The evening world. Newspaper, March 28, 1921, Page 14

ly that the sport Poxing bas been @ source of great to both the State and Fed- Governments. From Sept. 17 Year, when the first series of by Rickard. under provisions of the Walker law, 3 of this year, $117,992.10 over to the tax au- When it is fur- it $35,340 was paid to the City Gov- old Garden looms up as parcel of taxable prop- country housing various Just think that advent of Rickard the old ‘was doomed to be demo!- and supplanted by an office Jumping into the breach Rickard y saved the historic swucture br sport-oving New Yorkers but ite pares, institution for the pt time in i! story. Nobody but te d we can't think of an- re Cg og) herrea ar have eee gamble easing t! from the New York Life uine such is Rickard, just \ fesued, shows that during his Tegime as promoter the Garden ‘housed for various purposes a ul of 910,402 people. Of this great boxing alone attracted 270,076 making it the most popu- of all amusements held there, two six-day bicycle races ran Lu @ close second, drawing in neighborhood of 100,000 for each Incidentally these races meant in taxes—and there are some Our lawmakers who would stop — @uc han institution! ‘The Millrose games had an ce of 10,000, and the com- ly new Guaranty meet was behind. totalled 52 ’ PADDOCK’S - running 220 ands in 20 4-6 seconds at J Berkeley, Cal, Saurday, is ly believable. Still, four watches i him in that time and one al in 203-5. When one thinks of Hhe efforts of sprinters for a quar- : of a bentury to better the original - mexk of 211-5 made by Bernie Wefers jn Memorial Day in 1896, it seems that a 1921 speed marvel able to clip two-fifths of a off the time after everybody ‘The Wefers mark had regarded as the fastest for a human being to the distance. breaking of records over yutes is easily understood, be- and ji mt are factors improved on by dif- but the 220 is a dash it's a case of run from the ‘he pistol. we heen sprinters who were furlong distance than at “hundred.” We always believed ‘Wefers was one of these, just Arthur Duffey was a specialist at dash. Paddock - evidently at home .over cither distan TOU! for on Saturday too in the record Of 9 3-5 seconds. Py ADDOCK is the fastest man of all i on boxing to the) time unless be beat the gun Saturday, and there is no rea- 7 seyret ee Sa TNS Lg ann IARI PCR 46 ho X MONTHS OF BO THE WEEK END ME A owe Copy viz by 1 Gor @ oe "y” CU. at ) On THIS ~ - if © Foe) . 1881 Ss j THE EVENING WORLD, MONDAY, MAROH 28, 1921. the Press Publishing Co. per (fuente!) ~~ (The New ¥ You GET O OH NO, cLiFE -Yee GOT ae Lo ne WHar 01D THe “6 Hove, XING NETS GOVERNMENT $185,000 IN TAXES By Thornton Fisher = ork Kyening World) WAIT A MINUTE= Not So FAST ONE AT A TIME — WHAT WAS THAT CORN 2 New Training Methods Put Yankees in Best Form | Reached in Many Years | Strong in Every Department, Huggins’s Team Awaits Opening | of Season With Great Confidence—How the Players Compare Physically and Mentally With Other Training Periods. | (Special to The Brening Word.) SHREVEPORT, La., March 28. Contented and happy, the Yankees are ready for the regular season ot the American League. Favored by excellent training conditions in this city, every department of the team developed rapidly. The result is that the club is now in better shape, both mentally and physically, than when the season opened last spring. Like all veterans, Baker and Peck are taking their time about reaching top form, but there is no reason to suppose that either will be a bit be- hind his mates when the gong finally sounds. Peck Jumped into the game yesterday and covered the shortfleld with all his old brilliance. Johnny Mitchell, the recruit in- fielder from the Pacific Coast, would have displaced almost any other shortstop in baseball this year, but Peck was too much of a task for him. The sorrel-headed wizard from Ver- non has the satisfaction of knowing that he himself ig better than many a man who will play a regular infield position in the American League next summer. Bach game the Yankees play is just that much toward the perfection of the team work that is 80 necessary—and necessary from the very start of the long pennant grind. Bach one they win is just 60 much toward the attainment of an indom- itable spirit. That, too, is vital to the ' With Light American Pros Start to Follow British Custom tn Use of “Short and Light Clubs as Best Way to Play New Stand- ardized Balls. | By William Abbott. © get the best results from the new standardized golf ball you must swing light and short clubs. Low scoring birds like Jim ‘Barnes, Hagen who are quick to hop on a new idea