The evening world. Newspaper, September 18, 1920, Page 4

a ee “ a a et a a é THE CPYENANT @F THE LPAGUE OF NATIONS. ‘The High. ‘ontracting -artios, in oreer to promote international G-operation 4.4 to achieve mternational ocace and security: by the acceptance of obligations mot to resort to wai, by the proscription of Open, just and honouradie relations between nations; by Lhe Arm estab- lishment of the understandings of international law as the actual rule of conduct among Governments, and by the maintenance of justios ead & scrupulous respect for ali treaty obligations in the dealings ‘Of organized peoples with one another, agree to this Covenant of the ARTICLE 1, 7s ided that all its international ol r this Covenant shall have i ARTICLE 3. tal it, Assembly shall cousin of Representatives of the Menibers of Assenibly sha}! meet at stated Intervais and from affecting the peace of the world, At meetings of the Assembly each Member of the League #hall have one vote, and mhy have not more than three Representatives. ' ARTICLE 4. ‘The Counct! shall consist of Representatives of the Principal and Associated Powers, together with Ropregentatives of jer Members of the League, These four Members of the League See Gene Wy. the pra yf poe time ie time in ane appointment e resentatives of the Members of the League first selected by the Assembly, Representa- tives of Belgium, Brazil, Spain and Greece shal! be members of the Council. With the approval of the majority of the Assembly, the eer doy: Oper) additional Members of the League whose Repre- bers pf the Council; the Council with number of Membere of the League to # ‘The Council may deal at ius meetings with. of action of the League or affecting the Ph ed resented on the bly or by he Council! and may be decided by es of the Members of the League represented at the moeting. ‘The meeting of the Assembly and the first meeting of the Council shall be summoned by the President of the United States of America. ARTICLE 6 ‘The permanent Secretariat shal! be established at the Seat of the League. The Secretariat shall comprise a Secretary General and such neoretaries and staff as may be required. The first Secretary General weal) be the person named in the Annex; thereafter the Secretary Gen- era) ghal) be appointed by the Council with the approval of the ma- Jority of the Assembly. The secretaries and staif of the Secretariat shall be ited by the Secretary General with the approval of the Council. Secretary General shall act in that capacity at all ‘Meotings of the aa G and the Council, The expenses of the Secretariat whull be ¢ the Mombers of the League tn accordance with the rtionment of the expenses of the Inter- : jniversal Postal Union, ARTICLE 7. , The Beat of the League ts entablished at Genevg, The Councti May at any time decide that the Seat of the League shall be estab- Uahed elsewhere. Al! positions under or in connection with the i i i 5 Secretariat, shall be open equally to mep ntatives of the ‘Members of the League and when engaged on the business of the League privileges and immunities, The buildings and upied by the League or its officials or by Repre- its meotings shall be inviolable, ARTICLE 4, ‘The Members of the League recognise that the maintenance of requires the reduction of national armaments to the lowest Point consistent with national safety and the enforcement by com: men action of international obligations, The Council, taking account jcographical situation and circumstances of each State, shall plans for such reduction for the consideration and action of Bi | ir Ee thé severai Governments, Such plans shall be aubject to reconsidera- ton and revision at least every ten years, After these plans shall have been adopted the several Governments, the limits of arme- i not be exceeded without the concurrence of Connell. Members of the League agree that the manufacture “private enterprise of munitions and implements of war is open to Objections. The Counetl shal! advise how the evil effects at- tendant upon such manufacture can be prevented, due regard being to the necessities of thoxe Members of the League which are not to manufacture the munitions and implements of war necessary a their safety. The Members of the League undertake to inter- full and frank information as to the scale of thelr arma- ments, their military, naval and air programmes end the conditions of euch of their industries ag are adaptable to war-like purposes. ARTICLE 9, a emt Commission sball be constituted to advise the Coun- cn on execution of the provisions of Articles 1 and 8 and on mill- tary, naval and air questions generally. ARTICLE 10. lembera of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against external ageression the territorial integrity and existing poltt- of all Members of the League, In case of any such 5 ? E 3 | _ TEAR OUT THIS PAGE AND KEEP IT! * ageression or in case of any threat or danger of sich aggresaion the Count... ghall advise upon the means by which tnis obligation shall be fulfilled, ARTICLE 11, Any war or threat of war, whetner immediately eny of or convern Wo the whole League, and the League shall take any action that may be deemed wise and efiecwal to safeguard the mations. In case any such emergency should arise the Genera! shali on request of any Member of the League forthwith summon & meeting of the Council. it is also declared to friendly right of each Member ef the~Leagse to bring attention of the Assembiy or of the Council any circumstance whatever