Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 10, 1873, Page 4

rato. and give Post " Qpinfons by Ehin I Tty exgmll. Post T A coped. 55 coits per week. 2 " . helbdes: gopts bor ek B 7 ERIBUNE COMPA carborn-sts.. Chic ~Madizon sireet, bef cea-leollogg, Iialian of tho Regimen "’"' pash seoaas, comerof Can- da. " Hrening, \-Fortumo. Randolph, street, betweon tornoon and evening. sted stroct, o Blieets W How PYoeh 5 treof ‘?c?,‘&"’is“nfmim"nmm. “Attornoon and evoning. fon stroet, batween Randolph the Prostidigitatonr. After- ERTE-State and Twonty.seo- iS5 NOTICES. H , Boston. by the lato s foomh and nioe; a8d tho ua s continned. Cmmty - Attormast is continal . by the JumanYE. Tg—lms, E‘.:H;,m,? 4 Board for n.dnc«'mmmununmmmudmv- ' county for a claify 2% “"‘“““'Pfi- R‘"x:x;: a incurred 1:!nrdbm'n. and leaves tne burglary, at tho X Py decided that ung tho County Bosr, moch as ho Cou} 3 @fz}mm ring tho oxpenss___ plensod about py as Judge of t& Msy 10, 1873 mended that m t man; heace the : Ho also mpnxzDVERTISERs. : 2::: ':,’l,?';l:“m lumns on Sundsy moriing s to havp @DPelled to request advertisors tal for the' ,wmnma for- that issue atas tho County §#/1n'order that they msy with uu.lm attic mfllflfluunm increased eccompmm— der that contracs thio genior member of the additions, 8y & Co., was clécted ';:“":":fl‘:m:‘fh Temporanco Socioty, covared the orig New York, yesterdsy. coatinning conwrieneral Goverument to .improvements, 0 and sala of -intoxicat- bo made by subing United States. (RGP S—— John B, Gof Temoved Penitentiary bill of compls;, Butz, and Reed, and has &g‘mnfl“fi"j‘nr Canisins, and J. W. JFobo . CoTey+ Tho reason given for ‘William J. and oty The now Board " A ey moved tho Warden for 2 sote sgned 1, : fendsnts; tha il ?,:;";:;;‘dj;“lnm in Mexico. Severa] " .ever in tho ‘Pihave been preaching po- Lomanser's’ * town of Ajacs, in which *' Coffoy, Cullenince to the Government - tho 1ast 1ame the laws, and tle police parties to the tons to break up their es- Temained 50dy them to live apart. - who, with Cof i f&?fiz’m tohave “earned” the i :g‘d‘flublm Ytice of the Supreme Court, i ’ nahnnmco:r?y ‘pusin, is tho man. He { of Lomasney,deposed Charles Sumner ! e oy pasitteo of Foreign Tiela- H exercise of —meron inhis place, when ; 00 br o dono. If this does ot H within mgm 2 o ehould ks to kaow i * turn the wl | i ; +3ia wonld holer worked hardor or did which offer 6b. 5 . been ready 1 Qistinct oferyrenog the Caclist xefo- which afTairs seus hid them driven out the matter may. sndin the mu-Li even on the Swiss Re- Suctmion rostratfoothold there, and now sy interest in,8. Government prosecute William V. “é: London, This Com- eseful in raising mong n..gm i g Eonen \nl.h remarkable fervor 7. Biates soldiers and two officers to Bt. Martinsvillo . [, fomake’ axrests among the leaders of the Me- b that their erival will st onco put sn ,‘flnflwflm tzoublea in fl:e parish. Reinforce- %, Our own conclusiors, derived from the off- cial report of the blackmailers themsolves, was same as that reached by our correspondent bugh another ‘process, If we were led astray the firet. instance, it was because Messrs. P‘n.xps_ Dodge & Co. paid the money, instead of ting kamem ‘etrwoon tho eses as fast poly cu bo broken up by the ernment. Itwas announced, long g0, that tha¥ Government, Wien it the chastor of 1554 to the New York, evtonidiand & London - Telegraph Com- y,xesarvefl the nght‘ol buying in the fran- dnd equipment, ot tost, in 1874, and that it ma aval - tself of that reservation to blnk iup the combination . and run tae cfls 53 & Government line ot popular rates. But puaed xesnlu.lmns in favor of having esbh)n.ia, and promised to take its stock. er, at $16. 3154@10 50 cach, and 0@16.75 seller June. Lard was dall and 3c n"m e, 8t 8)¢c cash, and 9c seller Jano. 5(@83{c for short rt. clear, and 10 wiled hams. High- sii strong at 89@8034e v gliu were more active and o to Buffalo. Flour was <l higher. Wheat was tor, closing at $1.273 Gor ¥R WISHED FOR BY THOSE | and j413¢0 soller June. . Oats ‘were active and sdvanced e, but closed wenk at $15¢c cash, and 835c soller June. Ryo was less active snd steady at 693¢c. Barley was nominally firm at 76@83c for common to good No. 2. Hogs wero fairly active ot £4.90@5.40. Cattle and sheep wero dull, DEATH OF JOHN STUART MILL. With the death of John Stuart Mill, England 1oges her foromost thinlker, and the world one of tho most enlightened aud stosdfast reformers that over lived. As conscientious .08 Bocrates, 4 logical s Aristotle, as mothodical as Bacon, 28 uncompromising as Calvin, ho has held tho position for & quarter of & contary as the bost- trained intellect of all the English-sposking racos. And sbove and beyond his attainments in science and philosophy, and Lis in- valusble contributions to.. the thought and literatiira of the age, posterity will most ad- ‘mire his zealous and unremitting efforts to alo- vate tho condition and improve the prospects of the common people, the pocrer classes, of Eng- land and Ireland. Though par excellence & thinker, though belonging to that class of minds who give direction to tho thought of the ago Tather than busy themselves with the dotails of political, " social, or scientific 6ffort, ho kopt an eyo singloto the elevation of thehuman race. Ho held the powers conforred upon him 88 8 8a- cred trust for the bemefit of his fellow- men, Without ostentation, without selfishness, and ho used them with prodence and economy, protracting a feeble and sickly physical frame to the period of 67 years. No Englishmsn of modern times has a better claim to a place in Westminster Abbay, but wo presumo Lis Wishes will be best consulted by an interment at Avig- non, by the side of his wife, to whoso memory ho dedicated one of his most striking essays, and upon whose tomb he inscribed the tribute of | an imperishabie love. OUR JUDICIAL ELECTION. " Under the Constitution of 1870, the olections of Cirenit Judgos of the