The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, August 21, 1903, Page 9

THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, FRIDAY, AUGUST 21, 1903. 5 NEWS OF THE COUNTY OF ALLAMEDA 3 + | + 'S BERKEIL.EY OAKLAND AT AMED NEWS OF THE COUNTY OF ALAMEDA LOEB PHYSIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE AT THE STATE UNIVERSITY IS DEDICATED TO SCIENCE BEFORE A BRILLIANT GATHERING OF NOTED EDUCATIONAL MEN ARMED MEN PATROL NEW FERRY-BOATS Guards With Shotguns| Keep Close Vigil on Steamers. Myst ery Marks Attempts to Board Yerba Buena and San Jose. NSRBI 1 harbor, east of been put med posse of tguns, it no 2 big defense e myster of insur- last Saturday rs went to watchmen 1 a tw SEEKING EXPLANATION. reasor these . rineering Compans’'s prop . Besides, we why any insurance eom . reasc r sending men t e way to the steamers. With the k of information we heve at ADVERTISEMENTS. | GOLD CROWNS AT COST. erviceable and artistic; r come off. Pivot teeth ted from the natural. 1 and twisted teeth regulated free. E. Cleaning free. Painless methods. y. Twenty years' guarantee. eok days 9 to 9: Rupdays. 9 to L. POST-GRADUATE DENTAL COLLEGE | I 7/ Z” Masterly Addresses Are Professor Ostwald and the Eminent Biologist. ERKE Aug. 20.—-With ap- | propriate ceremonies the new | Loeb Physiological Laboratory | as tc v dedicated to the cause of sclence and the uses of the University of California dedicatory address was delivered by Professor Wilhelm Ostwald of -eipzig, the greatest of all living cnem- ists, who came half-way around the world for this very purpose. Professor Jacques Loeb, his former pupil and intimate friend, and at whose solicitation he came California, spoke, t00, his words deal- ng with the significance of the laboratory s began with a procession, of the librar The mem- 1cademic officers ng ranks 1% inward, the several mar yon, age, the or- the pr ssion ersed. WARMLY RECEIVED. Harm A was crowded with Pr inguish d agai ge va- hand th Ostwald d The d red with ai cheer the ve of his st sile duced Professor a ced pical , but that is the fie n worlc the Univer- he act was called was sp 1 in p: of , where when he address Ly y ik p. The ve, siender ¢ 1 ! and engines and Above that the captain is -~ w surely and fear steer er the high seas of e you the wonderful jour hat 1 s aiready made and of th t es which he has thereby won t ainty that s pos gible in ily one question is ver weather be? ay is much like e covery of five hundred swn _land 1 all new discoveries in around overstep the boun- whatever n we may daries of the unknown. NECESSITY FOR SCIENCE. + we have to do truly with a science of pecial questions of mathematics and hemistry have no place here. Rather sha we have to with the guestion as to how each individual sclence develops irre- spective of its contents. Such a sclence as this soarcely exists at the present time. There ave, it is true, appeared several valuable preparatory studies along this line. On the other hand the special bistories of the various individual sciences have been very thoroughly and comprehensively investigated, and the definition of concepts in the philosophy of to- day comes very near to his problem. Still one misses the discussion of the historical develop- ment for the most part in this part of phi- I em not prepared to theorize upon Our people fail We not_taking any chances and will boats from any possibility of t say that the men went thére 1o do damage, or injure the boats in any way, present. ihe possibilities of the matter to understand what prompted the visit. are. however. fully protect the harm, 1 will no ‘ew of the lack of satisfactory expla- I e Whail maintain a heavily armed pa- trol on the property. Assistant Manager Brown said the gteamers had been insured against fire, and that it was not customary, so far as he knew, for the insurance companies to send agents to watch insured property where the owners had taken all proper precautions for protection. Delivered by as of the common factors in sciences. But from both sides ubted tendency toward the | this fleld of knowledge, may expect in the near future elopment of & “‘biology of science.”* we have here to do with a true A rock or a comet has no ot in so far as we are able of judging, their existence has no ning to them. But we, who not only wish | ur position, but also to better it, 1 e in order to do this, for in order to attain to anything we must know our con- itions of existence, and in order to improve anything we must know the possibilities of in- losophy . as well he ind an opment we un Just e reality slogical problem ¢ scie because, fluencing these conditions. The broadest and surest knowledge that we hawe of these things s that which we call sclence If we esk ourselves what is the most general ch has 1 operative in histerical | T times well known to us and i1l operative we. recog he fact that this process is the | nquest all intellectual fields by scien | en we picture to ourselves the most primi- | conditis n the opment of man- see that without doubt that at in- 1 at people t best foresaw the conditions of future In the end has always en victor the strugg for existence, how to influence conditions. conditions_in which® the fist al strength, seems to decide n here we see skill, that is tific factor, counterbal- | portion of mere brute | this portion increases as devel- 3 greatest leaders of | s been those who m n will_be made here | usiomed to look upon the law [ tical organizers, and not upon rs and inventors, as the leaders of and it will be well to bring this ap- ntradiction o order at this point y regularities of natural oit influenced action of the same word, name- y at thing which the tical law-makers have done lies th have brought certgin action