the extremity of the biped ortuo tail of the fish. Inall, tho waved tracks are da- scribed. All winge are constructed upon a camn- mon type. Thegare, in every instance, care- fully gradusted, 2apéring from the root towards the tip, of a triangulsr form, and twisted upon themselves in the direstion of their length to form ahelix, or screw. In the fipper of the sen-bear and the swimming wing of thelittle pen- guin, noless than in birds and insects, tio screw-shape of tho organ is too obvious to nced comment. The booy ekeleton of the veretbrates i8 secondary tn importance to the muscular sva- tem, and the bones are twisted upon them- selves in the form of screws, thus being adapted to the, wants of the muscles, Bones have no power either ¢f originating cr ‘perpetuating motion, which begins and terai- nates in the muscles. The angle at which the bones of the limbs are iuclined to each other, and to the trunk, regu- Iates the speed of animals, In the deer, the flestest of quadrnpeds, the bones of the extremi- ties are inclined very obliquely, aud, by thus in- creasing the leverage of the muscles, great spsed is attained. They are less obliquely inchued ia the horse, still less in the elopbant; while in man, from the skeloton being nearly erect, together with the fact thst rpan of the power which shculd . move the limbs is dedicated to supporting the trunk, his speed is very much diminished. The limb of the ostrich is the very embodument of speed, gaabling the bird to ontatzip the fectest horses withont difficalty. In running, i i3 greatly aided by its wings, which, though totally useless for flight, serve to maintain ita equili- brinm, and thus afford powerfal aid to the bird. Upon the Iand, solid sud unyielding, the.ex- tremities of quadrupeds are, as a rule, termi- nated by small feet. In those beings inhabiting water, they are furnished with more extensive surfaces, which, by a dextrous tilting or twisting, acting upon the yiclding mediam with great force, produce locomotion. In the fish, loco- motion depends upon the tail and lower portion of the body. In the porpoise, the man- atee, and the seal, these is & progressive difer- entiation toward the nss of theaaterior extremi- ties for locomotion, which, in the sea-bear, aro sufficient to enable tfie animal to progress by theirsidalone. As a conpecting link between animals which progress in the water aad those which inhabit the air, we bave the diving-bi:ds on-one hand and the flying-fish on the other. In the little penguin, . the wing forms & perfect screw, and 28 such is used in swimwming and diving. In the fying-fish, its greaty-es panded pectoral fins act after the mauner of a kite, and ita flight is to be regarded Tather as an example of ekimming or sailiog flight than of ordinary flight, which is charscter- ized by s flapping and gliding action of the wings. The difference between sub-aqustic snd serinl flight is, that, in the ome, .the effectise stroke of the wing is delivered downwards and backicards ; which, in the other, it is delivered downwards and forwards. Weight is so im- portant auxiliary in serial flight, s lightnessis in sub-aquatic. With the ntroke dovmwards sod forwards, the bird'in the air would be from the earth without the power fvrstarm. 12 smb-aquatic flight, or diviog, lightness sloze insares s return to the surface. ) The modes of locomotion on the earth and i the water are coarse and unwieldy compured with the flight of the inhabitants of thesir. In 2 medium of such extreme. tenuity &3 tho st~ mosphere, the most delicate adaptations be- comes necessary. It would require mugh space to follow Prof. Pettigraw in his explanations of, and experiments apou, the subject of fligbt. Suffice it to say, that the zame pnnciple of fh‘ screw is applied throughout his exceedin, g_ll"'“' _teresting presentation of progression in of through the air, and his psges are I plete with illustrations and disgrens folly elucidsting his theories. 03¢ fact may be noted in pars- ing: Ho regards the propellers at prese:l employed in pavigation as fawty in priocip-e and spplication, from the fsct thst, to operst? efficiently upoa the yielding flnid (either walct or air), the propeller itself must yield. Inashort final chapter on Aeronautics, Prof: Pettigrew considers the subject of artificial flight. Two schools upon this gquestion exis: 1. Balloonists, or those who sdvocste the ex ployment of & machine specifically lizhter thas - the air; and, 2. Thoso who believe that weightit Decessary to flight. Bellooning 18 once dismivsed, for the reason thst baving no bhold upon the sir, djfl cannot be employed as » fulorum fot Evening Mail has spoiled two middiing good papers, and put pothing in their place. The consolidated - concern is 80 charmed by the spec- tacle of the Christian Advocate chasing its own tail that {¢ bas sdopted the samo practios— chusltiig $hs Adeooaia's $hil, fiot Ha ewn. regnlating ils movements. A balloon ia beip: loas; it merely floats. Regarding the possibill ty of success of the other school, he :nz:::: Anslogy, observailon, and meat &3% yadsd 1 158 Wad dhb wnlhsil HGN ¥ SN S BB MRt Ty