The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 16, 1904, Page 8

FRANCISCO CALL, - Training for Cheriste BY ANICE TERHUNE (Song Writer, Formerly Director of Music in the College of St. John the Baptist, New York.) « 1904, by Joseph B. Bowles.) In choosing songs for children’s use one should be just as particular as with piano music. 1ot worth while to waste time in teaching or learning poor music, whether it be -nded for voice or other musical instrument. Look out for the *“coon” & song. Nowadays so-called “"popular songs” have so much of the “coon” in- PR R £ — NGLE TO HOLD M Bt nd “ragtime” flavor about is not much room. left 1 the “comic a thing of the past; them th. nelod real ” seems to 1 1€ dist of the so-called comic (which have evelved sore or less than lection udevilie-like songs, strung together without any apparent connection with the feeble and hardiy- as of 1t 10-be- overed plot of the opera), one looks for the good old days of “Robin Hood,” “Mikado,” *Patience,” I fore,” and so bring this sul to-day beca music at a comic of t up in the les- every child that 1 is liable to go mnd there is much 0 that might be harmful to him music- | ally in almost any op: i mean by this not only th itself is good enocug or to le of to-d: t the music h for him to listen s from, but the way to owed to consider as real music. € is a certain unhappy medium 1 singing and talking, which is ely employed by solo singers in opera at the present time. It is rrowed directly from the vaudeville stage, and one can only hope that it will soon be relegated from which it came, there to stay. The stvle of so-called singing to which I allude is “catchy,” undoubted- ly, but therein lies its danger, for if our pupil goes to hear light opera and finds there some coon song sung in the way which I have described he will, in all probability, wish you to buy the song for him, and will try his very g 4 e AR o il INCORRECT WAY OF SITTING | AND SINGING WHEN PLAYING NE'E OWN ACCOMPANIMENT. best to sing it in the flat, dry, throaty, talky voice that the actress or actor sang it in. If he (the boy) can be brought to regard this way of singing as an eccentricity, and not as some- thing to be imitated, he may listen to any amount of comic opera without being harmed thereby, but the question is, can he be made to see these things in their proper light? I am afraid not, so I strongly advise taking him to con- certs instead—eood concerts, where great artists like Bispham, Sembrich, Schumann-Heink, and so on sing. Hearing such music as true artists element in | col- is not, as a rule, anything that | it | is sung is something no child should | to the place | { | | | >l such heights since the world began as | at the present time. Just be sure that the boy is able to distinguish between the two, and doesn’t mix up his ideals, that is all. Now let us look for a moment at the= sort of music best suited to our pupil's needs. | The kindergarten songs I have al- ready mentioned in a former lesson. | They are excellent things to begin on, because the words are generally writ-| ten expressly for children, and touch subjects mentally within their grasp. | It is most desirable to teach the| little boy to sing with expression, at | once, and in order to do this he must, | of course, understand just what he is singing about. There are many pretty little lulla- | | bys to be found and children may be | taught to sing them very sweetly, act- ing them as they go and singing more and more softly and slowly toward the | end, until the “baby” is supposedly fast asleep at last. A little girl that T know sings lul-| labys to her doll in this way, and I think she so loves the song that she almost believes the doll is a real baby | by the time she reaches the last verse and the waxen lids are shut closely | down over the staring china eyes. Cer- tain it is that the child is perfectly | engrossed in the sentiment of the song | |and ak thought of self, all self-con- | sciousness, is banished. In fact, it is the true unconsciousness of the artist. although exploited by a child five | vears old, with a doll in her arms. | Right her2 T wish to say a word in| regard to choir training for boys. | | There is nothing more elevating ! than sacred music and the constant | music drill which a weekly service necessitates is svlendid training for If there is a boy choir in » in which vou live I strongly | u to let our pupil try at least If he once enters the T never regret is, 1 am anks he sure. Choirmasters are, as a rule, exceed- | ingly careful of the voices of the boys whom they train, for they must of ne- v understand their business and s it is to their own interest to voices carefully, for the more | a boy’'s voice is trained the longer » he (the boy) stay in the hoir, while, on the other hand, a e that has not been guarded with care very often goes to pieces forever when the time comes for it to change. At the time that the pupil's voice really begins to change in earnest he should stop singing and not try his voice at all until it has changed en- tirely. This is most important, for er and over again voices have been ruined by singing during this transi- tion period, instead of giving the vocal chords the rest they need while grad- | ually accuiring their