Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, June 15, 1873, Page 8

s # 8 TIE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, JUNE 15, 1873. TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE TERME OF BUBBCRIPTION (PAYABLE IN LDVA’C;). Ty, m 512.00 B Filkied &80l S3:08 “To prevent delsy and mistakes, be sure and give Post Office eddress in full, including State and County. Temittarces may be mads eithor by draft, oxpress, Post Ottice ondes, or in rogistered lotiers, at our risk. ‘TERMp TO CITY FUBBCAIBRIS. Datly, delivered, Sunday excepted. 25 centr per week. Daily, delivered, Sunday incloded, 30 cents per weok. Address THE TRIBUNE COMPAKY, ‘Corner Madiscn and Dearborn-sts... Chicago, 1. BUSINESS NOTICES. TO HOTELKEEPERS_WANTED. A SITUATION or » practical Eead-watter, ta which poaltion the uader: Bpecior. higbost testimontals it efoct, A oBew TWE SOLD IN fhat T S RS AT R $ 061 ot S PD, Box s, New York. hos Caso, wind al ocbere, P igth Foo) adviniies conels Ve o sizawbonnt Kt ) Saungb yal} of £301 spect 13 lfting or bandling. T} VR S e packed in small space, Treight o buses and. ‘shippers to uso light boxes e T = ca. Large ship; B ) D farence th packing thow 1o barrels a8 for: merly. The Chitags Tribune, Bundsy Morning, June 15, 1873. . THE SATOOK-KEEPERS ON THE EAMPAGE. The raloon-keepers, or that portion of them who insist on selling liguor without license and againat law, bave sgain exhibited their gross ig- norance of thelr duty as citizens, and the intem- perance of their zeal in the work of disorder. Two or three weeks ago they held a meeting and resolved to keep open their houses on Sundsy, with the avowed purpose of defying the law, and of “bringing public suthority into con- tempt. This resolution was carried into effect. A few days of sober reflection, however, induced the majority to rescind this resclution. On Fridsy last they held another meeting, and, under the instigation of demagogues, sgain lost their reagon, and by theiraction voted them- selves to be disorderly characters, whose notions of duty as citizens seem to be that the privilege of selling liquor is of divine origin, inherent in man, and sbove all laws. On the trislof one of these saloon-keepers for violation of lsw, the defendant demanded s jury trial. The officer appointed to summon the jury, instead of selecting his wen from the neighboring saloons, entered Field, Leiter & Co.'s store and summoned & number of sales- men—much to the dismay of the clerks and to the annoyance of the propriotors. The jury failed to acquit. Whereupon the Slaals Zeitung denounced Field & Leiter inround terms with having instrected their clerks fo comvick the saloon-keepers, and appealed to the ** Ger- msn” popalstion of Chicago to buy no more dry goods of Field & Leiter. Dis- gusted st - this indecent pssault, the Freie Presse, another German papcr, stated that Field & Leiter had never instructed their clerks ow 1o act a8 jurors, and knew nothing whatever concerning the case. Upon these facts the sa- 1loon-kecpers who met on Friday passed resolu- tions denouncing Field & Leiter and the Freis Press, and extolling the Staats Zeityng, for their respective parts in the proceeding. This second exhibition of disgraceful conduct on the part of these ealoon-keepers—and of those participating in thia meeting perhaps & large number had already besn comvicted of violations of law— will probably excite no more disgust among any portion of the community than among the Germans who are not saloon-keepers, and who haveno sympathy with needless_viplations of law or wanton Tufauism Lwwards decent nd law-sbiding ditizens. . It mayas well be undarstood st once_ that, in / any contest at the polla in which saloon-kespers 28 & party shall represont one side and demand that the municipal laws shall be repesled ar ‘modified to suit them, and to enable them to do business as they please, the entire body of the lew-abiding people will nnite against them, and, in 8o doing, will Aot for the very best in- terests of society. There are thousands of citizans who have no sympathy with sumptuary lsws; who have mno desire fo intérpose legal restrictions mpon the personal freedom and social customs of any portion of their fei- low-citizens, and still less to impose religions ob- servances upon them; who will cheerfully co- operate to establish the largest liberty to all consistent with the maintenance of law, order, snd public decency, but who will not act with nor vote with a ealoon-keppers’ -party. There sro but few who have any sympathy with saloon- Xeeping as &n occupation. If it were & ques- tion affecting merely the keepers of saloons, the business of the latter would hardly re- ceive any public 1t is the rights of the public at large—the par- sonal liberty, the social freedom of the peaceful, law-gbiding, and orderly citizens—which are re- spected, and which the general séntiment of the community desires to maintain. When the saloon-keepers—or the disorderly portion of themi—~hold public meetings, and proclaim & crusede against the community; when they undertake to threaten and bally respectable buysivess-men who are attending - pesce- folly o their- own concerns, they make war upon both public and private rights, and .give warrant for the belief that they oro ‘in fact enemiea of gocial order. 1f our advice conld bave any weight with theso miegnided persons, we would suggest that they kold one mesting more, disband their organiza- tione, and adjourn sinedie. If theirrights and libertieg are not safe in the hands of the sober, impertisl, end liberty-loving peoplo of $his city generally, it is useless for them, by resolutions 2nd speeches of a disorderlyssid asinine character, to scck to changa public sentiment in their’ own favor. A few more such meetings and resolves 8s those of Fridsy last will prodnce such politi- cal results as these plackguards nevcr dreamed of before. L THE DEAD PAST. _ The most interesting investigations of the present age s7e those which relate tothe an- tiguity of man as an inhabitant of the earth. It is scarcely a quarter of & century ‘since serious doubts were raised concerning the chronology bused upon the Mossic account of the crestion, slfiough relica of human anatomy and hendi- craft had been found, some fifty years ago, in places where they must have reposedmany thou- sends of years before the historic pariod. Dur-~ ing the past twenty-five years, howsver, scientific investigation bas been directed with increasing zeal to the solution