Chicago Daily Tribune Newspaper, March 2, 1873, Page 5

B e s g Y et e 3. - whi * nd of such qualities 'in its tissues s to be enduring, e sgility, Q1 . will deoy thst perpe . latio; “zurin ihis belief. {feeling that wa by & - cesafed d.cahi?;vdg ¥iciaa when farther fgbting Iy uscless, THE CHICAGO DAILY TRIBUNE: SUNDAY, MARCH 2, 1873. 5 PERIODICAL LITERATURE. o Popular Scicnco Monthly, Harper’s Hagazine, and ho Aldine, for March. . Educational Bias---The Equal- ity of the Sexes. Fleotricity and Life--Government Telegraphy~-Newspapers and Editors, The River Elbe.-Constitutional Limita. tions--Education at Home and Abroad._ THE POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY. Whittier dedicates his * Miriam" to President ‘Barnard, of Columbia Colloge,—ono of the most exsct and most profound scientific thinkers of the dsy,—in tho following besutiful lines, to which the editor of the Popular Science Monthly seeks to give a wider circulation than they have received : TO FREDERICK A. P. BDARNARD. The sears are mauy &nce, iz outh aad hops, Tnder the Charter Oxk, ofr Boroscopo. W drew thick-studded with allfavoring stare. Now, with gray beards, and faces eamed with scara From lifo's hard bettle, meoting once again, o smile, Ealf sacly, over drcatns 50 vaing Enowicg, at last, that it fa not in man Who welleth to dircct his steps, or plan Tlia permsnent honee of life. Alike we loved Tho Muscs’ haunts, and all gur fanclos moved o mezsures of old Song. How, since that day, Qur feet havo parted from the path that lay Sofar before s | Rich, from life-long search Of truth, within thy academic porch Thow'sittest 0w, 10rd of & realm of fact, Thy servitors the sciences exact ; Btill Ustening, with thy hand on Nature's keys, To hear the Ssmian's rpheral Lurmonies And rhythm of lsw, 1, called from dream 2nd song, Thenk G2 1 80 early th sirife s0 long Tkat, ero i closed, the biack, tbundant hair Of Bdshood rested eilver-sown and 0Oa menhood's temples, now at sunset chime Tread with fond fcot the path of marning-time, And if perchance too late I linger where The flowers have cessed o blow, end trees are bare, Thou, wizer in thy choice, wilt scarcely bizme The friend who shields hié folly with thy name, Axzspony, Mass,, Tenth Yonth, 1870. ‘Herbert Epencer, in his chapter on TEE EDUCATIONAL BIAS, spesks of the opposite eocial creeds-of amity sad enmity which influence the action of man- kind. ** From the books of theJewish New Testa- ment we take our religion of amity. Greek and Latin epica and histories servo s gospels. for our religion of enmity. In the education of our youth we devote s small portion of timo to the one, and a large portion of time to the other. And, os thoughto make the compromise effec— tusl, these two cults 2o carried on iz the exme places by the same feachers. At our publio €chools, as aleo at many other schocls, the same men are priests of both religione. The nobility of melf-sacrifice, set forth in Seripture- fessons and dwelt on in- sermons, is taade conspicuons every seventh day; while, doring the other eix days, the nobil Ity of sacrificing others is exhibited in glowing words.- The sacred duty of blood-revenge, which, as existing savages show us, constitutes the religion of enmity in its primitive form,— which, 5 shown us in ancient literature, is en- forcod by divine sanction, or rather by divine command, as woll as by the opinion of men,—is the duty which, during the six days, is deeply stamped on natures quito ready to receive.it ; snd then something is done toward obliterating the stamp, when, on the seventh dsy, vengeance is interdicted.” Y, These thoughts lead him to the subject of the military epirit, the love of war, end the admi- ration of courage, all of which mark our civiliza- tion, or went of civilization : ; ‘Worthy devil,” which, ighting to tho last gusp, snarls with. 1ts dsing breath. _Admirsble, too, though less admir- eble, ia our own bull-dog,—a creature said sometimes toTétain its bold cven when a limb s cut off, To bo edmired also for their “ pluck,” perhaps neatly in 83 great » degree, are some of {he carnivora, us the lon &nd the tiger; ince, when drivento bay, they fight against great odds, ' Nor should we forget the game- cock, supplying, as it does, 3 word of culogy fo_ the crowd who witness the hanging of a murderer, and who half condone his crime if ho “ dies game.” B:low these cnimals come mankind; some of whom, indeed, a8 the ‘ American Indiaps, bear tortures with- out groaning.. And then, considerably lower, must be placed civilized map, Who, fighting Up to a cortaln t, ond " bearing considerable injury, ordinarily Is the reader st by this classification? Why should he be? It is but & literal application of {hat standzrd of worth facitly assumed by most, and by some delilerately avowed. Obviously it {s the standard of worth believed in by DL Gumbetta, who, after bloodshed carzied o the extent ef prostrating France, letely Teprouched tho French Assembly by saving, #Yon preferred pesce tohonor; you gave five milliards 1nd two provinces,” And. there are not a few zmong oureelves who 80 thoroughly sgreq in M. Gambetta's feeling flat this ntterance of his has gone far tore- deemn bimm fn thelr estimation. - 1 theseader noeds en- couragement to side with such, pleaty more may be found for bim. The Staffordshira collier, enjoying the Bighting of dogs when the fighting of men is not to be witnessed, would doubtless tako the Eame view, In the elums of Whitechopel and St. Giles', among leaders of “the fancy,” it is an unhesitnting belief that pluck 2nd cnduranca are the higheut of sttribtes; and prob- sbly most readers of Bell's Lifc in London would con- et i By And antire i sympathy to support bim, he may entire races ready to give it ; especially that noble Taco of cauni- bals, the Feefeeans, among whom bravery is 50 highly bonbred that, on their return from battle, the triumph- 2nt wariors are met by the women, Who place . them- selves at thelr unrestricted disposal. o that whoéver inclines to adopt this measure of superiority will find many to sids with him,~that is, i o likes his com- peny. & ‘Serjously, 1ait not smazing that civilized men shonld esy de themsetves on o quality in_which they aro exceeded by inferior varictics of their own ra 24 still more exceeded by inferior animals 7 - Instes of g & man as munly in Proportion as ho pos- ‘regardin, ‘man] sesses moral attributea distinctively human, we B as maniy in proportion as hg shows & atiribute ssessod izl greater degrezs by beings from whom we rive onr words of contempt, It was Istely romarked by Mr. Greg that we tako our point of honor from the rize-Ting ; but wo do worse,—we take our point of mor {rom beasie, Nay, wo take it from s besst {n- ferior to those woare familiar with ; for the Tas- manian devil,” in etructuro and inzelligence, stands on » much -lower level of bratality then our lons and gs. That resistance to aggression is to be applauded, and that the courage implicd by resistance is to be valued snd sdmired, may befully admitted while denying that courage is to'be regarded a8 the suprome virtue, A largo endowment of it 18 casential tos completo na~ ture; but €0 are large endowmenis of other things wo do_mot therefors make our messures of worth, A good body, well grown, well proportioned, shonld bring, as it does bring, its share of admiration. Admirable, 100, in their ways, aro good stomach and lungs, as well as a vigorous vascular system; for with- out thesa the power of self-preservation and the power of preserving others will fall short. To be a fine is, indeed, eszential to many kinds of achiovement ; and coursge, which is a general index of 80 organization capeblo’ of saf g the requirements, is rightly valued for what it implies, Courage is, in fact, a i ccumulated jences of suc- ificulties and dangers; snd these succeseful dealings are proof of competence in uickness, endurance, etc, Noone tnal fallures, resulting from in- capacity of one kind or other, produce 6 ment ; or that repeated triumphs, which ars proofs of capacity, 80 raise the courage that thers comea 8 readiness to encounter t iculties, The fact that s dose of brands, produces “Duteh conrage,” joined with the fact well known to medical men, that eart-disaase brings on timidity, is of itaclf enough to show that bravery is the natural correlative of suillty to cope with circimstances of peril. Bnt while we are thus taught that, in admiring e, We &r® Rde courage + miring physical éuperiorities and those superioritics of mental faculty which give fitness for dealing with * emergencics, we are lso taught that, unless we rank - h!x'ire‘n uf:' bodily powefl‘:gld m:-’- ‘powers which . diicetly conduce to self-preservation, thas cou urago Rt is the highest attribute, and that degree of 1t SR be our standard of hoor. That an ovor-cstimate of courage is appro- ‘priate to our phase of civilization, may bo very e, It is beyond doubt that, during the strug- ' gle for existence among nations, it