The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, November 14, 1903, Page 8

q.-________—————-}‘ Volcanic Phenomena. "K WRIGHT, A e Giacial Period,” ete.) | ¢ volcanoes is well | i almost complete- 1 by them. Volcanic peaks s all along the mountain m Patagonia to Alaska, i through Kamchatksa, coast to the Malay | > all the islands also ific Ocean either contain ac- s or are of volcanic origin, f the continents nterior wide and peculiar distribu- ferred that their and that it is in the sea. ess often due to the wa- | ough the solid rocks, | the heated mass is thus an eruption he explosion of a s of steam often is- and in some cases e vomited forth, though | such fioods are produced by melting of snmow upon the | of the volcano. . ie The evidence of ancient volcanic action | fou in all the older rocks, and In ¥ t are of recent origin. Many islands in the ocean are nothing but piles of volcanic material thrown up from cra- ters in the bottom of the sea. The Azores, the Canaries, St. Helena and many other | slande have been built up by volcanic »n from great depths. In 1811 the cra- a volcano suddenly emerged from | ear the Azores and ejected vast | lava, stomes and cinders, | and the material filling ¥ cases of old rocks | e since been worn | arts e dike remains as a pre mountain. The Palisa York City, Mounts Tom an | n Massachusetts, East and ns at New Haven, Conn., similar prominences on the esatern fringe of the Alleghany Moun- tains are trap-dikes. So also are the cel- | ebrated Fingal's Cave and the Giant's Caus: Ireland . . e most remarkable outflowings of world are to be found in | ¥ Moun- | 1 miles consist of | plains through which the river 2 places cut a gorge 800 feet deep te beds of volcanic ash The Shoshone Falls altern; c lava For hundreds of miles | between perpendicular | of feet in thick- d flows onward between walls of Java 800 feet in height. Still vaster areas in Northerp California, Oregon, Washing- ton and British Columbia are covered | with lava, in many cases thousands of | feet thick. In all more than 100,000 square | miles are thus covered west of the Rocky | Mountains fact connected with these A startlin great lava flows is that they are so re- cent Professor Miller of the United ological survey demonstrates | Lassen Peak, in Northern Cal- | fornia, vast eruptions of volcante ash and basaitic lava, covering many square | miles, have occurred in less than 200 years. Professor 1. C. Russell, also of the United States geological survey, thinks that still larger volcanic outflows occurred in Idaho within that short per- 10d of time. Indeed, the geysers and boil- ing mud springs of Yellowstone Park would seem to be breathing holes of these deep Internal fires which are still in ac- tion. An area in New Zealand, filled with geysers similar to those in Yellowstone Park, blew up a few years ago and dev- astated that whole region. Geologists would not be surprised if similar explo- sions should take place anywhere in the volcanic region west of the Rocky Moun- tains. Cell Functions. BY W. R. C. LATSON, M. D. (Baitor Health Culture Magazine, New York.) Of all the wonders of cell life perhaps the most striking is the immense variety of the cells, which may be divided into four classes—epithelial cells, connective tissue cells, muscle cells and nerve cells. Of these the most numerous are the epi- thelisl cells, which are of the greatest possible variety in form and function. In the skin and the lining surfaces of certain organs, such as the mouth and throat, they form a protective covering. Upon the surfaces of the throat and bronchiai tubes we find epithelial cells - provided with tiny arms, or cilia, as they are called. These cllia move incessantly back and forth with a peculiar motion, like the stroke of a swimmer's arms—a short, quick stroke toward the mouth, then a slow stroke backward. The object of this movement is to propel toward the mouth, where they may be ejected, the dead cells, particles of inhaled dust and other mat- ters which adhere to the surface of the throat and bronchial tubes. These tiny cells, so small that it would take many thousands of them placed side by side to reach one inch, know their duty so well that not one ever makes a false stroke— always a quick push stroke toward the mouth and a slow withdrawal. Were the stroke to be reversed, were the mucous and foreign matter adhering to the sur- face to be propelled backward into the Jungs, the result would be- serious de- rangement of the general functions, if not death. But the wise little cells know their duty. - . . Then we have that class of epi- thelial cells whose work it is to filter out | soul in lda- | ? sected this plain in a most inter- |8 —_ ¢ the blood stream, absorbs therefrom the elements required to form the particular substance it is to manufacture. After a ccrtain amount has been absorbed the distended cell bursts open and pours forth the completed product. These cells are well called goblet cells, and, since ap- parently they never make the mistake of secreting the wrong substance, it seems hardly fair to deny to them a certain amount of intelligence. These