discovered the most satis- factory method to get distance with the standard ball was the use of short clubs with little weight. Barnes and Hutchison have whit- tled the weight of their wooden clubs to thirteen and a quarter ounces, Bob McDonald, the giant Scot, who, is big enough to use a flagpole for swinging purposes, has reduced his wooden clubs to thirteen and a halt ountes, and they're so short that a midget could wield them easily. Like Barnes, Hutchison, McDonald and other leading professionals, Wal- ter Hagen, former National cham- pion, hag shaved his clubs. This is quite a departure as Hagen has al- ways been extremely fond of heav, weapons. ‘The tendency to employ Ught and short clubs has been con- fined almost entirely to professionals as they have been the only ones who have steadily played with the weight ball in tournaments down South this winter, It has been the custom in the past that the pros are successfully initiating new fads in the old game and on this basis the amateur con- timgent will soon start to remove ex~ tra bellast from their clubs in order to meet changed conditons. ‘While American professionals are now only reducing the weight and length of their clubs the various pro- fessional champions in Bngland have for years concentrated on small-sized cluba Harry ‘Vardon has been a conspicuous leader in this set. ‘The many times holler of the British title attributes the ease and strength of hie ewing to short clubs. Vardon argues short club naturally re- quires a shorter stroke and conse- quently there's less danger of some- thing solng wrong when the club- head only has to move over a shorter radius. Vardon is a big man, yet his clubs are smaller than those used by many American amateurs who are wasalways taken with the well known in of salt. FTWhen Wefors was at his best he had little rivalry, particularly at the 220. Johnny Crum could push him at the hundred, but Bennie always came through, or from behind, at about seventy yards and then went away. Years ago at Manhattan Field, now next door to the Polo Grounds, Wefers met a worthy rival in the 220, He was Johnny Maybury, who came Hast with the Chicago A. A. team. He and Wefers hooked up and for about 160 yards Maybury held the New York A. C. flyer apparently safe. Maybury wore an alpaca cap in the race, and just as he was going along to the tape with Wefers striving gamely be- hind, a gust of wind hit the peak of Maybury's lid and up weut his hand to hold it on. It was a fatal move, for Star Golfers Now Meet New Playing Conditions Bob McDonald and Walter} (), Weight Clubs not nearly the equal of the veteran Briton in physical size. Vardon carries his short-club the- ory into special practice with his brassies, which are the same length as his driver. J. H, Taylor, one of the most fa- mous of the old-time British ‘profes- sionals, is another staunch believer in short swings with light clubs. His weapons, especially the irons, have jong been notable for their light weight. James Braid is another Eng- lishman who performs best with short clubs; in t ifa count was made of the fifty leading British professionals a big majority would be found who would favor short and lightweight julbys. NEW YORK PLAYER SETS SCORING RECORD IN BASKETBALL LEAGUE. A new scoring mark in basket- ball has been established in the Penn State League, according to the record announced to-day by William B, Loftus, Secretary-Treas- urer of the league. The holder of the new mark js Johnny Beckman, classed as the ‘Babe Ruth” of the game. In forty contests Johnny tallied 361 poigts for an average of nine points per game. Beckman is 4 New York boy and a member of ‘the recognized champion quintet, the original Celtics. He plays for- ward for that aggregation and hes been one of the mainstays who helped the Celtics set a new mark in victories won this season. Joo Berger of Plymouth, with 250 points was runner up to Beckinan in the league scoring while Ripley of Scranton, with 265 finished third. Giant Pitchers Tame _St. Lo Even Veterans + Like Salle! Show Surprising Speed and Control. NEW ORLPANS, March 28.