affecting international. relations which threaten to dis- 'b international peace or the good understanding between nations upon which peace depends, ARTICLE 12. ne mg 2 Mag Dh ae Al a a Aleit between them any dispute Likely Ww to a rupture they will submit the matier einer to arbitration or to juiry by Council, aud they ugree in m0 case to resort to war until three Months after the awaid by the arbitrators or the report by the Council, Im any case yador this Articie the award of the arbitrators shall be made wii & reasonable time, and the report of the Council shall be ihade within six months after the submission of the dispute. ARTICLE 13, The Members of the League agree that whenever ang dispute shall arise between them which they :ecoguise to be suitable for sub- mission to arpitradion and which cannot be satisfactorily settied by ‘diplomacy athey will submit the wholo subject-matter to arbitration. Disputes as to the interpretation of u treaty, as to any question of interputional law, as to (he existeace of any fact which if estabiished Would constitute a breach of any intersational obligation, or as to the extent and naiuie of the reparation to be made for any such breach, are declared to be among those which are geuerally suitable for sub- Mission to arbitrauon. For the consderation of any wach dispute the court of arbitration to which the case ia referred shal! be the Court agreed on by the parties to the dispute or stipulated in any convention existiug between them. The Members of the League agree that they will carry out.in full good faith any award thai may be rendered, aad Ubat they will not resort to war aga.nst a Member of the League which compiles therewith. In the event of any faiiure tO carry out such an ‘@ward the Council shall propose what steps should be taken to give effect thereto, ARTICLE 14, The Council shall formulate and submit to the Members of the League for adupuon plans for the establishment of a Permanent Court of Internauional Justice. The Court shail be competent to hear and determiue any dispute of an international character which the Partics thereto submit to it, The Court may also give an advisory opinion upon any dispute or question referred to it by the Courcil or by the Assembly, . ARTICLE 15. If there should arise be.ween M of the League any dis- pute likely to lead to a rupture, which is not submitted to arbitra. Uon in accordance with Article 13, the Members of the League agree that they will submit the matter to the Council, Any party to the dispute may effect such submission by giving notice of the existence of the dispute (o the Secretary Geneal, who will make all necessary arrangements for @ full investigation and consideration thereof. For this pur} the parties to the dispufe will communicate to the Secretary Geheral, as promptly as possible, statements of their case with ali the relevant facts and papers, and the Council may forthwith direct the publication thereof. The Council shall endeavor to effect a settlement of the dispute, and If such efforts are successful @ state mept shail be made public giving such facts and explanations regard- ing the dispute and the terms of settlement thereof as the Council may deem appropriate. If the dispute ts not this settled, the Counci! either unanimously or by a majority vote shall make and publish a report containing a statement of the facts of the dispute and the recommendations which are deemed just and proper in regard thereto. Any Member of the League represented on the Council may make public @ statement af the facts of the dispute and of its conclusions regarding the same. If a report by the Council {s unanimously agreed to by the membera;thereof other than the Representatives of one or’ more of the parties'to the dispute, the Members of the League agree that they wil) not gd to war with any party to the dispute which com- plies with the recontmendations of the report. If the Council falls te reach a report which is unanimously agreed to by the members thereof, other than the Representatives of one or more of the parties to the dispute, the Members of the League reserve to themselves the right to take such action as they shall consider necessary for the maln~ tenance of right and justice. If the dispute between the parties la elatmed by one of them, and ts found by the Council, to arise out of @ matter which by international law is solely within the domestic Jurisdiction of that party, the Council shall so report, and shall Make no recommendation as to {ts settlement, The Counc] may in any case under this Article refer the dispute to the Assembly. The dispute shall be so referred at the request of either party to the dis- rovided that such request be made within fourteen days after binission of the dispute to the Council. In any case referred to the Assembly, all the provisiong of this Article and of Article 12 re- lating to the action and powers of the Counct! shall apply to the action and powers of the Assembly provided that a report made by the As- sembly, if concurred in by the Representatives of those Members of the League represented on the Council and of a majority of the other Members of the League, exclusive In each case of the Representatives of the parties to the dispute, shal! have the same force a8 a report by the Council concurred in by all the members thereof other than the Representatives of one or more of the parties te the dispute, ARTICLE 16, Should any Member of the League resort to war tn dl rd of tts covenants