State will tako place on the first Monday in.June. The number o bo chosen i8 twenty-two outside of Cook County, and five in this county. ' Judges Rogors, Booth, and. Farwell ‘wero elected in 1870, but tho Con- stitution has been construed tomean that the |- torms of all tho Circuit Judges ahall bogin ot the eloction in 1878. Judga Tree was clected to £l the vacancy, causod by the election of Judgo - MeAllister to tho Suprome Bench, and the torm of Judge Williams. expires by limitation. In this county, therefore, there will bo five Circuit Judges electod “and these will serve’ until Juno, 1879. i . This is & matter of too much importanco to bs overlooked by the pablic. The State of Tllinois has in'the past been exceptionally fortunate in Thaving had an ablo and incorruptible judiciary. Bach & judiciary i of inestimable value to a large commercial city like Chicago. ~Thero is no branch of the Government 8o well caleulated to maintain the character of .a commercial city as the judiciary. Chicago has at this time nine Judges,—Messrs. Williams, Booth, Rogers, Far- well, and Treo, of the Circuit Court; Jameson, Porter, and Gary, of the Superior Court; snd Wallaco of the County Court, snd, as & body, they “will comnpare in all that goes to make up tho character’ of an honest, sble, industrious, and independent judiciary with any like body of Judges of tho samo raak in the country. We have not heard that cither on of the five Judges wheso terms are abont to expire has ever been negligent in the performanca of bis duty, has been unfair in his official action, or has in the slightest dogroe | been impeached in his integrity. In point of “ability, they will' each compare favorably with any gontlemen who would bo willing to take the places. ' We suppose, though we do not knov, that &1l of them-are willing to servo another term, dnd we bave not yet beard of any person— at Jeast the name of no reputable person has yet been sonounced—as a candidate against them. What, thereforo, is the best policy to be pur- subd with respoct to this judicial election ? The great thing nooded in a Judge is fair logal ability, incorruptible integrity, and industry. With these, the rights of the public snd the ' rights ‘of. individuels will always be protected. 8o long as we have a body of Judges who have these qualifications, who have ehown themselves to be all that any faic-minded man could desire in a conrt, is itnot the eafost and wisest plan’ for the people. to re-clect them? We do mot meari tht the presont Judges are the only five men in the county suitable to hold that offic, but when thore is no reason given for a change, no fault, personal. or official, found with eithr of tho Judges, is it not the bost policy to retain the Jndgos whom we know and have tried rather than take our chances in s new. scramble? It may be possible that some members of the Bar who have not yet becn announced as candidates map be pressod for election, and that, if elected they will mako good Judges. Nevertheless, we think stability in the courts to be of great ben- ofit, and of such importance &8s to override all considerations of & change for the mere sake of change; and wo think the public, who have so ninch at stake, can in nowise so well encourage judicial probity as by rewarding a Jadge who, has been faithful with & re-glection. We trust that there will be no attempt by any person to make party nominations, but that, by the general congent of all men of all parties, the fiveJudges now on.the Bench of the Circuit Court may be mqaxami * DEATE OF OAKES AMES, * Deiath cannot be, regardod as o retribution for “the individual faults and errors in life, for desth comes upon every man. But the circumstances of death, tho improssion it loaves upon the com- munity, and the judgment that the survivors |- pass upon the decensed, make up the final earthly reward or punishment of overy man's career. Itis well that publio-men,’ before all others, &hould keep in view that there is no success in lifo, pecuniary or otherxise, that can compensata, for & tarnished memory following death. This. fact was never more vividly illustrated then in the public sentiment that waits upon the almost: simultaneous decease of Chief Justico Chase and the Hon. Oskés Ames. .The only point of comparison between tho two men in_ lifo +was that ‘both held places of public trust; in death, the contrast between them is graphically pictured by tho senti- menta that make up their funeral cor- tego. Chief Justice Chase, who has been & physical sufferer for many years, and hns borne the brunt of many a defeat in his political career, finds in desth a unanimons and spon- tancous tribute from all parties and all men to the stondfast integrity, and thelife of devotion tohia country’s interests, which make up the summary of his carcer. None of us can know how much of mortal perceptions strviye death, o in thia lifo experionces at tho approval of his follows. This doos not constitute any part of tho principle involved, which is essentially tin- selfiah. It is tho logacy which an honest public man leaves his Yamily and friends, the exsmplo which ho improsses npon- his contemporaries, and the fruits of bis good works, which combine to furnish the most solid and lasting reward of lifo and lsbor., Tho memory ofChiof Justice Ohaso is bright with all theso, and will light up the way for the imitation of those who would follow in his footsteps. : It is impossiblo not to-think of the death 01 Oskes Ames in contrast to Judge Chaso's do- cease. It is not certain that tho Credit Mobilier revelstions hastened the death of Oskes Ames, any moro:than it did that of James Drooks. Brooks failed rapidly after tho foarful exposure and the public diegrace’ with which ho was visitel. It was mnot -remorse in his case, but his spirit was broken. It was ‘his prido that received & death-blow.. His last appesrances in Congress were pictures of dejec- tion and despeir. Tho case of Oakes Ames