The evening world. Newspaper, October 24, 1918, Page 16

Ys MN ‘a HURSDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1918 — | THURSDAY, OCTOBER 24, 1918 . Morale of American Troops ~ Gave Big Punch to Blows = By Which Foch Smashed = The Whole German Line W Super-Strategist, Leader of Allied Armies, Recog- nized Offensive Value of High-Spirited U. S. Divisions and, When the Right Moment Came MUNITION WORKERS, BUSH to Strike, Launched His “‘Surprise’’ Thunderbolt TERMINAL, BROOKLYN . at the Enemy, Repeating on a Huge Scale His) Was Tactics Which Halted the Germans in the First, | ft Battle of the Marne. (Boch’s Military Writings Show His Belief in “Superior Merale’”’ as a Deciding Factor in Warfare, in “Attack’’ as the Maintenance of Military Advantage, and Explain the Tactics He HasEmployed in the Present “Big Smash.’’ By Martin Green (Staff Correspondent of The Evening World) ‘Copyright, 1918, by The Press Publishing Oo, (The New York Evening World), HEN the bistory of the great war 1s written tt will be found that the decisive factor in the victory of the Allies over Germany was the morale of the United “Blue Triangle” Heartens . U.S. Women War Workers’ “Second Line of Defense” Y. W. C. A., at Home and Abroad, Sees That Women _ and Girls Who Are Making the Munitions of War Are Well Housed, Fed, and Kept in Good . Spirits Through Recreation That Their Morale May Be Kept Up Away From Home. By Marguerite Mooers Marshall Copyrigt, 1918, by The Press Publishing Co, (The New York Evening World), HAT the Red Triangle does for the first line of defense the Blue ‘Triangle accomplishes for the second line of defense—the girls of America, who work that men may fight . ‘The Blue Triangle of the Y. W. C. A. is becoming as constructive a fore® for efficiency and happiness in the lives of girl munities makers and other women workers for Uncle Sam as the Y. M. C, A. has proved to be among our fighting men, ‘That ts why the women of the Blue Triangle are co-oper« ating in the United War Work campaign for more than $100,000,000. To help in this campaign two of the best known British Y. W. C. A. workers have come to thia * country to tell what the Blue Triangle has done for Brith ish women and therefore can do for Américan women. In the words of Miss Edith Picton-Furberville, Senio# “Blue Triangle’’ Work in the United States TYPICAL INSTANCES OF Y. W. C. A, ACTIVITIES IN UNITED WAR WORK CAMPAIGN FOR BENEFIT OF GIRLS IN AMERICAN MUNITION PLANTS. *: ita h, aeetie fp osnem esanememe 8 : YWicaA READING ROOM FOR nem aw” ‘Vice President of Great Britain’s Y. W. C. A. and weas# ' States Army. . This statement is based on the writings, of the Gold Cross and Purple Ribbon of the Order of the British Buph ) speeches and practices of Marshal Ferdinand Foch, the the Blue Triangle brings to women war workers “the little bit of home.” { Commander in Chief of the Allied armies, who for fif- H “The Government gives one boots and beef and bread,” she said. “Tha teen years preceding the war lectured on the principles +} men are fed and clothed, so are the women. But the men in France needed t of war to officer students in the French War College something else. The Red Triangle gave it to them. The women in France ' and instructed those students in the theorles abd tac- needed it equally. The Blue Triangle is giving it. the thing that is missed the most at thé front. ‘The job of her sister and co-work- The touch of home i# ties which, followed out in thd great Allied offensives, Now they have it.” are driving the Germans back to the Rhine. Marshal Foch is one of the best informed masters of the ecience of warfare in the world. He has studied the problems involved {n every battle In history, but as his 1dctures, collected in book form under the pule of “The Principles of War,” show, 3e has taken as his rules of guidance only elements of strategy as apply to modern warfare involving the move- ‘ments of millions of troops, ‘The master upon whom he draws for his fundamental military inspira- ‘Proition is Napoleon, but he does not hesitate to borrow also from the expert.