—-The Giants’ pitching staff is steadily rounding into condition, The weather hag been so favorable that even the veterans are beginning to take libor- ties with their’salary arm, “Slim” Ballee is one oldster who is steaming them over the pan in mid-season form. Sallee and Arthur Nebf pitched so ably here yesterday that they made the St. Louis Browns begin to think their bats were only the size of toothpicks. The Giants, meanwhile, ‘had no trouble connecting with Urban Shocker’s shoots, ‘The score was 3 tol. ‘ New Orleans turned out a big crowd to see the teams and it was the Giants’ record crowd of their trip, ex- ceeding the attendance at Dallas whon they were beaten by the Indians. Sallee showed encouraging form in the last four innings. The jast time out he was hit hard, but to-day he gave only two hits and no Brown got beyond second on him. ‘Arthur Nehf pitched five innings and Britons Offer Rickard $500,000 For Big Fight An eleventh hour offer of a $500,000 purse by a group of English sportsmen for the Dempsey-Carpentier world's championship contest was announced here to-night by Walter C. Percival, American representative. ‘The group headed by Solly Joel, Brit- igh financier and sportsman, it was stated, desire to hold the contest at the Olympia Club, Lendon, the last week of June or at the Epsom Downs rac: track the day after the English Derby, when thousands of Europeans will be in London. Tex Rickard, who is expected this week ¢o announce a site for the con- test, will be tendered the offer morrow by Mr, Percival. Mr, Rickard would have absolute charge of the ar- Tangements and would be guaranteed Wefers came on with his ploughing strides and won the race comfortably, we always remembered that race as the closest test Bernie was ever put to, Without the foolish cap Maybury it have beaten Wefers or com- him to run in something like ing figures which through Lloyd's | againat loss by bad weather, injury to the boxers or in any other manner, |X Percival declared, He added that the main purposg of the en was to obtain the bout for and that there was no desire ‘oft for themselves, held et the Olympia snore than 16,000 uis Americans gaye the Browns only three hits, tiring Sister twice on infield ‘The second of these gave croft a chance to mat with a-barehand stop a0 They have to throw the the Browns’ star. Bayne pitched’ one frame and was very lucky. He passed Bancroft on a hit and run play, Monroe missed the ball and Dave was caught sliding to first. Then Monroe walked and Young beat out a bunt, Kelly clipped one past Smith, who broke down and {t bounded right on the bag, enabling him to make @ force play. Urban Shocker, champion spitballer of the American’ League, took severe winishment in his six inninga on the ill, He gave eleven hits, but fine throws by ‘Tobin and Wetzel and poor base running by the Glants held the score ‘to three, Healthy wallops by Brown, Walker and Smith gave the Giants a run in the second. ‘Then with Smith on second and Walker on third, Severied gave them another with a bad throw to catch the, Giants’ catcher napping at second. In the fourth Walker and Bmith ‘singled again, Nehf sacrificed them along and Burns brought In Walker with a safe hit to left. Smith should have scored too, but didn't get a start and had to stop at second. ————— KRAMER STILL WINS RACES AFTER 22 YEARS OF CHAMPIONSHIP RIDING Frank L. Kramer started his twenty- second year as a professional bicycle rider in a most auspicious inanner when he won the Mayor Gillen Stakes, a five- mile race, at the Velodrome in Newark yesterday before the largest crowd that ever packed its way in to see an open- ing meet at the Newark saucer, It was estimated that 20,000 fans turned out. Every seat was filled and thousands stood In the infield, Kramer made his bid a lap and a halt from home, At that time he was in eighth position, He shot field like a streak of lightning, and even Alf Goullet, looked upon as the greatest all-around bike rider in the country, could not hold him. Kramer gained the lead. a half lap from home and,raced to the tape a winner by five lengths, beat- ing out Pete Mocskops, the big Holland: er, Reggie McNamara, the sturdy dit tance star, and Alf ‘Goulet, the al around champion of America, in the or- | der named, ——————_—_. ROBINS TEAM ENTERS TIE FOR SOCCER CUP The soccer team of the Robins Dry Basin eleven by a score of 3 goals to 0 in Dock defeated the Tebo Yacht the Eastern semi-final United States Football Oup here before 7,000 enthusiasts at | morrow night, Jack Duffy of Chicago with Jack Yes: | ftone at Freenort, L 1., On April 1, and Har. meet jn Bidie Kelly will hak up with Phil Bloom Harrison Field, Harrison, N. J., terday afternoon, The Robins’ will the prices ‘rom $300 for # box seat tot ' ~ 7 thre Seullin Steel thall Club in the final round for the National Challen: "Trophy. in oe around the The game will be played with. Ohi on Ag 16. Lameence loves uo time in ‘weeks, ‘posaibly in Harrison, LIVE WIRES By Neal R. O’Hara. Coprright, 19%. ty The Prem Pubtisiing Co. (The New York Braing Werth) This is the season of the year when there is no such thing as the second division. The nimble