is needful - that men should admire extremely the quality without which there can beno success in the ” struggle, * for their scars, While, among netghboring nations, we have cus in which all tho males are trained for war; while the Sentiment of this nation is such that sindents alash ono another’s faces fn duels about trifles, and are lly by womnen ; while the mill- tazy sscendanty it leratea is smch that, far L-usage dlers, ordinary citizens have no adequate re- dress ; while the government is such that, though_the monarch, es head of the Church, condemns ds 8 irzeliglous, and, as head of the Law, forbids it as & rime, yet, as head of the army, he insists on. it of highest admiration ia the # Tasmanfan boring nation thus characterized, somethin, dred ez {2 app] e ‘Hln. Bt 10 bo maluteingd smmse onaeine rand Tolielt :fil\zg neighboring nation igh £a the Iove ~f gl that gained by moccensiul ourselves, hen we find a:‘\l-mg l?;\t no motive is 10 goTy 60 great us Y by succensful War; when wo glcdfflry Epiiit €0 pervading this pation m};oll‘tcflo:;fl:: tho ita children in quasi-military costume; when w0 £ind one of its historians writing that the Freneh crmy is the grest civilizer, and one cf_its Generals mainly o teoth and -laws, and that it quickly zew sets of teetl aud claws du placo of thote’ paltea out; it i3 needful that we, too, should Leep our teeth 22 clawa in order, and elionld” maiptain Jdeas and celings sdapted to the effectual uee of thim, ia no goinsaying the trath that, while the instincts continue, prompling maions fo b one another, destructive sgencles saust be mct by ant niet destractive agencics ; ond, that this. iy be dose, E;::s‘r! nm‘);f glven ‘f‘ ‘:n mel who act as destructive , and there must be an exe, tima the atrbuten which male them entent. S of A.grent_ deal of etir has boen mads in intel- Iec_t\nl circles by a series of remarkably well® vitten letters, undor the titlo of “Liberty, Fraternity, and Equality.” They are addressed to John Sfuart Mill, and aro meant o combat most of the peculiar aud fundamental principles of his gocial philosophy. An extract from one of theso letters is made. Xt subject is ‘‘THE EQUALITY OF THE 6EXES.” Whether tho reader agree or disagres with the writer, the pungenicy and strength of his style and thought cannot be denied. - Alr. 'Mill's doctrino of equality he .considers unsound in overy respect. Ho thinks that it rests upon an unsound view of history, an unsound view of morals, and a grotesquely distosted view of facts, and bolicves that its practical application would be as injurious es iis theory is faleo. The theory mey be -shortly resiated in the following propozitions: 1. Justico requires that a1l peopls should live in society ns equals, 2. History shows that human progress has beon & progre:i from 5 “law of forco™ to a condition in wm'd:‘l command and obedience become cxcoptional. 8. Tho “law of the strongest” having, in_this and ome or two other countries, been *‘entirely -abandoned” in other T~ lations of life, it may be presumed not to apply to tho relations between the soxes. 4. The notorious facts s to the nature of thet relation ghow that in this particular caso the presumption is, in fact, well founded. The writer dissents from each of those propositions. We cannot pursue bim in his argument, but give & specimen of his manner : Ingenious people may arguo sbout spthing, snd e, NI docs Say 8 great SmOCE of Things Sbont ‘women which, 5a T have already observed, I will not diacuss ; butall the talk in tho world will Aever shake tho proposition that men are stronger than women in ree, greater cctual force, grestcr vigor of character.” ‘This general truth, which has been ob- served under all £orts of circumstances and in every 8gaand country, has alto in every ogo and country led 10 division of ‘Isbor botween men and women, the general outline of which 15 as femillar and asumyereal s tho general outline of the differences bo- tween them. Tless are the facts, and the question is, whether the law and public opinion _ought to recog- nize {his difference.’ How it ought to recognize it, ~what differenco it ought to moke between men 5534 vomen ss suct, ia quite another quostion. Tie point to consider {5, whether it ought fo treat themi ns equals, although, 5 1 have shown, theyare not equals, because men aro the stronger. I will take one o two illustrations, Aen, no ona deniee, may, and in_eomo cascs ought €0, bé liable to comphlsory tery eorvice, No.one, I suppose, would Desitate to sdmit tha, i wo wera ed in 8 great ‘war, it might become necessary, or that if necessary it would be right, to have a conscription both for the 1and and for tho sea servica. Ought men and women o bo subject to it indiscriminately? If any oneseys that they ought, T have no more to £ay, oxcept that he has got Into the reglon at which argument is useloss, But, if it is admitted that this ought not to be done, an dquality of treatment founded on a redical inequals ity botween the two scxes is admitted; end, if this admission i3 once made, whero are Sou to draw the line? Tumn from tho case of lability to military service fo that of edueation, which in Gers many {5 rightly regarded as the other great bhranch of Btata activity, and the same gwuun presents ftself fn another haps. Are boys and girls 1o be educated fn- crimivstely, and o bo instructed in tho suma things 7 Are boya to learn to sew, to keep house, and £0 cook, a8 girls ungestionably ought fo be; and are 1s 10 play at cricket, to row, snd be drlled like ys? 1 cannot argue With a person who says Yes, A person who &ass No admits an inequality botween the sexes on which oducation must be founded, and which it must therefore perpetuate, and perhaps {ncreaso. Follow the matter a step further, to the vital point of tho whole question,—-marriage. Alar- Tinge ia one of tho subjects with which it is ab- solutely necessary, both for law and morals, to deal in° some way or other. All thaé is consid- ered in reference to the present purpose is the question whether the laws and moral rales which relate to it should regard it a8 o contract between cquals, or s a Contract between o stronger and a weaker person, nvolving subor- dination for certain purposcs on the part of tha ‘weaker to the stronger. The writer 6ays = Alaw which proceeded on the former and not on the ltter of these views would be founded on s totally {olse sssnmptlen, und would involva cruel injustice lu 18 5058 'BINe gent expediency, especial to women, If tho parties 1o o eontract of marriage are treated as equals, it {s imposaibloto svoid the in- ference ihat marrisge, likc other partnershipe, may bo “Siohie s xotidtagly by oFsiaing tos painly. 3L are cxceedingly ehy of o nly, 1l says nothing about it in' his book on tho ¢ Jection of Womer,” though in one place he comes yery mear to saying s0; bub it is s closr Ar, ub- Drinciples ss any. sn inference from thing can possibly be, nor hea ho ever dis. avowed it, If this were the lnw, it would make women the elaves of their husbandz, A woman loses the to the ‘extent of expelling oflicers who will not Bght duels; while, I say, We bave a Delgh- qualitios which make her atirictivo to men much earlier {han men loso those which make them attrac- tive to women. Ths tie betwean o woman und young childzen s gonerally far closer thon {ho tia btween them and their father, A woman who i3 no longer oung, and who ja the mother of children, would thus absolately in her huaband’s power, in nlne cases ont of ten, if he might put an end to the fuarriage when ho pleased. This 18 ono inequality in the position of the cs which must be recognized and provided for eforchand ‘“the - contrzct s fo be for thelr common good. A sccond inequality is this: Yhen & man marries, is gen- erally becase Bo feels himself established in life, - Ho incurs, no doubt, & good deal of expense, but ho doea practically re. the possibility of ‘undertaliing any profession but one, and the pousibili- ty of carrying on that one profession in the socioty of any men but one; Here Is & socond inequality.. It Would be esey to mention Othorsof the deapeat i portance, but theee are enough toshow that to treat a Contract of marriage 53 & _contract between persons who ‘are upon an equality in rogard of strength and pawer o protect thelr interest 18 to trest it as being ‘what it notariously fs not, . 