| feWience of all the commanders who have gained renown because of thelr suc- ‘DUP Geasen in strategy. He quotes frequently from the teachings and utterances Sot the great German Generals, including Frederick the Great and von ie. Several times in his book is quoted from Frederick this axiom: e “Ia war, as long as there remains hing to be done, nothing is ac- ment and fear due to the causes out- lined by Foch in 2 casual lecture de- Ir ved ARMY WITH MUBT ATTACK. With morale established and the material factors cultivated to the highest degree, Foch's theory ts that! an army must attack. The bulk of| his bobk tx devoted to instruction in the art of attack, although the art of defense and protection is not over- looked. There were times in this war when apparently every ounce of the strength of the Allies waa required for protection and defense, but the t is one of Pooh's oommand- n In this war much remains to ydone; therefore, Marsha) Foch, ad- to Lis opinions with the tenac- @f @ soldier who has proved that , je right, judges that nothing has t Beret sccomplishod. Doubtless, this ts - ehief reason why the German ne b command, fully ‘cognizant of ‘ "8 principle that nothing is ac- ished as long as there remains thing to be done in war, is eo ely anxjous to call off the it before the Commander in Chief | Beleet the Allied armies reaches the con- iGiusion that there remains nothing to ways kept in reserve a sufficient force for an attack at a crucial juncture, Until a few months ago tho reserves | were not large enough to warrant an attack in mays. When the time was DEPENDED ON FRESH « MORALE OF U. 8, ARMY. 8 “te Marshal Foch's book, entertain- genius of the commanding officers al-| } “CHARLESTON, S.C. BRIDGEPORT IN DUSTRIAL GIRLS WAR SERVICE CAMP es VW.C.A, DORMITORIES FoR INDUSTRIAL GIRLS, er, Miss Beatrice Picten-Furberville, ; m itself iustrates the job of the Blue “\ Triangle. She is the head of the Wo- men's Colony of 30,000 women and girls who are making shells and é|bombs at Coventry, England. For a year these girls worked fer long hours, without proper housing, with no suitable recreation, with no spe- cial attention given to their food, in order to keep up the munitions sup- ply—and then the British Govern- ment found the women’s efficiency was, dropping off. ‘The Blue Triangle took hott. Now these 80,000 women patriots have can- touments, recreation cantras, club- houses, rest rooms, and their efficiency and morale are beyond praise. America has seen earlier than Great Britain did the need for the thing that girls miss most when they are away from home and working. “The Government wants recreation centres and Y. W: C, A. rest rooms | for its working women end girle,” leave the Community Organization ‘| Branch of the Industriel Service Bec- |tion of the War Department's Ord- | ‘ nance Section at Washington. “We want them because they make more efficient workers, The Government {3} not interestec in the spiritual welfare | or the moral uplift ‘of any of its workers, But it ig interested in out- put. And workers who havo the in- a | idleness centres successful and 60 to make tha’ munitions output what it should be, Bloomfeld, N, J., the Bush Terminal, New York City, Bridgeport, Conn, afe among the communities of girl war workers where the Blue Triangle centres are offering lunches, recrea-| tion and rest to “munitionettes.” There is a Government Housing Commission which bas charge of tha probiem of living quarters, Employ- ers in many places provide dorui- tories, in many others canteens an: cafeterias, The recreation hall iv what the Y. W. C. A. usually pro- vides, That is the thing that keep., up the girl’s morale away from home. The rest hour that comes between 11 and 12 o'clock at night in the fac- tories which have a night and day shift is one of the things that was up provided for until the ¥, W. C 4. came, It was a burd Lour. Now wit! a place to rest, with wholesome re- freshments offered, hot chocolate ap sandwiches, aud @ real rest away from