The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, November 16, 1934, Page 2

OF NRA PROBLEMS UNDER NEW SETUP Features Must Be Coordinated, Unworkable Principles Discarded BY COLLIS STOCKING Department of Economics, New York University As the NRA enters its second phase the test of the administration is that of shaping an inchoate mass of leg- (slation and rulings into a more definite and permanent governmental policy. Various features of the pres- ent progran. must be coordinated, contradictions eliminated, and un- workable principles discarded. The task that lies ahead is by no means an easy one. During the early period in which new regulations were being projected the situation was fraught with excitement which at EGONONIST TELLS | x by Frederi kKeeeeeee THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Washington, D. C., Nov. 16.—In the century and a third which has elaps- ed since a few hundred volumes were placed in the capitol to form the nu- cleus of a library for use of the na- tional legislators at Washington, the Library of Congress has accumulat- ed the greatest collection of books in the world. Not in their thousand years and more of collecting have oth- ler great libraries gathered more than has this institution, established in the new world by a people once regard- ed by Europe as half barbaric. With its 7,750,000 printed books, pamphlets, maps, engravings, and other articles, times bordered on hysteria. Un- ier the circumstances many provi- sions were slipped in which now ap- Pear to be very questionable if not ‘utterly untenable. Codes must be re- vised. But before effective revision fan be accomplished the matter of general policy must be determined. Such a definition of policy hinges primarily upon the clarification of the three most disputed provisions of the present laws. Clause 7a, con- cerning the right of labor to organ- ize, must be interpreted definitely and finally, The question of price fixing and the limitation of output ‘must be settled. Minorities a Problem While clause 7a quite clearly gives the laborers the right to be repre- sented by representatives of their ‘wn choosing, it does not specify just what is to be done with minority @roups. The American Federation of Labor is determined that the clause shall be interpreted so that in labor disputes, as in political matters, the majority shall rule for the whole group. President Roosevelt in con- nection with the automobile dispute in February declared that the law Permitted independent representation of any number of groups within any company or industry. The president was criticized for this, stand on the ground that it robbed the law of its effectiveness and spirit. In Septem- ber the National Labor Relations board very definitely reversed the President's earlier position and in the Houde Engineering Corporation case held that the majority. Lad the_right to negotiate for’ all “laborers. Houde Corporation has refused to abide the board's decision and the department of justice has declared its intention to prosecute. some type of minimum price fixing Provisions. In general such provi- sions have been opposed by the Con- sumers’ Advisory board on the ground that minimum price fixing tends to establish monopolistic conditions to the detriment of the consumer. Many of the members of industry who were Tesponsible for the price provisions @re now inclined to doubt their wis- Heretofore our experience with has been confined pri- to the regulation of public util- ity peices. Such price fixing has been an entirely different prin- that involved in the codes. In connection with public utility reg- wations emphasis has been placed ‘Upon maximum and not minimum These maximum prices are Supposed to be determined in the ight of the broad social interest of el! concerned. The principle in- volved may be stated as the fixing of Price which will insure efficient at the lowest possible figure it with a fair return to the suppliers of the service.” Protects Inefficiency The minimum price fixing of the codes, instead of protecting the in- of all concerned, has tended to protect the inefficient producers against the competitively lower prices of the efficient producer. On this and similar grounds the price fixing pro- visions have been denounced by some 0; the Code Administrators and have been declared to be unenforceable. Where they have been enforced the effects have been to freeze industry et fractional capacity, tc further un- employment, and to tax the consumer in the form of higher prices, With regard to limitation of output, 15 per cent of the codes fix a limit to the numer of hours that machines may be operated, and a few codes go to the extreme of limiting the instal- lation of new machinery. The lim- itation of machine hours is a logical corollary of price fixing provisions and has worked out with the same or similar undesirable results. Many glaring examples of this fact are to be found in the textile industry, A ef! find that it has orders enough to it to operate its machines A limitation upon the hours that the machines operated means that such a is unable to fill all its orders some of its ma- ete, he lost business is captured by over-equipped plant which, because of code provisions, is able to operate machines which would otherwise be idle. aU [fi i 4 the library now exceeds the collec- tions of the