of this tremendous problem, wnd there are now hundreds of men working gponitin Europe, Asis, Africa; Americs, aod Australia. These rpeesrches are of varions kinds,—geological, ethnological, anatomical, and philological. They embrace a vast scope of in- quiry, and involve not only the ags of man as an inhabitant of this planet, but also, perheps, his origin. The. development, theory of Darwinis, embraced in it, and, according as future discovor- ies ehall revesl to us_the facts of nature, we £hall know whether the lower animals aro alto- gether distinct from us, or sro only our poor relations. ‘I it shall be. shown that we are simply “ developed " from the long- armed spe, it will make very little difference whether Dr. Bastian has really crested animal life out of boiled turnips, or not. Our feelings will not beatall depressed by that trifling cir- cumstance. Nor should we be humiliated if some other chemist shonld produce vegetable life de novo out of pulverized granite. We should then not only know that we _were created out of the dust of the earth, but we should be able to trace the process and prove our pedigree. Among the numerons treatises on the an- tiquity of man which haveissued from the press of 1ate years, none is deserving of higher rank than that of Col. J. W. Foster, of this city, en- titled ¢ Pre-Historioc Races of the. United States,” just published by 8. O. Griggs & Co. This is a Chicago production in every sense— text, printing, engraving, gilding, and binding. It consists, for the most part, of a careful com- pilation of all the discoveries made up to the present time, of the monuments, bones, imple~ ments, works of art, and mining operations of the ancient Mound-Buwilders of the American Continent, together with the conclusions reached by comparative anatomy and craniology thereon. Necessarily connected with this subject are the discoveries made. in Europe and in the Val- ley of the Nile relating to pre-historic races and extinct animals, and the climatic changes that have converted the polar regions, which once sustained a luxuriant vegstation, together with such 2nimals as the hairy elephant, the masto- don, the fossil horse, and the great Irish stag, into a frozen waste. This latter problem leads to sstronomical computations to show at what remote period the earth could have been in such positions with reference to the sun as to allow such changes. of temperature. We ere told that this might have happened 210,000 years ago ; also, that it might have hap- period 800,000 yoars ago, and that Sir Charles Lyell prefers the Iatter period, as the date of the Drift Epoch. These computations, we may re- mark, are not, universally accepted by msthe- maticians. Whatever may be the date of the Drift, it is now certain that man appeared upon the earth immediately after it, and it is a ques- tion whether be did not appear before. Two human skulls, and a number of crnamental stones, polished and drilled by human hands, have been found in the Post-Pliocens of Cali- fprnip—anterior to the Drift. Col. Foster does pot vonch for the authenticity of these discoyer- jes, but ha gives an extract from & let~ ter from Prof. Whitney, tho Geologist of that Btate, ssying that the question to be investigated is, whether man existed prior to tho Post-Pliocene. There are some signs of man pven in the Miocene. * These remote inquiries are introductory to the ‘body of Col. Foster's work, which mainly con- cerns the Mound-Builders. That there waa a race of men differing from the North American Indians in manners, customs, arts, and cranial dovelopment inhabiting this Continent some hun- dreds of. years prior to its discovery by Colum- ‘bus, is now incontestibly proven. Trees, which started in the twelfth century, are found growing upon mounds which contain their bones and implements. How many trees may have sprung up on the same sites, flourished their time, fallen, and mingled with the soil, we cannot koow. Itinouly Certalu NSt TS Doues 0Q other things found in the soil are more ancient then the trees now growing over them. The discoveries thgs far made countenance or respect.: during their ocoupsncy of the Missis- sippi “Valley, the Mound-Buildars (ws quote) “geveloped iraita in their domestio economy snd their civil relations which distingnished them by a well-marked line of division from the Indian who was found in possesaion of the Con- tinent at the time of its European discovery. Their monuments indicate that they had entered upon & career of civilization; they lived in sta~ tionary communities, cultivating the soil and relying on its generous yield as a means of sup- port; they clothed. themselves, in par at least, in garments regularly spun and woven; they modeled ¢clay and carved stone, even of the most obdurate charscter, into imsges representing animsate objects, including even the human face and form, with a close ad- herence to naturs; they mined and cast copper into & variety of useful forms; they quarried mica, stestite, chert, and the novaculite slates, which they wrought into articles adapted to per- sonal ornament, to domestiouse, orto the chase: unlike the Indians, who were ignorant of the corative properties of salt, they collected the . brine of the galines into earthon yessels molded in Dbaskets, which they evaporated into a form which admitted of transportation: they erocted an elaborate ling of defense, stretching for many hundred miles, to guard against the pudden irruption of enemies: they had a national Teligion, in which the slements were the objects of supreme adora~ tion: temples were ‘erected wupon the platform monods, and watchfires lighted npon the high- est summits; &nd jo tho celebtation of the mys- teries of their faith, bumgn sgerifices were probably offered up. The msgnitude of their structures, iovolving an infinitude of lsbor, such s could bo expend- ed only in s community where cheap food prevailed, and the great extent of their commer- cial relations, reaching o widely-separated por- tions of the Continont, imply the existence of # stable and efficient - Government, based qn the subordination-of the masses. As the civiliza- tions of the O1d World, growing out of the pe- cullsr popditions.of soll god climate, developed certain forms of art which aro original and unique, so:on this ‘Continent we sse the grude” "canception in the {runcated pyra- mid, g first displayed in Wisconsin, Ohio, and Ditinofs, and the sccomplished result in the and Palenque. And, finatly, the distinctive char- acter.of