the sight of the workroom, hour sives back to the workers whe ft did not before, when the midnigb! hour wus merely a period of enforcer at the worst hour of tho night that it could come, ‘The women who are dotug thi work for the girts of America wi! never have any decoration other than the Blue Triangle that they are @ proud to wear. To them tt stands fo: | | ization like the : ; a 5 ‘3 nian r abe tha Ab tise 4 nk cenanw Vatal é Marne erest of an organizal all that the purple ribbon does to thet late of tho Foreign Legion aad] His theory of warfare is reflected | aha hah epdste ne} vision on the Plains of Chalons if no future offensive action be un-|Sea, Foob struck ssons with! ss, o, “aties for recreation that /en who have served can wear it. Qe Canadian expeditionary forces, |in the message he sent to Gens Joffre! Tans appeared to be able to ad-| The fighting referred to, except for| dortaken Frenoh troops and the Germans gave! te OPnorcumues them, do better |,,/f no other thing were done besides WMG publiaded by the H. K. Fly, Com-/on the arth day of tho first battle of! VAMC When and where they pleased.) that in Belleau Wood and at Cat | fo make war was always to at-| way. He struck with the B-tisp inl the Y. W. C. A see: aaa Ns ped be help, mater! and spiritual, tha f wemt- In March they went through Foch's|tigny, was largely defensive in chur-| tack,’ (Frederick) landers and the Germans gave way.|work and more of i 6 givop & : a Peeey. New York is « mass of » the Marne: “My right is in rout,” he . c * | "We must aiways seck to ereate|He struck with Pershing in Lorraine y ©. A. centres for our girl] standing behind the fhtors, the $100. - Miergechntoal detail of the keonest interest | wrote, “my left tg retiring, Tattang! forces of tho Chemin-des-Dames und/acter, In the mean Ume the Frewch| yyaye must mumaye week 10 eran ike Gerinine ay thave Y. W. ai nae 000,000 “of the Unik War Wor aby beh prbiagd sibeeid 4cK the Aisne and cut off important rail-jand British had also been fighting r ~ gd tas workers by means.’ Campaign would be wej) given and one possessing even.only a surface | with my centre.” 5 | must first of all organize the attack, | s k when and pleased * ent! bu th Muatewiedge of miltary affairs, but more!” With supremo confidence in nis| %8Y lines of communication, The] magniticentiy, but on the defensive. | considering everything els massed force pported| The industrial war errriee conte well spent, | Ask any one who Tau: on) ee less puzzling o the citizen who has | theories and princip! iced in N51 German Intelligence system was in-|The Germans had been tring thou. | 13 | EARS i oS be P ifficient reser and always the/pag peen the answer or pss e pene © ia one (ie, ae pesgg elas a ples in Dec oe advantay cave w ma e} ye jovern- Bi here e Bo attention to the professional | German Armies weaken ther bie tho! sidiously projecting pacifist sentiment | seives by successive attacks, which! May moult from it for the attact by ‘the fresh morale of|Mverywhere employers en crating {42d made happy by the little feminins pide of tho The purpose of thl8| attacks upon hie forces tees Y]into the French and British Armies/ lost in effectiveness as they pro-| "Not the least important. un’ troops the British and|ment committees are cO-epe!atiAk Hroych of home that is found in wa which {s based op the BOOK | rignt routed . es. Ho saw his and the French people. The morale! gressed. Foch was confronted on Foch continued in this samo and Helgians were uncon-} with the Young Women's Chris’ |}time only where the Blue Trianglu | on knowledge of Foch's opera- | a1 tne time he ad, beh eng |e arenet Sd. British! Armies, grand soale with the, situation whlol | &2, ho" ip Aare Marthe ney New Yorke National Gaara Drelena| Maeomacon 0 make fe WEF Lash Al ee : 4 ’ nd bis centre,! while not broken, was impaired. At| hud impelled him to attack with bis| Trust aig Rt ae Re | ane ideat” 1 h ts to show that the freub morale wh. 5 i L. i pell him to attack will it two fres! ‘the American Army, exhibited often h, Duoyant