The evening world. Newspaper, March 4, 1919, Page 22

EDITORIAL PAGE| Tuesday, March 4, 1 ESTABLISHED BY JOSEPH PULITZER, is 1 wy creat (The New York Evening Worl.) Pre bi Bubtisted Dally Mrcept Sunder by ihe Frese Publishing Compeny, Nos, 68 th RALPH PULIT Presidont, 63 Park Row, . |. ANGUS SHA a sodA OLA teesiats OR on, ER OF THE ARSOCTATED PRI ‘MEMB: mas, Pe a Ry ee Sy Ee RT IT NEVER FAILS US. oo PON the highly constructive, enlightened and helpful criticista | ; which Republican Senators have been contributing toward | i the realization of a League of Nations, Senator Sherman of Hlinois could of course be trusted to set the capstone of eloquence, wisdom, balance and broadly progressive statesmanship: ‘a “If we cut the cables of constitutional government here (by 8 accepting the proposed covenant) we are caught in the irresist- ible tides that will sweep us into the maelstrom of the Old f World's bloody currents, The feuds and spoliations of « i thousand years will become our daily chart of action. All we can know is that a few men in some hidden chamber known as the Executive Council wield over us powers of life and death.” ry Turn back a hundred and thirty years and listen with the patriot: | a of those day “I see it pregnant with the fate of our liberties. I see it entails wretchedness on my posterity—slavery on my children,” I beg the indulgence of this honorable body to permit me to make a short apostrophe to Liberty. O Liberty! thou great- 4 est good! thou fairest property! with thee I wish to live—with os thee I wish to die! Pardon me if I drop a tear on the peril to a 2 which she is exposed. I cannot, sir, see this brightest of jewels A tarnished—a jewel worth ten thousand worlds; and shall we part with it 60 soon? Oh, no!” i “A monster!” “It originates in mystery and must terminate in despotism.” “The evil genius of darkness presided at its birth.” “Flagrant, audacious conspiracy against the liberties s of a free people.” “Darkness, duplicity and studied ambiguity Fs running through the whole.” “As it now stands but very few | a] individuals do or ever will understand it.” “You might as well attempt to rule hell by prayer!” ‘Thus valiant Lawrence Y. Shermans of an earlier day, turning on the floods of gloom and foreboding to warn their fellow country- | men against what? The present Constitution of the United States. | This breed of statesmen never fails us, | ——-++-——____ MONOPOLY’S GRIP ON HARD COAL. | HE statement in which the Chairman of the Senate Manufac- | a tures Committee put into the Congressional Record yester- | M day the results of the committee’s investigation—so far as | it had time to pursue it—of conditions which govern the production | ', and marketing of anthracite coal in the United States, contains | f matter as interesting to the public as it should be to the next| 4 Congress. , That eight companies control %2 per cent. of the anthracite production and dictate the prices at which anthracite coal is sold; that transportation companies are in the mining business despite the | fact that this is expressly forbidden by the Constitution of the State | — of Pennsylvania where the mines‘are located; that the big coal com-! How They Made Good By Albert Payson Terhune Copyright, 1919, by the Press Publishing Co, (The New York Evening World) NO, 4—ROWLAND HILL, Who “Set Mankind to Writing 9 R. ROWLAND HILL'S new-fangled notion of pasting stamped labels on mail matter has to-day set man kind to writing letters.” So ran a sneering newspaper comment, printed May 6, 1840, It was the latest of many thousand sneers hurled at Rowland Hill, a man who is half forgotten but to whom the world owes a debt it can never repay. Letter writing, or, rather, letter sending, was @ tedious and costly and uncertain task all over then civilized earth until this gwius tackled the problem and made good. In the first place, there were no such things as envelopes, Letters were folded and inclosed in an outer sheet of paper, which was insecurely sealed with a fragile red wafer or with wax. The address was written og this outside sheet, or in the case of a short letter, on the back of the flote itself. Sometimes a long letter had no enveloping sheet at all, but was addressed on the reverse side of the final page. By pinching the sheets It was possible for any outsider to get a fairly complete look at the inner contents of the epistle. The person sending the letter did not have to pay the postage. That must be paid by the recipient. And an exorbitant price it was likely to be. For postage was not charged by weight, bat by © the