The Bismarck Tribune Newspaper, May 26, 1931, Page 2

| Gs - THROUGH CLOUDS Is Travel C DEMAND FOR TRIPS INCREASING RAPIDLY Increase in Airplane Passenger} Traffic Is Shown Almost Every Month FLYING SHIPS ARE CHEAPER] Overhead Demanded by Rail- road Practically Puts It Out of Competition Editor's Note: This is the first of a series of five articles by one of America’s most famous flyers on what's coming in aviation. ** * By JOHN A. MACREADY There are several factors which lead authorities in the aviation field to be- lieve that it is only a comparatively short time until the man who elects to travel on trains, instead of the more rapid airplanes, will have to pay more for his ticket than the man who rides the airlines. In fact, on a tew lines now, the airplane ticket is less than the combined rail and Pullman fare. The demand for airplane passenger service is rapidly increasing. More people are flying today than ever be- tore. Almost every month shows an increase in airplane passenger traffic. Air express and airmail are also in- creasing rapidly. With this increas- ng use of airplanes, it will be possible for the air transport companies to use large planes. In place of the present small planes we shall see giant planes, powered by many motors, carrying from 35 to 50 passengers on every trip. Between larger cities these planes will be operated on hourly schedules. Small Planes operated from smaller cities will act as feeders. Planes Cheaper To Build Another factor which will bring cown cost of airplane tickets is the progress in airplane manufacturing. While the industry is not, as yet, on @ mass production basis, it has al- ready begun to make so many operat- ing and manufacturing economies that a plane which sold in 1929 for £80,000 may now be purchased for less than $55,000. And today's plane is a better one than last year's. It costs approximately $100,000 to build a modern sleeping car. An air- piane with the same passenger ca- Facity costs from $20,000 to $25,000 ivss. The airplane carries its own mo- tivepower, while the railway car must epend on a costly locomotive. Much of the cost of railroad transportation is the result of the necessity of haul- ing heavy equipment. Weight con- ed, airplane engines develop more jower than any known motive force. example, the engines that pull mtury Limited weigh ap- ‘imately 150 pounds for every cpower developed; we now have ne engines that develop one epower for every five-sixths of a pound of total weight. Another factor in the high cost of road fares is the millions of dol- lars which must be invested in sta- tions, rights-of-way, bridges, switch- ing facilities, repair shops, coaling stations, etc. Thousands of miles of track, millions of ties, hundreds of bridges, many of which are damaged every year by floods—all these neces- s.ties in railroading are absent from the operating costs of air transport companies, High Land Values Many railroad passenger terminals are located in congested districts where land values are high and where costly track elevations are necessary. Interest on the money tied up in these terminals eats up a huge share of railroad revenues. Most airports are 4scated on comparatively inexpensive land, in suburban districts. In comparing railroad travel with air travel we must remember that the railroads have been developing sor many years. They have had a long time to bring their organizations | up to a high standard of efficiency. | Prior to 1927 there was virtually no zegularly scheduled passenger trans- | port air services. In these three years | ‘ net-work of airlines, manned by ef- ficient and careful pilots and ground crews have been built up. Millions of dollars have been invested in planes and landing fields. The very fact that our airlines can | continue to operate under present conditions, with only a fraction of the total traveling public now patronizing them is, to me, positive proof that it is only a few years until the bulk of dirst-class, long-distance travel will be ky air. Development of aviation is being hampered by the need for more land- ing fields. In the country there are about 1600 airports. Plans for 1410 additional airports are under way. But even when these are completed there will remain much to be done to provide needed facilities for the rapidly growing air- plane industry. When I visited Los Angeles in 1925 there was but one field—Clover Field. Today there are 56 airports in the Los Angeles district. THE BISMARCK TRIBUNE, TUESDAY, MAY 26, 1931 ertain to Cost Less by Air Than by Rail, Noted Aviator Says Air Passenger Network in United States | vaXCorvy fA CALGARY MOOSE IAW CANADA Zz a PISEATTL ES —. RUSSTFRG mPACOM : ( Fe ea Fe ORTLAND \ br a 2 Aes ANG MEDFORD ”\ 4, ; iG 1} i we CICA GOR : a SZ, re Ht : Pr. eS Ne | ARRINGTON [~ \5t Ky i fa apsoron \ wth) BANSAS city Wy € x \ wemPuis._ WA? +e HIS <P ,' JCHARLESTON Ne STAN SAVANNAH . ‘ a) TACKSON, X.....5 -} Varo bn me RR SACKSONVILLD OUSTON ‘ \ {Sw ORLEANS call Fe WORTH: ST PETERSBURG MIAMI r) The ever-exjanding network of air passenger lines, operating regular scheduled service between scores of cities | from coast to coast, is shown on this map. While names of only the strategically-situated cities are shown, many others are also served. Airmail lines serve praciically all these cities, in addition to others that do not LOW-GRADE ORE AS | NEW STEEL SOURCE | BEING DEVELOPED sota May Bring New Wealth to State Minneapolis, May 26.