divisions, At the the same time the morale of the Ger- | must begin at close range so that the centre at Verdun, but in this instance| enem: and the “Wildcat” Division from the, proper moment he threw those divis- ne, At ciety ats fons against the exhausted German forces and saved the day for France, Had he used those two divisions in an effort te protect his flanks the war =~vald probably have ended in « Ger- | por peng before the United States cou! ve take) ing takep even @ feeble part In this movement, based on the a tion of force, Foch religiously fol. towed the pracepts of military hie- tory as he understood them, charac- South fought side by side with Brit Vids pretiminary feld actions calculated bring out the quality of morale, was ; chief dependence when he his great counter attack on German lines on the 18th of July. Becidediy technical issues will be dwelt upon. ‘ ‘Bis lecture to the War College Foch, then an offioar more 4 ana c' :dont than as a Geld stated to bis pupils that the teaching of war goes back the most ancient times, eMicipnt man troops and the German people, | under the iuspiration of victory, was| birt. But Foch knew the inside of ine situation, He had been watching the| his flanks were intact. He had pleaty| UD his reserves. An offensive to be | ish and Belgiaus and dnepized them of soldiers, due to the great influx of| of *ffect must be well prepared, besun|with American dotermination, Americans, at Close range and carried through) massing OF ARTILLERY SHOOK Banas eceiaity cee ee ENEMY'S RESISTANCE. pers oraty pe ‘¢/ HOW FOCH STARTED THE BIG! Fook's dependence upon artitery enable him to form bis mass, and be COUNTER SMASH te: | . was emphasized in his war lectures American troops who bad been train-|bad the moral And material advar-| ine ast great drive toward |and illustrated in bis surprise coun- ing in Lorraine and Champagne. He, tage for impulsion, Now, in order to! ine Marne and Paris was begun at ter attack on July 18. He was fond bad witnessed the dauntless spirit of| UNderstand his subsequent move-|miduight on July 14, had collapsed | Of quoting Napoleon's saying “Who- four American divisions ‘in battles! ™ents it will be helpful to quote at/@t moon op July 16 and was aban.|@ver can move @ mass ‘of suns by iT h f doned on July 16. Foch, with tho| Surprise to a given point is sure which appeared to be of small im-|#me length from one of bis lectures | \iemcan Army reinforcing his o!d | succes! portance then, but which loom as im-|@#tied “The Battle: Decisive At-| forces and serving as a reservoir for| The Allied Commander tn Chief cer- portant developments now. He had| tack. practically unlimited reserves, was | tainly moved a mass of guns by sur- seen the Ist and 2 Divisions of the| ATTACK SHOULD BE AT CLOSE How I Began My Stage Career EFFIE SHANNON. BYGAN my stage career at the ago of @bree. My family lived in) Boston ut the time and it was my mother who guided me into the! life of ‘the footlights. She wae al-| ways an admirer of the stage and iw people and it wae ber ambition that I become an actress. The prise to a given point on July 17, .nd ready to strike. Before taking up his nd) chance came when the great Mc- bh terized by: 5 decisive will be w he opened &p at sunrise on the 18tn| Bs Bost peg al instruction tn warfare} 200 DY). Regular Army hold their own against; , RANGE AND A SURPRISE. ‘sive blow it will be well to iuote} ¥¢ oPanPombardment which iiterally|Cullough came to the eld Boston bid mot begin in France until 1882 The M ; seasoned German troops and coualer| “Let us estavliad aid Fock h overwiteliniuy and uacapected| pounded the Germans into the| Theatre. » prevailing, up to that time, 1 * attack with vigor gnd determination. | {2 Bis lec ; hat in orde low need not be struck ne whole | Sround. The Brigadier General of one! Mother took mo to the theatre and | tA great | pulaton, r vitil Uble purpose of enemy army,” said Boch. Over: |of our artillery units had sixteer! 