The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, March 13, 1904, Page 13

ndon Stock xch ang‘e,Where inanciers Feel the World’s Ise During the usso -Japanese nervous edge the world—deal- kers are looked upon They are sup- of anything, and ess serious, and persons of in- change is fre- the august bufld- al Exchange. As by Lioyds Ship- irance com- ck Exchange prop- odest habitation hogmorton street, , when a num- got together’ who In those n Coffee House, and the rule regulations made there more th 100 years ago are in full force s day, with, perhaps, slight modif in order to adapt them- selves to the needs of modernity There are to-day about 3000 members of the London Stock Exchange. Re markable to say, none of these men well known in public. While in York and other cities the Stock changes beast such financial lights as Henry Clews, Russell Sage, the Goulds and Rockefellers, in England sponding men, such as the Rothschilds, arc not Stock change members. There are no very prominent Londo financiers who are members of the Ex change proper—that is, no men of great corre- social or political notoriety. If one were to compile a list of the leading members of the London Stock Ex- THE SAN FRANCISCO SUNDAY CALL. change, probably out of the 3000 names not five would ever have been heard of, ot only in America, but in London itsel The ¢wo best known men on the Lon- don Stock Exchange are Edward Clarke, the trustee and manager the Exchange, and Edward Satterth- waite, the secretary. These two men have practical charge of the London Stock Exchange, and in their hands, it might be said, rests the fate of ever, member. It is they who decide to hammer” defauiting members, or those who, when pay day comes, are unable to meet their obligations. Every member of the London Stock Exchange has to be of gilt-edge finan- cial standing. For instance, before a member can be elected, he must submit ot his entire financial record to a select committee. He must, of course, never have been bankrupt. But this is not all. If he has ever had a judgment en- RUSSIAN SOLDIERS POORLY PAID do———ep HILE the newspapers counts of the atment endured by the Czar’s forces now frozen Siberia to mon soldier in thing and eq grand total This sum is United States three times or about forty Russian pri- d it is easy to see why ich so as to cause and a major m some outside in a condition tual poverty. man who depends impossible. almost all the higher om more or less wealthy marry they are t astonishing strength of the rmy is in its cavairy branch. tural Department at Wash- timates that in all the world about 65,000,000 horses. Russian empire alone has 30,000,000 horses, or nearly half of the grand total In the regular army of the Czar there are no less than half a million horses, and this number in time of war might be easily doubled How valuable this vast cavalry force may b the Far East may be ques- tioned allowing to each horse a daily ration of twenty-five pounds of fodder and taking it for granted that Manchuria and the adjacent provinces raise little that might be used for horse foo it is hard to see how any large number of horses can be permanently maintained at the far end of a single track railroad more than 5000 miles long. In the Russian cavalry, of course, the most picturesque, corps is that of the Cossacks. The Cossacks are really pro- fessional soldiers. They almost live on horseback, and are the only horsemen 1 the world who equal the rough riders of thé Far Western States in feats of horsemanship. They come from about the Black Sea, and out of a total popu- of 3,000,000 furnish 150,000 men imperial army. horses and uniforms of the. Cos- The sacks are furnished by the various Cos- sack tribal communities, and in camp the curious tribal signs hang over the entrances to the quarters of each regi- ment. In active service the Cossacks are the eves and ears of the Russian army. They are the scouts, the path- finders, the courier, and orderlies when desperate and dangerous work is to be done. They are much more independ- ent than the common soldier of the army, and are also treated with much more consideration by the military au- thorities. The Cossacks are armed with rifles without bayonets, with swords without guards, and the men in the front ranks in each company also ecarry ' lances. They take great care of their horses, and are esteemed as among the most daring, tireless and relentless soldiers in the world. The predominant and characteristio color in the uniforms of the Russian army is dark green. The infantry wear double breasted blouses and knicker- bockers of that color. The footguards and grenadiers have bright colored pip- ings and facings on their green coats. Some of the lancers wear blue, and the Czar’'s hussars are brilliant in scarlet. The Cossacks wear mostly dark blue or green. But the general effect, the prevailing tone, is dark green, except in the hot months, when white ‘is the leading note. As to equipment, a Russian infantry- man carries thirty rounds of ammuni- tion in his belt, thirty more rounds in a bandolier hung over his left shqulder underneath his great coat which is car- ried there done up in a roll, and a final reserve supply of ammunition, consist- ing of thirty rounds, carried in a pouch which hangs fyom a strap running over the left shoulder and attached to the