3 He does not contond that s man’ ought to Bave power to_order his wife nbout like 2 slive, and beat her.if she disobeys him. Such conduct, in thaeye of the law, would bo crueclty, and a g}nnnd Tor separation. The question of obe- ience arifes in quite another way. It may, and no doubt often docs, mriso between the very best and most affectionate married ‘people, and it need no more interfere with their mutual af- fection than the absolute power of the Ci&lnm of o ship need interfere with perfect friondship and confidence between himself and Lis . first lieutenant. - Tako the following sct of questionn: «Shall wo live on this pealo or that? Shall w sstociate with such and such persons? Shall I, the husband, embark in Buch an undertaking, and 'shall we change our place of Tesidence in order thatT may do €o7. Shall wo send our son to college? Sball wo send our daugh. tors Lo school or bave a governesa? For what pro. fesaion ehall we train our sons?” On these and a thonsand other such questions the wiscst and most affectionnte people might arrive st opposite conclu- slons, What 18 0 be done in Fuch a case? for something must bo done. I say the.wife ought to give way. She ought to obey her hushand, and carry outthe view at Which bo deliberately arrives, Just us, when the cao- tain gives the word 0 cut away the masts, tho lieu- fenant carries out his orders at once, though he may e a better neaman and may disapprove them. 1 also eay that, to regard this 58 3 ation, as & wrong, oras amovilin tself, 1y 4 mari nobofwpit and cous age, but a base, unworthy, mutinous disposition,—a eposition utterly subversive of all that is most worth havingin life, The tacit assumption tnvolved in it is that it 18 & degradation ever to give up onc's own Will fo tho will of another; and to mo this sppears the Toot ot all evil, th negation of that which readers any com- bined efforts possible. No csse can be specified in which people unite for & common object, from making asir Gl slocs up fo goveralng an empire, i3 wiich thie power to decide does not- rest’somewhero ; and what is this but command und obedience? Of course tho person who for the time being 15 in command is of a1l fools the greatest if ho deprives himself of the ad~ vantago of advice, if he 18 obstinato in his own opin- ion, if ho doos not hearas well a8 determine; bat it s alsg practically certain that his inclination {o hear will bo proportioned t tlie degres of mportanco which Lo Bhas led to attach to the function of determining. To sum the matter up, it appears Jaws and moral rules by which the relation between the sexes is regulated should proceed upon the princi- ple that thoir object is to provide far the common of two great divisions of mankind who are connected together by the closest and most durable of ail bonds, and who c&n no more have really cting interests than tho different members of the same body, bnt who aronot, and never can be, equsls in any of the differ ent forins of strength. : 4 In nn srticle taken from the Revue des Deuz JMondes, Fernand Papillon, writing of *¢ ELECTRICITY AND x.u-r1 . calls attention to some surprising facts showing the effect of tha electiva currents: i % The action of electricity influences the whole system of the nutritive operations, Onimus and Legzos found that sscending continuous currents quicken the two- fold movement of on and fon. Ani- mals clectrified under certain conditions throw off o greater proportion of urea and carbonic acid, proving a higher energy of the vitalfire. On the other hand, 1f young individusls, in growing dovelopment, are sub- Jected 10 the action of the current, they grow tall and large more quickly than in ordibary clrcumstances, furnishing the proof of an increass {n the guantity Fubstances assimilated. § Interrupted currents, or carrentaof induetion, can- tract the blood-vessels and alacken the circulationinal- most arery case; if thoy are futenso, they even effoct it complete chock by u strong contraction of tholittle arto. branches, Continnous currents do not act in this way susually they quicken tho circulation, While ooca sioning an enlargenent of the vescels ; at least, thia has beon established by Robin and Riffelshoim, in the ml- croscoptc examination of the flow of blood under elec. tirestimulas, Onimus and Legros afteward proved that these _moveinents zro_ goverced by the following Law: The descending current dilstes tho vessels, and” ho ascending current controcts them. A siriking experiment proves th valuo of this law: 4 Fart of the skull of vigorota dog Is removed, 20 a8 fo “expone the brain, Tno positive Lole of a pretty strong Dattery i then pisced on the expoted brain, and the Degative pole on thenack, The slender and superficial vessels of the brain contract vieibly, and the organ itscll ecems to collapse, Arranging the poles in tha contrary crder, the reverse s remarked ; the capillary ‘vesscls awell and distend, whilo tho substance of the brain protrude through the opening made in tho walla of the skull. This cxperiment proves the poeafbility of {pcrearing o Ioweniug at will tio intenely of clrcul- on in tho Lrain, a8 indeed any other organ, by mezus of clectric currerite. v Gt e 2. Papillon gives number of observations of these physiological phenomena, and then passes to tho subject of elsctric medical treatmont : Exporiment proves that, under certain conditions, {hio electric current contracts the vossels, and thu checks the flow of blood info tho orgats. Now, o great numbor of disorders are marked by too rapid & flow of blood, by what aro known as congeations, Some forma of delirfum and brain excitement, a8 also many hallucinations of the different senses, are thus marked, and these aro entirely cured by the application of tho efectric current to thehiead. No organ possesses s vascular eystemn 80 delicate and complex as thie brain's, nor {s thero any £ gensllivo to tho action of csuses that modify tho circulation. For this rezson, die- orders geated in {ho brain azo pocnliarly amenatilo to clectric treatment, and, when carcfully spplied, it is remedial in brain-Tovers, mental delirinm, hoadaches, =nd slecplessnees. Physiciaus who first employed tho current were quite aware of this benign influcace of the gaivanic fluid over broin-disorders, and even had the “idea of utilizirg it in the treatmentof in- sapity. Experiments in that direction have mot been’continued, but the facts published by Hiffel- sheim Justify the belief that they would not bo barren, Theso Tacts festify to the benefits that electric currenta (wo mean only continuous ones) may somodsy yicld in brain-discases—s point warth the attention of physi- cians for tho insane. Till lately it was thought that electriclty woa o powerful stimu‘ant only, but what is #rue of interrupted cirrenta fa not true s to currents from tho batters. Far from belng alwoys & stimulant, {he latter may bécome in_certain cases, 33 Hiffelshier] maintained, eedativo and calming sgent. This con- tzol over circulation, Jolned with the electrolytic power of the galvanic curfent, ellows its employment in the trestment of various kinds of congostions. In cases of paralysis, more than sny others, electricity displays all its hesling = power, Paralysis oocurs whenever the motor nervos aro sopatated from the nervous centres by any in- juring cause, or by any modification of texture impairing their sensitiveness, With & destroyed nerve, paralysis is incurable, but, in caso of “its diseaso only, its fanctions can almost always bo- restored by electrio irostment. As thero is always some degroe of muscular atrophy in the casc, olectricity s directed upon the nerves and tho muscle at onco, and the battery and tho in- duction current usually employed together. As a rulo, tho first modifies tho general nutrition and rostores nervous excitability, while the last stimulates tho contractile power of the musca- Iar fibres. Electricity is transformed into heat with great enso. If an intense current is possed through a very short metallic wire, it heats, roddens, and sometimos vaporizes it. This property has been taken advantage of by surgeons for the removal of various morbid excresconces : ‘They introduce a metallic blade atthe baseof the tumors or polypi to bo extirpated, and when this kind of electric knife becomes incandescent, under the in- fluence of the galvanic current, thoy giveit sucha movement that the diseased part s separated by cau- terization, as Deatly 2s wilh a cutting instrument. This method, which avoids effusion of blood, and is aifended by only slight pain, bus yielded excollent re- eults in tho hands of Matshall, Middeldarpt, Sedlliot, snd Amussat, Besldea thia spplication, {n which. heat plags tho chief part,. electiicity hza boen used to de- Btay tumors, by a Kind of chemital disorganization of thell tasue.’ Crusell, Ciudsell, and Nelaton have ‘mado aeclsivo cxperiments of (his nature. Petrequi, Broca, and otherw, suggest the same method to coagu- 1ate tho blood contafned In sacs, in aneurisms, If tois Bovel surgery 18 not eo widely known and used as it Gasarves tb Lo, tho reason is that the. manipulation of elecirio instruments Toquires much practice and dos- tasits, and surgeons fiad the classio use of the scalpel more convenient, In the ¢ Miscellany,” the London Telegraphic Journal ia cited to show that GOVERNMENT TELEGRATHY dosa oty ovem in Tngluad, do- ihe good work that Las been claimod for if. ; The end sought by the Government In ase conttol of the tEgagls tatcseare of the countre was Ly cheapening the rates and extending the Liies, 10 bring Boadviaiagesl (ho system, it tne rehen of o larger numl of peopie, ex] g therel just e s D eaine o i income for {he inaintennte of ihe lines by the increseed Titen would secure. - A% B & Iarge tncreaso of Lusiness has resulted; but this Sory increase promises o defoat, the chief advantaga hich the telegrapih is designcd to ATord, viz., speed of commuatcation, “Specd,” ey8 the Journal 18 the very e=sential of the telegrams; it is its raison eire; Sherefore, there 48 1o good In reducing the eliarge for thia convenicnce, if tho convenience jiself Sanishos, It bocomee, in fact, much moro espen- oW ary e s iy ot 6 Melepnais Frlicn o penny etamp, or evea aLalt:peany casd, woutd Rave rulficed: Ia former days o telograi was an out- Lay, certanly, but we paid much fof & spesd that we obtatned. Many would atill pay as much for the sse advantage, but And they Toy & reduction for o ghost of i, Tho writer dovs vt dispair of a remedy for Btato of tinge, but saya that the Fotcence of tho authorities concerning tho details of their management prosents the nuggestion of Auy mesus of Tellef. The Taas 5ds one more to tho siready long lat of examplea o tho Goveramcat Flaga tho partof ea absiruce ve. HARPER'S MAGAZINE. Frederic Hudson's work on ““Journalism in tho United States™ gives O. S. Conant tho ma- terials for a paper on_ NEWSPAPENS AND EDITOES. g Authorities have differed widely as to the na- tion: and city entitled to tho honor of having started the first printed newspaper: For many years it was supposed that the credit be- longed to England, - It was claimed that the British Museum had a copy of the earliest paper inita collec~ tion. . It was called the English Mercu: and printed July 23, 1588; but it has been shown that this copy, like specimens of rars old coins, was spurious, an tten up for sale, Watts, the bibliogrupher of the usenm, Who 8w, on_cxamination, that the typo mnd -paper were of modern origin, and did not belong: to the sixtcenth century, ex- the forgery. It was an ingenoms fabrication, pretending to give the news of the Span- ish Armac which was destroyed in the English Chnnoel by Drake and Howard & day or two previons totho date of the sheet, Thero were seven numbers of {lda spurious Mercuris produced—four in manu- script, and three in print.. Venice has also.claimed the honor of leading the way in giving newspapers to the world, The Gazzetta, thus named because it sold for a emall piece of mmoney called gazzetta, it 1 _asserted, was printed there in 1570, and llhfieundld that copies of this {:flflu( that datearein oneor two collections in don. But late discoveries havo apparcatly established the chim of the old Gorman city of Nuremberg to this high honor. A paper called the Gazette, Bccording to trustworthy anthorities, was printed fn that city a8 early as 1437, @vo years saftér Peter ‘Schoffer cast ‘the first metal type in matrices. | Nuremberg, with the first paper in the Sfteenth con- tury, also claims tho honor of the Arst paper in the six- teonth centars. Thers is an anciently-printed sheot in tho Libri collection which antedates all others except the shoot of 1457 und the Chronicle of Cologne. It called tho Neue Zeitung aus Hispanien und Itciien, and Dears the dato of February, 1534, The British Aa- Gewn, it is gaid, hus a duplicito of this sheot. Thus to Gernisny belonga the honor not only of the first printers and the first printing, vutalso of the first printed newspoper. 1t hes also another claim to dis- tinction. In 1015, Egenolf Earmel started Die Frank- furter O nits Zeitung, the frst daily the worid. This journal i8' etill published ; and the City of Frankfort is to erect o monument in honor of 1ts founder and editor 58 the father of newspapers. Tho story of the first American nowspaper, brief a8 was itelife, is full of curious intorest. Beventy yoars after the lending of the Pilgrims on Plymouth Rock, and 250 years after the in- vention of printing, & newspaper was issued in Boston : “ b 1t lived one day, and only one copy is known to have been preserved. ”Fhat copy wa discovered by the his torian of Salem, theRev, J. B. Foit, in tho Colonial Blate-Paper Office, in London, While enguged in re- searches relating {0 the history of his own city. This foneer of American journsiism wss published by Penjamin Harris, at the London Coffoe-House, Boston, snd was printed for him by Richard Piercs, on Thursdsy, the 25tk of Septem] contaries nfier Wi discovery of tho Sew jnmbus, Tho paper vwas printed on sohon ot a foldea "eet, Jeaving ome pego blank THith two columns to 8 page, and each page cbout 1 inches by 7 in eize. Harris ropoed to issue his paper once s month, or oftener if there should bea “glut of occurrences.” His first and, aa it turned ont, only umber, contained several columna of home and for- ‘elgn gossip, without a word of editorial comment. Un- fortanstely for the success of his nn g, he printed_one or two ftems of local and military news rhich set tho official busybodies in » ferment of in- dignation. The legislative authorities solemnly deter- mined that the paper came out contrary tolaw, and “refloctions of a very high nature.” Lo prevent arris {rom iasuing a second number, they farbade “ansthing in print without license first obtained from those authorized by the Goverument to grant the eame,” In this way the irat American news- paper came to grief; and, but for tho accidental pres- ervation of » singlo copy in London, its very name would havo passed into oblivion. Tho progress of American journalism was comparatively elow during the first cantury of its history. The nppetite for news grows with what it foeds on. When mail facilitics were scant, and newspapers were meagre and dull, the demsnd for this kind of reading was hl}ub ed. Withdincreased facilities for transporting the mails and for collecting news, tho taste spread and became moro exacting, There was & paper in. time when the public was willing toallow & news- paper fivo months to caich up with the news; nowadsys a mewspaper which can not givo all the news of the world every morning, with timely and suggestivo comment, might as well give up the ghost at once. Nobody wants it. Our ancestors conld afford to wait for the nows. They had other matters to occupy their atten- tion, and news had not the businesa importance Whieh it now posscssos. Says Ar. Consnt : The sixty-seven newspapers which wero established in'the American Colonios from 1630 to 1783 wero montbly, weekly, of tembweetly publications. Ons Paper had been started 88 3 tri-weekly, but fafled on that plan, and was then issued semi-weekly, and final- Iy weekly, Whilo New York was occupied by the Eng- lish troops, the several papers there arranged their 433 of publication, es has tince been done £ Liver- pool, England, €0 that one parer was fssued each_dsy, thus giving the public a daily newspaper. Only forts: threo out of the sixty-seven were in existence in 1783, when tho independence of the United Btates was zc- Xnowledged by Gearga the and the young Bo- ‘public commenced its career of greatness and glory. Bome anccdotes are given, ehowing the won-~ derful reportorial abilities of Honry J. Raymond. Like all great editors who have risen by promo- tion from the ranks, he always retained an affec- tion and esteem for the reporters’ room, and de- lightod in reminiscences of his own early experi- ences before the introduction of the telegraph : Although not a short-hand writer, Alr. Raymond was an accomplished rcporter, aud unquestionably the most rapid writer connected with the preas, e held his own with such slenograpliers os Robert Sutton and .Jomes A, Houston, two of the best ehort-hand ropor- ters in the country at that peri>d. With marvelous rapldity in writing, Mr. Raymond displayed great tact. On ono oceaston, when Daxel Webster was 0 epeak ix Boston, several Toporters were sent from New York to report his speoch, and Afr. Itsymond attended for the Tyilunie, On hia return, instesd of losing time, he en- gaged s ptateroom on the Sound steamboat, where he Wroto Lis long-hand notes, While the reporters wore in Boston, types, cases, &nd printers bsd been uigtty pisced on board the steamer, and =s rapidiy r, fisymond wroto out the speech the printers eet it un” On thele srvivel a¢ New York dis speoch wa in typo and ready for the press, cod ap- pearsd the ssmo moraing in & late edition of the Trit- ‘une, much to the mortification of the other reporters and tho surprise of the other Journalists, Ons of the most striking nstancos of r. Baymond'a accuracy and rapididity ne 8 reporter occurred while he was representing the Courier and Enquirer at Washington, Jr. Webster wué to make an_important specch in tho Senato. Mr, Baymond was present, and the other papers wero represented. Looking af the clock, it occurred (o him that the Senator would finish about the hour of the closing of the mail, He therc- d himself, Webster bogan his every word down in Webster, it is true, was o slow, delib- ‘crate speaker, but aa the average speed of an orator's tongue is six uttered to one