wos differont from that of Jumes Brooks. He was ossentially s money-get- ter. Tho amassing. of wealth was his chiof aim in life, a part of his early education, and caeded to a profitablo business which his father had left him ; ho grow np under those commer- cial influences which concentrate upon:the power of wealth ; he wasthe autocrat of s manufacturing district; Hie dsbbled in all sorts of speculations, stocks, railronds, and. Government contracts, which promised to yiold profit; ho went to Con- gross with the single purpose of advancing - his interests and influence as & millionaire. The shrewd importurbability, snd the manifold sd- vantage which he maintained throughout the Credit Mobilier inquiaition, showed himto boa 'man of intellectual expedients. Yot ‘ho never employod his talents in Congress to originate any public policy, to sustain any public measure, or ta givo himself the_ slightcs prominenco 88 s lcgislator. Ilis mind was entiraly engrossed with the hobby of money-making. Ho-was a impossible to -conceive that Oskes Amos went into'Credit Mobilier, used his Congres$ional posi- tion; - and infinenced - others to .uso their Congressional influence, to advanco this schome fo dofraud | the Governmént, 28 o pure and nataral business transnotion, with- out any distingt consciousnoss of wrong-doing. 1t would probably have struck him as a neglect of his duty as & business man if he had failed to take advantige of his Congressional oppor-- tunities to advanco his intcrests as amoney- gelter. It this view may be justly ‘taken of Oakes Ames' career, it throws a large shareof the blamoof his mistakon' lifo npoa the mercantile ‘practices of this ags and country. Much of tho corruption of the times, both privato and public, may be directly traced to a morbid greed for gain. The first lesson in the school of American life is the .value of money, and the study is continued through all tho grades of sdvancemont. It is taught so- cially, whero money opens doors that would otherwise bo closed against, boorishness or vica. 1t is taught in official circles, where money buys places that otght to_ bo reserved for merit and” integrity. It is tought in tho churches which rear magnificent tomples, and call those men to preside over their doctrines whose contriputions aro largest and whose pows are the most costly. It is taught s nseiduously in commercial circles that this chief end in lifo is permitted to justify means which would be unreservedly condemned in eity abstract consid- eration of their character. Monoy-making of itself is not a noble pursuit, nor does success therein irdicato - any distinguished sbility or s carcer to bo proud of. Yot it has bacome & pro- -fession per se, and Oakes Ames’ career was an example of how strong a hold it hag upon tho pooploof ourday. Inhis case, thero is littlo doubt that the oxclusivo, absorbing, and perni- cious passion for wealth, pursued without any higher purpose than that of mere scquisition, destroged talonts thatmight havo becn mado usoful to his country, end poisoned perceptions that may primarily have been true and worthy.: Death has thus quickly overtaken the two ‘most prominent Congressional operators in the Crolit Mobilier _frauds,—James Brooks. and Oskes Ames,—and each in his way has illus- trated how talent, and wealth, and position may Do porverted. There is no disposition on the part of any one to follow them up sfter death; but their. deaths rather than their lives show tho hollowness of public careers that have no higher nims than personal advancoment, to be attained at the sacrifice of evorything that pre- rents itself in the hape of nn obstacle. Bocie- ty must cstimato its own share of responsibility for tho practices, influences, and education that holp to model such carears. i FREIGHT RAILWAY TO THE EAST. The . scheme for & doublo-track steel-rail freight railroad from New York to the West is receiving some attention in various quarters. Perdonsare discussing the propriety of having it ‘made to Bt. Louis, Cincinnati, and other points. Wo. think that such n rosd, constructed by pri- vato capital and honestly managed, would not only be profitable to the stockholders, but would -admit of the transportation of freight at rates that would be eatisfactory to the people. It is questionsble, however, whether tho construction of such a railvay by National subsidies would not ‘aggravate’ the present condition of the transportation question. The Pacific Railroads are costly examples of what may be expected of corporations in which the Government is & part- nor, and is expected to farnich all the capital, Nevertheless, if Congress is to go into this business and is to issno one or two hundred mill- ions of dollars to build this raflway, it is advisa- Dle that the work shall be made as useful s pos- sible,—at loast to the extent of having it built on the line whers it is most needed, and with ter- ‘mini that can give it employment and businoss. To build such & road without - bringing it to Chi- cagowonld be an sct of folly, since it ia here that the heaviest gorge of freight always takes place in the winter. The whole West is amply connceted with Chicago by railroads,—extending to all parts of Iows, Wisconsin, Minnesots, Ne- brasks, and the Pacific States, and also with Eansad, Colorado, Arkansas, and Texas. All theso regions are embraced in the Chicago rail- road ‘systen. Bt. Louis, morcover, does not want this railwsy to-the East. ‘Ble enjoys tho blessed indepéndence of - possessing the great highway carved out by Nature for the transpor- tation of the surplus productions of the North~ west. Bt. Louis would naturally rosent the attempt of any of her citizons to use any other ronte of transportation than the ono pro- hother tho Iste oni.lflqfi-s;zmum_.