Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, May 4, 1873, Page 8

) k loeuiunoamm HoaAw THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, MAY 4, 1873, TERMS OF THE TRIBUNE.. TERME OP SUBSCRIPTION (PAYAELE TN ADVAXCE). B12. 881 Sundas. 2.80 ¥ fl‘ln same flm. To prevent delay and mistakes, bs sure and glvs Post, Ofico zadress fn ul, oeiaiie Stets and Gousis: Fiomif cos may bo made either hydnfl-, cxproes, Post Office order, nr m n::lsmn lettes 5 70 CITY BUD: Datl, dcliseied, Sundsy gxcentod, Dails, deliercd, Sundny ncludod nta Do, wock. Address EETRUNS COMPARY, Cotacr Madison 858 Doasbormatr OREats, Tl - BUSINESS NOTICES. STATIONERS' ATTENTION|-NEW_ ORICAGO'S or Head * Paper5cents per sheet. For salo by tioners and nown doalers. At wholosale, S1 per ream. ENNECKER, Agcat, 83 Marksvat. COVERNME 3B 3TANUFAC COVERNMERT ARTIEIOIAL LMD SLUTUEAC DR S wavestavy iy oo 5 GHi exfferied 156 Govorament' to. fasmish soldie: and Spparatie. The Chigago Tribune, unday Morning, Msy 4, 1873. THE LEGISLATURE CF ILLINOIB. ‘Tho second Legislature elected under the new (Constitation of Tlinois has about closed its la~ bors. Itis s eatisfaction to the poople of this State, who had been so long carsed and dis- gracod by tho biennial Legislature atSpringfield, to kmow that tho roform attempted by the Con- gtitution of 1870 has been, ina great measure, gucceeafal. Though the Legislature now is nearly doubly 88 numerons 88 it was under tho old Constitution, adinitting many new and inex- perienced men to the Council of the State, and thongh the limitation on the duration of the sessions has been removed, there tes been a docided improvement in. the general character of the General Assembly. This result has been produced by geveral causes. 1. The new Conititution, by prohibiting special Logislation, has removed the inducoment for a large class of persons to Eeek election t0 the Legisloture. 2. Those elected, having no power tolegislate in any person's interest, are not ex- posed to the temptation before which so many previous Legislatures fcll. The result is, that tho Logislatures clocted ince 1870 bave been composod, as & whole, of & better class of men, .who, having no power to legislate corruptly, have not been corrupted. Not being corrupted, #he Legislatures of 1871 and 1573 ‘have had more of the character of deliberative bodios then any of their predecossors for many years. The members have gone back to their constituents with clean hands snd witli a conscioueness of official’ purity for which the people will honor them and honor the new Con- stitution. Tt 15 not just to say that this® official integrity is wholly due to the stringent probibi- tions of the Constitution. Wa aro sure tbat tho great majority of the members of both Flouses ‘have rejoiced that: the Constitution protected them from all offers and bribes, and gave them., fhe power to say that spacial legislation was im- possible. The present Legislaturo, like its prodecessor, a8 bacn conspicnons because of its absolute in- Bependonce of corporate monopolies. For the socond timo .in & quarter of & century, tho Legislature of this. State- has mot hereafter thoy wor'd discourage -the making of |. treaties on the * give-all, take-nothing " princi- ple. As the time for the payment of the Gonova award draws nearer and nearer, Womay expect these growls to increase, both in number and in- tensity. As the growls aro harmless, they are amausing. Aftor tho sward is paid it istobo presumed tho Taon will feel better. B PR —— EMOTIONAL INSANITY. Now attention has been dircctod of Iate to thoso forms of insanity which have boen held as an excuso for the tommission of crime without calling for confinemert or any of the restraints usual in the trestment of madmen. Mr. David Dudley Field delivered en addross, a few days 2go, bofore the Modico-Legal Soclety, in New York, in which he took strong ground against the admission of emotionalor percoptional in- sanityas establishing tho irresponsibility of a criminal in the eyes of thelaw. This view is | tikely to meet with gemeral spproval It is sononnced that Dr. William A. Hammond, who is eminent authority on everything pertain- ing to insanity, will soon publish an esssy, in which he will tako materially tho same viow of tho question- 08 that sdvanced by Mr. Field. The sentiment of the Medico-Legal Society is evidently in sympathy with the movement against the construction of emotional insanity that has obtained in many of the murder-trials, and, if the medical snd legal professions join hands in the effort to break it down, it is eafe to predict thatthe theory willbe abandoned which has induced emotional juries to acquit ‘men whoso hands are red with the blood of their fellow-men. Mr. David Dudley Field accepts the division of insanity into four kinds, viz: That which de- stroys the ressoning faculties; that which nffects the perceptions; that which bresls down the will; . and that which disturbs the emotions. Ar. Field holds that only two of theso forms of insanity—those destroying the will and the rea- son—can Telieve the man who commits a crim- inal sct from responsibility under the law. Emotional insanity snd perceptional insanity are admitted to furnish strong temptations to crime, and 28 such are probably entitled to s place among other extenuating circumstances that ‘may prescrit themselves. in ony particular case, but ‘they are not in themselvesa plea in bar of punishment. Ttisheld that an affection of tho perceptions, taking the form of illusions or hallucinations, or of the emotions, which may develop and intensify the passions, cannot de- stroy the power of choosing Betwoon right and wrong. The reasor still remains to pass upon the right or wrong of an action, and the will ro- meins to enable the porson to coatrol his action. It is not mnecossary thab these .mental powers should be active at the time of tho commission of the crimo to fix' the responsibility. It is not neces- sary to prove that the crime was committed under an actual knowledge of the law governing the case; it is only necessary that tho criminal shonld have been competent to know the law, and the fanlt is his if he does not know it. The obscuring of the perceptions momentarily, which might have been preserved in their nominal con- dition by the proper exercico of the resson, or been the mere agent of corporations. That in- dependence has been ghown in the repesl of the famous Lake Park legislation of 1869,—it being rendered more conspicuons from the fact that among those in 1878 voting for the repeal