baseball scribe, grabbing his free junch ir. the South and rolling his opium pills, sees naught but the badge of glory for the outfit ihe trails each day. In the spring a young man’s fancy, hut not 80 fancy as the imagination that spurs the correspondents as they chisel their daily drool. epee ‘Thu> the Philly experteers eee nothing but the Quakers and A's in a duel next autumn. The spat fanciers from Broadway are pre-alibi-ing thé Giants and the Yanks. Even the Washington baseball savants have inhaled the elixir of the new administration and claim the pennant for Griffmen by right of eminent domain. aesaer It's a funny thing, but a guy that's on an expense account writes $6 | a day for every two bucks he epends for a room, and $3 for every $1 meal ; he spears in the grud salon. Likewise in the apen spaces he sees .200 ‘hitters where rookies swish the air, and gold-plated finds where tin cans | cavort on the sward. In the days of spring madness ye frothing scribe | eats, drinks and is nutty, for to-morrow he traits with a tail-end outfit. mee will never dent the turf of a big league park. They all look good when the telegraph tolls are a cent and a half a ward to tell about ‘em. But when the season blooms and the base hits count in the official score, the diamond find turns out to be quartz. There are big league players in the training season who are funnier to look at than Nick Altrock. | Many are the rookies tenting to-night on the ald camp ground who | It was learned to-day from a re- able source that the boxing show Angie Ratner, who displayed so mach dem in ‘his tenconnd go with Jack Stone, the loral mid- |staged at Madison Square Garden ‘last Monday night, at which Willie Jackson and Rockey Kansas fought the main bout, netted $56,623.69 to the Irish Relief Fund. The Madison Square Garden Sporting Club tumed over to the committee in charge of the affair $56,623.69, which imcluded the contributions donated by fighters, their managers and others. In addition to this sum the proceeds received from the sale of cartoons figured up $3,000, which brought the total receipts so far up to the above stated amount, Gene ‘Tunney, the local light heavyweight, ia at Springs, i Te i i ii f j i z EF gf is, il iy Harlem Eddie Kelly fighte Paul Doyle at Worves- tor, Mags, 10 @ decision, in & ten-round bout to- if : Pittetargh will enakn Georg Chaner, the knockout will try to add another K. 0, night, Ho will go against Billy Angelo of Pa, in tke feature bout of Olympia A. A. of Philadetyhts, California, the promising fighter, Danny Frish of Baitimore for eight rounds, two bouts ought bas been 90 succesful in cammetr handling the affetrs of Lieut. Harl Baird, the Joe Gorman, the featherweight of the Pacific | California featherweight, since he ys been figtt- Coast, mects Frankie Eitwards in the main bout |!" i the Kast, has takon another battler under of fifteen rounde at the Brosdway Dzhibition As |# menerement. ‘The fighter is Malty Crom. the foviation, ‘Broukiyn, to-migft. Hay Weat «nests | 28 middiewelent, Cross is « trother of Wallach, Gwhy Geohen ia the eemidinal of ten rounds, | 284 now that Marty has decided to train faithfully ‘At the same cig, on April ¢, Marl Baird will go| 5 Powe hie bvether bas aererd to lect after against Benny MoOvy of Baltimore in the feature | hin, ie @ at taftecn rounds. Ske Ditiens tao Beastie ayo engag) in two fights im the near future. fo will be played with Bobby Dayle at Pittsfield, Maes... on Wednesday night, and his encond Eddie Botin for tn rounds at one of the mows lantic Averae, Brooklyn, tomorrow night, Mooney of New York mocts Bushy Graham in the eomi-final, Matctenaker (Welsmantel ha three other good bouts slated for the same éhow, ae eenaarene AMERICAN AND CANADIAN Norval Baptie, Canadian champion, and Everett McGowan of St. Paul, meet to-night in a series of races at the 15lst Street Ice Palace. ‘The first rece will be a quarter-mile scratch event; the half-mile will be skated pursuit style, and the mile, the last race to be contested, ie another seratch event. x the International Amateur Championship of 1920, but at the start of this year's skating season decided to turn pro, and as such has met with marked suocess this past win- } Pete Herman at New Orteans, who Georgie Adame of Chicago in lems | at the Oontral Menbettan Sporting day wight, will try to put tious local boxer in « bout at ing Ol on Wednesday might, —perd ter. match of the George Lawrence has matched Fredktie Jacks to Baptie won the ries skated last ‘Assooiation's | meet Hany “Kid Brown at Portland, Me, to-|week in Philadelphia, with @ total point score of 2%, MoGowan