under Articles 12, 13 or 15, it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed an act of war against all other Members of the League, which hereby undertake Immediately to@subject it to the severance of all trade or financial relations, the prohibition of all intercourse between their nationals the nationals of the covenant-breaking State and the preve: n of all financial, com- mercial or personal intercourse between the nationals of the covenant- Dresking State and the nationals of any other State, whether a mem- ber of the League or not, It shal) be the duty of Counetl in such case to recommend to the several Governments concerned what effective military, naval or air force the Members of the League shall severally contribute to the armed forces to be used to protect the covenants of the League, The Members of the League agree, further, that they will mutually support one another in the financial and economic measures which are taken under this Article, in order to minimise the loss and inconvenience resulting from the above measures, and that they will mutually support one another in resisting any special measures almed at one of their numer by the covenant: breaking State, and that they will take the necessary steps to afford passage through thelr territory to the forces of any of the Membere of the League which are co-operating to protect the covenants of the League. Any Member of the League which has violated any covenant of the League may be declared to be no longer 4 Membor of the League by a vote of the Counct! concurred In by Representatives of all the other Members of the League represented therenn. ARTICLE 17. In the event of a dispute between a Member of the Learue and s State which Is not a Member of the League, or between States not Members of the League, the Stete or States not Members of the League shall be invited to accept the obligations of membership in he League for the purpose of such dispute, upon such conditions as the Council may deem just. If such invitation is accepted, the pro- visions of Articles 12 to 16 inclusive, shall be applied with sugh mod- ifications aa may be deemed necessary by the Council, Upon such in- aN ms For the Intelligent Citizen and Voter Who Prefers to Study so Momentous on Issue at First Hand THE EVENING WORLD Presents Herewith the Complete - COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF Embodied in the Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles, June 28, 1919 NATIONS ition being given the Counc!! shall immediately institute an inquiry rounsiances of the dispute aud recominena avch action a@ ‘oom best and most effectual in the circymetances, If a State Wited shall refuse to accept the obligations of membership League for the purposes of such dispute, shall resort to Member of the League, the provisions of Article 16 bie as against the State taking buch action. If both to the dispute when so invited refuse to the ol Membership in the League for the purposes.of such dispute, Council may take such measures and make such recommenda! 48 will prevent hostilities and will result im the settlement of SgtGEteEe LHe a2 getEsS = ARTICLE 18. He Secretariat and shall 48 avon as possible be published by it, No such treaty or international engagement shali be binding until so regie- iy ARTICLE 19, i ‘The Assembly from time to time advise the reconsideration by Membeys'of the League of treatios which have become inapplicable and the consideration of international conditions whore continuance might endungey the peace of the world, . « ARTICLE 20. ‘The Members of the League severally agree that this Covenant is accepted as abrogating all obligations or understandings inter’ se wich are inconsistent with the terms thereof, and solemnly un- dertake that they will not hereafter enter into ahy engagements in- Consistent with the terme thereof. In case any Member of the League shall, before becoming a Meurber of the League, have undertaken a obligations inconsistent with the terns of this Covenant, It shall 4 the duty of such Member to take immediate steps to procure its re tease from such obligations. ARTICLE 21. Nothing in this Cover#nt snail be deemed to Bffect the validity of International engagements, such a8 treaties of arbitration or re- gional anderstandiiigs like the Monroe Doctrine, for securing the maintenance of peace. ARTICLE 22. To those colonies and territories which asa consbquence of the late War have ceased to.be under the sovereignty of the States which formerly governed them and which are inhabited by peoples not yet able to stand by themselves under the strenuous conditions of, the modern world, there should be applied the principle ‘that the well- being and development of such peoples form a sacred trust of ofvilisation and that se>urities fur the performance of this trust should be embodied in this Covenant. The best method of giving prac- tieal effect to this principle is iat Lhe tutelage of sucn peoples should be entrusted to advanced nations who by reason of their resources, their experience or their geographical position can best undertake this responsibility, and who are willing to accept it, and that this tutelage should be exercised by them as Mandatories gn behalf of the, League, The character’of the mandate must differ according to the stage of the devélopment of the people, the geographical situation of the territory, its economic conditions and other similar ¢ireumstances. Certain communities formerly belonging to the Turk- ish