new register. Choir practice is not to be classed +) | o | CORRECT WAY OF DOING THE | SAM] i 3 I * - with ordinary choral singing at all. Of | the latter kdo npt approve, except in | | a case where one has already a trained voice and knows enough to hold his own, whether his neighbor is singing off the key or mot. In a large mixed chorus of promiscuous voices there are always a certain number of people who | fislng a little off pitch, and one is liable to be placed next to one of these peo- | ple and to be influenced by his voice without knowing it. If the chorus is| a large one the directory cannot pos- sibly weed out every voice that is not | quite true, for the trouble may be toc ! slight to be detected against all the volume of tone, and yet be of enough | power to tend to drag down the voice | next it. o | There is one slight point which a | choirmaster might omit to mention, and | which I think it advisable to speak of | here, as it applies to all students of singing, whether they happen to be choristers or not. It is this: In sing- ing the boy must be careful how he | holds his sheet of music. In the first | place, if the paper is held too closely | to him it will tend to interfere more or less with t'e tone, not only because it is an obstruction, but because in order to so hold it the singer must of necessity cramp his chest and limit for the time being the power of the lungs for expansion. When holding the mu- sic too closely the boy will unconscious- Iy drop his chin (as he lowers his head | to bring his eyes on a level with the music) and thus throw the whole vocal apparatus out of poise. This may seem a small point, but it is only too often ‘the means of curtaiing or muffling {sound, thus interfering strongly with the faithful rendition of the song and the beauty of the music rendered. The pupil who plays his own accom- paniments is even more liabie to pre- vent people from getting the full bene- fit of his singing, for in his eagerness to play the accompaniment well he is apt to lean forward toward the music T | pears that the trusts and their echoes think it unsafe to | rected against all restraint, reasonable or unreasonable. | stroyed competition. | predictions of ruin are habitually made by them when it | and protect the public against their exactions. | rights of the States and the constitutional guaranty of | 1 judged that the act of Congress did not touch the rights | rack, thus throwing his chest out of poise in another and quite as unde- sirable way as does the pupil who in standing covers his face with his mu- sic. A rule to observe is never to stand or sit in such a way as to inter- fere at all with the JOHN THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL 1004, WEDNESDAY. MARCH 1 D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor . .« « « < « - . - Address All Communications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager Publication Office ...... ....Third and Market Streets, S. F. WEDNESDAY.... ..MARCH 16, 1904 THE MERGER DECISION. : HE case against the Northern Securities Company, known as the railroad merger case, was brought by order of the President under the anti-trust law. This act of the President brought upon him the enduring wrath of combined capital, and started that campaign which it was hoped would defeat him for the nomination. The trust organs have found an echo in every faction of the Democracy. The New York Sun shouts that “Roose- velt is unsafe,” and the echo “unsafe” comes back from Olney, Gorman, Hearst and Bryan. As the Supreme Court has indorsed the position of the President, it ap- enforce the law. The court’s decision is the most important interpreta- tion of the anti-trust law and of the power of the Feder- al Government over commerce between the States that has been delivered. It declares that the act is not lim- ited to merely unreasonable restraint of trade, but is di- This means that the enjoinable act is the power to re- strain trade, whether it is used or not. It will be remembered that J. J. Hill of the Great Northern, who, next to J. Pierpont Morgan, was the greatest factor in the merger, said that he would see to it that no increase in rates resulted from merging the Great Northern and the Northern Pacific. That declara~ tion was an incautious admission that combining the two roads, which traverse and serve the same territory, car- ried with it the power to put up rates, because it de- Mr. Hill has very expert legal ad- visers, and no doubt they advised him that an action could lie only against an overt act, and that as long as rates were not raised the merger could not be impeached. The court decides that unrestrained trade is the right of the people and that the power to restrain it, though not in present use, is so dangerous that the courts may de- stroy it, and that action lies without waiting for an overt act. % The statement of the case by Mr. Justice Harlan is so clear that the lay reader decides it at once without read- ing forward to the conclusions of law. Going back to the court’s decision the interstate commerce act the | Justice says: “Congress has the power to establish’ rules by which interstate and international commerce shall be governed, and by the anti-trust act has prescribed the rule of free