carcfylly-written word, our readers can imagine the rapidity of Raymond's Friting. Webster Snished. Itwis neatly mail-time. It would be utterly imposaible to write out tho spoech for that and tiat wos the mail to carry the spooch. Raymond looked at his notes, and again at tho clock. Rolling all up in an envelope, inclosing a pivato noto to the foreman of the Courter and Enguir- er, ho dropped the into the cditors’ bag, It reached tho offico in Wall street, the was distrib- uted amon, itore, and the Wholo specch ap- peared n the next edition of the Cottrier and Enquirer, to the dismay of the other papers and_the of the reporters. Its accuracy rcelved the fullest in- dorsement of r, Webster, To Mr. Bennett belongs the credit of firat dis- cerning the necessities and possibilitiea of the modern American newspaper in its function aa tho disseminator of news. He led tho wayin the establishment of the grand system of agen- cies by which, at the present day, all the news of the world appears every morning in the col- umns of our daily jonrnals, and which place them, as newspapers, far in advance of their Earopea contemporaries. A single copy of a New York journal gives more nows than will bo found in & week’s file of the London Times: At the time of the English expedition to Abyesints, the London popers wero indebted to the courtesy of the Herald correspondent for the latest and_fullest ntelli- gence from the field ; and during the Franco-Germsn war {he most interosting xnd accurate accounts of the g0 achlorementa of the German armles published the English papers were given {n tho dispatches to the Tribune, but for which the English public would bave been compelled to wwait the stzival of latters by for more e Thent ‘of . Viotories - whiSk mvOled the. fate of an empire. The English have _scarcely gun to learn the uro of tho telegraph for transmitting nows, They affect & contempt for the American sys- tem, and plume themselves on the more solid and scholarly” charactor of their ‘newspapers; but, while this view may have been once correct, an impartial comparison of American and English journals of the present dey would show that, in sddition to an amount of naws which would supply London Tewspspers for & week, tho lending articles, literary reviews, and corre- spondence in overy iesus Of one of our first-clasa papers are as thoughtful and as carefully considered 85 tho articles which ppesr in the columas of the e, chay rigidly organized a8, perhaps, more y o than the Times or the Tridune, oot only with Tespect to the news department, but aa to it editorial corps, Both Mr. Raymond and Mr. Greeley permittod great 1 in thelr writers, and " encouraged indi~ viduality of thought and opinfon, The former, in- ‘rarely interfered with his tes, suggested y topics, or dictated & line of policy. Each torfal writer selected his own subject, treated it in his own way, in keeping, of course, with tho tone and charac- tor of the paper ; and Afr. Raymond, even when in town, rarely saw the artioles except in proof. This systemn had, undoubtedly, its dissdventages; alight vari- ances of opinion wero sometimes detected in the pa- per, which, of conrse, were luid to his charges but this was balanced by obvious advantages, Ar. Bennott pursued a very different system. Ho establisiied tho daily council of editors, which ia still a feature in the ‘manngement of the Herald. 1t is ‘held atnoon, snd every editor Is requirod to be present. Tho topics of the day are fully discussed at these meetings, and eacli writer has his subject asaigned to him, and.'its treat. sment prescribed. While the influencs aud views of other writers bestdes A Greeley and Mr. Raymond ‘were {requently apparent in the T9ibune and the Times, the Herald, under this system, alwaya faithuily re- fiectod 00 Mdeas and purposss of ils founder and editor. r. Boonett kept the public at s distance, Few out- siders found access to his private roomat the Herald office, Mr. Raymond and Alr. Greeley, on the contrary, rarely refased to soe visitors in the editorial sanctuzn. A gentleman once entered Mr, Raymond's private offico with the inquiry, * Are you at loisure 7% “ No, sir,” was the courteous reply, as the quick pen was stayed in its progress over the page, “but Iamat your service” For & few years previous o’ his doath, Mr. Grocley had 8 private room in tho Tribune building, o which ke could retreat when the ure of Vizitors becam: tep on_the floor he would aek, without looking up, #What's wated 17 and would generally Xoop on_writ: ing while the visitor stated his errand, unless his sttentlon was. arrested by something of Jmportance, Both Mr. Greeley and Mr, Raymond conld listen and write at the same time—a rare faculty even smong newspaper men. In'his sketch of the FEATUBES OF THE ELEBE, . REMARKADLE which is one of the four notably picturesque. rivers of Europe, and, if it has not the grandour and variety of the Danube, or the majesty and richnesa of the Rhine, or tho graco snd beanty of the Moselle, ia more striking_and peculiar than any of these, Junius Henri Browno gives an amusing instance of the conceit of the Ger- ‘manio love for Fatherland: Thers are a number of cascades ia the district of Buxon Switzerland, tho most noted of which i the Améel; but they d0 not show to sdvantage during the summer, owing to the scarcity of water. Tho Germans cannot be persuaded, however, ihat {hese cataracts are not nonpareils in thoir way, Talking on this sub- Ject to a citizen of Mngdeburg, at Schandsu, omo morning, aud telling him bow much I had admired, and always ehould admire, the Gicesbach, the Beiche bact, sad the Bhino Fally ho nkisied on my visiing ssveral: could not have béen more than forty fect bighand seventy broad. The Magdeburger struck an attitude at once, and, pofnting to the diminutive bubble oppo- site, exclaimed, “There, sir] Tell me if you . ever seen an; ‘spproaching that in Switzeriand | Where ia sour much-boasted Niagars compared with this sublime catarcet 77 I strove fo restrain myself, but 1 could mot for my life help laughiog, st which my companion ° frowned, snd d«iu«i that Amer- icana believed no colntry worth mentioning exoept their own. Iassured him he waa mistaken, and that 10 2v0id the ap, ca of bosating I had Kot named any falls ot of Switzerland. But you intimate by your manner,” he sdded, that Nisgara is slmost equal to this wonderful cas- cade.” “Idon% do anything of the sort,” was my reply. “1 have no Dbjwflz; l:“'.h.‘l {all—~it is stupendous for Germany; but if an American should comstruct s mill-dam 't home 1o larger than this, he would be sent to prison for violating the law of internal im- p!;;mmfl," o o Magdeburger glowered on me, but spoxe no mors. Ro was too 15aa for uitermnée, Ho tumed away, and walked directly back to Schandsu, reve his suppressed wisth b overs sicide of his agiia The Swiss pecannt has clothed the majestio rocks of the Konigstein and the Lilienstein with many an elfin and supernatural tribe. In a dismal cave on the south eido of the Lilienstein tro0p of gnomos are wont to meot on tho night of the 80th of April—the famous Walpurgis- night—for the |purpose of reckoning up the treasnres in their keeping, and bolding a mystic revel. The peasants in that rogion give ihe 1008t implicit credence to this myth, believing that the gnomes then bring together all the precions metals they aro sppointed to watch gver, and dance around them in growsome glee. Some of the rustica claim to have seen ghostl; fires on the Tugged steep, acd to have weird lsughter and Bilarky therofrom st the honr,of midnight, and would make oath to this onall the evangels. Alegend, to the truth of which the peseants will bo -nant because the sworn, I8 that one of their mumber, in the fourteentis century, was impelled by curiosity, strengthenod by unfaitering coursge, to wiiness the ants of tho momes on the Walprirgis-night, He clambered up the ilienstein before duak, and sccured 3 favorable point. of view ero thio unearthly riot began, The guomes ‘were punctual—T have always suspected pundtuality to b0 ‘supernatural vice—assemLling in due season, with heape of eilver and gold, mg commencing in avfal mysiery thelr goblin Carnival. The mortal witness, " s “he afterward parmated, eaw them strike from which ruddy ‘wino flowed in s d his they such treams; —an pantities thst they lecamo humsn fin their cnnoes. They caper=d, screamed; and fought, turning the Welpurgis-night”into St. Patrick’s Day, and in thelr feroclty "tore off each other's heads sa arms, which &t once grew on a After they bad Simmtmmbored one. anier. fwony o thicty topen ai Tound, moved by a epirit of forgiveness and generosity thoroughly Miiesian, they embraced, and increased their polations. ‘Then stole themortal forth—tradition has given kim the name of Hans Merchermann—with the {ntent of carrying o somo of the purs gold and silver Iying in profise toots all over the civern, Hosolzeda hude fump of goid, put it on his shoulder, and hurried ot without “waking omo of the demoniso crew. Ero he hid gome fifty ells he heard the gobr lins shouting after him that ho should keep his troas- ure forever. - Frightened at this, ho threw it away, and hurried down the mouniain (the fable gives no ‘particulars of his ascont tnd descent), and tho next day reached his humble Lome, delighted with his ad- ‘yenture, end mado thereby tle stroug meguet to the fron of sl his fallow-villagers, When - Hans woke the following morring, the Reavy bar of gold was on his shoulder. licaring it t0thd Elbe, ho eank it n the middlo of the stream, but within'tweaty-four hours it camo back to him, and from that time ho sought to get rid of it in vain, Ho 2002 grow to be constdcred as one accursod. - Ben and women avoided and children Sod from him, The ‘vision of the gold bar was an 1l omen. Hans Merch- ermaun e o solitury, and life loathaome to bim, Ho wandered from place to place, but the story of bis doom followed him. ~ Neither rest nor hopa was longer possible, and one morning ho was discovered desd in the principal street of Bautzen, having cut his throat in despair. - When seen the night previous, tha bar'of gold was on his shonlder, but the corpse’ was without it, and everybody believed the bsr had ro- turned o tho gnomes, who bad allowed Hans to take it a8 » malediction for his curicsity and avarice, In tho paper on . ‘“*CONSTITUTIONAL LOOTATIONS,” which describes tho main parts of our eivio ma- chinery, and their relations to each other, the author, Franklin B. Hongh, tabulates some facts which are of much more value than anything else in his _article, although he does not sppa- rently grasp their real significanco. Ho is spoak- ing of tho increase of legislative business, which is following the imcreaso of wealth and &Dpnlntlan, snd it may be secn in these facts of the logisla- tion of New York- Tho number of Isws paesed n the ninety-five see- #lons since the formation of the State in 1777 is 3,4, mud the aumbecof, printed pages which thay occupy (oxclusive of fille-pages indexes, ctc) fs 56,516, of which tho first 1,512 a7e farga folio, and” the Temainder octavo, Grouping these laws into periods of ten years, we £ind the following in numbers : From 1778 to 1767, 650 laws, From 1788 to 1797 709 Inws, From 1798 to 180 1,421 Laws, From 1808 to 1817. ,335 lawe, From 1818 t0 1827....] 2,831 lawa, From 1828 t0 1837... . 5,705 lawe, From 1838 to 1817, 7 laws, D From 1848 10 1857..... 4,705 Jawa, Increasc. From 1858 to 1367, 6,004 laws, Since 1867 (5 years). Iawe, 30, g fivo years the number is 18 great s for the lzat, the increase In this decade will bo 2,883, or mare than twice that of any former period of ted years. From this tabls we observe tht, excepting the years from 1838 to 1847, which includes’ s period of great commerclal rovulon, 3 stoppago of Work upon the canals, n suspension of specie payments, anc Gentis) slapmation of bustucasy 1o (nchsces. Bas’beoa continuous, and that the rate has been of lsts alto- getlior beydud that of e population or wealth of the Btate. If we look over the titles of theso acts, thero will be found an ense pumber of lawa which simply smend Or repeal those of recent ‘proving that much of this legielstion has boen Tasty' or noedless, During the lust few years there hava also been o very large nunber of bills retarned by the Governor with his objections, and, in many of thess cases, his reasons aszigned wero, that ample_provision 1ad aiready been made by general laws for the attain- ‘ment of the end proposed by thesa bills, AMr, Hough utterly fails to divine the cause snd the cure of this, the great evil of our day. 1t lies far too deop tobetauched by any such su-— perficial remedics as curtailment of the session, ‘Which is ono of his romedics. In the editor’s *Historical Record,” thereisa oy valuable collection of factsand statistics with regard to TDUCATION AT HOME AND ABIOAD: Ho give a quotation from a recent address, on the occasion of the distribution of prizes to the Bristol Trade and Mining School, by Br. Mundells, the membor for Sheffield, England, who took the opportunity of enforcing tho ne- cessity of a practical knowledge of scienco a8 applied to special branches of industry : e rocounted bis experience of the German system (bo has been for yesrsan employer of lsbor in Ger- many), and told_his audienco that in s Saxon town of 150 inhabitanta no child £rom 6 to 14 years of age was absent from schiool, no person over 14 vwas fgnorant of e throe R's, and every boy who desired to learn any particular branch of eclence had the means of acienti- flo instruction at his own door,and at s very low price.. This was the case In every little town in Ger- many and Switzerland, and *if Bristol were a German city, the boy who had 5 5 p in the School of Mines would not_have to go to London,” but there- wonld_ be s minifig school close at hand, whero boya Uiving at home could find the education which they have now_ {0 scek in tho Capital at consid- erable expense, In Germany, technical schools wero established everywhere, and employers refused fo tako apprentices who did not attend them. “YWe hear much of unions, combinations, and strikes, but very littla of sltempta "to redeem hd negligenco of the psat fn re- spect to scientifio and technical culture. A twelve weeks' atrike in Wigan, in 1866, cost £150,000 in wages, and all the unfon funds were exhausted, ‘and the mas- torslont » quarter of million. Hsd the monoy de- voted to building up s false and artificial system been spent in education, thers would havo boen no waste, and the workmen and their children would have been ent gainers.” The endowment of national schools of science 18 now brought freshly beforo tho people in con- nection with the bill of Senator Morrill, of Ver- mont, for the further endowment of universitics or colleges which availod themselves of the grant of 1862, commonly known as the *‘Agricultural Grant. After enumerating the provisions of this bill, tho editor says: . . Tho aid to sgricultural colleges, by the Morrill bill of 1863 waa expedient, and has been useful, in some cases eminently 8o, Tho:apparatus of the “new edu- cation,” so callcd, 18 expensive. _Theso institutions need a great increase of funds, It may be expedient that the General Government ehonld do mors for them, but the bill which has juss passed the Senate grants, in effect, $550,000 to each State for this purpose, which will absorb tho income from lands for the next tan years or more. If other departments of education were everywhero ‘advanced, this action would doubtless nwaken Icas criticiam, But the fact 1s that evon the common achool is hardly known in large soo- tions of the country, and in Alabams, for instance, 53 per cent of the voters cannot write. Of course they aro, to all intents and. p iliterate ; snd even 17 per cent of the voters in tho whale country are el te, : The sentiment in many States is strong sgainst sn effcient systom of popular education, Matyland only Iast sear made provision for the education of the ored children outside of Baltimore, devotlng $50,000 {or tho purpose, Neltber Delawaro nor Kentucky bas et any provision for this class of children. Now siatesmanship, while it looks to special educs- tion that shall increase the ekill of the industries of the country, must not overlook that elementary educa- tion which Is absolutely essential to » right knowl- edgo of the duties of tho cltizen, and a disposition to ischarge them. Thisis essential, and underlies every other clement of tho public ‘welfare. 1f, then, Congress ia to apply the doctrine long_ minte pro- mulgated by the fathers, that the public domain and ita fncome should bo applicd in aid of education, certainly whils they help the colleges for industris{ aclenco reasonsbly, they ought alsosdequately to aid universal education’ by tho same means. 