Empire heve refiched a stage of development where their existence as independent nations can be provisionally recognised subject to the rendering of administrative advice and asgisiance by a Mandatory untt! such time as they are able to stand afohe. The wishes of these communities must be a principal consideration tn the selection of the Mandatory. : Other peoples, especially, those of Central Africa, are at euch a stage that the Mandatory must be responsible for the administration of the territory under conditions which will guarantee freedom of conscience and religion, subject only to the maintenance of public order and morals, the prohibition of abuses such as the slave trade, the arms traffic, and the liquor, traMc, and the prevention of the establishment of fortifictition’*of“inilitary atid naval bases and of military training of the natives for other than police purposes and the defence of territory, and wil! also secure equal opportunities for the trade and commerce of other Members of the League. There are territories, 6: as South-West Afri nd certain of the South Pacific Ialands, which, owing to the sparseness of \ueir population, or their amall size, or their remoteness from the centres of civilisation, or thelr geographical contiguity to the territory of the Mandatory, and other circumstances, can be best administered under the laws of the Mandatory as integra! portions of its territory, subject to the safe- guards above mentioned in the interests of the Indigenous popelation, In every case of mandate, the Mandatory shall render to the Council an annual report in reference to the territory committed to {ts charge. The degree of authority, control, or administration to be exert'*rd vy the Mandatory shall, if not previously agreed upon by the Memoers of the League, be explicitly defined In each case by the Counct!. A per- manent Commission shall be constituted to receive and examine the annual reports of the Mandatories and to advise the Council on all matters relating to the observance/of the mandates, ARTICLE 23. Subject to.and 1 accordance with the provisions of international convention# existing or hereafter to be agreed upon, the Members of the League: (a) will endeavor to secure and maintain fair and humane cond!tions of labour, for men, women and children, both in thelr own countries and In all countries to which their commercial and industrial relations extend, and for that purpose will establishy and maintain the necessary international organisations; (b) under- take to secure just treatment of the native {nbabitants of territories under thetr control; (c) will entrust the League with the general supervision over the execution of agreements with regard to the traffic in women and children, and the traffic in opium and other dangerous Grugs; (¢) will entrust the League with the general supervision of the trade in arms and ammunition with the countries in which the control of this trafic | essary in the common interest; (¢) will make pro- yision to secure and, maintain freedom of communications and of transit and equitable treatment for the commerce of all Members of the League. In this connection the special necessities of the regions devastated during the war of 1914-1918 shall be borne in mind; (1) will endeavor to take steps in matters of intennational concern for the prevention and contro! of disease. ARTICLE 24. There shall be placed under the direction of the League all international bureaux already established by general treaties if the -partien to such treaties consent. All, such International bureaux and all commissions for the regulation of Matters of international interest hereafter constituted shall be placed under the direction of the League. In all matters of international interest which are regulated by general conventions but which are not placed under the control of interpationa! bureaux or commissions, the Setretartat of the Léague shall, subject to the consent of the Counce!! and if desired by the par- tles, collect and distribute all relevant Information and sball render any other assistance which may be necessary or dosirable, The Council may include as part of the expenses of the Secretariat the expenses of any bureau or commission which is placed under the direction of the League. ARTICLE 25. The Members of the League agree to encourage and promote the establishment and co-operation of duly authorised voluntary national Red Cross organisations having as purposes the improvement of health, the prevention of disease and the mitigation of suffer- ing throughout the world jus ARTICLE 26. ‘ Amendments to this Covenant will take effeet when ratified by the Menihers of the League whose Representatives compose the Council! and by a majority of the Members of the League whose Represen'atives composé the Assembly No such amendment #ha'l bind any Member of the Leagve which signifies Its dissent there- from, but in (hat case it shall cease to be a Member of the League. To Promote Better and: Wider Understanding of the Covenant THE EVENING WORLD will Print in Instalments on Its Editorial Page A PRIMER OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS ._ . in Which EVERY Article of the Covenant Will Be Explained and Discussed in Simple Terms, War Keep this page, cut out the Primer instalments as they appear, and you will ry —_ With Special Attention to Those Articles Which Have Been Chief Subjects of Controversy have « Completa, up-to-date axpesition of the League for ready reference. “Oa \ ;