- fidhalthe works of God, it '2 =y oz me a vided by the Almighty. In their reverence for “fully confirmed by his habits of life. He suc- |. fotish worshipor of;the Almighty Doller. It isnot_ FHE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SATURDAY, MAY 10, 1873. of any double-track steel-rail *competing route. Cincinnati, inlikemanner, will hardly ask for this railrosd. For fifty years that city has been waiting for the enlargement of the Lonis- ville Canal 8o as to admit the commerce of the world to the great motropolis of the Ohio River. Bhe wanta’ no double-track steel railway, now that that canal is completed, and she is in direct water communication’ with BSowth Americs, Ching, Europo, and tho East Indies. Though these cities are in no way competitors, it is pos- siblo that other persons, not knowing all -the facts, might desire to_forco this railway mpon them, as aspite to Chicago, whose tradedoes noed such a railway. 8o long s the measure is to be sgitated, it wonld. be well for our commercial bodies to give it such attention as to keep it permanently before the country, that tho only poinit in the Wost ‘actuslly gorged with freight and to which this railway can furnish relief is Chicago. TH STRANGLING OF AGRICULTURE. The farmers, with a a degroo of ununimity hard- Iy éver witnossed: hmmflo maintain that the protective tariff in force since 1860 has burdened their Industry and retarded its progress. The census of 1870 proves that thoy have reason for their opinion. ) During the preceding decade, from.1850 to 1860, whon low dutics wore in force, sgriculture advanced far mor rapidly than population, both in value of property and in quantity of products. The value of farms increased 103 per cent, the walue or livestock 100 per cent, and the produc- | tion of all the important crops iucressed from 30 10200 per cent. The inereased value of -farmis proves that this advanice in ‘production Was not counterbalanced by increase in the cost of pro- duction, or defeated by failure of {he market and depreciation in the price of products. But the census of 1870, after a decado of pro- toctive duties, shows that the value of farms has incronsed sinos 1860 only 5 per cent, tho value of livo stocl: less than 6 per cent, and that the pro- duction'of half of the most important crops has actually decreased in quantity. Only two of thém have incrensed s rapidly as intheprevious decade, and the gain in these instances has been defoated by a reduction ix price. The quantity produced of corn, rye, buck- ‘wheat, tobacco, and cotton has actually decreas- ‘ed since 1860, and thd quantity of potatoes has ineressed very little. On’the other hand, the quantity produced of wheat, oats, barley, hay, and wool s incrensed, thongh, in the aggre- gate, far less than. the .-same crops increased’ during . the. precoding decade. Moreover, this “incresse in: quantity produced has beon balanced by s very large ad- vance in the cost of production, leaving a much, smaller margin of profit even it crops had beon sold ot the prices of 1660. And, to push the farmer faster towards bankruptey, ‘these crops have beeri sold, when compared with the gold values of 1600, at a decline in the price of every one excépt oats. In consoquence, the aggrogate value of all products of agriculture, which was catimated at §2,598,393,964 in 1860, sppears from the census returns to have been in 1870 only $2,447,538,658, in 5 currency equivalent, -during tho . yoar 1869, when the crops thus returned were raisod and marketed, to 753§ cents on the dollar in gold, go that the gold value of products of agriculturs, s returned by the census of 1870, was only §1,847;891,687,—n loss of 28 por cent. It i8, howover, true, that tho estimates of 1860 wore probably somowhat above the actual prico paid to the farmer for his crops, but they in-- cluded only the values of articles produced, while in 1870 the returns of annual products in- cluded not only the prices af crops, but the yalue of all incresse’ of stock, ‘and improvements of 1and and other property. The surest test of- the progress of agriculture, however, is. found in the valuo of farms, livo stock, and implements, The consus reports givo.only the crops raisod in the yoars preceding -the enumerstion, and, 85 crops vary widely in quantity, the tess is unrelisble. Nino years of incressing production and great prosperity might | Do followed, in tho very year preceding the cen- sus, by a general failure of crops; the yield of 1859 might have boen much above, ‘and that of 1869 much below, ‘the aversge. Nor does & comperisin of . crops go to the root of the .matter, for it gives no test of the relation between the cost of products and tho prices Teceived for products during dif- forent periods. ‘But the value of farms and other property at the close of esch decade tests tho average value of his labor and investment to tho farmer. The value of farms measures and is measured by the average value of products compared with cost of production. If the farmer has been fairly repaid during the decade for his labor and investment, his farms will surely have advanced in price, and he will have added largely to tho velue of stock and fmplemonts used. But if his industry has been embarrassed, and has failed to secare s fair roward, then' the natursl increase in stock and implements will sppear to have beon checked, and the advance in the price of farm land—which is natural in s conntry rapidly being filled by immigration, and develop- od in its resonrces—will have been retarded. Now, tho value of farms in 1860 was 96,645~ 045,007, having increased during the decade of low duties 103 per cent. But the valuo of farms in 1870, notwithstanding the settlement of entire States and the reduction to cultivation of ‘many thousands of acres ot land formerly wild, was only $9,262,803,861 in currency, or in gold £6,991,216,915, an increase during the decade of high duties of only 5 per cent. The value is reduced to gold st the average promitm for 1869, both because all land is slow to - change value ' in corrospondehce with. s fall in gold, and bscauso the value of agricultural Iand is messured by the met value of crops, and r.