thp Mound-Builders' structures, end also the traditions which have been presexved, wonld indjeate that this peopls were expelled from the ‘Mississippi Valley by s flerce gnd barbarousrace, and that they found refuge in the more genial climate of Central Americs, where they deyelop- ed those germs of civilization, originaily planted in their nerthern homes, into a perfection which bas elicited the sdmiration of every modern explorer.” . ’ The most important chapter in the ¥otums, perhaps; ia that which relstes to the skulls of this departed race. While Phranology has, for the most pat, fallsp fnto, distepute, Orsniplogy | fween the English snd Japancso systems of show * that, | ptone-faced foundations of the temples of Uxmal. has come into the foremost rank of the sciences. If anything is to link us to the chimpanzee, it is tho past gradations of the human skull. The Neandertbal skoll (found in Northern Prussia) is now taken as the lowest type of human’ cranial development. It is marked by an almost entire absence of forehead and by great thickness of tho parietal walls. If the original possessor of this skull were now alive, e would be classed as tho premium idiot of the world, The Mound-Builders’ skulla which have been bronght to light show a remarkable resem- ‘blanco to the Neanderthal type. All the known specimens are examinod by Col. Foster and compared, by illustrstions, with the present European and Australisn, the high- est and lowest existing types. Three skulls fonnd near Chicago are exhibited which stand about midway. between the Chimpanzes and the present Europeen type. The foreheads are 8o flat that they can hardly. be said to exist. Ono skull found in a mound at Haas' Park, near this city, is so devoid of forehead, and so anoma- Ious in other respects, that Col. Foster throws it out of classification altogether. Two skullalately discovered in Wisconsin are described by Dr. Lapham in a foot-noteon p. 200. They are marked by the same general charactoristica as the Chicago epecimens and those found at Merom, Ind. It is worthy of note that crani- ology finds a marked difference between the early races of the Atlantic and those of tho Pacifio const—sa geology traces groat differences be- tween thess two sections in the Drift Period. The field of inquiry embraced in Col. Foster's' ‘book msy be maid to be limitless. Man has only just begun to trace his lineago. He msy trace it to a quarter which will not be flattering to his vani- ty, but trace it he will, whithersoever it lead. Ynstead of allowing the Dead Past to bury ita dead, he is bound to unbury and interrogate it. Thosoe portions of the earth’s surface which ‘were alone fitted to sustain human life during the Drift Period are now inhsbited by indolent and semi-barbarous races, and have not yet been explored by Europeans with a view to -finding relics of the earliest types of mankind. these places we may ex- pect to find the richest materials for roconstructing the pre-historic world, as we have already found (in Egypt, Nineveh, Central Americs, and Pern) the oldest civilizations that ave left their traces in & written langusge. POLITICAL EUTHANASJA. While certsin gentlemen in England, ealled the Birmingham philosophers, are just beginning to advocate the doctrine of Enthanasia, whichrec- ognizes self-murder as & right and a duty in cases of hopeless phyaical infirmity, this doc- trine has besn applied for centuries in Japan and Chins a8 a radical cure for political corruption. In the recent announcement of.the Ministerial crisis in Japan, occasioned by the increase of the national debt and the excessive taxation of the people, it is stated in the most matter-of-fact way that “the Ministers may poesibly racsive an order to commit suicide.” It has not been intimated that the Japanese Ministry aro guilty of any such political crimes as have been ex- posed in the United States during tho past year. We do not hear of any Credit Mobiliers, salary- grabs, defaleations among officials, selling ont offices, taking bribes, or imposing greater des- potism upon one section of the country than is exercised over the remainder. Bribery, in fact, seems to be o entirely novel that an inti- mation of gift-taking baving come to the ears of & Yokohama official, he immediately _published a pronuncianiento to the effect that the practice “is utterly opposed to civilized idess.” The increage in the Japan debt appears to have been caused rather by Government schemes for improving the condition of the conn- try than by any system of official thisvery. But the Japancse folks are evidently opposed to a nationsl debt per s¢, and the Ministers responsi- ble for it are to be invited to put themselves be- yond the reach of future temptation. Another instance of the universal accepiance of political Euthanssis among the Japanese i found in the case of Mr. Mori, the Japanese Minister to the Urited States. It is stated that Mr. Rori is suspected at home of having yielded to the contamination of Washington associations. Mr. Mori's diplomatic career has alwaye been characterized by fervent patriotism and & desire to secure for his native comntry all the advan- tages which he found in America. Ha has handled considerable money in his efforts to ob- tain some elements of American progress, and it is possible that ho may have followed the Oakes Ames precept of placing this money * where it would do most good.” At all events, it is charged that Mr. Mori has failed to acconnt matisfactorily for his expendi- tures, and it is intimated that ho will find awaiting him on bis return to Japan a cordial invitation to perform the national cor- emony of hari-kiri. b ‘Without admitting in any case the justifica- tion of self-murder; the Japanese application of the doctrine of Euthanasia must commend itself a8 more unselfish and oxalted than ‘that of the Birmingham philosophers, The theory of the latter is, that, whenever a consultation of phy- sicians roveals tho fact that s patient is a help- -less yictim to increpitude or disesse, .and must benceforth be & burden to his friends and & misery - unto himgelf, it becomes his duty to ayail himsclf of that mere bodkin that will put away - life, and thus permit his trionds to dispose of him. There is nothing very heroic in all this.. It is simply the ' consumma-~ ton of the strict utilitarian philosophy of life, which peeks to obtsin the maximum of happi- ness and to escape tho pangs of physical disease or mental guffering. The principle which ander- Lies