beit. From the right shculder is sus- pended his waterproof kit bag, and on top of the kit bag is an aluminum water bottle holding a pint and a half. To the great coat is strapped a pair ‘of boots and an aluminum mess dish. Besides this every six men carry among them the materials for a tent which will properly sheiter them, so that it may easily be seen that the Russian soldier is considerable of a weight car- rier. The medical and surgical depart- ments of the Russian army are finely developed. There are six large and more than 200 smaller hospitals regular- ly connected with the army, besides a much larger number of smaller laza- rettos. There are more than 3000 sur- geons in the army on a peace footing, and most of them are men of advanced training and high standing in their profession. The hospitals and surgeons in charge are supplied by the state with the lat- est and most improved apparatus for carrying on their work in the best pos- sible manner during the necessary in- conveniences and hardships of an active campaign, The drugs for medical use are pre- pared for the army medical depart- ment in the form of tabloids, with the active principles accurately dosed and put up by the latest machipery, and the bandages and dressings are pre- pared and sent out in sterilized bundles from the state factories, which are the tered against him, or 2 summons, or bill of sale has been registered in his name, he is forever disqualified from operating 4s a member of the London Stock Exchange. There are two agen- cies in London—Messrs. Stubbs and Perry, who keep the closest accounts of financial transactions, and Who have the records of all debt transactions. These agencies keep the Stock Ex- change posted on all persons in debt in * - admiration of all the medical men who have seen them. The present Russian army, as an or- ganization, is only about 30 years oid. It was established by the imperial ukase of January, 1873, by which the whole male pooulation of the empire, with the exception of certain outlying districts, is made llable to military ser- vice, from the beginning of the twenty- first tc the end of the forty-third year. Of this time, the first five spent in the standing army and the re- mainder in the militia. In every year there are more than 1,000,000 recruits reach the age of mili- tary service. The law makes many ex- ceptions. among those who are liable to service, and in ordinary years not more than a quarter of & million, and, per- haps, not that many, actually join the colors, the rest going directly inte the militia. Education is one of the qualities which cut down the length of service. According to the degree of education which Be possesses a young man may have his term of actual military service reduced to three, tWo or even one year. It is from this class that most of the officers in the reserve corps or militia are drawn. 0Old Monitors 2 Wi e ing at League Island Navy Yard, Philadelphia, are the last' of the old monitors, such as the Lehigh, Montauk, Jason, Cancnicus and Nahant, which have been condemned and will prob- ably follow the same course as the preceding ones, which were demolished and sold for old scrap iron. These old civil war monitors also acted as coast defenders during the Spanish-Ameri- can war, but were never in a position to @o active service during that war. The story of the meeting of the Monitor and the Merrimac is well known. One week after the battle of those two vessels, March 16, 1862, an order was given by the Navy Department to Eriesson to build with all possible speed six vessels on the general plan of the Monitor. Three of these vessels were built at the Gontinental Iron Works, where the or- iginal Monitor was constructed, while the others were bulilt elsewhere. « London who nave come under the at- tention of the courts. When an applicant has passed the most rigid examination by the select committee, he is referred to a govern- ing committee, a body of thirty ‘men, before whom he undergoes further e. amination as to the exact nature of the busiress he wishes to transact on ‘Change. Should a would-be meniber pass sat- 1sfactorily all ns, he is re- 500; to find three sureties, taken from existing members of the Stock Exchange, in the:sum of $7500, and to pay annually $150. Seats on the London Stock Exchange are not sold as in New York, Chicago and else- where at high figures; but the scrutiny through which every applying member hag to pass is certainly more exacting than paying down cash any large sum of money. 13 fai h ernate Monday day, ev 3 he is “hammered » secretary, Mr. Edward Satterthwaite, calls out his name, and th thre sharp blows hammer. This is the n ate that can befall a memher of the Stock Exchange. From that moment he ceases to belong to the institution and neither he nor his clerk can again enter its Large sums have been wagered Stock Exchange men as to the manner in which a “hammered” commit suicide. Membe however, are v rars mered. If a broker or jobber is in culties the others usually come to his rescue, unless very gross negligence, not to say dishonesty, is proved The gentleman who has to report to the committee which decides whether a No BroKers Are Well Kncwn and All | Are Regarded as Rather | Suspicious : Characters. e member is td be * Mr. Edward Clarke The spirit of hav habitat in the Exchange. very