cells are found in many glands, in the intestinal tract and other parts of the body. Other varieties of epithelial, as well as goblet cells, secrete fluid: 7 Then we have the flattened epithelial cells which are joined together to form the smallest and most important of the blood vessels, the capillaries. These tiny tubes are the theater in which the great interchange s made—in which the blood glves up to the tissues its nutrient mat- ter and takes up in exchange the pro- ducts of tiesue death and decay. In a certain sense, perhaps the truest sense, the heart, with all its wonderful powers, the great arterles and the veins are all merely appendages to the capillaries. The epithelial cell is the body’s jack-of- all trades. It-protects the skin and some of the internal tubes; 1t is the great manufacturer of the body—the producer through whose efforts all the many flulds are elaborated; it forms hair and nails (in the animal horns and hoofs and beak) and its countless millions of waving arms throw out of the body certain waste and forelgn matters, the retention of which would be dangerous, if not deadly. Shall we deny it, them, a certain something which may be called individuality, intel- ligence? A Life to Pattern By. In Stevenson’s eve all is not {ll. The skies are not always overcast. In the murk of things he discerns veins of glory that cross and transpire. The secret grace in things peeps out at times. Men | and women are beautiful in perspective. | The pageant of souls across the earth attracts. Love's ordinances are impera- THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 14, 1903. THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL JOBN D. SPRECKELS, Proprctor - . . . - . . - . Address All Commonications to JOHN McNAUGHT, Manager O 4euveeenesnes sesssThird and Market Streets, S. F. SATURDAY CAN STRIKES BE PEACEFUL? N a great city like Chicago, with the majority of its peo- ple of alien birth, the preservation of public order and protection in the peaceful enjoyment of the rights of person and property become matters of national importance. It is 2 field in which union labor has a peculiar opportunity to prove that all of its processes and the accomplishment of all of its great purposes are consistent with complete obe- dience to the law of the land. The claims of union labor are moral claims. - Their pur- pose is to effect a proper balance in hours and wages that shall align with the higher standards of American life, which exceed the standards of other countries. As these are moral claims their peaceful accomplishment is a moral victory. But is an advantage secured by violence, by the use of force, the destruction of life and property, a moral victory? This ques- tion will have to be soberly considered by the leaders af union labor. Some of them made a mistake in the meeting of the Ameri- can Federation in Boston by assailing President Roosevelt. No one has answered his statement of the law, which forbids that he discriminate between classes in Government employ- ment. The member at Boston who said that every man in the convention under the same circumstances would have done just as the President’did made a wholesome statement, for it meant that every one of them would have been mindiul of his oath to enforce the law without discrimination. No one contradicted it. No one denied that he would have acted as the President acted. Therefore it is fair to assume that if they pass condemnatory resolutions they will be censuring the President for doing what they admit they would have done themselves. 5 This incident and the current events in Chicago are in their essence putting popular institutions on trial. Under our system the law is the sole protection of human rights. What- ever wrongs men suffer have their remedy in the law. If | that remedy be withdrawn and the protection of the law fail, then we have no Government at all. When that is estab- tive. The link that binds man to man is a golden thread that girdles the world. | | If pain fills the universe it is because of the discordancy between the internal and | discordancy | the external. And breathes a promise. The world of willing | Is segmental. Action is but an arc in the | circumference of the soul's possibilities. The life of the renunclant strikes the pason below which the minor chords ndle and subside. It is on these heights that we “thrill with the joy of | girded men.” The renunciant is pano- | plied ‘gainst fate. Like Socrates and | picurus, the soul triumphant will dis- course of itself though death be creeping through its mortal members. The fus- | tian of circumstance cannot balk its gaze. It will go on “forever, and fall, and go | on again.”” Noble words! that project the | toward the infinite spaces where upswirling thought is dispersed in the! glow of an exalted intuition. | Paradise lies beneath the shadow of a | all hair. ~Everything is decisive. Each | thought is an Atlas that supports a world of thought.