competition among those engaged in such commerce. The natural effect of competition is to in- crease commerce, and an agreement whose direct effect is to prevent the play of competition restrains instead of promotes trade and commerce.” The discussion of the points presented by the trust attorneys is very interesting, for it involves the old issue of State rights and the efficacy of State corporations. The arguments for the merger made all the points that have become familiar through publication in the New York Sun and the other newspapers owned by the trusts. We do not use the term “owned” in its usually offensive sense, implying false pretenses and private subsidies. The trust publications are the property of the trusts and used by them to get their side before the public, | which is perfectly legitimate. As it has been insisted in these newspapers, and was repeated in the arguments, that ruin would follow such application of the power of Congress as the decision de- clares may be made, Justice Harlan says: “It is the history of monopolies in this country and England that | on is attempted by legislation to restrain their operations In this, as in former cases, they seek shelter behind the reserved | liberty of contract. But this court has heretofore ad- of States and that liberty of contract did not involve the right to deprive the people of free competition in trade and commerce. But even if the court shared the gloomy forebodings in which the defendants indulge it could not refuse to respect the action of the legislative branch of the Government, if what it has done is within the limits of its constitutional power.” Congress having the constitutional power to enact the anti-trust and interstate commerce laws the courts must execute those laws, and if their enforcement be injurious to the people they,have their recourse in the election of | a Congress that will repeal the laws. While no one would be justified in ascribing conscious motives to any member of the court, it is not without significance that the three Democratic members, Chief Justice Fuller and Justices White and Peckham, dissent from the majority opinion and justify the contentions of Messrs. Hill and Morgan th®t the merger is merely an exercise of property and personal freedom. This partisan alignment of the court will have its ef- fect on politics. The capital which seeks profit‘and ad- vantage in enormous combination will naturally seek to elect a Democratic President in order to be ready for the next two vacancies on the bench. The dissenting opinions show that there is such a thing as a partisan | view of the law based upon party methods of construing the constitution. The Democratic view, uttered by the three Democrats in the court, is against the power of Congress to enact such legislation as the majority opinion enforces against the merger. This is the background to the antics of the remarkable Mr. William Randolph Hearst, who informs the country that he is i effect the court below and has been affirmed. T needed changes in the public land laws has re- ported very closely in line with the sound action of the Ogden Irrigation Congress. The timber and stone act has been the instrument of fraud from the beginning and is to be substituted by a law authorizing the sale of timber, under suitable regulations, retaining the title to the land, and also for the sale of stone that is needed for building or other economic purposes. Assignment of desert entries will be stopped, and the commutation of homestead entries within forest reserves or where timber is the chief value of the land will be re- stricted. Homestead entries of agricultural land within | forest reserves will be permitted. The law ought to go CHANGE IN THE LAND LAWS. HE Presidential commission appointed to report | further, by permitting the use in forest reserves and na- tional parks of such natural resources as hydraulic power. A considerable mining section of California is now, and has long been, suffering from the denial of such use, even when the hydraulic power has long been in private own- ership. Electricity generated by hydraulic power has be- come a prime factor in economics and community life, Its use injures nothing, impairs no scenery and endangers no forests. Indeed, it is a protection to forest lands, be- | 3 < ; o | by thé Legislatire Plumas has | cultivated. = | cause when introduced it renders unnecessary the use ot wood for fuel to raise steam power, and stops that most destructive and wasteful attack upon forests. The new law proposes to give homesteaders a prefer- ence over scrippers, which is also in the right direction. The members of the commission are: Mr. Richards, Commissioner of the General Land Office, Mr. Newell of the Geological Survey and Mr. Gifford Pinchot, Chief ! of the Forestry Bureau. They all know Western condi- tions thoroughly, and their report is in the interest of the West. The President is to be commended for such ad- mirable selections and it is to be hoped that their sug- gestions will be adopted by Congress. .Maetcrlinck has invited criticism by announcing that patriotism is a barrier to freedom and harmful to the highest ideals of any people. Why is it that people will insist upon pronouncing judgments in a field in which! they