hors rtance members never let ing gc rnoons also that large dam, Paris With its antiquatec t of five members of means an easy any one or don Stceck Excl bility o TSR g F R g — 2 -+ | OBSOLETE | | BURGLAR PROOF SAFES Es e — —— - - = AKERS of big safes in a fire—is of very different construc- struction of and of safe deposit tion from a burglar proof safe. The in them a vaults are patting perfect system of night watch in ‘:';én“"";’m themselves on the office buildings and ban 4 back over the way the demand for burgiar proof safes. chicazo. their up to date werk Any burglar who touches a safe nowa- among safemakers of be as withstood the fierce days or gets anywhere near the doors as anything ir onslaught of the Bal- of a safe deposit vault is likely to set epting [ < timore fire. Rival makers, in their New hfl an l;‘levl: ; tem :Tv“wu‘;;: i e ~<a’:r:. - York warehouses, exhibit piles ”c. tele- u‘;"‘fl\n!h;"; h:;:‘le hl:x' .|;\nz:{”;‘)‘\\ ”3 iy r.;v.‘_ Stod L grams from agents sent to Baltimore . . 104 naq a bank burglary of any course, but not altogether in on- to look over the ruins, saying that safe . .oone' i New York for 20 year et s number so-and-so came out of the “In constructing fireproof safes for i 1 in the conmstruction flames with nothing injured except the beauty of its appearance, and with the inside “as sweet as a nut,” to quote an expression used in more than a dozen telegrams. Fine safes are numbered, like fine watches, and it is easy tc keep track of them. “The Baltimore fire has given as se- vere a test as could be desired of the safe and the safe-deposit vault that has been brought to perfection within the last ten years,” said the manager of one of the largest safe manufactur- ing firms on Broadway. “At the time of the Chicago fire there was ncthing like them’ in existence. The modern safe is as much of an improvement over those in use then as the modern battle- ship is over those in use during the Civil War. “Fires in one part of the country and another are gradually taking the old- fashioned safe out of existence, and manufacturers are not putting others on the market to take their places. There is no denying the fact that cheap safes are made. Some of them look handsome in an cffice, but they are no more protection against fire than so much wood.. A man who buys one of these safes knows what he is getting for his money, just as well as a man who buys a dollar watch. They are, therefore, not worth considering in dis- cussing the development of the up to date safe. = “Manufacturers used to aim to mak a safe that was both burglar proof and fireproof. They do not do that now. A fireproof safé—that is a safe that will absolutely preserve its contents offices in the skyscraper buildings we have to look out for danger from falls as well as destruction from fire. That is where the modern has stood the supreme test in the Baltimore fire One of our safes, weighing 6000 pounds, fell nine s is barely dented. Not long age one of the modern safes fell 12 stories down the elevator shaft of a New York skyscraper. It cost $1200 to repair the elevator shaft and only to repair the safe the old-time safes were built of small iron plates p iron, it might almost safe ories and 0 «be called—riveted together at the cor- ners. They might keep the fire out all right, but in a fall they went to pieces. “The modern safe is a solid one-piece angle \frame, front nd back, which cannot fall apart. It has eight flanges, compared with four in the old s The bolt-work and lock are away back of the fire-proof filling, and not on the edge of the door, as formerly. The fire- proof filling in the flanges or steps is of asbestos, marble dust and chemi- cals. Each mpanufacturer uses his own composition of chemicals, and keeps it a secret The chemicals generate steam during a fire, which not only assists in preserving the contents of a safe. but reduces the chances of metal expansion. “It follows, naturally, that safes are more expensive than they were. A business man does not hesitate now to spend from $1000 to $5000 on his safe. When you get far above the last-named price you get into vault work, which is a separate branch of the business. Safety vaults usually are built in conjunction with the cop- snever possible not ne Iways possible Sats i» ot much safes B 'tad expensive ot work easily We get the om a ma- terial manuf: the purpose called u men € buying more es than they & because no carrying a 2 tile stock N . = policy unless he keeps his fireoroof safe ag the & in hours when oo . b for business “Burglar ¥ safes ar for wns or ru where th stem of police " night watchmen and burglar a not so perfect as in New the new banking law a of small national banks started all over the country. them were opened in New Y last meonth. New expl chanical dev that are the bank burglar ne improvements in the the bupglar proof safe. arg are “The old-time safe is no longer proo against the burglar who knows how use nitroglycerin. To-day it is ne essary to comstruct the ch strong erough to withstand several charges o. nitroglycerin or dynamite. Steel must be used that will withstand a tensile strain of about 190,000 pounds. Ther: must be absolutely perfect metal con- tact all around. The grooves must be packed with a special preparation, mak- ing the joints proof against explosives. New York Press.