were goveral who in 1868, under the Toosoness of tho old Constitation, voted for that act. ‘Who be- Jieves that the Lake Park legislation would Lave ever been ropealed by & Logislature elected under the old Constitution, and invested with the - power to pass any law for any body who would pay forit? This independenco of corporations has made the Legielature equally independent of undue pressure from all other quarters, and the o \ fegisletion of the State upon all questions of & ‘public ‘character Lss beon marked with a care, 1 Geliberation, and regard for right and - justice that have not beon known in that body for many Fears. Wo not wish to be understood a8 ssying . that the Legialature that adjourns on Tuesdsy next 8 been composed exclusively of Bolons, nor that all the mombers may bozst of an immacu- late’ character; but we do say that it has fllus- trated the wisdom of the new Constitution, which eought to render corruption impossible, and to _elevate themoral standard of the General As- sembly. There bave been many foolish things £aid, and many mistakes made, and the Liegisla- ture has been weak enongh to vote itself anothe™ sear of official existenco; but, nevertheless, tho peopls of Tlinois have reason to be gratefal that the Legislature of 1878 has not degenerated into the corruption and shamelessness which -. wwere once the rule of legislative bodies in this State. There wore one or o scts passed on Friday which it wonld be well for the Governor 0 examine, snd posibly veto; but thisis great relief from the onco ordinary logislation of Illi- nois, when the improper acts were numbered by the thousand.. et Chicago has been more than ordinarily fortu- owte in the results of the session. The delega- tion from this county, 88 a whole, hes been successful in securing all the logislation that :the peculiar wants and necessities of ' this large city required. Ono great ovil of an imperfect municipal tax-system has been romedied : *careful provision has been made to defoat the schemes of those wealthy porsons who have so long escaped taxation by. throwing their shafe upon the genoral public. The Legislature failed to appropriate money for 2 zecond lock on the Tlinoig, River, but our del-- egation succeeded in baving the surplus earn- ings of tho canal devoted to that purpose. There hos been much complaint that the Chicago del- egution ‘were often sbsent, sponding’ a hrgg part of their time in this city. We d6 not think the public interests suffored from this cause. Tho men who had personal 'interests enongh o requiro . -their _sitendsnce at - home from time to- time wore better guardians of tho publio interésts than if tliey bad no otheroccupation than serving in the Legislaturo. These Chicago members, moregver, had the ad- wantage of frequent consultation with the ‘city eathorities and the public generally, and to the great profit of both. No member from Cook County disgraced himselt by personal or official smisconduct, and all will return to the city with- ont being ashamed to meet the peoplo they have sepresented. No person outside of Illinois can @nderstand the relief that has been given by the grezt change in the character of the Legislature ond the legislation of the Btate thathos been wrought by the wise provisions and safeguards of the new Constitution. b‘ \nme periodical growling of the British Lion in b “‘,‘;o Geneva and Berlin awards in favor of mhemg i“ States is amusing, to say the lesst. this Lind was made in Parlisment on the substance of which wes that, { - regrotted what had takon place, the sway of passion, which might have been xe-- strained by asforting the power of tho will, can- not, therefore, be pormitted to exculpate one who commits o crime whichhe had the powér within himself to avoid. These clear distinclions between paasion or delusion and that complete mental collapse which showsitself in idiocy or uncontrolied mad- ness are very valuable, and it is necessary that thoy should be'impresaed upon our criminal ju- risprudence,—not that theyare now or strango,— but that they may defoat the ingenuity of law- yers who have rendered them obdcure. Of course, there has never been a belief in the minds of Judges, ‘lawyers, or jurors, that emo- tional or perceptional insanity actually relieves & murderer from the responsibility of his crime. Had thoro been an honest “beliet of this kind, Judges, lawyers, and jurors, would have united in an effort to prescribe some form of restraint over the victims of mental disease whoare' 5o dangerous to the peace and welfare of the community. Itis perfectly well known that the pleas of emotional and percoptional in- sanity have been adopted simply for tho purpose of providing some quasi-logal pretext for ac- quitting men for whom there is some sympathy on the part of the public, 6r where there is some Echeme on the partof friends to secure their release. *As an instance of the doctrine of emotional insanity, tho case of Sickles may be cited 23 ono of tho first of the category which has been 80 largely increased since that time. It is perfectly spparent to everybody novw, as it was to every- body at the timo Sickles was acquitted, that he was declared not guilty of the crime of murder ‘becanse he hid shot the manwho was supposed to be the seducer of his wife. The jury did not dare to bring in s verdict of acquittal on this ground, for it was contrary to the law. Inssnity was, therefore; the only assumption which would authorize the acquittal under the law. But the Sicklos case, also, illustrates the absurdity of the doctrine that every man has the right to kill his wife's paramour,—which is all that emotional insanity means in cases like those of Biclles, Cole, and McFarland,—for subsoguent develop- ments showed that the victim of Bickles’ emo- tional insanity could' fn no light be regarded as & ! geducer,” and that Bickles, who afterward condoned his wife's infidelity by living with her, did not occupy the high ground which the jury conceded to him asan avenger of his honor. Perceptional insanity; or that which takes the form of illusions, may bo illustrated by the ples that will bo made on the part of Robort Bleally, the man who killed: his niece in a New York brothel. Itwill be urged in Bloakly’s behalf that ho was o seligions enthusiast, and that he believed it to be his duty to Lill his niece because she was leading a life of shame. It such. a plea ghould~ be admitted by & perceptionally-insane jury, under the in- genious gnidance of lawyer, it would probably bo ascortained after acquittal, s it is