—()—Devel- | opment of a future source of steel was | under way Monday at the University | of Minnesota. | This source is an estimated billion | tons of low-grade ores in the Mesabe | range, which already is yielding the, richest store of the nation’s high grade ores at the rate of 30,000,000 to, 000,000 tons annually, Low grade! ore is mineral having less than, 40 to 45 per cent of iron content, and most- ly untapped for steel-making. Plans for analyzing this Mesabe low grade reserve were made public by E. | W. Davis, superintendent of the} mines experiment station at the uni-! versity, and Dean W. R. Appleby of | the school of mines and metallurgy.! The amount of low grade will be imeasured and mapped and its types! classified. Some of these ores are magnetite | possible for us to make a very thor- ough analysis of the deposits and on the basis of this, show what the fu- ture of the indsutry is to be, and also what types of equipment should be developed so that the future can be assured. “There is no question that northern Minnesota holds tremendous deposits of these lower grade ores, most of them not available for shipment un- through the days following. Usually they were seen perching upon some object near the ground, frequently |darting about after insects. | ‘The large group of white-throated sparrows which came May 12 stayed but one day. The various sparrows |were rather scarce from then until May 16 when a considerable number of white-throated, Harris, clay-color- ed and a few belated Lincolns, were der present extractive methods. Year! here. This was the first day at Fargo Mesabe Range Lodes in Minne-/by year, however, more relatively low| this spring when the Harris spar- o | grade ore is being shipped after being | tows had been present in any num- brought up to standard by having| bers, It is hardly probable that many some of the very highest grade mixed with it. ore included in annual Minnesota shipments has risen steadily.” Seven thousand dollars a year for grade ore research. BIRD POPULATIONS SEEM ON DECLINE Observer Notes Migrations Are Unusually Light; Condition Is General will appear at a later date though a | il ther For approximately eight| few may be expected until ano’ years past the percentage of treated | Period of warm weather occ Letters from St. Paul, Minn., and | Lincoln, Nebr., state that migrations epread condition. Unusually warm weather at times has no doubt kept the birds moving, but no unusual Periods of unfavorable weather inter- vening. The various species heve ap- Feared about as usual but for the most part in small numbers. Many species of warblers have been record- | ed but only in small numbers for the | most part. A large group of them may appear about May 25 or only a Tew more may be seen. The cold wave is quite likely to be destructive ‘o them. Brown thrashers were quite in evi- dence at Fargo May 18. This was the Fargo, N> D., May 26.—Summer | first day that two or more were heard apparently had arrived at Fargo May ringing at the same time. They were , 15 when the temperature soared to/ have passenger service. Fargo to Bismarck-Mandan. Since this map was drawn, the U. 8S. airmail-passenger service has been extended from just a flat, open field is required for | an airport. Many present fields | need to be leveled and drained. Near- | ly all fields need additional hangars and better runways, as well as it proved facilities for taking care of; passenger traffic. { One of the greatest needs in many | airports is improved lighting facilities. | A large proportion of airports have no; lighting facilities at all. This means | ‘hat as far as night flying is concern-) ea these airports are useless. Seaplane Bases Now is the time to locate and butld airports. Adequate tracts of land, near growing towns and cities, suit- oble for airports, are scarce, and rapidly increasing in value. Unless city authorities take steps to obtain what few available tracts remain they will be forced to pay exorbitant prices for landing fields and airports. All cities with water fronts should establish facilities for flying boats, seaplanes and amphibians. Of course | there is no expense for landing fields, i drainage, runways and dustproofing | where water facilities are available, but there should be ample provision | tor loading, unloading, facilities for repair and service work. NEXT—Future trans-Atlantic tra- 1S. DEPICTED AS VLAN I PAPER Russian Publication Scores) American Stand Taken at | Wheat Conference Moscow, May 26.