\m latest crop prior te- the census valnation was messured by the currency of 1869, Again, the value of all live stock in 1800 was ©1,089,829,915, having_increasod just 100 per cent during the decade of low dutics. ‘But, in 1870, the value Was $1,525,276,457 in cur- rancy, or $1,151,583,725 in gold—a gain of 63{ per cent since 1860. The value of farm imple- ments, which was $246,118,141 in 1860, hav- ing incroased during. the decade €0 per cent, was, in 1870, only §336,876,420 in currency, or $254,343,213 in gold, an increase of 3 per cent. farming, including land, stock, snd improve- ments, bas incrensed’ but 5. per cent—from £7,090,493,003 in 1860, to £8,307,148,853 cur- rency, or §6,991,216.915 gold, in 1670. The causes of this depressionin agriculturalin- Qustry will require separate considoration, but it should here be remarked that it cannot be mainly ascribed to tho elects of war nnd & change of indusiry upon tho Southern States. For a comparison of values and products of Northern Btates separately proves that, apart from the effects of tho war, agricullure has thero 8180 boon retarded and donied its natursl prog- ress. Considoration of tho cost of pro- duction and ' prices of products will ‘boon of & freo ride, - President Olark- says, These are decisive facts. They prove thatthe farmers of this country have been unable during the last decado to realizo & fair return for thoir Iabor and investment. For if we allow for near- 1y 26,000,000 acres of land, uncultivated in 1860, ‘but settled and improved in 1870, the actual value of farms will bo seen to have materi- ally decressed. - Notwithstanding the settle- ment of new country and the opening of pew ferms, notwitbstanding the fact that the roportion of the population engaged in farming has remained sbout the sxme,—for it = Sflwcfnl?nlm,udfiparmntm g W also show that the tariff haa done nearly as much 28 the wholesale robbery and misgovern- ‘ment of carpet-baggery and tho unsteadiness of Iabor combined, to prevent revival of agriculture at the South. Without here examining ' causes, lat it be obsorved that in 1860 more than three- fourths of the entire production of wealth in this conntry came from agriculture, and in 1870 only ‘57 per cent. In 1860, the vamue of farms, live stock, ond implements was 66 per cent of tho entire wealth of the country, elaves not being included as propaity, but in 1870 it was only 8¢ per cent of the-en- tiro wealth. Wo commend to tu'mm the fol- ‘lowing contrast : Value farm property. Valus manus’ A 550, s ey 2 ot A 1860, B.'MJSG.EM s a,ma oot Bowles became ambitions, and devised a sciome whose magnificenco might have -been modeléd on Presdent’ Grant's insugual. suggestion of the universal harmony of nutions under one common Ianguage and one grand republic. Mr. Bowlos proposed to establish an “international banking and express company” fo furnish cheap circulation of men, and money, and merchandise sll over the world, with the City of Ge- neva -as- & sort of general clearing-house. The 6bject was the broad one of “supplying all tho wants of the traveling community of any nation.” This Utopian scheme was actuslly in- sugurated under tho titlo of the “American Joint National Agency (Limited),” though it appeared fo be unlimited, and it was undoubtadly this vagary that was responsible for the failure of s banking-oise which had gained the confidence of the traveling. com- munity in Europe, and had secured s business which, under conservative management, would have been pormanently profitable. Tho New York Tribunchas made a compilation showing the increase of salaries and officos made by the Iast Congress. Aside from:certain con- tingont and indefinite- increases that were au- thorized and cannot be estimated, tha total in- crease figures up the enormous sum of $1,252,~ 557 in the annual expenses of the Government. To properly understand this advance, it must be remembered that this additional expense is not for the time being, nor for one year, but that itls for all time,—thouniversal tendoncy being to en- Which is beltor, the perioa in which both in- dustries advanco hand in hand, or that in which tho manufacturer gains less and the farmer gaina nothing? ONE REFORM ACCOMPLISHED. One good result of the action of Congress in” ppising the earnings of {he Union Pacific Rail- way for Government transportation and the mail sorvice to its debt to the Government haa been the abolition of the system of free passes, & kind of.alms for which Congrossmen and Govern- ment officials generally bave been persistent boggars. The road, ' sftor the loss ~of ita earnings from the Government, had to chooso betweon sbolishing its elesmosynary passenger traffica and going into bankraptey, and sensibly chose the former. President Clark, in a recont conversation with n New York re- ‘porter, says hundreds of thonsands of dollars have béen lost every year under the desd-head systom. Hundreds of passcs, amounting in valuo' to thousands of dollarses are begged for daily. These boggars for the paltry belong, most of them, to the rich and the power- tul classes; who are able to pay their own farcs, Members of Congress nad of the Cabinet bog them for themselves and their families and friends, and instances are known where Con- gressmen have hawked their passes about for sale. Mr. Clark could not bo brought to ac- knowledgo that thoso railroad favors wero issucd 8g bribes, or that fho official acts of Government employes were influericed by them. Ho preferred to put it on the less ingenuous gronnd that the Company were afraid to deny tho official alms-secker for fear of offending; it waa not 8o much o bribo as s gop to Cerberns. No wonder that Mr. Clark complainod, when the reporter pressed his questions. on this point, that it was “embarrassing to an- swer,” .that ho was “rather crowding him” and “must let uwp Tho effect of giving these passes in this wholesale way is to