protty gen- | erally belioved now, that Bleakly murderod his niece becanse she refused to share with him any Ionger the earnings of her prostitution. This combined movement of the physicians end lawyers to break down the mere pretext of emotionsl and perceptional insanity in the inter- ests of murderers and other criminalsis one that deserves to be encouraged. If a declaration of emotional insanity means simply a proclama- tion that & man may shoot = wifé's paramour, a woman kill s faithless lover, or & Wifo kill & hus- band's mistress, it is time that it should be taken out of the domain of jurisprodence, and placed “where it belongs, with theuse of intoxicating liquors, or any other of ths circumstances which abnormally develop the passions or suppress the perceptions of man. No sane man would advo- ocate & law which shon!d release such criminals from responsibility and punishment on account of the intrusion ‘upon marital honor, and thus openly establish the principle thataman may take the lifo of a fellow-man in his own hands under this or any other circumstance except that of self-defonse. Yof, 80 long as emotional and percoptional insanity is permitted to act s & bar to punishment for crimo, this doctrino is socretly admitted and approved. LEGISLATION AND TEMPERANCE. Atthelastweskly meeting of the Methodist cler- gymen in Now York City the quostion for discus- sion was: TWhat is the most desirablo legiala- tion at the prosent time for tho advancement of the interestatemporance?” Theleading sentiment of tho mectingwas in favor of prohibitorylegisla- tion a8 tho most cffoctive moana of checking in- temporance. There was one minister, however, who took a mororational viow of the question. Ho admitted, what overybody of ‘sénse and decency admits, that drankenness is a great evil and ono of the principal causes of crime ; but he was not preparcd to admit that the quickest and surest moans of proventing it was to be found in stat- utes prohibiting tho ealo of intexicating liquors, for the tery ecnsiblo reason that laws which . are too stringent aro ‘pretty suro to defeat thomselves.: Ho went fur- ther, and pointed out that the ‘moral power of the Ohurch should exert itselt moro’ largely in the work of suppressing the vico of 'intemper- ance, and that tho effoct of excessive legislation in the matter had a tendency to render this power inactivo. This protest did mot prevail, and tho majority of the ministers insisted that stringent prohibitory legislation is ‘tho only way in which drunkonness can bo oradicated. This general proposition is probably true. For those who beliove thet drunkonness will ever be thoronghly eradicated,—and to believe this would ‘betoken the highest confidence in the millennial doctrine,—the theory of prohibitory legislation ssameans to this end will, probably, commend itgelf. These persons will have to admit, how- ever, that. the enforcoment of the legielation would be even niore necessary than the legisla- tion itsolf, and to behieve in this would require 8 still greator amount of faith. Students in his- tory wonld scarcely venture upon the conclusion that this could over be secured. Americs, like every land of promise, must be ' regarded 43 in a transition or experimental stato. Our earliost forofathors started out with Arca- dian dreems, and thoir posterity has not entircly abandoned them o8 illusions. There aro still dreams of government, :of society, of virtue, of finivorsal happiness that porvade cortain respect- able and valued communities. Experiments are the order of the day. Not tho least important, nor the least embarrassing, of these, is tho Lope of establishing thonse of stimulants, which is 50 likely to bo turned into sbuse. Legislation is tho most suggestivo method of attaining this and all other desirable thingsin the country. While the law-making power rests with the peo- ple, the peoplo natnrally think that it is only necessary to mako tholaws in order to suppress objectionable practices of any kind. Ttisunneces- gary to enter into details to point out how nu- morous and humilisting have been tho disap- pointments attendant upon this pleasant fallacy. Tho doctrine that the majority rules, which is susceptible of such varied misconstruction, is largely responsible for the hellucination that s law is all that is necessary to imsti- tute any [change in tho condition of things which tho majority msy happen to desiro. Tho iden of prohibitory legwslation in liquor will serve to illusirate the absurdity of the fallacy that must sooner or later force itself tpon the American poople. To enforce a law that intoxicating drinks shell not bo sold, it would be necessary to malke alaw that intoxi- cating drinks should not bo manufactured. To enforco the Iatter law, it woald bo equally neces- sary to make & Iaw prohibiting the growing of ‘material from which intoxicating drinks may be manufactured. It would not be difficalt to trace the whole doctrine to o reductio ad absurdum, which would be undorstood by tho most obtuse advocato of prohibitory law. It would be neces- | eary to enact and enforce s law prohibiting tho, | desira of stimulant among the human race, and punishing it in & manner commeneurate with the enormity of the offense.. It is not strango that ministers of the Gospel shonld have oxtreme viowson a subject like thatof intemperance. The proposition made, that the Methodist Church shall not recognize among its ministry sny gentloman who has be- tomo committed to the porsonal misfortune of using tobacco, is indicative of the spirit with which the clergy are apt to pursuo the purpose of putting down sbuses’ Ko body af peoplo is ‘moro apt, a8 & class, to confuso use and abuse than tho clergy. Howover this train of thought may -affect ecclesiastical disciplineg church government, is for them to decide; but when they como to apply it to sccular govern— ‘ment, which has not to deal with the personal thoughts or habits. of its ‘people, except as they affect the-general welfare and the public safety, the ides of prohibition, whetherin liquor, or tobaceo, or tho nse of pro- fane language, or any other matter of personal concern, is entirely repulsive. - The Government | can only dezl with abuses; it is for tho Church to overcome the uses and break down the habits which lead to these abuses. DETECTIVE STRATEGY. Tho oxamination of George Bidwell, one of the parties connoctéd with the “forgeries on the Bank of England, which took place in London rocently, doveloped some curious phesesin do- tective adventure, which are fully equal in