the practice of political hari-kiri, however, is the direct opposite of this selfish philosophy. It has » moral eldment which cannot bo, found .in the Enthanasia doctrine of the modern English eect. It is st.once an -g.kmwledg"mnnp of disgrace, an expiation of crime, s Wholesoms warning to mankind, and an effectual removal from tempiation. It {s sug- gested by the samo healthful polioy which has renderpd capital punishment the proper treat- ment of capital crime. It rids the Stateof a .dangerons enemy, and it foreshadows the faté of all men who take advantage of ‘the public con- fidence reposed in them to make deprodstions npon society. It is not difficult to conceive that 8'man, under the conviction that thereisnothing wrong! nbcnt“u,shnnldw_illingly consent to take his own life when he ia satisfisd that his physical infirmities will henceforth render thot life unen- durable. Butitis a diferent thing to volunta- rily leavs the world in the enjoyment of good health, with plenty of money, and the proépect of wordly gratifieation. In such s case the act has something of that primitive, barbatic po- blangss which induoes the Coolie to kill himsalf Euthanssis, the ethics, if there be any in -the question, are all on the side of the latter. Tt i8 not probable, nor is it desirable, that the practice of hari-kiri may be introduced into the political circles of this country. Bet itisa model which may be imitated to.advantage morally instead of physically. *If the same san- timent which prompts the exposed official scamp in Japan to cut open his bowels were equally strong in this country to induce retirement from office without fariher ado, this country might obtain from Japan a compensation for all the at- tributes of civilization which Japan has received from wus. It would be the same principle, and the act would be the same, minus the disemboweling process. Political Rori-kiri is whatwe want in Amarica,—the voluntary retirement of publio men whose official corruption has beun‘axpousd. The constitutional - monarchies of Europe are farther advanced in this direction than we are. The mnlstry, or Government, resigna whenever, it ia in ‘open conflict with the people and their representatives. Men who are convicted befare the publio of malfeasancs in office or-corrupt of- ficial practice do not wait for trial, xnd have not the impertinence to hold on to places of trust for which they have become notably unfit. They get out of the way, and are as dead politically a3 it they had gons to the Jap- aneso extreme af depriving themselves of physi- callife. If the moral prototype of the prineiple which hes mads hari-kirs s national institution in Japan would be introduced into the United Btates, by which public sentiment could force corrupt public men to sbandon office and hide their heads in shame, it would work greater re- form than the purest political party that ever had an existence. Confession, submission, and retirement would conatitute a political Enths- pasia that would possess all the advantages and nons of the moral objections of the somewha admirable Japanese system. - . e — OUEANIC BALLOORING. Prof. Wise, the Philadelphia seronant, has ‘made a proposition to croes the Atlantio Ocean in a balloon, in company with W, H. Donaldson, another experienced aeronaut. The anncunce- ment has caused considerabls excitenent in the scientific world, and also among other high- fiyers, some of whom attack the proposition with more or less of xidicnle. In a com- munication to .the Boston Globe, Prof. Wise bases his proposition upon the fol- lowing facts: That the "upper currant of the atmosphers in the temperate rone moves from west to east, caused by the mingling of the southwest and the northwest winds in their cur- rents, in accordance with the laws of tempera- ture and the axial motion of the earth. These two currents slide over each other, and a balloon can be trained to either one of them ; or, it may be trained to the eddy currnts between the up- per and lower ones, and go east. In support of his theory, Prof. Wise brings for- ward Prof. Henry, of the Ehithsonian Institute, who says that the existence of these carrents is an eatablished fact of science of every day's experience, and thinks that the success of the propcsition to cross the ocesn is by no means improbabla, although he does not expresa any desire to accompany Prof. Wise on his trip, notwithstanding the disccveries he might make in his favorite study of meteorology. Prof. Wise also points out the fact that, out of the first hundred ascensions he made, the balloon landed him east of the point of departure ninety-four times, the other six flights being made within an altitude of 6,000 feet and in drifts in the local currents. He also claima that in 1859 he made a ~voyage from St. Lonis to Jeffarson County, N. Y., a distance of over 1,000 miles from west to east, and that 116 haa sailed from west to east by sppointment—once from Carlisle to Lancaster,’ Penn., and onco from Auburn ¢o Syracuse, N. Y., —and in both cases met his engagements snd reascended ; and cloges his communicatio with the statement that, a few years ago, he his son made s Fourth of July ascension from | Boston Common, rising with the eastward cur~ rent, going out to sea eight to twelve miles, dropping down sgain into the sea-breeze, and by it returning to land again. The above is the substance of Prof. Wise's statement, and even the most skeptical will sdmit that it has an air of probability about it. ‘But, admitting its probability, and allowing that Prof. Wise may accomplish his hazardous jour- Doy in safety, and land at Liverpool, after a two days’ voyage, while the sluggish steamers below him occupy two weeks, of what uss will it be ? What practical good will it accomplish? What' possible good can it subserve in the interest of commerce .or travel ? A" thousand successfal trips would . not persusde people to travel by balloon 80 long as they could travel: by rail- road or steamboat. - The ratio of accidenta to balloons, even in comparison with those to rail- roads and steamboats, has been fearfully large, and in almost every case ths fate of the aaronaut has been the fate which befell Jcarus when he sttompted his famous flight across the Zgean. Even in case of accident by rail or water, there is - stll s certain feoling of ~smecority. The traveler by rail is st lenst upon terra firms, and therefore stands s chance of his life. The travelar by water has at least some- thing to cling to, and stands