1o thin effect, consecrating the net income of ihe public landa to the education of the people, passed the Houss peasly s year ago. By this bill, half of the o from this source is to be made permanent fand ; and the income from that and half of the net year from the sales of lands are to be distributed mong the States pro rats, on the basis of Hliterscy. Tt would seem that a discriminating and farcighted statesmanship would not sacrifice this measure {o the aid of sgricultural colleges alone. Indeed, many of the most eminent cducators of the country—among {hem Dr, Sears—bellevo that theaid proposed by the House bill, especially to tho South, would b sde- Qquate to revive education there, and nota few con- sider it the only means of their ever resching that do- sirable reault. THE ALDINE, The Aldine for March maintains the high artietic reputation it baslong ago won by its beautiful typography and fine engravings. The “\White Birched of tho Baransc,” after Bows, . is printed from an engraving by the elder Linton, and {8 an incom- parsbly fine piece of work, There is another noticeable print,—Tavernier's ** After the Storm,” in which the lights and shades, and disorderly scenes_of the sescost after a great storm, are given in powerful relief. Tavernier ‘has two other emaller sketches, which are v nitractive. The famous ride from Ghentto Aix gives James D. Emillic a subject for ono of his characteristic and apimated productions. The text is varicd and readsble. e are indcbted to R. D. Russell, No. 148 State str!e(l),urfnlr nd";“lks ies ol‘rfln s Magazine, C olk, Lippincoll's l’;aga- nd i’ tlonsc Sondty’ off wd on Tia T 01 /, AR 8 Monthly, tox Hacch 3 —The clergymen of Lebanw:!rlnd., are indig- girls ot helr congregations eat uts in church. The cracking noise often destroys the most beautifuily-rounded gentences. HOME. A Consideration of Its Ongm and Elements. Comfort First, Luzury & Later Con- sideration, The Parlor Idea, and Its Perver- - sions. A Home That Is Home Through- out. _ Having fornished your entire houss, dear Madam, from top to bottom,—elegantly, if your pures is long enotigh ; eimply, and yet charm- ingly, If your means are emall and your taste perfect; comfortlessly, whatever you may have spent on it, if youlack the latter qualification,— you msy now turn your attention to your room of rooms—your parlor; that best-room, about which every one Writes who can get & chance, all peoplo criticise, and about which no two per- 8ons were ever known to agree. ‘Barbarism introduces fnto {ts tont, wigwam, Thovel, or ehanty, not only all the human mem- bers of a family, but also the favorite animals. The Arab ehelters his horse under the same roof that ehields him from the elements; the Hiber- nian peasant finds nothing offensive in the presence of a matronly sow and her numerous Pprogeny; while the Teutonic bauer rejoices in the companionship of that historio bird that eaved Rome from being captured by the Gauls. The initintary letters in the alphabet of civili- zation are learned aftor a time, and the less ro- mantic of these people begin to grow Haught Adrs Becanto :yngmv;‘rg:‘pard in worldly affairs, and g0 incontinently turn the aforesaid privi- loged animals out of doors, cleanse the domicile of its sugeanic attribates, thongh not usually at one fell, Hercalean sweep or flood of purifica- tion, but gradually, and behold the kitchen ‘proper, but also still .combining all the other spartments of & domicile deemed necessary by more advanced pupils, Next, a curtan screens o portion of it; and then a partition divides the space into eleeping and living rooms. Bedrooms aro added after a time, a8 knowledge increases, and afterwards comea the ¢ ‘owing glory of all,— THE PARLOB. Therefore it would seem that naturally all por- tions of a house should be made comfortable be- foro a thotght is bestowed upon that grand climas of each housekeeper's aspiration,—~the parlor. Of course thero ars peopls who are born in a parlor,—figuratively, if not literally; snd to theso it is only an apartment for special purposes, fitting into their lives as easilyas their dismonds, or thelr purple and fine linen. These we shall discuss in turn, but there is no danger of their rooms being staffy or disagreea- ble,—closed tightly except on state occasions, ench a8 & wedding or funeral, or & possible call from the great Mrs. Midas. The American whose father was born in this country does not make oommon cause with his snimals in regard to lodgings, but he may, and often is, forced to commence life' in a =ingle room or a small cabin, It is to these people that the parlor comes 2s a longed-for and visible EXPOSITION OF THEIR FROSPERITY. Itis these people who maks it a shrine, but who worship outside the temple, not fesling ose il an ous] ro~ fane lootftnpny.’ It l’nhem R horsebair, Al its funereal solemnity, finds eamest dovotees, who, perhaps, see a fitness in its color and se- vere forms for the solemu place. Hers the ma~ hogavy table, with its red and biack cover, finds favor, and stands between the windows, or, when' s step further hus been gained, the mar- ble-top appears, and graces the centre of the Toom. It was for euch a room sa this that, in the days when gilt candelzbras, with glass risme as pendante, were considered comme il 'ant, that s worthy woman bought a set, and,’ in being advised by s friend io gel the glass shields' that were used as a rotection to keep them from being in- ured by spermaceti drippings, exclaimed “ Law, no! I don't wont nono of them things. There won't no candles go lato them aro gi- randoles a8 long asIlive.” Mantel-ornaments to add lustrs to the shrine,—that was all. ‘Honses, in their furnishing, should be, and in fact are, REPRESENTATIONS OF THE TENANT'S PERSONALITY. The good lady mentioned above oxpressed all the smallness of her mental culture in the man-~ per in which she spont her surplus savings on that tomb for ghosts, A closed room is always foll o(‘flhoatu,—nvt jolly ones, such as, in the cheerful gamo of muggine, forment you with tholr mirth-provoking talk, and put all ,those wandering Indion spirits that provail at seances quite st & disadvantage in thot respect; but filnom’, mouldy ghosts that are always rattling joors and casements, and making uoacconntable noises, and occasionally breaking the cord of the best looking-glass, and letting it fall to tho ground with a smash, to warn you that you will soon have to open that apartment for » fuueral, If Mrs. A.'s house in the city is a servile copy of Mra. B.'s, it is because Mrs. A, has no origi- wality,excephing original ein, in her composition, and, normally, that does not help her in ber hon»fnrnini{ng‘ With a narrow mind, hc)n’nfi education and cultore, sbo can ouly copy; and- ne c: she does it to the best of her ability. only wish that her model may have some of the steributes that she lacks. ‘But it is not people of small meaas only that ish o besf room and closeit up. Wo have in our mind's eye now a house & thousand miles from hore, whose owner onjoy tho comfortablo income of '€30,000 & year. Surely, he might afford to use all his house; BUT DOES HE? By no means. The principal parlor is & room 40 teet deop, with two doors opening into it from tho ball in such » manner that three Jong, blank wall-surfaces aro left. Against theso stand throe open 7 | were not distractingly attractive. dalS gofas, all exactly alike. Opposite the centre sofz is placed an legant piano, ‘with & large chair on ench side; while tables and chairs which cor- respond exactly in eizo and position, fill up the recesses. The upholstery is of magnificent sat- In damas,—a fact whick, if yon are of an in- quiring mind, you can ascertain positively by un“ty‘l: certain strings and H{mi up the brown bol &‘ coverings which screen their ‘gorgeous- ness, that it may not dazzle {h:lfihu!ta. The carpéts are Axminster, and they will nover fade, for the most intrusive sunbesm couldn't get through those windows; and, as for clocks, two elaborate gilt pendules,—never will a_fly-speck destroy their flpn‘sfina glory. It would be an adventurous fly, indeed, who could muster cour- age enough to enter there, As for the pictures on the w the least said of them the better; but it must be admitied that the expensive gilt frames are most msgnificent. The back parlor is similar to the other, except that a baize-cov- ered table occupies the centre of the room, and, with a nondescript piece of farniture oo- cupfing the entiroend of the spariment, changes this into & library. DO FOU ASE ABOUT THE BOOKES? As if books had anything to do with the matter. This piece of furntture cost $1,200, let ms toll you. It reachestothe ceiling. Itis divided into threo compartments, #nd the bottom of it is finished up with closets and drawers. The drawers are filled with nicely-cushioned minia- turo beds, upon which glasses of all sizes can rest camfortably, while the closets hold the sup- plies whonce these maybe filled. The upper part is of glasa. Tha side divisions are narrow, and are filled with books, tound volumes of Iadies’ magazines, common conneil reports, and other works of the latter description, furnished %;fi! to politicians of the T: persuasion. ese places were always kept locked, but then 1o one ever cared to them. The contents ‘But the centre compartmen| THEEE WAS BICHNESS. Ita polished plate-ginss coors revealed its treasures to the eager student's eye. Elzevirs, rare copies of 8 e, illuminated missals, quaint black-letter volumes, manuscripts of priceless worth ? By no means,—but the best silver forks and ns, in gorgeous mg, the massivesilver salver, the state cester, the d canter stand, and the tes-service. And this wastho library,—shall we add, with modern improve- ments3 What stupid people our ancestora must have been,—those of us who have had any recog- nizable ones since the original pair ! They sep- arated the book-case and buffet, and really filled the former with books that could be read, and wero left free for any ome to choose. It re- mained for the modern founders of dynastiest hit upon the grand combination scheme. Tf 700 wero s guost in that house, yoa might bo invited into that room for a brief 8pace afier t(hr:;a;find‘,i when Jou hnd}momafl nlm:;té insane 1 objective rectangularity, and fonnd- your- self indnlging in an earnest 5@::’:5 for the ym'i- val of the great god Pan, with an extension of wer guilicient o get all that prim furniture icing, you would hail with cagerness the sug- gestion of your hostess to go up-stairs, and would watch her while she oxtinguished the ona dim gae-light which sho had igniled, leaving the other. twenty.hren fhich might hato added to on of rool 3 i thie ugmal conditton, ™ =% Mneh b . Possibly you may think wo exsggerats. Not in tho loaat degres ; and We can site snotior case to prove HOW LITTLE MOSNEY IS WORTH - when s life-timo has been spent in accamulat it and nothing else. A couple quite ndnn':g in years, but with no children, have at last earned, saved, and otherwise accumulated, a for- tune. 