inter- est to those depicted inthe pages of & certain school of novelists, who never tire of interweav- ing in their stories the exiraordinary twist- ings and turnings of that 0xmord!nm7 class of the community. In thia instance, the witness was ono James McKelvie, a private detective. Ho doposed that, in consequenco of somo information he had received from certain ‘nowspaper reporters,—showing, by the way, a now sphero of journaligtic usefrlness,—ho was lod to watch =« certain house in Edinburgh. About 10 o'clock in the morning, his watchfalness was re~ warded by the sight of & man coming out of the house, whom he at once decided to be Georgo Bidwell. Ho posted & letterin the lotter-box, and then went to a stationer’s shop, the detec- tive still keeping his eye upon him. - Ho after- wards retraced his steps, ond went into a baker's shop. While standing in the door, he looked sbout in s curfous manner, as if suspicions that some one was watching hig. Hecame out, and, after getting to a corner, ran s fast a5 ho conld into & blacksmith's shop. The detective fol- lowed him quietly. Bidwell, finding that he could mnot get throngh the . ehop, tuned back, and passod the detective, the latter not interfering with him, ss he did not wish him to suspect that he was fol- lowing. Bidwell thon took a fresh start, and commenced running agsin through several streets into Beotland Lane. .Then he jumped over the railings of a clurch-yard, and then over eoveral stone walls and flmmgh private gardens; thedetectivo runningand jumping with equalagil- ity.. At last Bidwell got into a gentleman's house, and the detective, arguing that he wonld fetch up in Scotland Lano sgain, took another and shorter roufe and got into tholane | again just as Bidwell was coming out of the house. Bid- woll then ran into Duncan streot, where he was finally. bronght to bay ‘by tho deteétive. The fugitive mado soveral thrusts at the ‘@Btactive with a stick he was carrying, wherenpon tho do- tective took a small boltla from ‘'his ‘pocket, and aimod the deadly wespon at. Bidwell, 8 if it were & pistol. Now comes tho detective's ex- traordinary sagacity. Ho told Bidwell ‘to stand and bo a gentleman and a brother, and give bim his hand, which Bidwoll did; whereupon the two shook hands very affectionately—with such fer- vor, indeed, that the detective declined to let go until ho had handed him to the regulsr po- lice, Tho detective, in his testimony, explained that ho fancied ho saw Bidwell giving Masonic sign, whereupon he called him brother, and Bid- well surrendered and explained that his jump- ing over fences and stono-walls was occasioned by fits of giddiness to which he was accustom- ed. Shrewd as the detectivo may appear to some, most will consider it pretty mean and small business to address a man affectionately and entrapihim. by means of a friendly Masonic signal. Hed it not been for this signal Bidwell would £oon have discovered the innocn- ons character of “tho detective’s bottle, and, in the bout of arms which would have ensuod, un- doubtedly the stick-would have got tho better of the bottle, or thero might have been s farther extension of the exciting hurdle-race, in which even moro remarkable feats of running and jumping might havo boon perforined. Much as we may admire this detective in the various ‘phases of the foot-race, his courage in whipping out his bottle, and his adroitness in the Masonic businoes, still we cannot help regarding thecon- ciusion of the affairas a very lame and miser- ablo one. Datoctive McKelvie failed to keep up the reputation for the strange and fantastic with which the novelists have endowed his profes- sion. i Aman named Georgo W. Scheide has been arrested in Washington for_stealing books from tho Congressional Library, in which ho had been given temporary employment upon tho solicita~ tion of certain Congressmen. At last thereis an opportunity for the administration of justice in Washington. Now, let this wretch,who has been guilty of carrying off tho reports of the Patent- Offico and Agricultural Bureau and other valua- ble literary works, be punished with tho ex- tremo soverity of tho law. _ There has long been noed of an example which should stop the steal~ ing at tho National Capital. How can a confiding public expect members_of Congress to preserve their bonesty, if suchmen asScheide are allowed to contaminato them? How can Oskes Ames avoid catching the kloptomania, if such men as Scheido ere allowed to run at larga? - Of course, the stuff he stolo is of no valuo, but this must not be ‘urged a8 an excuso. ' Every protoction ghould be afforded Congressmen and other Gov- erament officials in their efforts to lead honest and virtuous lives, and.Conjress cannot be safe while Scheide is at large. If Scheide shall es- capo punishinent for stoaling his wheelbar- row load of trash out of the Congressional Li- ‘brary, the first thing wo know Congréssmen may bo taking railroad bribes; Federal Judges running inleague with Wall streat brokers, ever Cabinet ‘ministers joining in Ring corruptions. There ia Littlo hopo that stealing can be stopped in Wash- ington it Bcheide is allowed to escapo scot froo. Therefors, lot the poor:devil go to the Peniten- tiary, and hereafter it may become discreditable for Congressmen—who have stolon thousands whers he has taken s penny—to become corrupt. Tt is possible that Scheido, -considering his pay too small, voted himselt an increase, including 500 volumes of public books as back pay. For this there is & grand precedent. All Scheido has to dois to donate the books to some public char- ity, ind then howill stand procisely where so many of the more _conscientious Congressmon stand, who robbod the Treasury undor the pre- toxt of back pay. Let Scheide insist that what heo took was back pay. The March number of the' *Monthly Notices of ‘the Royal Astromomical Society” (Groat Britain) contsisa catalogue of eighty-ono double stars, discovored With & 6-inch refracting tele- scope, by, Mr. S. W. Burnham, of this city ; the rosult of soveral months of labor in scanning the Bk;“' particularly worthy “of notice that this important contribution to ecicutific knowledge has not been made bythe aid of the 183¢-inch equatoril telescope nowrusting in tho Dearborn Obsoryatory. That magnificent instrnment, the best on this continent, ard having only two su- - periors in the kmown world, is unused and prac- tically - unusable. The domo that protects it from tho rain is also sn efficient protector from obsarvation, as it cannot be operated 50 s to al- Jow the telescope to_bo ‘pointed upon- a desired star ;.. and thero has not been s dollarin.the troasury of the Astronomical Bocmty since the fire. Itis 'u:nply & disgrace to the city that the Dearborn telescope should remain in. ng present condlition. L The Bapreme Court of the United States, in thie recent case of Olcntt vs. Fond dn L County, Wis., have asserted, aa boyond all controversy or quostion, that all railroads are public highways, ‘having no existence save as such. It:declares that, “No matter who is the agent, thofunction porformed is that .of the Biste. Though the ownership is private, tho-tise is public.” The' Court says that, because “all perdons may, not put their own cars upon the road, and use their own motivo power, has no bearig upon the question whother the road is & public highway. Tt bears only upon the mode of use, of which the ZLegislature is exclusive judge.”