a. chance of being pickéd up. Tho traveler by balloon wonld not stand in much danger of collision, forthe west current is & highway broad encugh for all the balloons which will bo likely to traverseit ; but sccidents will happen, and then thers would be no hope for the luckless wights eight or ten thou- sand feet above the water. With the impetus’ of & two-mile tumble throngh the air, they would g0 50 far into the Atlantic that they wonld prob- ably come up on the other gide, and be found floating 1n the Pacific by the Chinese Coroners. It is & protty fancy, this travelmgin a balloon up among the little stars, all aronnd the moon, but those hare-brained individuals &re very ‘sczres who care to go_sny nmearer the moon than they are at present, Again; Prof. Wise can hardly expect fo do anything in s com- meroial way by oarrying frelght. Insurance com- ‘panies would not take the risk, and thus there is s golden opportunity lost of solving the trans- portation problem. * We are disposed to régard this impossibility with considerable regrat, for & {ast-treight lirie by balloon to Europe might ef- fectually break up the mailroad monopoly ‘and do swsy with- the politial chaos” which is fast approaching, growlg' out of the action of the Patrons ‘of Husbandry and other ferocious fallowers of Pomona and Ceres. There is one class of business which the Professir ‘miglit undertake—the earrying of the mails, If hesucdeeds in crosaing the ocenn, the matter will be brought to & practical tést, as an uhbe- lieving individual in New York, who' is on this ove of dsparturs for- Earops, has’ offered Prof. Wise' 5,000 if 'he Wil deliver & letter fo Dol B ceridin address in ‘Paris thres balloon-voyages and moon-hoaxes. —e e FREE TRADE LEARNED THEOUGH THE BELLY. subject of protm!.iqn and free trade, expresses some astonishment thal the American people have borne with the pretective policy so long. It is surprised that the people of the United Btates, possessing 80 much natural shrewdness and proverbial commercial fnsight, should fail 8o long to perceive the imposition practiced upon them. The explanation given for this seeming inconsistency by the News is partially trus, but the implied reproach upon American intelligence is hardly appropriate, coming from England. It was once the boast in England that the country was able to produce enongh food to meet the wants of Enghshmen, and that it was & bumiliation to permit foreign corn to be sold in British markets, How lopg that ides con- trolled the commercial policy of England, lst the Daily News answer. It hsd been the ruling principle of Great Britain for centuries ; and forty years ago the menwho proposed to abandon it was held to be as dangerous to society as are the Communists of to-dsy. In point of fact Great Britain did not repeal her protectivo laws, evan on the article of food, until starvation stalked through the Kingdom, and until the choice lay between famine and fres trade. © Jobn Bull &id not leam free trade throngh his heart, but through his belly. After generations of stolid ignorance and bigotry on the subject, when her industries, “protected” at every point, had robbed and plunderod esch other of the last penny, and crime, stagnation of business, bankruptcy, and stark famine stared her in the face,—then, and not till then, did England, with all her “proverbial commercial foresight and nat- tural ahrewdness,” perceive the imposition that she had -practiced upon herself. The Minister who dared to avert & famine by the repeal of the corn laws was deserted by his party, and was throst from offco. He lived, however, to sce that brave act become the foundation of the widar and more comprehensive policy which the Daily News now wonders that the American peo- ple do not adopt, in a period of tolarable pros- perity, without the stimulus of intense snffering, ‘which alone enabled Great Britain to learn its advantages. In point of fact, the last thing that s nation learns, in its advance in civilization, is that two pounds of iron are better than one pound, two yards of cloth better than ane yard, at the same cost, or, as Bastiat puts it, that “two and two make four in political economy the same as m arithmetic.” The only nation that has learned this obvious and simple truth through the head is Germany, and even here the truth was ac- quired through & necessary experiments; process, rather than throngh the exer- cise of pure reason. Formerly protection was the fundamental principle of every Btate, large and emall, in Gormany. Each tupenny kingdom and principality had its territory ~ buidorod with cusiu-hvuses aud rovenue polica. It was pretty much as it wonld have been in the United States; if every county in every State had been a separate nation, and bad collected customa duties on all goods brought into or passing through its tarritory. Eachof theso Btates had its protective code to preserve its home market and shut out foreign competition. But this eventually worked its own cure. With the growth of commerce and the needs of modern society, this cumbersome system could not be executed. Bo, finally, it was agreed that, instead of lovying duties at every cross-road, there shonld be but ane duty col- lectod, and that st the border of Ger- many. The prosperity which followed from the removal of artificial - obstacles taught ‘the people that an import duty is nothing but & taz, and that there is nomore sense in expect~ ing to attain prosperity by imposing heavy taxes upon themselves than in first loading their boots with metal weights and then trying to litt them- selves by the straps. Now, all Germany receives imports under ane’ tax, which doea not average over 734 per cont ad valorem. It took the Ger- man States several generations, and cost many long and expensive wars, to learn that the Chinese gystem of exclusiveness was .wholly in- consistent with commercial prosperity, and that it was better to get six loaves of bread fora shilling than three. The present *pinch” in the Western States has enabled a good many people to see the folly of paying 45 per ton extra for steel rails to ‘haul corn to market, who would never have been able to see it otherwise ; and we have consider- able hope that before the pinch is over a direc~ tion may be given to publio sentiment which will resultin tearing down the whols vicious system of taxing one man for the benefit of another. ) Another Arctic Expedition. On Baturday, May 10, an expedition tow’rd the North Pole left Dundee, Scotland, of which we hope