British Museum and the ‘Bibliotheque Nationale, the great li- braries which for centuries have lur- ed scholars to London and Paris to find the lore of the world. Established as ® convenience for members of congress, the library has become a university for the people. The learned scholar, bent with por- ing over recondite tomes, the eager schoolboy finding his first astonish- ing vistas, the keen technician, the romantic adventurer into the fields of literature, and even the blind man with sensitive, Braille-taught fingers, all find journeys end on these shelves. Congress in 1800 appropriated $5,000 for the Library of Congress; it is now appropriating more than $2,000,000 annually for its maintenance. The original Hbrary was housed until 1897 in the capitol itself where it suf- fered from two fires, the first caused by the British invasion of 1814, when 3000 volumes were destroyed, and the second in 1851, in which, two-thirds of Jefferson's collection was burned, leaving in all only 20,000 volumes out of the 55,000 to which it had grown. ‘The library quarters became greatly overcrowded and after 13 years of debate, congress appropriated $600,- 000 for an independent structure. This grew and grew in planning un- til a. building was constructed con- taining 14 acres of floor space—as much in cubic contents as the Capi- tol itself—the total costing $6,347,000 in addition to the $585,000 paid for the city square as the site. About Condensed Chapter From the Authors New THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE. Today ic J.Haskin wexekkaekkk It is in three volumes in the ‘ible, Faun language in Gothic type and was the first great book to be print- ed in movable type. This was in 1455 and this book therefore ante- dates the discovery of America in 1492. It is in splendid condition, as on the day it was issued from the press of Gutenberg, and it is praised to this day for the beauty and strength of its vellum pages, the lus- It took five years to produce it. Gutenberg Bibles are very rare. There’ are only three complete copies in vellum, one each in the Library of Congress, the British Museum, and the Bibliotheque Nationale. World’s News on Tap dent Roosevelt, was arinouriced by the board. rane who resigned A return to Prt hae .)Sity of Wisconsin where acting TEL ccs dean of the law school, and will take office next Monday.” * of 1911, Biddle is & member of the law firm of Barnes, Biddle and Meyers, He was first assistant district -attor- ney of the eastern-divisien -of Perin- ‘The bookstacks comprise the frame of the library about which it is hung. Each consists of from 9 to 13 stories, with a series of cast-iron frames sup- porting tiers of shelves. The largest stacks are 65 feet high. The shelves are of cold-rolled steel, and are fin- ished as smooth as glass. The stacks are lighted by large windows of plate glass, which are attached directly to the window frame in such a way as to make them dust and damp tight. There are no sashes in these win- dows, and they are never opened. ‘The stacks are equipped with a uni- que provision for economy in the use of electricity for lighting purposes. At every other shelf there is a switch, by which the attendant may turn on the light for one passageway. This continues to burn for about six min- utes, and then the lights are automa- tically cut out. If the attendant wishes to stay longer, he must turn the switch. There is an underground book railway leading directly from the library to a station in the capitol. This runs through a brick tunnel, a quarter of a mile long. . There is an endless chain to which book trays are attached, and they make the trip from the library to the capitol in from two to three minutes. Sightseers in the Library of ‘Con- gress are generally. satisfied to view the great main reading room from the gallery, but when they come to the periodical room théy become bona fide readers. They have heard that sylvania from‘ 1922 to:1926,.: bear the view ‘would leave. ‘The | additions. $2,500,000 more has been expended on/she government. has the. news. of. the. 3 world here and they are eager to find In 1934, congress began an annexjout what is happening back home. to the main library, on the city block|}As the periodical room receives 830 to the east of the original building|United States newspapers and 136 where a site was bought for $971,000)foreign sheets, home-town news can for @ building to cost $6,500,000. The/almost always be supplied. The lat- new structure comprises 20 acres of jest editions of 300 dailies are filed by floor space and is designed to ac-/states and countries on open racks commodate 10,000,000 volumes in ad-jwhere they are readily accessible. dition to the space required for the|Back in the stacks are 100,000 vol- copyright quarters of the library, the/umes of bound newspapers, from a printing of the card catalogue, andjvaluable file of “The Boston News other purposes. So the library has/Letter” beginning in 1710, down to the come to represent a plant on which|news sheets of the current year. This more than $15,000,000 has been ex-jrecord of American history is of the pended, to say nothing of the cost of|greatest usefulness. Research work- maintenance and the cost of acquir- ing books and related matter. Enshrined Documents ‘The buildings are in the shape of squares with sections of book stacks