to the possibility of | ' id not know the In- | actions, it was heces e external rules, or laws, in | . These may agree mors or ychological and biological laws licable to the phenomena The ecloser this agreement, the more | have be these 1 and_the | and m ential have these law- | political and moral | to biological condi- those fields are | 1 to fall un- | fene | B nds, and particularly those | estéem, have made a most - , this point of view, when atscu these matters, from which that it e probable that ihis objection has occurred to you. We are accustomed to onnect sensations with those things which we have discussed, to which we ascribe a greai lue and which we permit to exert a great | nfluence upon ug. We look at the moral and | ical laws with a different feeling from with which we look at the laws of physics or of chemistry, with a feeling which we call e. And then there nother great cla that seeme to be entirély withdrawn from | the influence of sclence, and which neverthe- | Jess exerts a great and valuable influetice on | ur lives, namely, the field of art. Here algo | there are more of less stirring sensations which | move us, and lead us to belleve that art is something h carries us beyond our com- mon nature and our ordlnary condition. This sensation of the beautiful, the great, the strong, nal, we do not Wish to destroy or 16 and the d charm ¢ fore those who see the life in these things pro- | violently against their absorption by nce, aseribing 1o science sobriety and cold- the exact opposites of those sensations. Now, In such an audience as this, where each of us In some way or other has dedicated the better part of his life to science, I'do not need to speak of so elementary a thing as the fact that sclence certainly demands sobernesg and coldpess from its children, in so far as matters of criticism are concerned, i. e., in so far as the proving of their work is concerned, to determine whether it isgeound and trust- worthy or not. But none t mands of us reverence; reveremce before that which is the most enduring things that we know; reverence before. truth. This results from 'the fact that there is no running away from the truth. No matter how hidden an error may be; no matter how well it may be disguised in the clothing of truth; we all know that it will nevertheless be discovered and driven forth, that the inner life of sclence knows how to put to rout all such foreign enemjes with irresistible power. And indeed this process takes place the more rapidly mnd energetically, the more free the communic tion between the true and thé false members of the organism, because in this way the un- bearable character of the false is sooner real- ized. Only such errors can maintain them- selves in the sclentific organism for consid- erable periods as exist in isolated portions of the organism, iike an enclosed forelgn body, and have only a mechanical relationship to the other portions of science. Therefore there is no better way to test the truth of a scientific concept than to bring it into connection with as many parts of science as possible. We shall have occasion to discuss this matter more thor- oughly later, The fact that we do not as yet recogni: thia_irresistible power of sclence as a subject of daily- thought and experience {s the reason why the feeling of reverence does not arise in us . with such strength when we m.&' sclence as it does when we think of things whose greatness and strength we have been accustomed to honor from our youth up. ¢ less, science de- — classification s to that extent arbitrary, that one can introduce numerous intermediate steps between those already given, and by this means take account of smaller differénces. Thus sociology and anthropology may be introduced between biology and psychology, while physical chemistry would lie between physics and chem- fstry. But I do not need to go further into this matter. Of greater importance, perhap would be the introduction between mathematics and geometry, of the science of chronology, or the laws of time (not to be confounded with historical, geological ' or astronomical time), still, these considerations would carry us too far. It is very essential for our problem how- ever, that we glearly understand that blology faveives sil of the preceding sclences. from the theory of manifolds to chemistry: that is, all biological phenomena are subject to the laws of these sciences. In exactly the same way all chemical phenomena are subject to the laws of mathematics and of plysics, and indeed 1n such a way that no chemical law will, if it is correct, contradlet any law of physics or of mathematics. But the laws of mathematics and of physics do not by any means exhbaust all that can be sald about chemical phenomena, and the qualitative dif- ferences of substances, which form the sub- ject matter of chemistry, cannot be sufficient Tor completely worked out by the implement of those scienices. The cause lies in the fact that in chemistry we have to do with a richer manifoldness than in the priceding sclences. Whether we charge a sphere of gold or an equally large sphere of carbon to one hundred volts makes no difference so lonx as we are considering only the physical, i. e., here, fhe electrical phenomenon. But whether we burn a sphere of sulphur or an equally large sphere of carbon, makes, chemically considered, an irreconcilable difference. Thus also the chem- ical composition of a living man is not dif- ferent from that of a dead one, While, bio- logically considered, the difference is a great one, since the first can nourish itself and propagate its kind, while the second cannot. Here you may perhaps find some objections, but I scarcely belleve that you will be able to change matters much. At the