know nothing? As Maeterlinck is not a patriot, he should be satisfied with the profitable glory of being a good playmaker. N the organization of the county of Plumas. The \ precise date is not on record. The necessary steps to make Plumas into a county were taken in April, 1854. Two of the three Commissioners who were named in the legislative act of March 18, 1854, are still living. Plumas was carved from the area of Butte County. Prior to that the residents of what is now Plumas County were subjected to great inconvenience by compulsory travel to obey court summons in Butte. Since then Plumas has made.progress. Its climate is evidently favorable to longevity, for the survival of two of its founders out of three attests to that fact. Other conditions have also been proven to be agreeable by the circumstance that the two surviving Commissioners still claim Plumas as their home. In the half century that has elapsed since Commission- ers W. S. Dean, H. J. Bradley and J. W. Thompson first met to carry out the purpose for which they were mamed patiently awaited the opening up of its great natural resources to the world. It is rich in minerals and agricultural possibilities. Greater attention is now directed to them than at any time in the history of Plumas. In its semi-centenpial year the conditions are full of promise for the moun- SEMI-CENTENNIAL OF PLUMAS. EXT month will bring the fiftieth anniversary of tain county. In calling attention to the signs of the times the Plumas Independent is active. The probabil- ity that a transcontinental road will be constructed through the county iflspircs the hope of a great awaken- ing in the near future. . At this time it is of interest to note some of the re- sources of Plumas as they are enumerated. Fifty per cent of its agricultural lands are virgin soil, the lack ()f; transportation alone having caused them to remain un- These are rich, have abundant water and promise magnitude to the farming and dairying enter- prises of the future. W)hen it becomes possible, as the Independent truly says, to get low transportation rates on mining machinery to Plumas the rich deposits of min- erals need not go begging for owners. There is an im- mense amount of good timber in the county that remains in the forest because of the absence of a railway to move the harvested product. Grazing lands hold out a green invitation to large herds of cattle to grow fat on luscious grasses. Superb scenery abounds. The great Plumas valleys are known at least by name to thousands of Californians who have ne—er viewed them. Their beau- ties will be better appreciated when they can be more easily scen. The railway that is supposed to be near construction in Plumas County will, if the line of its present survey be followed, run through Sierra, Mohawk and American valleys, pass within three mile: of Quincy and then through the great depression that forms the immediate watershed of the north fork of the Feather River. It will be the policy of the railway to build up the county. In return Plumas is amply able to furnish freighting business to the railway, the volume of which must increase in proportion to the amount of encourage- ment given to local development. In its semi-centennial year Plumas County has a fine outlook, and this will tend to make such celebration of the creation of the county as may take place the more enjoyable. The defalcation of the Treasurer of San Jose supplies another incident in the public life of California for the serious consideration of thinking people. Is it another good man gone wrong or only another bad man found out? Whichever it may be, it will probably teach no les- son. Dishonor seems to have lost its terror. A health officers it was decided to declare uncom- promising war upon Chinatown rats. It was agreed that the dwellings in the congested Mongolian quarters should be made ‘“rat proof” by the use of ce- ment in cellars and undergrcund substories, so that the disease infested rodent cannot make his way from build- ing to building through the easy passages offered by rotten wooden partitions. Though the joint board real- izes that it will be impossible to enforce a wholesale con- version of cellar construction in Chinatown, it is the spirit of their ruling that any new structures should be provided with concrete flooring in the basement and that a board of inspection may order such change in existing buildings if deemed advisable. " This daermigation upon the part of our health au- thorities is a step in the right direction. It needs not the confirmation of specialists to convince the thinking man that the rat, scavenger though he may be, is also en- dowed with power of disseminating contagious disease above any of his fellows in the animal kingdom. Ex- periments in some of the densely populated cities of Germany and France have shown that this indiscrimi- nating gormand of the sewer and the cellar has probably played a more active part in recent epidemics of typhus and allied contagious maladies than any other single agent. To put an end to the evil a toxic virus has been inoculated into a few rats, so that they might infect others with it, thus fighting fire with fire. Until this method of rat destruction can be perfected and freed of any possibilities