surrounding courts in the main build- ing radiating from the rotunda which original building is especially ornate, being elaborately decorated with eminent artists who have expressed themselves in a manner winning great praise by all critics, and rises 125 feet to the dome. It is in mahogany and has a seating capacity for 200 readers. Over 1,000,000 persons visit the library yearly, There is a great shrine in the library where all visitors do rever- ence, exceptional for the western on a@ wall, subjecting it to of fire and deterioration b; light. The paper began grate and the ink to fade. instruments were deposited Library of Congress in 1! of marble being provided on the west wall of the genesis of the Declaration of Inde- pendence. In this same gallery at the east end opposite, there is in a glass case, and also closely guarded, a famous and virtually priceless Gutenberg pte Aa ca Ne ad to the limitation of machine hours. In cases where such provisions are f) retained they are almost certain to be revised to safeguard the ive interests of the laborers and coe The | ers. The above tendencies, if they con- tinue, will very significantly change the nature of the NRA. Within the general framework of governmental regulation an attempt will be made to direct industry, to some extent at least, for the benefit of the entire social group Many of the detailed in favor of the ton which is afforded. by competition operating through the market. In other numerous cases w! re industry has become so tltion is ineffective ers are always busy at the periodical room tables, surrounded by great vol- umes of bound newspapers. Of the 8000 magazines available in this divi- sion, 1500 are filed on open shelves in the periodical room for ready refer- ence. The collection includes not only popular magazines but also spe- sculptures and mural paintings by es Gress, and they make Uncle Sam the owner of moré than: 10,000,000 vol- umes. - Each of the principal depart- ments and bureaus of the governmen’ maintains a special library dealing with the subjects with which it is principally coticerned. Notable among these is the Army Medical Lil A recognized as the: finest in the world and visited by savants from all na- tions. Biddle Is Appointed — To Head Labor Board “Washington, Noy, 16.—(7)—Francis Biddle of Philadelphig Friday was named chairman of the labor--rela- tions board. 3 In this position he administration’s effort to at ed truce by settling labor ‘dis- putes, Lt The appointment, ‘made by Prest- MIGRATION IS MYTH CLAIM CIVIC CHIEFS Deny Farmers Are Moving Out! of Drouth Area as Result of Hardships the far west is just a myth—as far as mid-west chambers of commerce have observed. A series of replies from local cham- bers of commerce was made public Friday by L. F. Parsons, of the Idaho state chamber of commerce, who inquired if farmers, driven out by the drouth in the midwest and headed fortaaho. y ‘ Pope eed for Idaho. Biddle succeeds Lloyd. .X..Garrison, A graduate of Harvard in the class THE SECOND QUESTION A DOCTOR ASKS... that has relieved-whole ‘When anyone is “out of sorts” the doctor’s frst question is about the bowels. And ee second, what. is fF being taken to help them. Doctors use laxatives, and ee g them. But they prefer afive. Do you know why? aul Doctors and hospitals use liquid & ‘Haxatives because they’ve sce the. eee serps sept highly a meen x concentrat ry in ie form *, Syri Pp pills or tablets! know that a — aleage pieces paregenl 9 properly made liquid laxative con: made me feel better. 1 have taining’ senna (a natural laxative) used it as a laxative for the does not do this harm. And they —ntire f for 22 use liquid laxatives to relieve the Mrs, |. McMaster, bowels, because the dose can be Peoria, Til. easily regulated. doesn’t eat, doesn’t gain, gets. up- What to Use ‘There is a preparation of ey herbs, jure pepsin, cascara, and senna Which dees away with all need of a Spey as aise sennain re Iwell’s Syrup 1a is laxative enough for any adult, mild enough for any child. And there are other valuable ingredients in this delightful syrup. i Syrup Pepsin will usually relieve a case of constipation overnight. If, a further dose is necessary, i a smaller dose, each time the bowels are moving set and bilious no matter how ful you are about t! i resort to strong cathartics may only make matters worse. Make this Test! If you are “not yourself” because of a constipated condition, don’t it on a blood condition, or your age. Try the help of Syrup Pepsin until you are relieved: and nature restores your regularity. ‘When your bowels continue then to move larly, camera and completaly every, ase fou give Tass, unt and thoroughly without any help know why most doctors favor a at all! liquid laxative like Dr.:Caldwell’s If you have a youngster who Syrup FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1934 From the Kansas State college of agriculture came the comment that all drouths brought some to move but the if there is any universal development in this respect.” Minnesota replies were along the same line, while from Montana came information that the land policy Eiall Future Purchase and Distribu: tion Will Be Handled by AAA Organization FERA in North Dakota has stepped out of the feed business in the state, turning over future purchase and dis- lie 3 28 [E i i 5 FE a 5 @ 06, Lasser & Nees Teese On,’ ee