. This decision, though not in terms, implies that the railronds, being public highways, and the corporations ex- ercising only fanctions pertaining to the State, the Logislaturo of sny State is the exclusive judge 8s to the mode in which railrosds msy be used, and can, when it please, ~esumeo- for the State the operation of the road. A correspondent of the I.ehvenwox-th Times, griting from Fort Sill in the Indien Tersitory, givesthe details of seventeen massacres perpe- {aated during the. past two yearsand a half’by the Kiowsy Indians. The facts are taken from the records in the office of the Adjnmz.agn,m of Texas, commencing with the abduction and ‘horrible torture of Mrs, Fields, in 1870, and clos- ing.with the recent murder of surveyors.near Oimmaron River, by Cheyennes snd’ Kioways. The Kinways are the Indians who have recently signed & petition, drawn up by the Quakers, ex- prossing their grief over the imprisonment of the two relentloss flonds, Satanta and Big Tree, and nkmg for their 1elesse. . Lord John Russell, who is now in’ his 81sf year, and who for somo time has not out a very prominent figrire in politics, has recently written 8 work which avill bo calenlated to bring him by fore tho world again. Tho work is ontitled, “History of the Christian Religion in the West of Earopo,” and is in reality s furious’ onslaught upon Roman Catholicism,—his special aversions being Popery, porsonal government, Mr. Lows, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, Cardinal® Cul- len, and the Byllabus. Bome idea of the charac- ter of tho book may bo inforred from ‘the fact that ho says the Syllabus -teaches Irish youths treason in a covort form; that the Board of Edu- cation in Tréland has disobeyed the precopts of Christ and violated the spirit of Mngm Charta; that Cardinal Cullen has proclaimed the jnnl- diction of the Pope over the Queen’s Govern- ment in Iroland; and that the laws of Henry VIIL and William ITT. (long ago abandoned and repealed) must be maintained or the Kingdom of Treland be tranaferred to the Pope. Ymmigration and Lands. Mr. Julius Bilversmith, editor of soveral Amori- can guide-books, has recently issned s book de- scriptive of the public lands of the United Btates, as well those bolonging to the Govern- ‘ment as those belonging to the various railroads . The work is especially valusble to immigrants, of whom the present year will probably bring half & million to our shores. The number arriv- ing in 1872 was 292,417, of whom 128,000 were Germans. These people are to find homes upon tho present unoccupied lands of the country. Naturally, they will seck their homes in the West, and in their journey will have, for the most part, to pass through Chicago. These people are to bocome producers and consumers in that grand area of tho continent of which Chi- c2go is tobo tho groat distributing centre. Tho 1ands now offered to these peoplo aro in Illinois, Tows, Nebraska, Missouri, Kansas, California, Orogon, Washington, Montana, Idaho, Dakots, Wyoming, Now Mexico, and the Indian Terri- tory. Among the railroad Iands offered to set~ tlers are mentioned the following : 50,000,000 acres on the Northern Pacific Rail- road, beginning at Duluth, in Minncsota, and extending to Pugot Sound, in Washington Terri- tory. 12,000,000 ncres of the Union Pacific Railroad Company, beginning at Omaha, Nebrasks; ex- tending throngh Wyoming Territory to Corinne, Utah Territory. 11,250,000 acres of the Central Pacific Railroad Comptny, beginning at Corinne, Utah Tertitory, oxtending through Utah, Novads, and Califor- nia. 8,200,000 acres of the Atchison, Topeks & Santa Fo Railroad Company, beginning on tho Missouri River at Atchuson, extending throngh Kansas, Colorado, and Now Mexico Tarritory. 1,200,000 acres-of the Burlington & Missouri Railroad Company, extending from Jowa to Ne- ‘braska. 1,700,000 acres aro offered by the Iows Rail~ road Land Company, Consisting of Tows Rail- road lands, the Cedar Rapids & Missouri River Railrond Company, the Iowa Falls & Sioux City Railroad Company, the Sioux City & Pacific Railroed Company, aud the Fremont & Elkhoin, and Missouri Valley Railroad Company lands. 1,200,000 ncres of the Atlantic & Pacific Rail- roed Compary, extending from Missouri to the Indian Territory. 1,000,000 acres of the Missouri, Kanses & Tex- as Railroad Compaxy. 500,000 acres of tho Chicago, Bock Island & Pacific Railroad Company. - 860,000 acres of tho Illinois Central Rail- road, running through our Stato to Cairo and northwestward to Sioux City. 50,000,000 acres are offered by tho Board of Emigration of Nebraska of the State lands and alternate scctions of Government lands along the lino of the Union Pacific Railroad. 1,000,000 acres are offered by t.be lhchxgnn & Grand Rapids Railrosd. 