impose tho burden of railroad charges upon tho other and less wealthy' and unofficial classes of the communities along the line, while the wealthy and influontial ride freo. It cheats the stockholders, embarrasses the public men who are within its range, irritates the people who pay their own way, tempts the employes of the com~ pany to follow the example of the Directors, and give away rides to .their friends, thus practis- ing liberality at the expense of others.. It bur- dens railroads with an unprofitable passenger traffic, and drives thom to indemnify them- selves by raising thelr freight-charges. *The abrogation of free passes,” Ar, Clark said, and the merciless exaction of passenger-fares, will large rather than diminish the compensation for official services. By suthorizing this incrense of 81,262,657 in sanooual salaries; -Congress has ' dome the game -in effect 88 - if it hod sdded $25,000,000 of perpetual interest- bearing bonds to the public debt. - Had euch a proceeding oceurred, the public ontery would' bave been loud and dangerous; yet Com- gresa does the very ssme thing by sn accumula- tion of items, and the party in power goos be- foro the country with the claim of retrenchment. The Tribune likens this kind of rotrenchment to Civil Service Reform with Caseys, Newmans, ‘Holdens, and Sharpes ; to humanitarianismwith & Modoc war; to honest Administration with blackmailing of the kind levied upon Phelps, Dodge & Co. ; to o dignified foreign policy with Vietina episodes; to reconstruction with the Louisiana usurpation ; to devotion. to.public trusta which scatter President and Cabinet on pleasure tours; and to the other manifold abuses which pass for reforms. 1t s intimated in certein quarters’ that Mr. B.: 8. Cox will not be permitted to socurs the Demo- cratic nomination for Congress, to fill the va- cancy caused by Mr. Brooks® death, bocsuse be appointed the Investigating Committee which exposed Mr. Brooks’ Credit Mobilier transactions slong with the others who'were implicated. This circumetance may, possibly, deter the cancus from giving Mr.. Cox the party nom- ination, but w belleve that it would act in pre- cisely tho other direction: before the people; and, if Mr. Cox f8 refused the party nomination on this account, wo do not-doubt that. he could go beforo the people and ba elected as an independ- ent candidate. Mr. Cox.has been an sble, use- fol, and honest Congressman, and it would be to the benofit of the whole country to have him re- &mme his placo in the Hoise of Representatives. The people and the caucns look upon the Credit Mobilier class of legislationin o very different. light. Obituary. . soms stuaRT amIL. John Stuart Mill was born in 1806. e was thoson of James Mill, the historian of India, and Exeminer of Indisn. Correspondence in the | East Indian House, snd celebrated among Eng- lish thinkers for his motaphysical and economio studics, James Mill was of humblo birth, but gained in his generation & position only lesa commanding than that which his son achieved in sin carly ogo, James Mill sttracted the atten- tion of Jeremy Bentham, who took him into his own - house, where ho lived for .sev- eral jears, and became thoroughly indoo- trinated with the views of his great master, whose disciple he was always prond to be called. o was pronounced by Macsulsy the most dis- tingunished of tho utilitarian philosophers after pormit tho gradual reduction of freights.” THE MORAL SIDE OF THE INDIANW POLICY. Mr. John P. C. Shanks, & member of Congress from the Fort Wayne District, in Indians, and Iate Chairman of the House Committce on In- dian Affairs, writes s leiter to the New York Times, in which he proposes to hold up the tmornl sida™ of the Indian question, and in- sists that the whole race of the American Indi- ans must not be condemned on sccount of the acts committed by some fifty or sixty Modocs. It would probably be difficlt to find any person who has domanded the exterminationof the whole Indian race, as Mr. Shanks intimates, be- canee of tho depredations and murders that cer- tain isolated bands have committed. But Mr. Shanks gives the key to the popular protest against the present Indian policy when he adds, in the same communication : *Even these mur- derers of tho lamented Canby and Thomas are of this class of wronged and oppressed people, driven from homes and friends.” The promoters of tho present Indian policy are not content with deyising the means whercby tho Indian outrages are rendered numerous and deadly, but, like Mr. Shanks in the present instance, they follow up these outrages with maudlin sentimentality intended to modify the just pun- ishment with which savage treschery should bo treated. Mr. Shanks, and the other gentlemen +who are engagod in presenting the * moral side” of the Indian question, should pause in-their recapitulation of Indian persccutions to estimate their own responsibility for a system that has’ fostered corruption among Indian Agents, specu- lated upon Indian supplies and lands, and be- trayed usetul citizens and brave men liké Canby into ambushes where they met their death. The moral phase of the controversy will be ‘best developed when these gentlemen admit that it was their obstinate adherence to the *policy ” which gave the Modocs their present oppor- tunity to defy the whole army, long after their hostile purposes were a8 cloarly Manifeat 2sat the time Canby and Thomas woro massacred. Mr. Nathag Appleton, a special partner in the late banking firm of Bowles Bros. & Co., bas ‘made a statement in regard o its alfairs, which, while it fails to throw any new light on the real and immediate causes of the collapse, shows that it was the result of a speculative tendency. Mr. Appleton had farnished £100,000 in money, and the active partners the fixtures and good- will of the old business as £100,000 more, with which they appear to have dome a large and flourishing business, ~ with offices in Paris, London, Genmeva, ‘New