to hear good accounte in the future. It is not a cumbrous affair *under Government pat- ‘ron age,"—i. o., strangled with official red-tape,— but an expedition organized by a private gen- tlemasn in the interest of science, and a8 ii is -th ug entirely under the command of one man, it is likely to scoomplieh its object. Mr. Leigh Smith, the amateur explarer, is an English gen- tloman of wealth and culture, and the way he has gone about his work shows that he is fally competent to_carry it ont. - The vessel in which he has gailed is a large and powerful steam yaoht. the Dians, manned by a crew of twenty men, and ‘although he tskes s sailing-master with'him, that' funétionary will be merely an - gistant, for Mr. Leigh is bimself a practical eafl- or, and will have absolute control of the vessel's movements. For fellow-voyagers he will have the Rev. Mr.' Eaton, Mr. Chemside, B. E., and Mr. Potter, a gentleman of scientific proclivi- ties, and by the four a careful log will bakept, in ‘which; be: the veasel’s ‘movements, a record of :the tides and currents encountered will be entered, and it -is also- intended to_collect specimens of the flors and fsuns of all coun- tries visited. The expedition will firat touch at Cobbe's Bay, Spitzbergen, and hereit will be met by Mr. Smith’s mlmflmh: Sam; i edonlhg}kmfl with itional stores. Leaving ergen, fcrdtgar'od , and lt‘iiainlenflldho;o_ northward as possil groat L) Jh} tainad that the opan seas willbe resched by mid- eummer. . The expedition is provisioned for a dnys after he (Wise) starts, which gives the Professor a fall day more than the time in which he clainfs he can make the trip. The Iatestre- ports throw some doubt upen the proposed voy- age. The Professor originally intended to start from Boston, but has changed his starting-placo to New York, upon the ground that the Boston poople won't take any stock in it. The financial outlook i8 not much brighter in New York, The Professor may yet, wise as he is, concluds that he will be wiser to atay at home and leave balloon trips across oceans to such fancifal and imaginative persons as Poe and others who have dslighted to construct weird stories based npon The London Daily News, in an article on the Homicids as an 'A_ttraefion---lmnginafive Reporting of an Audacions Kind, A Noted Adventurer-—Califor- nia Excitability. Action of Metropolitan Clubs~-- Henry C. Bowen to Excul- pate Himself. From Our Own Correspondent. Nrw Yomx, Juns 13, 1873 THE FASCINATION OF BLOOD. An experienced landlord told m, recently, that 1o public house in the Metropolis ever achieved Prosperity until one or two murders had been committed under its roof. Bost of the hotels in town have been, scme timeor other, the soene of homicides. One would supposs that desperats rencountars or sssassinations would injure an inn, though those who ought to know aver that the effect ia directly opposite. There is certainly. fascination about hloodshed to the average mind, and the spot where murder has been dons con- tinnes to be attractive for many years. The Grand Central Hotel has particularly thrived since James Fisk, Jr., was.shot in its private entrance; and the Sturtevant House, I understand, has been full to overflowing eince young Walworth in- vited his father to his bed-chamber, and per- forated his body with bulleta, 1 prosume, after a whils, that landiords will advertise their houses by publishing that, on their premises, this man was stabbed to the heart, or that woman smothered in her bed. Of course, there is something agreeabls in such as- gociations. It has been eaid that the pleasure derived from tragedy arises from the sense of security We feel in contrast with whatis repre- sented on the stage. By a parity of feeling, the patron of s hotel would enjoy his elesp all the ‘more from the reflection that, in the next cham- ber, a man’s brains had been knocked out by a burglar a few nights previons, or that on the same floor & jealous husband had cut his wife's throat from ear £o ear. THE FACTS OF FANCY. 3 The report, printed in the Herald, the oth day, detailing the precise nature of the inter- view between young Walworth and his father before the latter was killed, has, I observe, been widely copied. This is strange, because every- ‘body must have known therc was not a single witness to the murder, and that the murderer has mado no revelations. There is a remarka- ble hardihood, therefore, in the Heralds pre- tending to give, not only the language, but the intonations and the inward feeling, of what passed between the two, when the crime was .committed alone. That paper does not stick at any such trifles as facts. A single fact ia quite enough to roar any superstructure of bad rhetoric and worse taste It s said that one "of ~the der Bennett’s instructions to reporters and cor- Tospondenta was, “ Bo sure the - thing has hap- pened, and then write 1t up with all the sensa- tion you can master.” This rule seems stillto be faithfally carried ont, and the man who makes the most ont of nothing is the best man in the eyes of that establishment. A YERAGIOUS REPORTER. When Btephen A. Douglas died in Chicago, in 1861, the Herald contained five or six columns minutely describing the closing scenes of his life. TZuy were 8o very microscopic that they induced journaliats to believe them the product of the imagination ; but the outside world, hav- ing pertect {aith in thelr sacnracy nd ‘truat- worthiness, read them with avidity. The corr¢ dent who had written the lstter to the Herald had his home in Chicago; but, being in Cairo sbout s felr later, he boasted of his exploit to sev of his brethren of the quill. He told them how inganiuu.ly he had contrived to get into the sick chamber of the Benator, after hearing that hia hours were num- bered ; how he secretly took notes in his hat of oV ing that occurred ; how he wrote them out immediately after Donglas hsd expired, and sent them by the first mail to New York. Bome skepticism was expressed of the verity of his tale, but he protested that it was true in every particular, and referred to several prominent gentlemen in your city for corroboration. One of those gentlemen, being afterward questioned 0 Herald on the subject, declared that ke knew o tho vory tima_ha nratanded man, and lnow, to ba at the bedside of Douglas, that he was not. even in the State of Illinois. I am not aware what has become of the imaginative reporter of the Little Giant's clos- ing hours ; but I should think be miar]n have reappeared for the sake