700,000 acres are offered by tha Ceiro & Ful- ton Railroad Company, extending from Atkansas to Texas. B Miracles seom to bo on the increase. A dsy or two sinca wo recorded the alleged'miraculous cure of a Jaborer in Iows, by the use of Lourdes water, and now comes a fresh miracle from San Francisco. .Tho papers of that city relate that & young woman, engagod in tho.disbursing of charitios, was thrown into a trance on Good Fri- day, and, while in this condition, there sppeared upon her forehead and side, hands and feet, tho ‘wounds that Christ received upon the cross, and that, from these apparent wounds, there oozed palpable, real blood. Inasmuch as this effect Das been produced before, aad proved to bo trick, the San Francisco miracle will find few be- liovers. Tho Chronicle of that city, in narrating the story, says: “This same trick vas playad by the Lisbon nun, She had miraculous visions, Christ promised to visit her upon St. Thomss Acquinas Day. He did 8o, and impressed upon her Lands, side, and foet ail the ‘wounds of the crucifixion, Kings and Princes sought as plous relica the sacred rags that boro tho bloody impross of the cross. Philip 1L caused ber to bless tho royal standard of the Armads. The Inguisition exemined into and indorsed the validity of the miracto, Pope Gregory XII1, sent the pious nun a godly letter. Subsequently the ambitions maiden attacked tho of Philip IL.to the crown of Portugl, e beryat It was Hecesaary Tor hia Boyal Highises 1o either discredit the nun or yleld the throne. The .authotities of the Inquisition.re-cxamined the wounda of the miracle-working nun, and found them to bo not even skin deep, but made with red lead. The Bish Archbishops, and Apostolical Inqusitors condemn Bex to its penattics for her fraud: There is one thing very certain inthe premises. The young Iady is either a%6aint or a sham, and 25 livo sints ara very raro mowadsys, it would ‘be as well to investigate and see if she is not a sham. A farious struggle 18 now raging in Cincinnati over the prico of beer and whisky. The Commer- &ialis lnboring zealously for cheaper beer,.and the Enguirer for cheaper whisky. At Iast ac- counts, there was a. prospect that both results might be achieved, which will be & comfortablo arrangement if it can be effected before the- Mausical Festival commences. ~ If Cincinnat wants todo tho handsome thing by her thou- sands of guests next weck, let her furnish thom with two beers for 5 cents, and the usual accom- paniments of Gomuetlichkeit, instead of one, as nOW, — An aged negro, named Henry Edwnxds, was hanged ot Hernando, Miss., April 24, for the murder of cnother negro, named Frederick ‘Shaw. The death penalty was enforced. by a nogro Sheriff, in the presence of 2,500 negroes of both sexes. The murderer, in addition'to the crime for which he was executed, had tried to kill & achool-mate, shot a soldier, stabbed » man, out & policeman, had four wives living, ond had been in five jails and- two-penitentiaries. Al~ together, ho was ono of the blackest wretches on record. e Ll il e S M. Buffet, thonew President of the French Assembly, is represented to have.been originally » lnte-maker, and some of the biographical dic-- tionaries speak of him as the son. of one of. Napoleon's officers. Ho has slways been s ‘moderato man and an optimist, and- & faithfal servant of every Government France has over geen. In 1848 it wassaidofhim: *The Redp sccuso him of being White ; the Whites, of be- ing Bed; tho Centres eay, what does it matter, 80 long as the buffet (side-board) is well filled.” —_— A conflict for precedence has arisen between | the two Angtralian Capitals, Sydney and Mel- bourne. The lattor hes recently gained a con- siderable advantage by securing tho landing’of the mails, which Bydney hes ‘offset by making tself the base of supplies of coal for ocean- “going stcamers. In race for procedence, Bydney bas the advantage of being the largest city in Australia. FRENCH TRAITS.~Il. ¢ FROP. Wz MATHEWS, OF , THE' UNIVER- 'SITY OF CHICAGO. This mxxety about sppearances, this fondness - for display, has marked the French character in all ages. *In this country,” wrofe Laurence Bterne, st the close of the_ eighteenth century, #fiothing must bn_aplmdforthobnk and if you dine on an’ onion, and live in a garrct seven stories: high, you ‘must not betray it in your clothes.” ¢ Here,” continues another- traveler in France, “things aro ostimated by their air; o watch msy be & masterpicca without exact- ness, and-a woman .ruic the whole town without beauty, if they have an air. Her life's & dance,” and -awkwardness of step its greatost disgraco.” This ‘vanity of the French causes them to boast even of those things which would cause an American or. English- man to hang down his head with shame. For example, an Englishman chanced to be in ‘the Elysian Fields at a grand reviow of the Prussian and English soldiers who occupied Paris in 1815. From a fesling of delicacy he shunined all allu- sion to an event which ‘he fancied must be & sourco of deep humilistion to Franco. Zui & Parisian came up to him, and said jsuntily: “ Look hers, sir] What a magnificent speotacla! 1P only in Paris that you see such sighls!” The moral gulf that separates the Frenchman and the Englishman is illustrated by mothing more vividly than by the differont motives ad- dressed by Napoleon and Nelson to their ro- spectivo followers. ‘‘Soldiers!” exclaimed tho former, “ forty centuries are looking down upon you from the summits of those Pyramida!"— “England,” telegraphed the latter to his fleet, * gxpects every man to do his duty.” The fact that the word * glory™ perpetually occurs in Bonaparte's despatches, whilo in Wellington's, which fill twelve enormous volumes, it nover once occurs, but * duty” is invariably named as the motive for every action, is also intensely sig- nificant regarding fhe characters of the two peo~ ples. @lory,—that word forever on & French- man's lips,—has been in all ages tho will-'o-the- wisp which --has led Franco astray; golden calf befors which, as Btranss lately ‘rominded Renan, she has dancod for conturies ; the Fata Morgans which has allured her again and sgain from the prosperous fields of Iabor into the desert, often to the vuy brink of an abyes. It is this ‘““staginess”—this un- trath—this lack of loyalty to nature—that pro- vokes the dissatisfaction wo feel in the Ilast analysis of French character. We find that the qualities which dazzled us are & sham. The ‘promise of, beauty held out by external taste 18 not fulfilled; the fascination of manner—the courtesios, bows, and smiles—bear, as another has £aid, & vastly undue proportion to the sub- stantial kindness and trust which that immediato charm suggests. The gruffness of an English- man; when a stranger sddresses him, does any- thing but awaken expectation of courtesy or en- tertainment; yet, if he consents to entertain you, with what & princely hospitality does ho Welcome you to. his home! and, it he calls -you {friend, how does he grap- ple you to his heart with hooks of steell On ‘the other hand, the profusion of courtesies with which a Frenchraan groots & womsn &3- che- en- ters a public conveyance is not followed by the offer of his seat ; while the roughest backwoods- man in America, who never touched his hat or crooked his body to a stranger, will guard the poorest women from insult, and incommode him- Belf with respectful alacrity to promote her com- fort. So