dangerous to humankind, the plan which the joint conference of health officers have decided upon is_the only feasible one for the sup- pression of the growing army of rats. Certainly it wili be greatly to the public benefit if we can keep our Chinatown rats under curb as the health officials have rpated. . RATS AND DISEASE. T a joint conference of the Federal, State and city These are W. S. Dean and J. W. Thompson. | a large | Faithful to His Copy. Captain Julius A. Penn of the reg- ular army and recently at the Presidio had charge of a battalion in the Phil- ippines a couple of years ago and tells some good stories of the natives. Many have strong artistic tendencigs, but their ability generally stops at copy- ing ictures, not in originating them. v they Under the American regime have become quite patriotic and when the Fourth of July ar- Irived it was decided that the day should be fittingly observed. Much interest was shown therein and ! one native artist was given the task of painting a large figure of the Amer- jcan eagle. Captain Penn, for _want of a better copy, gave the artist a can which had .contained army con- densed milk, on which was printed a figure of the great bird. The day finally arrived and the troops and in- habitants assembled in the plaza IOI: the exercises. Back of the speakers' platform, covered with white cloth, stood high the painting which was to be the surprise and feature of the day. It was. The band struck up “The Star-Spangled Banner,” the cloth was suddenly thrown back, unveiling to the expectant people the beautiful | painting, but as the captain looked what was his horror and astonishment {to see painted in the seroll where |“E Pluribus Unum” should be the { words, “Use Aunt Hannah's Brand of Condensed Mil One More Job for Him. Three-year-old Alice had been told | that every time she was naughty “the | man” would take away one of her i toys, it being thought that this method | would cause her to be good. Alice | had successively lost in this wise her | pest doll, doll buggy and toy piano for various infantile transgressions and one morning was surveying the !scene of devastation. | Alice noticed the disappearance of [the three toys, but discovered with | some satisfaction that there were still | many left. ,She was somewhat bother- led about the identity of “the man” | who had taken away the toys and | made several guesses as to whom he | might be, such as the ashman, the | doctor, etc., all of which, of course, | were wrong. Picking up several toys | one after another Alice said to her { mother: “Will the man take this away if T |am naughty, and this, and this?” to each of which queries her mother re- | plied in the affirmative: “Humph!” said Alice. ar ‘taker,” ain't he, mamms: ““Yes, indeed,” replied her mother. | “And what's more, he will take and | bury them so you will never see them {again.” e “Oh, then he must be the under- taker,” said Alice triumphantly, think- ing that this time at least she had made the right guess. “He's a reg- g {ul Russia and the War. ‘Wolf von Schierbrand, Ph. D., author of “The Kaiser's Speeches,” and a well | known observer of international affairs, télls in the current Harper's Weekly some interesting facts about the Rus- sian peasants, who are considered to ! be one of the mainstays of Russia in time of war. The Russian peasants, who number about 100,000,000, are, ac- cording to Von Schierbrand, slowly starving to death. Their average earn- {ings in the central provinces are only | 8 or 9 cents a day throughout the year. | During the busiest harvest time they | rise to 13 or 16 cents a day, but through- |out the winter they earn nothing. Their diet consists of meal, flour and grits, cabbage and potatoes—no meat, | excepting three times a year. Their food is less than that enjoyed by the peasant class of any civilized eountry. They live in hoveis two and a half yards lcng and one cnd a half yards high, which harbor the entire family and whatever cattle they possess. Is it any wonder, asks Von Schierbrand, that the Russian peasant has degen- erated, morally and physically? An Imperial Cradle. The Carnavalet museum in Paris will | shortly receive an interesting addition | to its curiosities. The cradle of the Prince Imperial has been offered to the museum by M. Pietri. It is probably the most ornate cradle in existence. The city of Paris offered it as a gift to the Empress on the birth of the “Little Prince” in 1856. The cradle is | profusely decorated. At the back is the escutcheon of Paris, in enamel, on a gold shield, and the sides are covered with shields and medallions in enamel, designed by Flandrin. The design of the cradle was the work of Baltard. In 1856, when it was presented to the | Empress Eugenie, its cost was put at | more than $32,000. It was much in the | public eve three years ago when it was ou exhibition at the Petit Palais. Then the desire was expressed that it might become the property of the nation. That wish has now been realized.