finis second with 19, and Ben O'Sickey third with 16. ‘The contest to-night closes the speed pkating races for, the y Rane the fans ir tast impse ie kn ot"the steel blade is Dodgers Make Weak Showing in Practice Games NEW ORLEANS, March Brooklyh Dodgers returned to this city after an absence of five days. This afternoon they clash with the St Louis American League Club, which they will also meet to-morrow. Rob- bie’s National League champions, though they have improved somewhat in their playing, enter upon their last week of training in a condition about 78 per cent. worse than they were at this time in Jacksonville a year ago. Brooklyn fans cannot find any conso: lation ‘in the results of the games Played to date. Winning blank con- teste out of eleven staged is far from 28.—The | + | John Miljus. START IN FINAL ICE RACE.) « satisfactory for a championship ball club. The weather conditions at New Orleans can be blamed mostly for the dismal playing of the Dodgers. What club could make a decent showing when the damp atmosphere hampers the pitchers from getting into shape? New Orleans, though a record crowd turned out for the Dodgers-Yanks games, is far from being an édeal training camp, and the Dodgers were surely unfortunate when they selected this city to do their conditioning in, There is little or no chance of the Brooklyn Club returning here next year. Robbie would refuse to listen to any plea that may be made in de- fending the Crescent City. The Dodgers are the laughing stock in the South. Their defeat yesterday can omly be accounted for by the poor pitching of Clarence Mitchell and Neither of the two dia anything worth while with the ex- ception of allowing Balbe Ruth to get a couple of circuit clouts. Pete Kilduff is the home run king of the National League Champions. He made another homer yesterday off Bob Shawke; Celtics Score First Win for Local Net Title Swept off their feet in the opening halt of the first interborough battle ever staged, the Original Celtics fought back in the second period last night and, after the scare was tied seven times, took the lead in the last two minutes of play and turned what looked like a sure victory for the Brooklyn Pros imto defeat by 49 to 46. More than 7,000 fans went away feeling certain they had seen one of the best court struggles of the year, No such a bitter tattle had ever been seen before in the Tist Regi- ment Armory, and eo euger were the champions to annex that battle that they ripped Andy Soulle out of the line-up and rushed Barry in to pair with Beckman. It was, strategy that proved successful, for the Celtics took a brace and snatched the game out of the fire. The first test showed the teams to be about evenly matohed, The big, aggressive five from across the Jast River had the champions slowed to a walk in the first half, The pace was terrific, and toward | the end of the game the challengers were considerably slowed down, but only a shade more so than the Cel- 08. In team work, offensive and de- fensive strength the Pros showed surprising form. Most of the honors of the ‘went to them, though it was their ill luck to be nosed out at the finish after showing one of the best attacks seen here this season, piace A dala THIELMAN BEST GUNNER. Interesting shooting brought to « close the March events at the traps of the New York Athletic Club yesterday. ‘The high scratch and the high handicap gunner of the day was W. Gu Allen, who had a card of 98—2—100. As he could not take both cups the handicap trophy went to R. R. Debacher with a card, of 99. H. J. Thielman won a leg on the Buermeyer Gup with a score of 49 out of a possible 60 targets, The di success of a ball team, and it is @ thing the Yankees lacked last year. in 1920 the New Yorkers played under the impression that it was nothing short of impertinence for Washington, Boston, é&c., to win a game from them—that the Sox and Senators edged in and won quite a good batch—enough to force the Yanks into third place. The Hugmen will start their season against the same clubs this year, but with a vastly different spirit. They now look upon the other Hastern teams as things rather to be feared— at least until the Yanks have pitted up an insurmountable lead. The Ath- letics are next team after the Yanks in early spring favoritism, and this choice probably will prove accurate. Huggins will face this aggregation in seven out of his first eight games. He says he will drive his men at*top apeed—will get every ounce of “feath- ers” he can collect before he strikes the hard board beds of the West. Huggins's only problem from now on is to decide wisely just how to line