of writing up the Wal- WO! tnlfiady in detail, for the simple reason that he had no hwwladie of the facts. It is romored, by the by, that . CHEVALIER WYKOF? in to coms over from London, where he has been residing for some time, and be the mansging editor of the Herald. Iquestion the truth of this report ; for I fancy Wykoff can serve tho paper better where he is than in the capacity mentioned. A very mysterious person is the Chevalier,—this is the title the Herald gave him long ago,—very little more being known of him than that he has been for years in the sarvice of that ganmlL English by birth, he crossed tho_ Atiantic thirty-odd years since, with 8 view to secking his fortune as best he might. Not long after his arrival, he dotermined to set up a newspaper, hoping to be abls in due gos- 80 to exi ich the Herald. Tnstesd of this, he extin ed not far from £100,000 ; but, as the money was not his, theloss did not burt him. Snbsequently, ho grew very intimate with the Iato James Gordon mo;t, :nEL wn[ made one of the appendages of his journ: t is suj posed. u?f: the Chevalier is & species of wng- dential agent, and that he keeps the Herald advised of what it is anxions to know. He is o very amiable, pleasant, and genial man, and, though beyond 60, he does not look over 40. You remember what s sensation he created years ago, in his matrimonial pursuit of Miss Gamble, an English heiress, all over the Conti~ nent. Nobody ever underatood the relation be- tween them, or the object he had in run- ning after her, The Herald was the principal advertlser of the ain, romance ; and it has ‘been asserted that its sole object was to render Wykoft notorious. If such were tho purpose, it was accomplished. Rocently the Chevalier ha not been prominent, but he always seems occu- pied with important business of the Herald. Sometimes be is in Wasbington; sometimes he is in Tondon ; and then again in Paris, Berlin or St. Petersburg. No one can tell exactly what. e is doing, though bo is remarkably active, en- ergetic, pushing, and ng:vem to undorstand his own affairs, He may be safely set down as an adventurer, and & us one. Ho seems to have the entres of good society; hob-nobbing witl prominent bankers, railway-ruagnates poli. ticiana, and statesmen, both st home and abroad. He used to be an intimate friend of the elder Bennett, and is now of young Bennott. - A XEW ACT TO “oTHELLO.” Benator Nye, of ‘Nevads, speaking, the other day, of the intense Southern feeling during the Rebellion; mentioned an’example of it in 1863. He was in San Jusn, and, visiting the theatre, one night, found *Othello” was to be repre- sented. 8 house was full of miners, many of them Boutherners, and they enjoyed the traged: immensely, thongh it was evident they looke with marked disfavor on the Moor, who, a8 usual at rustio theatres, was made to resemble a negro. In the last sct, when Othello moves toward the bed to smother Desdemona, a gaunt and sallow Arkansan jumped u&on the stage, and, drawing s revolver upon the actor, pranounced lum, with much ‘Sémnity, an {ofernal “nigger,* ‘whom he wor blow thm:n%h_ if he hurt a hair of that white woman’s h Othello, alarmed u‘ g.h:h wild A: jpearance -and murderous threat of the ansan, Tetired precipitatel, and Desdemona - rose suddenl: e lmx{{ her couch, and retreated after her husband, and the manager dawned upon.-the &cene, backed by half-a-dozen supernumeraries, and exbausted his elocznsuea to induce the excited Southerner to withdraw. A general hubbub ensued; the theatre was filled with shouts and cries, and the mm:gdu' of the tragedy indefinitely post- pon LAUDABLE ACTION OF THE OLUBS. Five or six of the clubs in town recently de- [ not only to be mors careful hereaftar in rey to the quality of the men they admit, bot of the members themselves. They have decided that any condnot of & member which can bo construed, by a rigid interpretation, as incon- sistent with the_character of s be deemed sufficient cause for rule is not new; but it hasbeen very lax, and mnot a few persona have been. taken . into the ciuba who no Tight . to be there. = Within a few moni a number of ‘such fellows have been “allowed &0 | © " for the Teason that they-did not pay soctl mindemeazore P e gyt iais step in tho right direction, could bo mada conducive. £o tfinemnt o o ners, purity of epeech, and honorable dealing with one's fellows, they would soon becoms IDH;CG: of Lplg':f and influence in the langd, and g0 far tow: tion of mi i o faz toward elomation of mind aud impiove- The latest st !fi;‘,m;zx- ! story touching the Bowen-Boecher. Tilton scandal is, that Bowen will rint 3 .::. phlet, designed to exculpate him froms the Charges that have been brought against him, His friends say he has been Tepresented as g n of the o it 5 i ME.L g it seems ths end iy omas Nast, it is asserted, has had a Liboral offer from the publishers of the Graphiy to connect himself with that paper as soon ag Lg returna home. The Harpers'are very unwilling to lose him, and they will, therefore, in all prote ability, advance his, . Then the Graphip will increase ita terms, and the Harpers will add something therato. 'Thus, hetweon the two, Nast maybe enablod to securo the very hand. some salary to which his ability entitles him. 2 miuhar of Tathlonsbie momsen hecp aatored into s league against men who part their hair in the ,—solemnly sssevarating that they will not have any such in their train of orin their list of friends. Parting the hair in the middle is a silly fashion ; but if men wish to be fl!’ they should have the same privilege to be women have. The men, I suppose, will now meet in conclave, and declare that they wilt not countenance the women who wear chignons. 