number of pages and hy distance to be travelled, } Very Costly. ad @ letter was to go the cost r Was the anannnronnoinnn For instance, to send a one-page letter from Edinburgh to London cost 27 cents; a two-page letter, for the same route, cost 54 cents; a three-pager, 81 cents, and so on, the recipient footing the bill, whether he wanted to or not, In the United States we had a lower scale of charges; our schedula being six cents for thirty miles or less, with a running increase up to 18% cents for 400 miles, and a flat rate of 25 cents for every distance above that. But, both here and in Europe, postage was a terrific overhead charge in all business houses. And many people could not afford to receive pr vate letters from friends at a distance. People bore the cruel expense bi- cause they had to, No one had had the wit to suggest anything better Then Roland Hill, a British schoolteacher, announced in print tha with the help of one James Chalmers, had worked out system wher postal rates could be cut down to the bone and stil @ fair profit on the deal, As with most great :eforms, Hjll's propositions awoke a univ howl of ridicule. But Hill was too sure of the mathemat his facts to be halted by the ter of the ignors mathematician, And he had worked out the problem from every until he had proved its value, past all doubt. Having done this, he co tinued to pester the authorities until they gave him a fair hearing in Par. lament, There he proclatmed the fact that a two-page letter could be sent fror London to Edinburgh for 2 cents (instead of the former price of 54 cent at @ profit to the Government, He proved that the actual cost of send a letter was almost nothing, and that the real expense consisted in ex ve the Government al accuracy of He was an expe: pe ‘ ye ploying so many experts to compute distances, & wae % © proved that a flat rate om all letters Parliament Trys the only solution, und that the sender and not ‘t i Hill's Plan. recipient ought to pay it. Hil also suggested that a label (or stamp) pasted on the letter by the sender would prove the postage had been pu. and would save the bother and cost of collection at the other end. B | Government was disposed to reject the idea, But, little by little, the jat large became interested in it. And they forced Parli |two years the postal revenues had more than doubled. Seven ye All this sounds absurdly simple to readers nowadays. But to H hearers it seemed dumfounded in {ts audacious originality, ‘Tr jament to try it, 1840, the experiment was put into effect, Thus, on May 6 the United States adopted Hill’s plan, And presenti: followed su Hill had not only knighthood, a high-si every Dation had‘ made good on his life-work ed Government office and Dut he > received a & cash gift of $45,000, panies have a drastic system for discouraging independent operators; | - —— and that millions of tons of coal in culm banks h * choose to have this easily available coal washed out and brought | . ; 1a into the market—are the chief findings in the statement, leading to | D fi d lt M t a ~ the conclusion that the Government should intervene to regulate the | e en ing s as er i: price of coal in a way to insure a fair return to the mining companies | By Sophie Irene Loeb and at the same time “secure to the people of the United States an| ample supply of anthracite coal at reasonable prices.” Tt will be noted that the statement completely bears out the charges made by The Evening World as the result of its own investi- 'W the ‘hour is now before the| falthiessness in return. gation of conditions in the anthracite district—an inv. igation pny lcs a desde told aE Tecate eeteet eoeattalies which preceded and showed the need of the Senatorial action tha: | : followed. The “divine right” theory once openly proclaimed as the guiding principle of coal barons still flourishes in inner anthracite circles. The Sixty-sixth Congress can perform an important reconstrus- + tion service by going deeper into the problem of protecting the con- suming public from the effects of arbitrary “circular prices” and| limitation of output fixed from time to time at the imperial decree l, aati anthoectie-pechunese | his superb valor and his seeming In- | of the collie dog. difference toward self-sacrifice, When the couple came near the| The dog knows. He doesn't run OLD FRIEND COMPETITION. ‘house and did not hear the usual Joy- | Away and hide at the sign of dan, ful greeting of the dog they at once |but enters the fray in the interest TWENTY PER CENT. cut in restaurant prices of food was |became alarmed. So the husband |of his master. i eo Now York i i went in and told his wife to remain| And to how many lonely announ@ed in three New York hotels yesterday and others outeiae? si Abcam he been the boon Poaveantane the were reported ready for similar action, The brief story of the dog has been companion who saved them from in- Wholesale food prices are coming down. War is no longer a told as follows sanity and even suleide, | blanket excuse for scant food portions at sky prices. Competition begins to take more vigorous exercise, The hotel menu finds itself} through the Wilks home for clues, | dos. in the same class with the retail food dealer, Consumers must be |They found the burglars had been! Yet how many letters I have re- charged less or they go elsewhere, attacked by the dog, which had been |ceived from neighbors who tell about . < beaten and then ngled. The | the te arrival of a big \thieves had ansacked the|and how people have gone away for ten a meal in the dining | pleasure trips and lagt him to roam Copyright, 1919, by the Pree Publishing Co, (The New York Evening World.) Justice to Our Friends the Dumb Animals were confronted | so often found in the dumb brute, there is another | negle part of the trag-| “Over There” in the big war of edy that de-}men, faithful Fido was trained like serves attention | soldier to play his part in winning therewith, It is the story le has “While squads of police were Surely, if there is on arching the district, detectives went deserves care and protec beast that tion it is the " ‘ abuse that has been accorded him Cheering also was yesterday's news that t) fishing steamer with 300,000 pounds of fish had leisure caused a 40 per cent, | house and e drop in the retail price of fish in New York markete Now York |"20™ An empty whiskey bottle was |about and otherwise left to the winds ‘ of “lon the floor, Overturned chairs and |of chanex pousewives have found fish anything but “a POristyeubstitiite fon | necken furniture bore withers to the! 1 should like to see a law by which meat” at the prices New York fish dealers have been charging, Nor | Valiant fight put up by the dog.” such people could be properly pun- haye recurrent reports of a fish trust that throws goo harbor rather than let abundance lower prices been reassuring, Apparently the drop in fish prices, like the out prices, was primarily due to competition, : (Ae : Sa or leave | bas served in such good stead during rive yesterday ‘is said tc rare or go away for the summer leave s Brived hero y sterday is said to mark the of & | their cats or dogs to starve and are the winter, It behooves each of us big fish company in New York with plans to run vessels directly from |entirely unmindful of what will be- |‘ aD ® oe Ny Ay, take the the Newfoundland banks to this market, come of them nee that justi done to the faith: So hats off to competition, which consume Here is a brave animal that stood ful though sp less animals, of as mostly dead. May it flourish anc | when ead # sto’ eflected | ished, or someho 1 fish into the | When 1 read this story 1 reflected | ish r somehow t y could be \from now. when the stro in restaurant |become a problem for the will |4nd see how it feels, it! Hesides the dog, there is the burde initial appearance a le: a i | ts had learned to think: | yig ground in defending his master 1 wax stronger in our midst, [until they had to kill him, such a VERY LIKELY. ene eemeniomeseee emeerermnsmemmmeeeme, |Aght did he put up in the interest of SOCIALIST was talking at the the family, his friends, A Colony Club about — girls’ Letters From the Peo ple | When you think how easy it would sohools, lelebrate | “welcome home” to “our boy have been to run away at the first) “Ultra-fashionable girls’ schools I . good many will not report for busi. |S!6M Of danger, realizing that they don't like,’ she said. “They educate To the Bititor of The Evening World: Ress that day and there will be no| were intruders, you marvel at the|@ girl In everything put an education, In all the discussion of the home- heed fare , many cases fines wo housemaidS were talking and parade arrangements|%24, the loss of wages, and i about their mistress’s daughtew ces re PP ops ae ie i positions What is to be done? Our | who had just retur from one of reel. S89 various Dewan per rraeident is {rere mow and ‘soon will| did creature, commonly called @ cur, | ih ultra-fasbionable achools, y an-| sail again, ould not the suggest- more fortitu am What's the new course Miss Bouncement or suggestion for a halt|tion to him be approved so he's srenes de than many « Retarn ef Treo courage of the canine, nad even! Indeed, in this instance this splen- through shortage and famine because the coal pica gf yegel The Dog That Died The Romance of Words The Jarr Fa m il By James C. Y oung Copyright, 1819, by the Prens Publishing Co, (The New York Evening World.) Everyday Expressions Had Their Origin. 