York, and Boston. It is certain that.the business was fally 23 extensivo as the capital and per- mal attention of the active partners warranted. e Bentham, and his “History of India” was ad- mitted to bo the ablest of, all the works on the subject, as well as the firat that presented sonnd views of Indian policy. It exercised a great and beneficont influence on tho subsequent mensures of the Government. ' Ho waa tho first editor of the Irestminsler Review, was o contributor to the earlier numbers of the. ZEncyclopedia Brilannica, and wrote works on politics, metaphyics, ethical philosophy, and political economy, which in their dsy reccived great attention, although now, of course, they are superseded by the efforts of later thinkers, smong whom tho greatest is his son. The studies and achievements of the father are of interest, if, for no other reason, becsuse in them thoss of tho son clearly had their origin and inspirstion. The latter were mot s repe- tition of the former; tho father, for example, +was an earnest advocate of the principles of Ric- ardo in political economy, but all who have fol- lowed the economic invesligntions of the son know how far he has carried the scierice beyond the misdirected deductions of the Banker-Econo- mist. And he wes equally independent in all things. Still he wrought in the same lines as his father, and “his work, though anything but 3 repetition, may justly be called a continuation of that of James Mill. Jobn Stuart Mill was edneated at home, and under the constant and direct supervision of his fathor. His training eibraced s yery wido range of subjects, but was pursued according to vigorous and exact methods, to which he owes tho singularly clear and activo charaster of hia mind. Like Goothe, who. won some of *his earliest notice by botanical and physical studies, hismind was broad enough to comprehend nataral science, as well as metaphysical, and tho firat record of his name occurs in ‘the * Britigh Flora,” a8 an guthority for the habitat of flowers, - In 1820 be went to France, where be lived for & year, making -himselt master of the French language and attonding lectares on science. -He lived for some time in Paris in the house of Jean Baptiste Say, the great French economist,where he became scquainted with many men distin- tinguished, then or afterward, in lettors and politics. - Ho spent part of his time in the south of France in the house of Sir Bamuel Bentham. During this stay in France he laid the founda- tion of his great familiarity with and interest in French politics and literatare. He followed his father into the service of the Britiah Govern- ment, and, in1823, horeosived clerkehip in the India House, and in 1858 succeeded to the re- spansible position his father had filled beforo him,—that of head of the Department of Indian Correspondence, one of the most important cx- ecative posts in the gift of the East India Com- pany. In 1858 this department was trans- ferred to the General Government, and ho ‘withdrew from it. He was then offered by Lord Stanley a seat in the Indian Council, but de- clined it. The ready recognition sccorded his ‘mental powars is shown by thefact that, when on- 1y 21 years ofage, he was chosen by the disciples’ of Benthamto edit Bentham's * Rationale of Juridical Evidence.” This task was not beyond hia ability, for his was.one of those gifted minds which is 0ld young and old slong-; < His natural S " seat in December, 1868. - of the throat. | that .even beforo -ho attained s legal mm his place was concaded ns among those of ful intellectual stature. The Westminster Review, of which his father had been the firsteditor and tha chief contributor, had become the London and - Westminster Review in his time. He edited it from 1835 to 1840, and wrote for it the famous articles_on ‘Bentham and Coleridge. The first- slaborate presentation of .the philosophy with which his pame is- identified was made in'1843 in his work entitled “*Systom of Logic, Ratioci.- native and Inductive.” The next year ho issued his ““Esssys on Some Unsettled Questions ~ of " Palitical ,Economy,” aud in 1848 appeared his grest work entitled * Principles of Political Ecoriomy, with Some o Their Applics- tidns to Boclal Philosophy.” His objoct in this wark, the great ability of which met with instan- tancous acknowledgment and raised him fo a Tank among political economists second to none -but Adsm Smith, was, s ho ‘states in his pro- * face, to illustrate general principles with practi- cal epplications, particularly.those which had shown themselves in the fruitful years sinca the “Wealth of Nations” was publiched. He also in- trodiced the products of later aud fresher inquiries than Adam Bmith’s with regard to such topica as ourrency, foreign trads, Iand, populs- tion, and colonization. His * Dissertations and Dmmmnlnnx Political, Philogophical,, and Historical,” published in 1859, and collected from the psges of the Weatminster and Edinburgh Reviews, present his philosophy in nearly all its applications. In 1859 he published his * Lib- erty,” in which ho upholds the rights of indi- vidusl, moral, and intellectusl indepéndence, sgainst tho growing despotism of ‘gocial and. political masses. This brilliant esssy i3 devoted to his wife, whom he had ut lately lost at Avignon, whence he has gote . 