—(?)}—The United States 1s’ pictured as the villain of | the recent wheat conference at Lon- don in Monday’s editorial by the mil- | itary newspaper Red Star. | The Americans, the editorial says, | stood firmly against international | marketing pools and refused to com- | Promise on acreage reductions, thus | ending the conference “without re- | Sults as had been expected.” “The greed of the capitalists knows no bounds.” says the Red Star. “To increase their profits they let mil-| lions starve. Soviet Russia was will- | ing to make a reasonable compromise but the United States and Canada would consider nothing but their | own plan and that plan had to do) with dumping huge surpluses in| Europe at the expense of other wheat- | growing countries. | “We were willing to adopt a quota! basis but only on the pre-war export | figures. No one can say we are over- | producing. of our urban population we need more | bread and our exports have not} reached the pre-war basis. “The American plan would have; meant danger for the masses and the | | (Secretary American Bridge League! —A Series Explaining the By WM. E. MCKENNEY When using the McKenney system of contract bidding, the great major- ity of ali original bids aré one of a suit. As explained in our previcus ar- ticles, original no trump bids are jonly made when the hand does not contain a good biddable four-card suit. To make an original suit bid of one, not only must you have at least a good biddable four-card suit, but your hand must contain two and one-half Gefensive tricks. The quick trick |table as advocated by the writer is listed below: Quick Tricks Ace-king of same suit..... 1 Ace-queen-jack of same sult.... 11 Ace ma... King- 21 King . 4% Queen-jack of same suit - 4 Ace-queen of same suit. Only one queen-jack must be counted in a hand as one-half trick for a suit bid. An ace-queen is counted as one and one-half tricks only when it is held with a biddable suit or it part- ner or right hand opponent has bid that suit. Quick tricks are defensive tricks. Your first bid should not only indi! ‘cate to partner that you have a play- jable suit, but should also show him |that if opponents bid he can depend upon you to take two to three tricks against any bid they may make. Quick tricks are the real basis for valuing hands at contract bridge. Contract Bridge System— Your hand may contain six to seven Probable tricks, but if you have unpro- tected suits and missing quick tricks, until partner shows up with those quick tricks, it is easy to understand that the opponents will run these off Probable tricks. ‘When your hand contains two and one-half quick tricks as outlined above and your partner holds one and one-half tricks, it is safe to say that the combined hands will make two to three odd. When the combined hands contain five quick tricks, the hands will, in the majority of cases make game. With favorable distribution four and one-half quick tricks will Produce game. Six and one-half to seven quick tricks will produce a emall slam, while seven to eight quick tricks will produce a grand slam. When bidding for grand slams, how- ever, the contract player must also remember that distribution ts an im- Portant factor. You may hold eight quick tricks, but with an unfavorable distribution you might find the first trick ruffed. Never sacrifice a sure game for a doubtful small slam. and urder no cimcumstances gamble for the grand slam when an almost certain small slam is possible. Most authorities talk of probable tricks, while most experts deal en- tirely with distribution and quick tricks —they count their losers and then determine by partner's bidding if these losers can be discarced or trumped in his hand. This recessi- tates sound bidding in order to obtain successful results. (Copyright, 1931, NEA Service, Inc.) Soviet union would not agree to this under any circumstances.” Eddy Is Named for Fargo Bank Founder Editor's Note: The following is one of the daily series of sketches on the history of North Dakota counties. (By The Associated Press) Eddy.—The county is located about the center of that part of tho state lying east of the Missouri river, and was named in honor of E. B. Eddy, founder of a Fargo bank and active for many years in the development of the eastern part of the state. The With the great growth land was first taken up by emigrants! tion pictures has eliminated from the Scandinavian countries. New Rockford is the county seat. There's plenty of work to do if peo- Ple would do it.—Henry Ford. National Commander To Attend N. D. Meet Valley City, N. D.. May 26.—(?)