4 da. perhaps the most|name as whiskey into the much Aner! 66QVAY, pop, is Jess Willard and Now, superstitious men in the world. This is a natural result of their! glass of spirits is a “breath of life HILE the burglar tragedy of/and yet how often does he receive | ##1lous employment beneath the| although term of “spirits,” Taken literally, 4 s|Coming in the front room with @ por- | senso of fitness of things German mine work-|doubtless would resent the implica-|tion of the sporting page of an eve- ers, more than all others, are be-| tion, lievers in the supernatural. earth's surface. Another familiar word which talls| Very serious-minded gentleman n| prize fign: returning home,|that even forgets self-preservation, |‘his belief that we owe the names of |into this classification is enthusiasm, tfousers and undershirt Vash pe this, rather than to see his fath i |twWo metals numbered among the most) When we say that a man ts “fillcd| labelled “Willard as He Looks |important which the earth gives up, by burglars who] And yet organfZations are neces. |'POrta * ‘ P ara | tai Killed the wife,|sary in order to stop cruelty and|* The German miners have developed! is possessed by a god, for that is the} “He looks fit, that’s one Lee ae sey ;a mythology of elaborate ramifica-/meaning which the word had in {ts;MuUrmured Mr. Jarr, gazing & ‘And do you think," je|Picture. "A leetle fat according to|on calmly, }with enthusiasm” we assert that he| Day.” ‘tions, Two of the principal persun-| ” fellow’ ages of this mythology are Nickel and| then had the significance which we |e Picture, but fit. we cline sense of things becausp arded as a kind | more closely Peg yr rea rary || ay express to-day by the) oo asked the little boy eagerly.| |"Izzy Slavinsky says there ain't 69-/of him at all jing to be no fight.” |much as it will Greek form—enthusiasmes. fa Bonne ¢ ton | the Wik, |goblin, supposed to aid the mea in|term inspiration. And many a thrilling tale is told of |"elt work and to help protect their| Aspire also has a fine significance. Kobold is just the opposite— It is really one of the most forceful the incarnation of evil, The German, words in the English language, de- miners are resp@ptful to both and on riving from the Latin, adspiro, which certain days make little offerings to/ meant “to breathe toward, them, much as pagan people made to funner, striving to reach his goal, It is due to this supersij-|May be said to aspire or “breathe We have raised the word| to an even better usage than it had the latter, 4Mong the Romans, for aspire now th| Means the longing and striving for metals originally were discovered in| the noblest things in life, Bombast is a word having a wholly nt Meaning than these splendid But its story is no less in- Originally it was the name given to the cotton plant, fifteenth and sixteenth centuries its Product was in much favor as a pad- ding for outer doublet sometimes much ag six pounds of bombast in-| Again popular imag- |ination found a clever usage for a Any one given was called bastic fellow," implying that he was We have retained it 4s the description for braggarts, al- though the old idea of such a man being stuffed gradua From an Inventor's Notebook. NTLY patented sling for worn like a valuable metals be classed as a second-rater when Jeff-| of so-called good people named them for their deities, The spirit world has given us many words in every day usage. stance, this very word spirit interesting history, means “breath of life,"* transition it became the English word It has had a curious fu Nowadays we call many kind the name of “spirits, interrupting the flow of Mr, Jarr’s|hardly given In Latin, spiritus id g, Be tisienrae side the lining, jand @ generation a even more common, 0 this usage w | on the time to come only afew weeks | treated “like a dog” for a little while | It was given this your little boy?” what he tl whiskey is derived from a Gailic root, meaning “water of life,” fine stroke of the popular imagination The fish steamer that|!