—Benjamin de Casseres in the | November Critic. Feeding Chicago. The number of persons at the noon meal | in Chicago’s 1200 restaurants, 300 hotels and numerous saloons with cafe accom- modations may be safely estimated at | 200,000, or an average of 100 at each. This | is probably an underestimate. The Audi- | torium serves on the average 2000 meals | a day,and in times of rush as high as | %0) & duy (allowing one meal for each | person); and some of the big restaurants | have from 500 to 100 patrons at noon. The cost of a meal varies from 5 cents tc | £, but, by striking an average of 20 cents a total of $10,000 is obtained as the amount | ent daily by the 200,000 downtown work- ers. This sum is considerably increased, | perhaps to $100.000, if we include what is | paid for breakfast and supper by persons who regularly get those meals at hotels and restaurants. This makes a yearly ex- | penditure of $36,000,000 by patrons of hotels | and restaurants. It is hard to ascertain the cost of living In families, at best no more than a rough caiculation is possible. The daily expenditure for provisions for a family of five is probably as much as |81 on the average, of 20 cents a head, making a total of $400,00 a day for the 2,00.000 who regularly get two or three ! meals at home. Here is a grand total of | $150,000,000 for feeding Chicago's 2,200,000 people one year. The item for meat alone | is $36,000,000, or $100,000 a day (for 1,000,000 | pounds at 10 cents a pound). The item for bread (and its equivalent in rolls, dough- nuts, cookies, etc.) is $15,000,000, or $50,000 a day (for 1,000,000 loaves at 5 cents each), | As the number of persons accustomed to ! luxurious living is continually Increasing, the yearly outlay for the city’s food may be as much as $200,000,000, or about $90 | per capita.—The World To-Day. Popular Tunes. It is as hard to account for the popu- larity of certain tunes as it is for the popularity of certain books. One time it was “McGinty” whose adventures at the bottom of the sea took possession of the whistling and organ-grinding world; later it was “Mr. Dooley”; now it i= “Hiawa- tha,” which is described the mad melody that will not stop.” ‘“Hiawatha' has not yet crossed the ocean; “Mr. Doo- ley” has. During the summer just past I spent a ‘ew weeks in North Wales. While lying one day in the heather at lished who will suffer? When the law is no longer sufficient | to protect personal and property rights, then only the strong | hand can get and keep. Where that condition has appeared among men hetetofore the combination of strong hands has built a substitute for popular government, overthrown by | refusal to be mindful of the law. Under such a substitute the | weak, who in combination created the necessity, have been | the sufferers. We state only a fact in human history, but not with the remotest expectation that it is imminent in this country. We believe that the law-abiding American spirit in the labor unions will see clearly that moral victories shoyld be won by moral means and that their results are permanent only when so won. If the country were now furnished the spectacle of a Chicago strike, involving three or four thousand men and the welfare of about twenty thousand depengdents upon them, peacefully begun and carried on to a victory, the benefit to union labor would be incalculable. The peril to human life in Chicago now restrains people from riding on the street cars. Crews and passengers have been assaulted, incurable wounds have been inflicted, distress has been caused to hundreds. Does not any one see that the people in Chicago, the public, the third party to the contro- versy, is forbidden to demonstrate its sympathy with the cause of labor, because it quits the street cars under duress and does not use them through fear? Withdraw all violence, make a moral appeal to the third party, the public, and per- mit the people to give the moral answer by avoiding the cars voluntarily, accepting inconvenience and loss as an ex- pression of sentiment, and union labor would win a victory transcending all that has ever been gained by violence, homi- cide and boycott combined. To do this would be American. It would be in line with the spirit of our political institutions. It would leave the law supreme over the rights of all. The experiment if ever tried at all by union labor must be tried in a community like Chicago. It must be in the midst of a population passionate, cager and busy. If under such circumstances the moral ap- peal succeed the cause of union labor is established. But if the violent processes continue and the third party, the people, restrained by fear, submit sullenly to loss and inconvenience, nothing is settled except the power. of a physical combination to defy the law and substitute itself for government for the time being. We insist that the experiment of a peaceful strike of great magnitude is worth trying, S — \ In the scandalons\inquiry into the charges that local police officers thrive upon the bribery of saloon-keepers nothing, strangely enough, has been said to indicate that our Market-street dives pay dishonest money to comtinue their iniquities in spite of the protests of decency. Is it pos- sible that these dens enjoy protection more powerful than that of ordinary policemen? ‘ under every chip. When these are developed the people will have a complete ground plan and front elevation of his opinions on sociology, government, morals, manners and everything except why an ox sweats through his nose and the nose of a dog is cold. PRESIDENTIAL IDEAS. ANDIDATE HEARST lays the eggs of an idea the top of a mountain 1000 feet above the village of Penmaenmawr, with noth- ing but the occasional note of a bird to break the silence, up from the village below came the sound of a hand organ, and the strains of “Mr. Dooley” were wafted to the mountain top. “Is there no escape from this all-pervading tune?’ I thought, as I wandered farther back up the mountain to get rid of it, but all the way I stepped in time to the music that I thought I had left behind me in New York. Later in the season I crossed over to Paris. One evening I was driving back of the open-air theaters that line the Champs Elysees. Stopping the carriage for a moment I sald to the friend who was with me: “Wait a minute and you will hear a characteristic French song” I bad scarcely spoken the words when “Meester Doolee” floated out over the lanterns and “fairy lights” and above the noise of the popping corks.—The Lounger in the November Critic. Echoes From St. Louis. ‘The herbs with which the Indian “med- icine man” used to heal the red man will form an interesting exhibit at the World's Fair. Dr. J. W. 3 at the State experimental station at Boze- man, Mont., is making the collection. The collection will also embrace many that grew wild and were used by the In- dians as food. Among these food products is the sunflower. The latest is the elaborate statement of his idea about the discipline of children. His feelings are hurt by the occa- sional correction of unruly youngsters by their mammas in public. If a mischievous little one gets so full of ginger that it insists on wiping its muddy shoes on the immaculate skirts of a strange lady and refuses to desist until it becomes recessary for the mamma to slap its hands Mr. Hearst ad- vises that any one who sees this maternal atrocity shall walk over and hit the offending mamma a sounding thwack on the head or a right hander on the solar plexus, remarking by way of explanation, “How do you like it yourself?” In some cases he would vary the treatment by strangers calling the mother “a brute.” The proof of the string is in chewing the pudding, or words to that effect. A reformer should have the courage of his convictions, and we beg to suggest that Candidate Hearst try it on. The next time he sees a mother correct an unruly child when moral siasion has failed let him go up and box the offending mother’s ears, or give her a punch in the cor- set, or call her a brute. We are of the opinion that as soon as her husband or other male protector can identify him the ‘candidate will have an opportunity to acquire ecchymosed optics and maybe a broken nose, if not the sufferer by in- juries still more serious. 2 No one advocates the whipping of children and the cases of punishment in public or private are so rare that they rather prove the rule to be abstention from thatmethod of correc- tion. But Mr. Hearst sees the rule to be the other way and his desire to mind everybody’s business induces him to ad- | vertise American motherhood as a system of unfeeling | ++....NOVEMBER 14, 1903 They learned a proper respect for the rights of others and had notions of morality that restrained them from shameless and public exhibitions of sumptuous immorality. Whether it was the slipper or not men and women were reared to morality and decency. While the public discipline of a child is rare and is to be avoided as long as it can be without harming the child by teaching it irresponsibility for its acts, there are other things shown in public and flaunted before the faces of young and old which inflict lasting injury upon morality. Will Candidate Hearst go so far as to advise that when public men and those who want to be set public exam- ples of indecency and immorality it is the duty of the looker on to go over and give the offénder a good kicking? It is easy to advise a public assault upon a tired mother, worried by the willfulness of an unruly child. She cannot resist, and while it is unmanly to strike or insult her it is periectly safe. But how about giving a publicly immoral and | indecent man a bull's dose’of the same medicine? o e e e Consequent upon incessant and obviously unnecessary public speaking Emperor William has strained one of his vocal chords to such a degree as to alarm his physicians and his people. If it were not to excite a suspicion that we have a grudge against William’s subjects we might sug- gest that the Emperor's medical advisers consult with Wil- liam Jennings Bryan, the man with the iron throat. THE AMERICAN COLLEGE SLOGAN. HE staid old Westminster Review of London has so T far relaxed its austere dignity as to dwell at some length upon that remarkable freak, the American col- lege yell. As if it were dissecting a new species of star fish the Review carefully analyzes the component parts of the yell, segregates it into its elements and even goes so far as to reproduce—much to the