1t in estimated that 200,000 to 250,000 persons will be ont of town this summer. ‘They do not, seem inclinod £o zo the noted watering-places so’ much as to quietnooks on the beach and among the mountains, or in 1ustic haunts. Itis said that Alexander T. Stewart, having ‘been warned by his recent illness, will not devots more than half a5 many hours &s he has been in the habit of doing to the transaction of his busi- ness. Over 8100,000,000, it is calculated, will be re- quired to erect suitable stone~docka around this island, Even this enormous sum would be & fioo]c‘l‘ mvemazie;n:, for tgh:h present a"!:m&odm locks are a disgrace 16 great ct ial cit; of T‘h}" Union. S x ero are at present in this city, itis sai more than 100 persons who axmnu:’mnm’ iane, an 4oe-third of. thew are of the African race. Corstoux. : Butter. i . Mh %‘"flfl York Sma. e * A company has been organized in this ci with a capital of £500,000 for the mnnu!mng of butter. Itisclaimed that the butter is gen- uine, the meansof producing it being alone ar- tificial ; in other words, the discoverer affirms that the article is mot meraly butyrous, but in every respect the completoand perfect thing, a8 agreeable, nutritious, and usable a5 the best Orange County butter, ' A gentleman of recog- nized ability as a chemist is the fortunate intro- ducer of this now wonder. Several persons oft wealth have bought stock, and in a week or two the m::dulnct;x'; twill be wngnotedtuz loury large scale. The temporary offices of the Oleo- Margarine Manufacturing Company, 88 the corporation is called, are at No. 40 Broadway, and their manufactory in Forty-fifth street. Ar.. rangements have been made for securing better accommodations in Fiftieth street, and very 800n the market will be fully suppled with the new product. At present the demand for the articla is so great that it is beyond the capacity of the compsny to supply it. the profits arg expected to bo over 100 per cont. this city-made Orange County butter ia, used in many of the most fashionable hozels and’ restaurants, both for cooking and for the table, it may be interesting to the readers of the Sun to learn something of the method in which it is made. In the first place, agents are employedta isit the alaughter-houses and to buy up all the beef fat nsually styled suet, This suet is carted to the imtterfactory and cleansed. Then itis put into ordinary meat-choppers and minced fine. It is afterward placed in a boiler withas much water in bulk asitself. A steam pipe is introduced among the particles of suet, and they are melted. The refuse or membrane goes to the bottom of the watar, the cily substance floats and is re- moved. 'This latter consists of butter-matter and stearine. A temporatura of eighty degrees melta the former and leaves the stearine at the bottom. The butter-matter, or cream, is drawn off ; then about 13 per centof fresh mitkis added and the necesaary salt, and the whole is churned for ten or fifteen minutes. The result is Orange. County butter at about one-half the nsual cost. ‘The stearine is sold at 12 cents per pound to the candle-maker, and the refuse at7 cents & pound io the manufacturer of food for cattle. All the leading steamship lines between here and Europe are to be supplicd this summer with the newly-invented butter. In taste and appear- ance it i8 precisely similar to the finest country ‘butter, made from the milk of live cows. Sev~ eral of the leading men in_the butter trade have urchased SLOCK, &8 DaYe L0 many of the Pres- Eienel of the stesmship lines, and-the proprie- tors of the leading city hotels. Prof. Ogden Doremaus has testifi to the success of the new method of butter manufacture, and prophesies great prosperity for the new corpora- tion. Prof. Paraff, the discoverer, expecta that the new product will drive live-cow butter out of the market altogether. The few unscien- tific outsiders who are acquainted with the facts now first made publio regard the whole thing with amazement. It seems extremely odd ta them that the same carcass which e Orange County butter which they spread 1 their accompanying hot rolls, e Life in the South African Diamond Kields. The Detroit Tribune publishes the following sxiracts from s private letter received in that city trom the Diamond Fields in South Africa, and dated March 29: . ““There is 80 much ssmeness with life on the fields that it is almost_impossible for one to content himself. I am still engaged in digging for the little charmers, and_have moderate gut- cess. If balf the dismonds I find wero perfect in shape and color, I could return from the flelds in a short time. proportion of bad stuff and off color is about ninety-nine in one bundred. I have found a great many-stones within the Iast four months, but not one in tha 1ot waperfect. On Monday last, I found one of thirty carats, good water, but it was shattered all through, 80 in _realify it is not of much valne. Small mixed chips up to ten carats bring 78 per carat. I sold, last eveniog, for 8 friend, a stone of twenty-three carats, deep off eolor, at 458. 6d. per carst. Good octohedron white, from fourto ten carats, bring good prices, say from £6 to £10 sterling, gold, per carat. Few of thege, however, ars found. A few months ego Ifound s besuty, octohedron in shape, of eight carats. It bad s slight, smoky tinge. 1 had it ot of theground only two days when it flew all to bits. The chipa Isold for six shil- lings per carat. The logs for me, of course, wag great. Bill, we have to take our chauces. - The cost of working a claim is 8o much that thers is 1o more money in it. Perhaps there are not ten claims in 1,808 on this field that are much -more than paying working expenses. Men stick ta gentleman, shall | ‘Bweden. ion.” This | Greecs. the work with the hope of finding & good-sized diamond which would give them a lift out of this region ; but these perfect big stones don' Tio sbout loose. The vwork is getting to ba very tedious, I : depth of éighty Teet. It all has to be bro- ken with sticke in the hands of Kaffirs. With sixteon boys I can take ont and sort eight cart- loxds a day.’ I have many times sorted 100 loads and not found a chip. At other times I have found ten in a wheel-barrow full of ground. One, to make it pay, wanta fo find one or two diamonds to each cart-load of groun that is, taking them as they como, chips stones, large and small. The instead of coming to the flelds, is turning from them.-I can goe great changesin the camp every dsf. The majority of the dx;,vgm are from Cspd Colony or that of Natal. They come with their oxen, and, of course, can leave any day, W with Europeans or Americans the cas 18 differ ent. They don't come to leave till they hste g:pl:m.uhed their empty pockets. Very faw d0 it, poorer they get. Merchant-Navicse ] A report, presented to the German Reichstsg gives statistics-of the development of the me: chant-navies of the most considerable maritizé Btates. The following tabular statement, i " taken from this official document : ez Number of intona O i ¢ vessels, 1,000 kilot) ‘./»fi 26,367 6,630,789 7l 1 1,344,770 %8 823 £ ‘ca1,682 ] 658 - JiF s M Fey -4 Pre= IS 1 o] 183,302 18200 M 8572,y 374,09 ; freah steak for breakfsst ahould supply tha © ~ however. Tho longer the majorily stsy 4. P T I am taking our ground at the ' } [ | : g %