9004 rvices, In those days ‘Were, tn bis opinion, incorrect. Af: Foch prepared f: He had seen the 26th Division of New) logical aim of wtrategic « “B* | come an army's flank, its centre, any| §roups of American and French ar-}0ffered my gervics im thie earlier teaching, he|,/°) Prepared for his counter at-| mngiand National Guardsmen and tne| id the effective im tuciies, | part of ite whole will be suiliciont for | tillery under bis control on the night] it was the custom te bave # little Was to anmume that quality «f| Wek DY: Srouping his two fresh di-|42q, or Rainbow, Division of National) ittle cannot be merely defensive, "| tho result sought” of July 18, and evgry group was|girl walk before a noted theatrical of the command, amount of /Vimlons with morale unimpalred by} Guardsmen uct with the same spirit! truce tate thavenore it yiuitys tt dk] On tho 17th of July, withuat the] working. Hutinating pas.| Star When be made ble fret eae) ot] previous reverses, re ee . Mrit) true, balt the enemy in his advance. | knowledge of the enemy, Foch c: n eonclusion, an illuminatin, S- : a to be called upon and passion | Previous reverses, at a point where he|as was shown by the more intensely | It keops him trom 4 Moms teas | Gonteataa’ in tins Rosen ae Vilar » from one of Foch's lectures can| trance, and strew flowers in bis pata. | . @moounter wore equal on either | °°: vem reaching @ cer-| trained regular troops, He had sized| mediate objective; resu't | Cotter army of assault, including | be used in connection with one phase} That was the role assigned to me and aad ain objective at @ certain time.| up the divisions of the National Army|#® Purely negative, Never ‘will . |two American divisions of the activities of our troops in the!y walked before McCullough and| Fe sondamontal principle ‘in his|THes two divisions represented his| already in France and had found that] {ots te, ehomy ‘or procure th. | His preparations wore amazingly| July offensive, Hoch sald in thel 4.5504 posies while the audience te wes the establishment, | ™4##. Just when the Germans thought | they were composed of the same ma-|which is. the visible vlan of cites. | ee and ete re attack was] lec\viren the time comes to act artil-|applauded thunderously, I loved u intelligent mititary direc:ion, | ‘he battle won, Foch launched his| terial as the divisions which bad been| It is unable, therefore, to ever create |richt smack up ag lery shakes the enemy's resistance;ond it made my mother very proud. @ morale superior to that of the | Ass with such terrific and passion-|in action—American material, young, | V'S!0'Y: lines. and infantry must destroy it. Te I remained at the Boston Theatre Grilled this into his officer-pu- | S4xons and the Prussian Guards were| bursting with high morale | nothing but parry. He can never de-| French Army. position, to take his place, one miust | numerous othes stars, including Jo- i @entinually. In consequence the Ri one SnBhiaiag. Came the time when Gen. Pershing| {e2t_ 8's opponent, but, on the con- tarrifie barrage and an|go there. The’ most powerful of; seph Jefferson and Lawrence Barrett a Army, *¢ the outbreak of the OF FOCH’sS | LAN PROVED THEORY CORRECT, This was, in comparison with ghe vast scope of the late operations, a te of the greatest pos- army of tanks the American-Franeo he is pound to be hit soon- troops swarmed into the German po- caught the enemy asloep, The movement was carried thr; Nipidly, At noon on the ‘sth -he ad- fires does not give that result, and here begins the work of the masses of infantry, They march straight to the objective, increasing thelr speed as they draw nearer, preceded by vio- offered troops to Foch and the lst] s Division was sent to hold a sector in Picardy. This was in April, but it was pot until May that this division Then my mother brought me to New York. For the next five years the stage ‘was commanded by officers who after not only the material which ind: + results but the we find that the offensive her it be immediate or as Ce struggled along without ‘my avsist-| man forces in the halcyon da factors, whiob, if rightly cu‘ti- | minor