evident discomfiture of the lino- type man—several “‘college cheers” picked at random from the rare assortment offered irom the nine hundred and ninety- nine American institutions of culture. “Friends of religious education,” says the Review, “will sigh to learn that the simpler ‘cheers’ in the various cases enumerated are those of non-sectarian institutions, while the more elongated and cacaphonous are Baptist and Methodist Episcopal respect- ively.” The specialist on the Review has done a great work, has made a contribution to contemporary phonetics which should live through the ages and find an honored place in the British Museum so that coming generations may read and have understanding. For what American writer, living here in the midst of these fearful and wonderful phenomena of latter day humanities, would dare to approach a task so fraught with live interest but imposing such unlimited re- search in these bleak November days when the chrysanthe- mum blossoms and the football gear transforms our young men into semblances of Normandy truck horses—days when the dog crawls under the front porch and the college yawp is in the air? The expert phonologist who seeks the derivation and the historical usage of the college yell finds his path beset with difficulties. At first blush it would seem to be of primitive Indian origin on account of the gutturals and the general bloodthirsty import of its tenor. But the records of the early pioneers tell us that the Indian war cry had a singular sameness and definiteness of expression to it in®hich the col- lege cry is lacking. Nor can it be conjectured that the slo- gan is compiled as the result of the imitative instinct of those residing in the vicinity of a nail foundry, for again the diversified rhyme scheme .prohibits this theory. “Eat ‘em up—chop 'em up—give 'em the ax—Bdrkeley”; the crux remains one of the seven days’ marvels of modern culture. “Yell; it will do your lungs good,” said a president of ore of our Western universities. That is the solution of the whole problem. Physical culture and mental training have ever gone hand in hand. All work and no play has the ten- dency to render Jack mentally incompetent. So dignified Judges of the Superior bench, solid bankers, ministers of the Word and street car conductors lift their voices with those of the college youth in a grand paean to the healthful exhilaration of the true college yell. S—— A New York widow, unduly impressed by the value of rno'ney. died in squalor the other day and left five hundred thousand dollars to two daughters. The young ladies will probably correct the mistake of their parent and live justly observant of the rights of society to share in a judicious circulation of cash. e ——————— . COLOMBIAN RAGE. HE spite shown against Americans in‘ Bogota by ston- T ing their houses and shutting them indoors is not dis- quieting, for it is nothing new. The opponents of the administration will point to it as caused solely by the Pan- ama affair. But it is simply a fresh expression of the con- tempt for Americans and their rights that has been the rule for years in most of the Latin-American states. OQur citizens have been robbed by Salvador and ordered to leave or stay and be killed. They have been imprisoned in Honduras, while their property was being stolen, and then released without trial and ordered out of the country without explanation. American gentlemen have been attacked on the streets of Central American capitals, insulted in clubs, de- spoiled and humiliated, and our Government has not ex- tended its protection because these outrages were committed by “our weak sister republics.” While we have protected the integrity of their te-ritory and sovereignty against Eu- rope by the Monroe doctrine the most unpopular and unsafe man down there has always been the American. It is time to change this. Once let it be understood that injury or denial of justice to an American will be swiftly and sternly punished and there will be a change. If the Panama matter be the means of such a change of policy it will be vindicated. Our people must be instrucled in the nature and customs of those Governments. They have excellent republican ¢ stitutions, which are as much regarded as-tea chest l;bz With few exceptions the administration is entirely autocratic. What Khan, Shah, Mogul or Emir in Asia, in all history, was ever more absolute than Castro of Venezuela? His ex- ecutive order suspends the bill of rights in the constitution and drags a man from his pillow to a dungeon to be chained to the walls, and murdered. So also it takes from his family at midnight a Justice of the Supreme Court, throws himin a dungeon, and at daylight puts another on the bench with orders to reverse a decision that was not agreeable to the President. If Panama will furnish an example of en- lightened and truly republican government its revolutionary establishment will be remembered as the origin of a useful movement in Latin-American politics. | — missionary “Quartz” on Popularity. “These here ‘lectfons is purty good things by which to calcilate a man's pop- ularity, but I don't think they're alto- gether