— Pall Mall Gazette. Tax on Jewels. A large bunch of trouble, social and otherwise, is in readiness for the Con- gressman who attempts to enact into law a bill taxing jewelry in Washing- ton. Wealthy Washington women, pre- ‘eminent in the social life of the na- | tional capital, are agitated over the measure, which was drafted and intro- | dueed by the District Commissioners, 'and which aims to reach valuable per- ’son-l property now untaxed, being | classed as heirlooms. The bill takes | jewelry out of that class. There is | hardly a social function nowadays where the bill is not discussed with great anxiety and some bitterness by the women possessing jewels. Mrs. L. Z. Leiter is said to own the finest col- lection of jewels at the capital. Her rubies alone are worth a king's ran- som. T Rk Watormbalons. hibition faith. There were .-4.“_. and well meaning people, he said, who volunteered to look after the interests of society in general. They subscribed to the tenets that forbade the quaffing from the cup that smacketh of liquor. They gave a banquet wondrous in the moderation of its menu. Watermelons wound up their festal itinerary. Now, some creature in whom dwelt the spirit of wickedness had poured champagne into the “watermelons. The sparkling stuff had permeated the fruit from end to end and left its impress—at full strength—from base to circumference. Each one of that faithful band of ab- stemious citizens smacked his lips un- consciously, and then quickly glanced at his companions. They looked sus- piciously at one another. Then they resumed the attack on the luscious melons with renewed vigor, and siyly extracted the seeds and put them in their vest pockets! Begum of Bhopal. Her Highness the Nawab Shah Jahan Begum of Bhopal, of whose travels and | doings we are hearing a good deal just | now, is one of the most remarkable women in India. She rules nearly a million subjects, spread ‘over an area | of nearly 7000 square miles; maintains a force of nearly a thousand cavalry, twice as many infantry and seventy guns. Bhopal is remarkable from the fact that it not infrequently produces women who make better rulers than the men. This has happened several times since the reign of the famous Dost Muhammad Khan, founder of the Bhopal dynasty. Upon the death of the hereditary Prince his widow, if she | survive him, takes his place at the head of the state. Furthermore, the widow of the heir apparent may, at the death of the ruler, succeed. Power From the Falls. A company has been formed to ex- ploit Victoria Falls, in the Zambe: | and will build a hydro-electric generat- | ing plant, with the expectation of sup- plying power to the Waukie coal fields, Buluwayo, the Gwelo, Sebakive and Hartley gold flelds, all of which are within 300 miles. The falls are over 400 feet high, and, while the total amount of energy running to waste at Niagara is 7,000,000 horsepower, the cor- responding fi§ure for the Victoria Falls in the wet season is 25,000,000 The railway has now been completed to within seventy miles of the falls and will reach them before the end of March. Answers to Queries. BRITT-O'KEEFE—R. B, City. Thera was no forfeit money put up on the Britt-O'Keefe fight in San Francisco. BEER IN CALIFORNIA—D., Stock- ton, Cal. There are 109 breweries in the State of California and the yearly output of these is about 900,000 barrels. ALL FOURS—Player, City. In the game of “all fours” the players cut for deal, the highest card having the deal. ‘When there are two players the dealer gives six cards to each player, turning up the thirteenth card; if there are four players the twenty-fifth card is turned up and that card Is trumps. s RUSSIA'S WAR STRENGTH—D. Melones, Cal. In time of peace the army strength of Russia is: 1,098,946 men, 173,400 horses and 3200 guns. The war strength is: 78,827 officers, 3,180,953 men, 613,400 horses and guns according necessities. On a first reserve the army draws 2,252,000 officers and men, and on the second reserve 1,892,915 men and officers, and if that should neot be enough conscription may follow. PHONOGRAPH—D. M., Woodside, Cal. In 1807 Thomas Young, M. D, pointed out a way by which a tuning fork might be made to record its own vibrations. From that time on numer- ous attempts were made to perfect sound-producing machines, but it was not until 1857 that there was a practical result of the idea of Dr. Young. And it was not until 1877 that Thomas Edi- son presented the phonograph as an in- strument for reproducing the human voice. Since that date the inventor has greatly improved the original and oth- ers have produced the gramophone and the graphophone, which differ from the Edison machine in this, that they use vulcanized rubber disks instead of wax cylinders. BIRD FOOD—Subseriber, Oakland, Cal. German paste, a bird food for larks, thrushes. nightingales and other singing birds, espectally those which in their wild state feed chiefly upon in- sects, is composed of the following ma- terials: To two pounds of pea meal add one-half pound of sweet almonds which have been blanched, one-quarter pound of fresh butter or lard, five ounces of moist sugar, one-half dram of hay saffron and three eggs boiled hard. This is beaten into a smooth paste with water to give the consist- place until it is quite hard and dry. If properly prepared and dried it will keep good in a dry place for a year or more. —————— Townsend's California ;h‘. fruits and etched boxes. .A nice present Eastern friends. 715 Market st., above bldg.* Dushacas. houace and Pube men. By the A S