engagement, but we shall se8| was given an opportunity to show tts | oceans the, defens| n alone Vance had peastrated 4 dlatanoe of] lent Bre, in Orage in Assault the ene-| ance, as I was sent to school. One| old Lyceum Theatre, Later fos 9 : y 7 give resi must consequently be|six miles and the German forces in| my bodily and close the argument ) Bed ue! Herbert Kelcey, and for te ) may be tu...od to overwhelm | that Foch in his counter attack in the] mettle in mass attack. alwe ed at some stago or other. | that sector—namely, below Solssons—| with cold steel day, however, I visited my sister, who vm Sen years We by greater courage first battle of the Marne directed, as : y 5 a headed our own company. — W. Wha Rachabe ati Gant leay da blstnele engive action, then, must] Were in rout and determination.” was @ member of Rose Eytinge's com-| turned to the Frohman management % J" said Foch in one of his|it were, a minor rehearsal of the final) cai, ‘The American troops occupying | oh offensive blow’ or miccvss-| ‘The right’ fank of, the German} Our young soldicra had never read! pany, The great actress was playing| and appeared in numerous successes, ; ad tay Ie : n ‘! C | ful counter attack if any result is to| Army in the Chateau-Thierry sector| Foch's book; few of our young offi-| (0° " 'y ” several othe notably “The Thief." We also had 4 “ig a purely moral result: unter attack which sent the Ger-/tne town held it against successive| be guined. It ls an elementary prin-|was turned and the centre and left| cers bad .read it. But. when’ they| “Oliver Twist" and several other well! seusion under Augustin Dalye At z Feeuit of a state of mind of} mans pelting back through Northern| vicious counter attacks delivered by| ciple, if you wish, but neglect of it| flank in the salient were compelled | were called on to attack they marched | known bills, It happened that while! present Lam acting with Shelley iall ment, o1 fear brought on| France and Belgium. To come to al superior German forces. Followed has been frequent. 1t was not under-| to retire, " Fook ‘struck at them as|on the enemy. When their objective| I was with my Se deny hocamne ay | 2A. H, Wood's production of “Under . bined use of | realization of the fac eaye ot | stood by the French Armics of 1870 or| they were moving out, using, among| was a certain place they went fo that! of the company suddenly became il] Orders Rail " 4 ® combined ° : ty ft Is necessary | ewiftly the participation of the 24| they would not have pictured as view |otier American forces, the 42d Divic | place, ‘They, marched into. machine] and the management pushed me into] ng eng ; Mr Hull een; materia. “actors employed | to briefly review conditions at the| Division, the 3d and 4th Divisions| tories days like the Mth or 16th of |s which had been rapidly moved| gun fire and overcame machine gun-| her role. I handled it suc ul are the only s in the cast. ‘by the victor.” front in France when Foch, by action|and the 28th Division in the actions| August, 1870, and many others, which| down (vom the Plains of Chalons. The| ners with cold steel and their bare] My school days ended right there Of the Allies, was given supreme com- The stage h and I resumed my stage career, which | no other. T hope to spend many nn, hes been uninterrupted to this day.| years acting. When I have to rethr I remained with the Bytinge com e might,bave become victories but which | vigor, the daring, the resourcefulness certainly were not victories at the|of the eager young American. troops stago whero they were lett. Boel ‘wonder-compelling. Belleau Wood, at Chateau-Thierry and along the Marne, between Cha- intiteau-Thierry and Dormais. Then hands, They closed the argument by bodily assault. And Foch had known sthey would we bave & bri. description ot . pers merely ‘oungat BY |T shall f French “had held thelr posi-} An improv im moraje ram] beiore they oar ‘and then Jo! f shall fool that the nd of thewwona : y . ren come, he ' : recon banat Ea A Fagen a NCA MIR A A ne eee ee’ Repeal Bidar kee ; .