up his strength. His reserves are so nearly the equal of hig first line, and some reserves and some first liners are so versatile that the midget lead- er never knows: just how to play his pawns. He won't know either until the very minute the umpire in chier asks him for his batting order for the opening game. With the release last Saturday ot Eddie Grassick, catcher, and Bruce Hitt, pitcher, the squad was reduced to thirty men. Only five more wit! have to go, and these not necessarily until May 16. SKINNER MAY BE RELEASED SOON. Camp Skinner, an inflelder, is/the only player likely to be released be- fore the team starts North next Fri- day. He is the only one, too, whe will go without a string attached. Ray French and Jack Glifford will be cut from the list at some future. date, but will be sent out uncer optional agreements. The four-cernered baa- tle among Wingo, Hawks, Connolly and Christensen for two second string outfield berths is the only fight undecided. Although the race is close, Wingo and Hawks have something of an edge. The whole quartet, thougn. probably will struggle until the time limit for pruning expires ‘The only weak feature about Hawks ig his throwing arm. If Huggins can develop this boy's wing, another out- field star is ready to begin writing brilliant history in the box score. Hawks played three startling games against Brooklyn over the week-end ‘On the base lines and in the field he is a veritable streak of unleashed lightning. He rung out infield taps and takes extra bases on regular ticks with unbeltevable speed, and he gathers in drives on every side of him in centre field Rookies shine in the spring, but they don't run any faster than at any other time. To accomplish the feats of Hawks one has to possess almost unlimited speed, and that is just as telling an asset in the American League ae in the Western Canadian— just as effective in July as in April ‘As the spirit of the Yankees rises that of the Dodgers falls. Uncle Rob- bie’s crew gained unbelievably in morale when the Yankees fell in the first of a three-game series here. All of the good work was undone and more, though, when the Yankees slaughtered the Robins on Saturday and Sunday. The «cores were 16 to 2 and 17 to 3 respectively. Exhibition games don't count in the standing of the clubs, but they do help a poor club think it is good. Ana this thought sometimes produces a good early season spurt, as the case of the 1920 Robins proved. Carl Mays and Bob Shawkey worked with machine-like precision yesterday. The Robins got three hits and as many runs off Bob in four frames and obtained five safeties and no runs off Carl in five. Uncle Robbie's disrupted pitching staff was ren asunder even more yesterday. Clarence Mitchell got by for an inning, but stepped into a double, a triple, a home run and three singles in the second. These, with three bases on balls, netted Huggins eight runs and Robbie sent for Miljus. The former ‘Toledo wonder was greeted with crashing blows on all sides. The Yanks netted five runs from six hits in the third, but eased up a bit thereafter and let’ Miljus fin- ish. he total off him was ‘thirteen hits and nine runs in six innings. The Yanks got twenty hits, which were good for a total of thirty-seven bases, Ruth and Schang ran a race for home run honors and tied at two each. Ruth got no hits other than his homers, but scored a third run after working Mitchell for a base on bails. Pete Kilduff knocked the ball over the fence in the fourth for his third homer of the series, and third, prob- ably, of hit: life. ‘The series now stands six games to one in favor of the Yanks. The only wonder is how the Robing got that one es LEWIS TO TRAIN HERE FOR MATCH WITH PESEK. Bd (Strangler) Lewts, heavyweight champion wrestler, {s on hts way here from his home in California to complete his training for the title bout against John Pesek of Nebraska, which will be heli at the 7ist Regiment Armory a week from to-nigit, ‘The bot grill mark the first appvrance here of Lewis since he lifted the title from Joa Btecher, Lawis has engaged In several matches in various parts of the country and his string of victories has been. uninter rupted, A noteworthy incident in con- nection with his out-of-town matches has ‘been the elimination of the cham nion's dreaded headlock J Plonger Sporting, ciephone Sadinon aquarss0s Wednesday Night, 15 rounds to « decision, w Spencer. Oud, 140 Bast 24th se, Pete Herman vs. le cer, Adm. $2. Res. §3. Ringside $5 tance handicap went to F. A. Halas, shi 24 out of « possible wot’ trom: the 20-yard momrk. BOWLING & BILLIARD ac, THUM (i thospwar, ‘Gncnee hues ws ”