1o join her, and whom ha has rendered immortal by this besatiful tribute which we reproduce - entire. It throws a3 much light upon the man John Stcart Mill as could. bo given by any dis- ion of the principles of his philosophy, or Tecapitulation of tho datés of the events of his life. This noble dedication runs ag follows : T> the beloved and’ deplored memory of her who . ‘was the inspirer, and_in part: the author, of all that is best in my writings, fo friend and wifo Whote exalteX sense of truth and right was miy strongest incitem and. whoss spprobation * was “my Toward, Like all that I hava dedicate this volame, * written for many o, to ber a5 to me; but mors careful e czamination, which (hey aze Gentnon never to receive. ‘WeroI buf capable’ of int ting. 3o Tho woeld. one-balf tho Grest tuOUGh(a 2nd BOPS feetinga which are buslod in her gravo, T should be the ‘madlum of » grester beneft thaa is ¥er Iikely to arise from anything that I can write unprompted and une sssisted by her all-t bnb-\mrlnlzd ‘wiadom, His latest works were, * Considerations on - Representative Government,” in - 1861 ; *‘ Utilis ianism,” in 1662 ;. * Augusate Comte aud Posi- tivism,” -and “Examination -of Sir William Hamilton’s Philosophy,” in 1865; *Inaugural Address Delivered ta the. 'Umvamty of Bt. An- drew,”. in- 1867 ; “England and -Ireland,” in 18683 and “‘Tho' Bubjection’ of Women,” in 1869. -In politics, John Stusrt Mill has always beenradical. From the commencement of his career ho has assiduously .advocated in the public journals of--Great Britain the broad- est and " most’ liberal 'political reforms. m was very active - during --the agitation - for Patlismentary Reform _betwoen 1830 and 1840. Inhis *“Thoughis on Parliamentary Re- form,” in 1859, ho sdvocated the oxtension of . tbe eloctoral suftrago fo all honseholders without distinction of sex.. Ho has been the foremost ‘advocate in England of women sulfeage, and therois not probably in print any abler prosenta- tion of this subject and of the system of minor- -, ity representation than is to bo. found in his “ Considerations on Representative Govern~ ment.” He was in Parliameit for threa years, representing Westminster from 1865 to 1868, and- acted with the advanced Liberals. He lost his In 1870 ho was electsd an Associate of the Belgian Academis Royale. Ho haa Telaxed his severs labors for s year -or-two, and songht to restore his health, ly fecbls and exhausted by his an- remitting eoxertions, His fatal disense was: an sffection of- the throat, which: Issted’ but thres days,. finally closing the passges. Ho leaves several works which have never beon published. Among ‘them is his autobiography, which ho had but recently com- pleted; and which heleft in London in the hands of the printer. %4 - NOTES AND O OPINION, The Republican Canvenhon of McHenry County, at Woodstock, elected delegates in favor - of Judge Thomas D. Murphy in the Second Cir- cuit, and “Resolved, That wo, tho representatives of the Beyub- - lican p;r‘iyd’ of ucwn:’nry Gounty, sssezblod In convea- tion, being entirely opposed to the system of frea, railfoad passes in the hands of. our public offears, do' Foquest the person elected fo the ofiteof CircultIoigs in.this district whomay hold such pssses to return the same. And, farthe, that he will ot secepl or nse any such pass, or other favors from railrosds, during ‘his ¢ontinuance in such office, " - ' =By the farmers of Champaign County:: Resciced That this’ Convention 13 in_eamest, and mieans business. Resolced, That wo belleva the Leglslature has'the - right to i maximum rates of fare and -freight, and . that when guch rates are fixed by law the courts’” should sustain the Iaw, , - —The discussion in Towa, of a propositionthst - the Repablicans concede to 'the Democrats one place on the Supreme Bench of the State (vice Beck, whose term expires), has also given rise to this rumor, which may or'may not be mere sean- ° dal, viz: That the railroad managors want & Judge more * trustworthy than Mr. Beckisun- derstood to be; and that the Republican mana gors havo agreed to farnish such & Judge, under the guise.of & concession to the Demoeracy—ths Republicans, of course, selecting the man and making the Democrats responsible for him. While, therefore, several Republican organs are ‘uiging the concession, several Democratic papers are urging the re-election of Judge Beck. § —That guilty Congressmen may &ee byhow much and how goon ¢he storm of_popular wrsth against them is likely to **blow over,” we quote’ from leading editorials in two Cincinnati pxpm of llny 8, o8 follows : e e Gony nal salary bill has killed more public poum? Tha sy measars cver adogied by Rny legielative bods. And it has Killed them without regard fo party relations. We have never obsarved such 3 atorin of tudignation, or & ‘unanimi isnot a p‘énm verdict, hut a verdict of the people . without regard to And tho storm willnot blow over. Those Congressmen who expect it to subside. il be grievously dissppolated —Gazetis (Jdmfmtm— ion). Ev!ry Senator and Representative who pockets this moneyis a doomed man. He need mot uflm self that bis constitueats bave short mom forget fiagrant jon of marality rush orzalhgr exciting events,—Commercial the next, under the impulse he inherited. At |, ‘(lndl- Tho men who have stolen this money, and those other men who think to “innocently™ take it becanse it in the Iaw, will find themselves— all of them—ins list of proscribed persons whom 10 vote of Congress can ever yelieye of politi- cal dieabilities, becanso s greater than Congress has denonnced sentenco upon them, Let them, nowhe well advised that, however much u;: le may be perplexed with otber issues, Ehem, persemaly, fnq socoptancaof £1500saary will bo death ! Kot one of them will o found in any elective office of honor or trust after their present terms expire. —'The New York Evening Post, in an articls headed, “Bring Then to the Test,” advises the people that they take no Congressmsn's word for it, but demand proof of deposita with Tress- urer Bpinner. e pay-rallof the United States is sctually increased 81,252,557, notwithstanding' the 1arge reduiction of force in the Internal-Bevenua ser- vice, and the bonst of economy in some other departinents. ou Congressman Farwell, it is understood, . expects to retire at the end of his present (be- ing the second) term; but Congressmén Bico snd Ward will doubtless like to be eligible £0F re-election. . —Simon Cameron has never been saccused o refanding his salary-grab, but Simon Csmeron's organ says : lg!-gmvm S “f‘"fl‘:‘ for Mr, Sumner to « s A A