* '!4 tat many people who moye | bearer, the horse; also the cat that | full of stuffing. which converted such an awkward y has been lost. Spain claims to be supplying the world with more than three-fourihs of its olive oil, . injured arms Surplus ink is absorbed by a plece of blotting paper when pens are hung poll. downward on a new rack, ° . Small buildings ave being evected In Sweden with bricks made from peat, . ims a French- gen apparatus For reviving gas vi man has invented ox: Uiat can be carried in a man's pocket. eo 8 A patent has been issued for a pin Por collecting fallen leaves a rake has been patented sever|/scoop and with exceptionally long Java has spider that make webs so strong it requires a knife to ( ould fall nay alta ted Marie is taking?’ tho first’ maid it hou laim one? It ts due our boys. /"wnan sim z asked, What chance have the san: | Fhanking you'on' beled Gar eo | Truly ‘he has been welt named, |™ES vinx gaia the second maid, hers Say ite et you may “man's best fr.end.” think the name of it is cosmetics, "— matter, # OC, Faithfulness is bis prime attribute, | Wasbjugton Star, . * An electrically heated blanket for horses has been patented by a Minne. | ¢ ma. ‘i Motion pictures have been used 6x- ensively in Italy to teach illiterate voters how to prepare theig ballots, By Roy L. McCardell Copyright, 1919, by the Press Pab! Co. (The New York Eveaing Fighting Talk in Family Circles ” i w vel old on,” s Dempsey gonna fight?! me say a word, you think asked the little Jarr boy, would hurt the little boy's moral. respect fot |his parents and general outiook on ning paper bearing @ likeness of @/ life a great deal less if he saw o., on @ great occasion like fighting every day?" Edward Jarr, how cried Mrs, you Jarr in a hurt tone, y r. Jarre went it would injure the littid “Ain't there going to be no fEht,/ we simply discuss, in a matics of, * way, a topic he hears on all sid hours of the da ay hie to emphasize an¢ ‘Ob, I guess they'll fight all right.”| bring it strongly to. hte ait one “Willard can lck him, can't he,! viewing it as somethinm paw?” asked the little boy. “All our/ful, wicked and forbidding | gang says Willard can lick him." “Well, prize fight “[ can't see how he can lose,” sa!2/it has been forbid Mr, Jarr, critically. "“Dempsey's only | Mrs. Jarr, a couple 6f years younger than Will-| “I'm afraid the most of ard, At his best Dempsey would be|ness lies in the Ing ts terrible, and den by law," said ts wickeds misdirected efforts in denoune. ries and Sharkey and Fitzsimmons| ing it." said Mr “If you had and Corbett were fighting fights that] Just let me talk about the fight with Cara fanta, And ao, on the dope’ fellow and satisfied hig dward Jarr!" shouted Mrs, Jarr,|passing curio. he would have i ‘he matter a further hought, But now that you have fur« bidden me even to Jar ——|this little I've be sporting reminiscences. n | sitting here too astonish Peak to him about “You were never so astonished in/it and sent him from the room, 167 your life, then," murmured Mr. Jarr.| scold me for answ ‘ “] have been sitting here too aston-|or trying to ished to speak,” repented Mrs. Jarr,/am afraid you have made a priag not heeding the interruption. Aren't] fight of the utmost interest and im you ashamed of yourself, talking of! portance ¢ he boy, He's humag prize fighters and prize fighting to} ye a leaning toward nks is wicked." Well, no," replied Mr. Jarr, *What| “Not MY litle boy, I am proud to do you want me to talk to him about?) say!” cried Mrs, Jarr, “You always Ethical culture, mental science, knit~/seem to think he is bad, but I know ting tidies or the question ot basta better, Willie is a good little boy, precedence at the Peace Conference?" and I know as soon as I sald prisp “Oh, yo need os ae ie pare nae fighting was wicked he dismissed it that way.” re Mra. Jarr, from his mind.” know that prize fighting Is brutal and| “Let's see," sald Mr. Jarr, “qf degrading! And, say what you will,|took the pleture out with him “ you wouldn't like to see your little} ‘phey ‘looked out of the window boy witnessing § SURning melon be-land there was Master Willie Posing ia B. pases ee ae Hien wanna te according to the picture of “Willard first rate, if you want to know!” ro. |°* aie Aaa ene: We etme Mr. Jarr, somewhat nettlea, “1t| 82% Of Several youthful companions plied Mr. . P upon him Willie was by the ringside, and I was) wwe,” said Mrs, Jarr, “! beiieve ff cogataant of irl Preseann, fies there) with our Willie that Mr. Willard wet? too, wouldn't wid © to #8?) neat the other persons. Who are they?" ering his question, answer his question, 1 enough to leave the room!" com- —_-__ - manded Mrs, Jar, “I wish to speak! NEW ZEALAND WATERFALL, to your father alone!’ One of New Zealand's rivers has ‘The Little boy quietly weat out, . terfali that is 1,004 fect high,