generally is the lack of simplicity rec- ognized 8s an essential element in the French character, that when we wish to express the op- posite of natural tastes, we can find no word ‘more significant than “TFrenchified.” Themor- bid self-conscionsness which' charaetorizes .the French, which runs through their oratory, their conversetion, and their manners, ,-is fatal to tho highost excellence, intellectual or moral, Simplicity and earnestness—self-forgetfulness and abandonment—tho sbility, as Coleridgo terms it, “to lose self in an ides dearer than self;"—is the condition of all greatness. Itis this which has distinguished pre-eminently the horoes and mertyrs of évery age ; all who have bled or died to maintain a principle ; all who havo electrified us by their oratory, or charmed us by their numbers ; all who by deed or word have won & lasting place in the affections or ‘memories of mankind. Another pecaliarity of the Franchman is, that he is not self-centred and gelf-conlainod ; that, more than other men, he is dependent for hap- piness upon things without himself. The famous song of Sir Walter Raleigh, My mind tome s kingdom is,” wo may be suro that no Frenchman could ever have written. Itis cer- tain that the sentiment, *Never less alone than when alone,” csme not from the pen of s pativo of France. While thd ‘Englishman ghrinks like .thé turtle within his shell, the Frenchman is gregarious; thé former {s hap- piest whon ho shuts his door on the world, and hugs his fireside ; the latter, when mingling with Lhis fellows, in the crowded theatre or the noisy street. A lifo spent in diecharging the plain,, homely daties of his calling, with no altarna- tions but domestio joys and recreations,—with 1o factitions excitements or public diversions,— would be to him the ideal of tameness and in- sipidity. Give an Englishman a home, and he can oamly forego society. Even the solitude of the wilderness has no terrors for him, and he is happy on the very borders of ciyilization. The French, on the other hand, have failed almost utterly as colonizers because of their intense social instincts,—the secret, no doubt, of their exquisite courtesy of manner,—and because they can never forget that they are Frenchmon. A French writer has justly observed that in America the individual . sbsorbs society; in France, socioty absorbs tho individual. It isnot & mesningless fact that the Fronch langusge ‘bas no such words as comfort and home. -Henco it is that in Paris tho triumph of material nice- ties reachea its acme—that, for superficial amusements, that city has grown to be the capital of the world. Paris is the theatre of the nations; s vast museum; & pleco of amuse- ‘ment, not of work; an Elysium, to which all the world’s idlers and friflers—all who are ‘plethoric with' Wealth which thsy are puz- zled to spend—all who ‘are dying of enuui, and meeking for mew devices. to kill time— naturally flock. Hero are the appliances, mul- tiplied and diversified with tho keencst refine- ‘merit of sensual ingenuity, for keeping the mind busy without labor, and fascinated without sen- sibility. The senses of tho Parisian aro every- whero captivated with piquant baits ; as Le steps into tho world, he finds o Life all propared for their urns.” The first fact that impresses every _student of .French. literature'is the tamarkable clearness of the writors—their superiority ta all their European rivals in porspicuity and _precision.. It i3 s remarksble fact that in the age of our great wiiters, when our. litoraturo was .unrivalled in the gorgeous opulence of its rhetoric, the English language was nover once made the ob- Jact of conacious attention. No men scems evar to have reflected that there was a wrong and & right'in tho choico of.words ‘or. phmaes,mtha mechanism of sentencoes, or even in the gram- mar. Men wroto eloquently because they wrota foelingly; they wrote idiomatically because they wrote naturally and withont affectation; but if a falso or scephialons structure of sentence— it & barbarous word or & foreign idiom—chaneed to present itself, no writer o! tho seventeenth century was s:mpulunu enongh to correct it. The French writers, on tho other hand, carly saw the suprome importance of artistic expres- sion, and gave, more attention to the cul- tivation of their langusge—to the study of its idiomatic niceties and’ dclicacies—than any other people. Partly becatiso the French mind has a keenor perception than the English of the Greel-like . simplicity and 'dircctness which belong to the highest artistic beauty; partly bacauso the Fronch have more conscionca in intellectual matters; and partly because the Frénch Academy acted as a literary police for the suppression of verbal license, Franco, more than two centuries ago, took the lead in literary workmanship, and that supremacy sho still maintains, While the great writers of England waro still pouring forth their thoughts with in- artistic skill, or were rising to perfect besuty of statement on!y when possessed with that white- heat of passion which gives to rhotoric an ar- rowy diroctness and & rhythmical flow, France had already achieved a classic propriety of style, and to-day she teaches rhetoric to Enpgland with as much anthority 08’ Greece tanght it to Rome. What English author of the sixtoenth or s eventeenth centuries rivals in style tho exquisite'beauty of Pascal? Whoin the eighteenth exhibits such & command of all the luxuries and delcacies of ex- pression—suck: & marriago of rhythmical music him, and selects it as ho does his dinner, from the long carte of the restaurante.. Where but | in Franco would s grave jurist vrite a learned work on the Physiology of Taats, and announco that *The discovery of anew dish does moro for human heppiness than® the discovery of o now star;” or a.great statesman complain of the English people that they have 150 forms of re- ligion and but .one ssuce, namely, meited batter? . It -is o significant fact that Pacis has scarcely .any other employments for ite 2,000,000 of inhabitants than just those which are the firat to fail in the hour of adversify. Iis ‘faubourgs are occupied by manufacturers, not of articles that men must have, but of bronzes, or- molu, marqueterie, buhl-work-furniture, mir- rors, china, clocks, table-ornaments, marbles, and all that contributes to mere appearance and enjoyment. Youwill find in the city about an _equel number of celebrated dancing-masters and celebrated teachers of mathematics; and the .municipality pays- one-third. more (qx xta lezx thah it does forits religion. Bub it is in the literaturo of & people that, more faithrally than in_anything ples, is mir- rored the national character ; and truo ss thisis of every civilized nation, it is especially true of tho French. The leading intellocts of France have been ulwavu, not only the authors, but also the exponentsof the thonghts snd feelings of tho people; and nowhere has a mors perfect allegiatice bpen rendered to thoss intelléctial kings wle® =7 yern by the divine right of wit and genius, ( ¢ who, when dead, still ‘‘ruleus from with logical accuracy of ‘thought as Paul Louis Counrier ?