satisfacory as the scheme Blue Dick enjineered up in Candaleria,” said Quartz Blllings last night as he stirred the “gum” thoroughly in a glass of “pizen,” using his lean Index finger for the delicate operation. “Blue Dick was a jinuine bad man, so bad that every time he made a sudden move he pulled a gun on hisselft—kinder skeered of hisself, you know. Well, one day Blue Dick gets it inter his head that he wasn't so popular as he'd like, so he puts up a job with the proprietor of the Purity saloon so as to kinder separate his friends from his enemies. “‘Blue Dick climbed on the billiard table in the fear room of the Purity, crossed his hands over his breast, an’ the proprie- tor of the groggery tenderly covered him over with a sheet. “A minute later a customer was stand- ing at the bar. . “*‘Too bad about Blue Dick, ain’t it? said the proprietor of the Purity, heavin' a heavy sigh. “ ‘What's the matter with Blue Dick?' says the customer. * ‘Dead; just fell over back there on the billiard table. Thought of takin’ up a col- lection to bury him. Will you help out? “Back to the table went the customer, lifted up the sheet an’ looked for a mo- ment at the calm, crooked nose of Blue Dick, an’ returnin’ to the bar tosed a $i Eold plece to the proprietor. ‘There's my share of the expense for burying the poor devil. ‘Good man, Blue Dick,’ says he. “Then up rose the corpse. When the skeered customer had been some mollyfled Blue Dick helped him drink up the five that had been advanced toward the funeral expenses. Shaking hands with the man he knew to be his friend, Blue Dick went back to the table as a corpse. “Then Popcorn Ramoan cum in. “.‘Hear about Blue Dick?" says the vie- tim. ‘Dick's dead—back there on the tal g ' ‘Good thing he's dead,’ answers Ra- moan, sorter ofthand. ‘He was no good anyhow." “Up jumps Blue Dick, with his gun al- ready drawred, an’ everybody takes to the timbers while he an’ Popcorn fights it out. Jes as the doctor was a-probin’ Blue Dick’s innards for the lead, he ups an' says, ‘Well, I allus knowed that greaser Cuss was an enemy o’ mine.’ " Shafter's Bear Hunt. “‘Old Mitch,” the armorer over at the University of California, is the uncrown- ed king of the student body. The select few whom he delights to honor consider it a privilege to sit down In his office under the gymnasium and hear the old ex-sergeant spin off tales of life in the army. One day “Mitch” stuffed a cigar into his pipe—that.is a favorite trick of bhis—and began to grow reminiscent. “Well, sir,” began “Mitch,” “I have hunted bears several times myself and I have seen others hunt them, but I will never forget the time that General Shaf- ter went after big game. I -was with Miles then, up in the Yellowstone coun- try, and Shafter came through the post on a trip north. Shafter said he wanted to get some. bear hunting and so Miles and a few of us took the general in an army wagon up on one of the forks, where we knew the beasts were to be found. After we had been on the road some hours we spofted an old she one and her cubs off on a little level flat some rods from the road. We let the general take a shot at the bear, but he missed and she went off into the bushes. Nothing would do but that Shafter must go af- ter her, so he started and the rest of us staid in the wagon so that he could have all the sport of bringing her down. Well, Shafter disappeared in the bushes and there was no noise for a minute, and then we heard a shot. We were just saying that the general must have made his kill when we heard a yell, and here comes Shafter. “He came out of those bushes on the jump, waving his gun and going over the high places like a rabbit. You know that must have been going some for General Shafter. Behind him about a hundred paces was the she bear with her back humped up and slapping at her sides as she ran. The general was coming down hill toward us and was right in line with the bear, so we could not take a shot at her without being in danger of hitting Shafter. ““Well, sir, the way General Shafter came down that slope was something to remember. Finally he tore up to the wagon and we hauled him in over the tailboard. Then one of the men shot the T, “When Shafter had got his breath some he turned to Miles and said: ‘Miles, I don’t think much of your new carbines out here. They would not be of much good in a forced retreat.’ And he broke the gun at the breech and showed Miles the empty shell, which had lodged in the chamber.” The Trail Beautiful. Here starts the trail— redwood tree— Thi Walk down the cool he or ing e seas? Again, again, Dinner and the Play. Mr. Pinero’s expression, in a publie speech in London, of a hope that some day serious plays would begin at 7 o’clock in the evening, so as to end at 10:30, or +* . who constitute a large part of the theat- rical patronage, it would be a serious fn- convenience to have to get to the theater any earlier than at present, and it is asserted by some of the commentators, with argument to back it, that a change to the earlier hour suggested would cause a change in the character of the audi- ences and a falling off in attendance that would not be satisfactory to the managers in the matter of finance. Members of one trade that might be in some wise af- fected by the change—that of serving the after theater supper—are so far silent on the subject.