— Ralph T. O'Neil, Indianapoiis, nation- al commander of the American Le- gion, will attend the state con: ention of the North Dakota units at Valley City July 12 to 14, Jack Williams, state adjutant, announced here Mon- day. ; Joseph Barmett, Oshkosh, Wis., na- tional chaplain, also may attend, he said. a ge Quotations | —_— oe The educational influence 2f mo- the “hick” type from smell town life— ‘Will Hayes, “ezar” of filmland * * Competition among us boys is | wastetul—Al Capone. OUT OUR WAY By Williams In many localities where airports have been established much yet re- mains to be done. A lot more than STICKERS OH SAM, THETS WHOT | Go You EQUCATION AN . gh REFINEMENT ae eS DOES FER YH, A CAR? | SUN s Yur WHEN r spear AN! WHEN NOT rh anne Ail oa s/AG Th RELAX ATION THEM FELLERS 1S IN TH HABIT. O HANDUN' NOTHIN’ BuT BIG stocr DEALS — BUT TH’ HABIT CONT GEEM S0 STRONG. % TRWILLAMS| 2b requiring magnetic separation, some 4 degrees. ‘The writer observed least | before you can get started with your| can be brought to higher grade sim- ply by washing, others require crush- ing or roasting, while some devart in different ways from present shipping standards. “The mining companies have data,” said Mr. Davis, “that should make it} \ Place your finger on your larynx—this is box-— it contains your known scientists, who Uluminating Enginee said: of cigarettes regarded all smokers who have tested them as milder and with a lesser tendency to cause throat irritation.” Here in America LUCKY STRIKE isthe only cigarette that employs Ultra Violet Rays in connection with its exclusive “TOASTING” Process= the only cigarette that bri benefits of the exclusive “TOAST- ING” Process which expels certain harsh irritants present in all tobaccos TUNE IN— The Strike Dance Orches- tra, every Tues- and Saturday evening over N. jo Rete Apple. You are actually touching When you consider your Adam's Apple you are considering your throat= your vocal chords. What is the effect of modern Ultra Violet Rays upon tobacco? Dr. E. E. Free, one of America’s well by us to study Lucky Strike’s manu- facturing process, addressing the “The essential effect of the Ultra Violet is the production of better tobacco and flycatcher, Arkansas kingbird, yellow warbler, goldfinch, chimney swift and a number of barn swallows on that Gate. Baltimore oriole, red-headed woodpecker and warbling vireo were added to the list the following day. The least fly-catchers were common reported at Jamestown and Wilton May 14, Lisbon May 15, Valley City May 16, A single bird had been seen by the writer May 8, but none again until May 12, Arkansas kingbirds were noted at Lisbon and Valley City Jamestown and Fargo May 15. It interesting that these birds always den Your MUows your Adam's your voice vocal chords. was retained ring Society, by virtually ings you the raw have been light this spring. It seems | | two years has been set aside for low-| afficult to account for such a wide- numbers have been noted during the | May 13, Tower City May 14, Wilton, | | arrive a few days ahead of the com- | mon kingbirds and a few days of bad | weather usually follow the appearance | of the first ones. | Baltimore orioles were seen at | Fargo and Lisbon May 15, Wilton | May 16, Minot May 17, _ Jamestown May 18. A few of these, also, venture northward ahead of the last san weather. A number of the birds | which are not to be expected until |iate in May, have, however, been re- |corded. These are warbling vireo at | valley City May 16, Fargo May 17; | catbird at Wilton May 14, redstart at Wilton May 15, Jamestown May 17, Valley City May 18; mourning warb- \ ler at Valley City May 16; wood pewee at Minot May 17, Valley City May 18. Ii seems quite evident that Lisbon, Fargo, Valley City and Wilton have | had many early records, while Minot ond Fairdale in the northern part of the state have been late on many of the same species. Further records of warblers are waterthrush at Fairdale May 6, Minot May 9, Fargo May 11, Tower City May 12, Jamestown May 16; blackpoll warbler at Valley City and Wilton May 13; black and white at Wilton May 12, Blackburnian at Valley City May 13; Maryland and yellow throat at Jamestown May 16 and Valley City May 18; ovenbird at Wilton May 15. Some wading birds observed are least sandpiper Valley City May 13; lesser yellow-legs Valley City May 13, Minot May 10; greater yellow legs Valley City May 13; spotted sandpiper Val- ley City May 13, Minot May 10; soli- tary and pectoral sandpipers Minot ; May 10; willet Minot May 10, Fair- dale ‘May 8; northern and Wilsons phalarope Fairdale May 10. The most difficult of all tasks for lawyers is to agree upon what the law ee Justice Hughes. i Don’t Rasp Your Throat With Harsh Irritants “Reach for a LUCKY instead” t’s toasted” : Including the use of Ultra Violet Rays Sunshine Mellows—Heat Purifies : Your Throat Protection against irritation against cough | aciecepttceaten |