—and where in the nineteenth shall wa find another style go artistic as that of Renan or George Sand; so dclicate, brilliant, equable, and strong as that of Sainie-Beuve? 1t is o singular fact that the oft-quoted eaying, *Lan e was given to man to conceal his thought,” should have come from a Frenchman —the?man who, of all ‘men onths face of the earth, wears his heart on his sleevo, and no sooner has a thought or emotion thian he is in an agony to communicate it. Of all the fanlts of style, there is none for which a_Frenchman has so profound a horror as for obscurity. Tako all of the Gellic writers from Montaigne to Lamartine, and search through thie works of each from title-page to finis, and you will hunt 88 vainly for an obscure passage, as in' a German suthor for & clear ono. " Dip where you will into ‘Pascal, Descartzs, Bossuet, Roussean, or Taine, you will ind every senterice written s witha | sunbeam. Nothing can be moro even than the - flow, nothing more logical than the structure, of the periods; the limpid clearness of the pebblod brook runs through them all; while, on the other hand, Taylor, Hooker, and Milton abound with ellipscs, parentheses, and iovoldtions, and your great Germsn thinker—ospecially, if a ‘motaphysician—treats' & sentonco as ‘& sort of, carpet-bag into which to cram all tho ideas it ean bemado tohold As with the giants of French literature, 80 with the dwarfs; ehallow these may be, but foggy and incomprehen- sible, never. Even one of tho most distingnished English critics admits that in the compotition of the litorary chiefs of Europe, the palm of sue ‘periority must be given to the writers, not of his own country, but of France. * “Darkéned,” he ‘8ays, ““asthe literary langusgo of France has often been by the fumes of undigested metsphy- eics, there is no author, and scarcely any reader there, who would not stand aghsst at the intro- duction into his native tongue of tha_inorganio Iangusge which even Samuel Taylor*Coleridgs himself tambled ont in somo of his more elabo~ rate speculations, and with which the, imitators of that great man are at this day distorting and Germanizing the speech of our progenitors.” — e o Bome French fortune-tellers hova recently been arrested at Nantes, whoso prescriptions for the securing of certain results are quite &8 unique a8 the bonillon compounded in the caunl- dron of Macheth's witches. One set"of dupes took rat-broth, mixed with twenty-five centi- of camphor and twenty-threo centi- Frummes ot essence of doves and snother sought to secure fortune by doses of. elixir of toads and powdered rhubarb, equal parts. Some of the proscriptions were hygienic in charscter, as where one ‘party was ordered:to scour the face with salt and water, take s groat quan- tity of soap, and eat raw-meat fornine days; and another, to wash the head with rum, and faco and loins with salt wajer, the ears with sour wine, wear s flannel belt, and carry ealt in the Teft pockot. - Absurd as itmay seom, the fortune- tellers found an’ abundance of vigtims,” {who were ready to bolt down these nsuseating decoctions, with the expectation of realizing fortunes and future happiness, and who 'still pmmd their faith to the fortune-tellers even after they wero arrested. The authorities, however, took & dif- feront view of the case, and sent them to prison for six months, where they can speculate on far- ther additions to their uxhsoxd.muy pharma- ‘copemis. E The New York Herald edvocates fllu fse of cal- cium lights as an suxiliary in the work of do- stroying the Modocs. Its fheory is, that, by the use of this powerfal light at night, our own troops would bo in darlmess, while every move- ment. of the Modocs “could Lo seen if they attempted to get out or to go to the Iake for water, -and that our. troops therefora would be -perfectly eecure by night, and could msks' thelr’ advances into - theLava Bed by daylight. As the recont advance, which resulted in the death of so many officers and privates, was made by daylight, it is diffcalt to sce what particular advantage there is in that styleof operation. Every encountor with the “Modocs thus far has happenad in the daytimes and m every one our troops have eithor been severely worsted or havo gained no apparent ad- ~vantage. . This rather novel proposition throws nonew light on tho situation. i ‘While members of Congress in all parts of the country have beon disposing of - the proceeds of the ealary grab, some by refunding it to the Treasury, others, by distribution among the various counties of their districts, and others in public charity, nothing has boen heard from the member from Chicago. It is true-that Mr. Far- well alone represented, during the laat two years, & district which will hereafter require flireo Bep- resontativos, and, therefore, might feel himself entitled to extra compensation ; but it is re :lmt if he does not_return it to the Treasury of United States: ho will devote the extra psy. mo public service, probably tho it mbnry A e o Disinterestod persons in_this city Who have mmensed the xecunt uarrel between Tue O~ cago TRIBUNE o Northwestern Ad are hagmnmg to fl:mk that tho Methodist orgad is either ignorant of the facts in the case, or 18- fair'in its treatment of them. Ihm about time the public should know that the 4 em- ploys a member of the Zimes' stafl todoa large .« part of its editorial work. In view of this ciroumstance, tne _violent sitack made upon Tug Tamowg, in tho name of Metl iem (for the Advocale is the ol‘fimflsp-:g:; of the Methodist Church), is_not tobe ea at all candid m-h;nqmm:].,l Tho Times, 12 everyl ows, is incomparably le: aper, ‘and lesa the exponent of morality, filflfl': TaisoNE ; and, until the Advocaie ““Lho to distribute its’ censure upon both e iblic will do well to take ita® latest diatribe e ust what this exghnmon ‘may show it t0_ ;ofirl‘:‘n “We-should ke &Bkm:;ofihoufi community whether they ard © indorso the Times, na tho Adsocate tacitly doss- Interior. /\\ & N