—Philadelphfa Ledger. Clothes Make Englishman. An American observer in London takes occasion to comment upon some peculiar and strictly English rules of dress, as fol- lows: ““There is the rule that every broker on 1h ndon Stock Exchange must wear a silk hat and that every barrister prac- ticing In the courts must appear in black coat and waistcoat. The new broker who enteis the exchange in other headgear will find it a wreck in a very few seconds, and the rcvice at the bar who gets up to address the Judge in a white walstcoat or a gray suit has been known to get this admenition from the bench: “I canmot hear you in that dress,” and the client has to suffer until his lawyer dons the regulation garb. The rule is as firmly established as the clergyman's black broadcloth and plain white neckband. The wearing of similar clothes in trans- acting similar business by those who alone are legally- entitled to do it—be it dealing in stocks or arguing law cases— brings those coneerned, says this dress philosopher, on a correct . professional piatform. It brings them eye to eye a regard for each other and for the busi- ness in hand. As one who is an enthu- siast, besides a thinker, he maintains that all the vaunted Anglo-Saxon greatness is founded on the sagacious instinct for re- peatedly chauging clothes. He will him selt analyze the matter in his private smoking-room, having not only dressed for dinner ealier in the evening, but put aside his black tail for a dandy marooa smcking jacket. It is the apotheosis of the cult.” Old Jokes the Best. “It must be very discouraging to the men who write comedy, and especially to the men ‘who write the librettos of the musical comedies, to realize that the old jokes are the ones that invariably get the laugh,” sald the /veteran a goer. “I have frequently observed this state of affairs. The original humor that the author places in the mouths of his characters never seems to appeal to an audience like the moss-grown jests that are evidently interpolated. In faet, the older a joke fs, the more welcome it seems to be. I suppose it's on the prin- I ciple that old friends are best. tended a performance the other evening that was full of laughs, and most of the lines were original; but the thing that struck the audience as being the funniest bit in the show was when the principal comedian drinks champagne for the first time, makes a grimace and says: It feels just like your foot was asleep.’ Then the people howled and nearly fell out of their seats. And yet I'll venture to say the joke, if you can call it a Joke, is at least twonty-five years old. It just 8oes to show that familiarity doesn’t al- ways breed contempt.”’—Philadelphia Rec- ord. ‘Answers to Queries. RUSS GARDENS—Newcomer, City. The Russ Gardens, which in the early fifties In San Francisco was a popular pleasure resort, was located on the southwest corner of Sixth and Harrison streets. VICTORIA HOSPITALS-C. B. City. For information relative to medical schools, students in such and hospitals in Victoria, B. C., address a letter of inquiry to Abraham E. Smith, United States Consul at that place. PRESIDENT—Subscriber, City. There is no limit to the number of times an eligible person may run for the office of President of the United States, but in view of the fact that George Washington set the example it is very doubtful if any one would be elected for a third term. BOOKS-J. N., City. In answer to your question, “Have written two books and would be pleased if you would inform me as to how I can make my talent known to the general public?” this de- partment suggests that you have the books published and distributed to the book sellers. INDIA MUTINY—J. F. D., San Diego, Cal. Mutinies in the Bengal army, India, at Barrackpore, etc., when several regi- ments were disbanded occurred in March, 1557, and again on 'May 10, 187, at Meerut, near Delhi, when the mutineers seized Delhi, committed many outrages and proclaimed the King of Delhi Empe- ror. SNOWBALL PARTY-H. M. S, Fol- som, Cal. A gnowball party such as was recently given by an organization in San Francisco, is gn ordinary dancing party at which between numbers the dancers pelt each other with “snowballs.” These are tissue paper filled with small bits of white paper, like confetti, and when one strikes a person it breaks and the white fragments are released in a shower. TAMMANY HALL—Subseriber, City. Some time before the year 1800 there ex- isted in several leading cities of the Union many es named Tammany, after a Delaware chief noted for his age and wvirtue. In the course of time all these ns passed out of exfstence ex- cept the one in New York City, which was established May 12, 1789. Its object in the beginning was wholly in the interest of charitable effort, but in the “process of the suns” the original purpose was entirely lost sight of and it became iden- tified with the Democratic party. Townsend's its S S B e st.. above Call bldg. *