'They will have a house now, and tho best that money can buy. True, they know no oue, and will entertain no company; but what of that? They cannot invi ogss: and Boggs, sud Moggs, whom they knew in their days of struggle and toil. These people ara stil] in the same nfil harness, tugging away. But our friends will have the big honse and the grand tarniture, and, as thoy dan’t -Anrx:to know how to set about it, they will go to a first-class man, pay him o first-class price, and get a first-olass arti- Slo. This they do, and ho srchiteot dosigns them a palatial mansion, which i# soon bilt for thom. Then follows the farnishing. The car- pots are Aubusson; tho upholstery is of the costliest eatin ; the frames aro of the finest wood. Thore is no lack here of articlesof vir- tue and bigotry,” as Mrs. Partington would say. Inlaid cabinets, buhl tables, stands of Byzanting ‘mosaic, help to ewell the amount of the hill and £ill the room ; while statues and statuettes hold back the curtains or fill the niches. Unaand.f Lion, the Greek Slave, Cupid and Payche, did not 'seem to these good peopls to quite come under the sbove-named head, and - rather shocked their uncultured souls; but, the pro- riety of these images havinz beon guarantecd filzhs first-class furnisher, they were accepted. 0 only fault was, that they were white, and anything white will soil, even marble; 8o sach o the asmiptor's realized dreams was carefully “PLEASE DOS'T Tovom," : and thus any nndus handling of them “was”ju- diciously guarded againet, and iconoclasts wezo duly warned. Thero lacked but ono hing rov, and this waa speedily provided. The finest piano that conld be bought soon supplied the solade- ficienoy, not ignominiously shosed awsy in somo comer, but standing out in bold rclicf, in tho vary céntreof the room. That might possibly ba considered an objection ina room intended-for use, but no such sacrilege would bo permitted here. The door was carefully locked, “the key sately deposited in the till of the old red chest, 20 tha elderly man and woman ait over thol? Kitchen-fire, and there crop out all theirlittle idlosyncrasies, while they sleep in the attic, aad the rest of the house is given up to ghosts. They have 1o afinity with all this modern mag, nificence, but they do enjoy- the satisfaction of owning it Burely there is B BOMETHING MORE NEEDED : in elementary education than ‘nf, writtog, and arithmetic,—s mers provision for. tha ac- cumalation of dollars and cents, but not e gle hint 28 to how they can be utilized when'ac- quired. It may be objected that culture and money-getting_can never fraternize or form a partnerehip. Very likely ; but may not thera be 8 possible olution of the problem of social nality .%.l'ha man of msthetio tastes, who has bis fortune fo make, will ‘mot"be ‘apt to possess s very great accumulation of mere ‘money, unless he 18 unusually favored by for- tane. 'Ho will have had too many temptations on the road to have kept straight onward. Side- isnes in the shape of rare books, palntings, oz statuary, will have presented themselves; but there will haye been s flayor in his life that'the ‘man who bas only learned resdiog, writing, and arithmetio,—the first culminating in & Fifth, or Sixth Bchool-Reader, the second in an ability to sign & check, and the last in the reckoning up of gain: Rover have dremmed of. Tbe for- mer'a sately argosies will como emiling home through clond-land, over the gorgeous seaz. of the incarnadined West, and BRING TO HDM COSTLY FREIGHT - that the latter's ships, saling over a literal sea and filled with material wealth, conld not buy. Not until the. practical, necessa~ ry, matter-of-fact, _elementary . education 1a seasoned witha fow hints of something higher and better, shall we ever get rid of these ghost- cham! ‘whether funereal in hair-cloth, en des- habille inbrown holland, oren de tenue in the best that monoy canbuy, Culture sweotens tha day of small things, and sheds & rare_perfuma over the honr when Fortunatus’ purse is AT THE COMMAND OF PERVECT TASTE. - Throw the house open wide. Make s shrine, if you will, but pay daily devotions at it. Let it ba the place where, when the cares of the day are ended, you can gather and burn Incezse to your Lares and Penates. Flood it with sunshing through the day; grow your rarest plants thiére; pile up your favorite suthors; don't- straight-bucked chair in it; and, above all, if is possible, have an open fire-place_piled - wWith wood, that aball, on_chilly days ornights, biaze forth'a weloome to all whom you dali THE OLD GREEN MOURD. "Tis & hillock green by the wayeide seen, A type of the cays of old, ] ‘Where with hopeful heart at eve, I ween, ‘Alover his talb oft told. [a Along the rosd 13 winding pat, - i With a primrose bank cloze by § t Our poeta would exl it “a fairy rath ;7. "Tis a scene for the painter's cye. At thet old mound, in long by-gans W Squiordored many o Boary S We set in the sunlight's dylng rays, "Neath to fry-covered tower ; ‘Wa looked thro’ the depths of each other's eyes, And read that page of trath e That tells of & lovo that never dies,— That outlives tho spring of youth. - - Thiat old green mound | oh, T see it still With its ancient, clustering trees, - . oo here the # Buir's™ softatrear ‘aca{h hsmelghbosing Eept time with the timid breeze. - - Full many a sunny summer-eve . . X watched at that trystingspot, 2 For thy ‘worth more than the earth cuuld give, And thy whispered, * Forget me not!* ar That old green mound, with its blossoms bright,: £ Like a diadem they sHone ; . Tbe violet bluoand the snowdrop white ., Seemed a Monarel's glittering throns And aft, when s wayward, frelful chiid, ‘Boon wrearied with my play, g I strayed to that spot with apirit wild, At close of each summer-day. % Thst old green mound 1 Oh, *Hs bomndtoms . By many s purer link ;- "Twas thero that I learned, st & mother's knes, - Of holler things to think Thero I firat breathed the name of God In childhood's trusting prayer; - Ascending up from the flower-crowned sod Went its tones on the ovening-air. Oh, sweet old mound ! Many spells thou hast My bitterest grief to heal, When oft, like faint echoes from tha past, 8weot mem'ries o'er mo ateal ; And of afl the things thot X love the moat, At which my heart doth bound, Of the scenes of childhood, loved andlost, .. 3 Most prized is that old green mound. o A Noble Youth. d That was a noble youth who, on being urges to take wine st the table of a statesman in Waeh- ington, had the moral courage to refuse. Ho ‘Wwas a poor young man, just beginning the strug- gleolYic!a. Ho brought letters to the sfates- who kindly invited him home to dinnar. “k{zt take s glass of wine " anid the states- man, in wonderment an mrprlu‘ - #Not one simple glasa of wine2” echoed the statosman’s beantiful and fascinating wife, 03 aho arose, glass in haud, and with & graco that would have charmed an anchorite, endeavored to press it upon him. _ = @Xo,” said the heroic youth, resolately, gently repelling the proffered glass. = t & picture of moral grandeur waa that! A poor, friendless youth refusing wine st the table of s wealthy stateaman, even though proffered by the fair hands of 8 beautifal lady! *No,” eaid the young man, and his voice tretn- bled s little and Lis cheek flushed, ‘I never drink wine; but " (Lero he etraightened himselt up, and his voice grew firmer) “if you've gt a fittle good rye whisky, I don't mind trying One of Disracl’s Criticivms. . | London Correspondence New ¥ork Timea. One of 'the movelties of the Quecn’s spedeh was the Imy'at with which it “concluded for a blesging on the deliberations cf Parlia- ment at the present time. ‘I re-ecko tfa prayer for Divine guidance,” said Mr. Disra«! for I believe we never required it more - much a8 to say that the Deity would have ple todo to save tha country from_the consoqne: of being governed by Mr. . Gladstons. - Thes an old story of a timid paseenger, asking ti:e captain’of a ship, in & storm, what ‘hopo thers -was.. * We must trust to Ged,” m,}liad the car— tain. “ And has it come to chat 2" groaucd the poor fellow, in despair.