most it might be necessary to our definition of life to be somewhat more exact From what has been said there follows di- rectly the answer to the much discussed ques- tion as to whether the laws of chemistry an physics are sufficient to explain all Liological sense the answer must phenomena. In_one be yes, in another sense no. Y-4 in so far as all biological phenomena lie within the realm of possibilities given by those sciences. No, in so far as within this realm undoubtedly a greater manifoldness will be given than can be completely represented by physics and chemistry. Perhaps it will make matters clearer if we look into the analogous relationship that ex- ists between mathematics and physics. Most certainly all physical phenomena are to be classifiad under the concept of quantity, and to this extent physics may be considered as a part of mathematics. But just as certainly o SAcouss Lozs o But when we have once science as that which control then we know of nothing more earned to look upon | our whole life, powerful nor more worthy of reverence. ART IS CHANGEABLE. Here, also, We are, to o _certain extent, im- pressed with the superiority of scienee, for, while weé do not doubt at such scientific results as were cited above will last so long | as culiure itself lasts, we hestitte to utter | the same judgment upon the artistie pm.mul tions. We cannot deng th th are traces of age Aeschylus, . s which | most certainly do not pro e the same effoct upon us as they most c inly did upon the | people of Aeschylus' own tin And it is likewise possible for us to think of times when the ninth mphony will longer be able to produce greater effect than is now pro duced by a sympheny of Haydn This points to the possibility art itself ined to_become gradually absorbed by | 1 m willing t ¥ eve that this point of view will find ve tive, and even ry denial. 1 wish to say, ‘efore, that | lly I ha K art for many ele nd beau ¥ music and | courage whe A work, 1 huve been forced t But 1 not. but feel that 8 | imperfection, and not o much of thé impor- | fection of nce as of my own self. For science, in the sense In T speak of it to-day, exists only in its 1 rings, and the | ‘human organism has not progressed far in 1ts | adaptation to it. Thus all of us suffer more | or less from atavistic tendencies, which find their clearest expression ir pérpetual con plaining about the uninterrupted growth of =elence in scope and in complexity Thi we,; ¥ and ltkewise our children and grandeh: n, will still enjoy many beautiful and grand hours under the inflience of art, for there will always be fields of human experience | fnto which sclence has fiot yet penetrated, | and ig which art will rule without any lim- ftations. But it is likely that to a future race which psychology drama of the day wiil appear sufficlent as the first attempts of a four-y old child at picture making has gained control many a treasureq the science of psychological naive and in- Science is an organism that steadily strug- gles for self-preservation and development Therefore it is provided with organs for self- regulation, by means of which the useful 18 furtherbd ‘and the harmful suppressed. Now such organs can only come Into nction after these processes which are to be regulated are themselves in action. Thus each regulator | cannot, under any condition, act without a4 certain lag. From this it follows that sclence, like any other self-regulating apparatus, must osclilate about an average condition. This av- erage condition is not necessarily unchangeabls with the time; on the other hand, it is in our case In a state of uninterrupted progress, be- cause science may only Increase—it can hever diminish. Further we have several sources of energy, each with its own regulating appar- atus; therefore we have to do with a num. ber of superimposed periods which will give s & rather complex picture, and occasionally, for example, by the addition of several max. ima or minima, which are in themselves smal), a vety large elevation or depression may bé produced. DIVISION INTO FIELDS. One of the most influential components of these movements is at the present time espe- clally easy of recognition. We have just passed through a perlod of specialization, in which all sclence has been most strictly divided into its separate flelds, and are now entering an epoch where the synthetic factors are acquir- ing o greater and greater significance, Con- sider for a moment, ladles and gentlemen, what you see to-day. in the lecture room of & blological institute there speaks to you on this important occasion a man who is not only no blologist, but who, on the other hand, was ex- pressly invited because he is known as the rep- resentative of a sister sclence. And this man is again the product of the synthesis of two other related sciences, physics and chemistry. And furthermore, when this man seéeks to gather for you the best that his garden offers, he brings you no word of physics nor of chem- fstry, but rather thoughts whose subject is the triad—physics, chemistry and blol nd whose object is & group of problems which i clude these and many other sclences. This is no nfll?e-ul ‘matter, but the genuine expres- in * (Goveryae . GEZOZGE < AuenEs L - *| | BIOLOGICAL INSTITUTE DED- | ICATED YESTERDAY AND SOME WHO PARTICIPATED. L » v s 3 slon of the struggle of full. Everywhere the individual seiences are seeking to find their voints of contact with one another; everywhere the investigator examines his own speclal its. to what bearing they Rave most_general questions: short, all sciences are beginning to phil- osophize. Nowhere the struggle toward fundamental explanation so great as in biology A glance into biological ature shows us at n may | which these days are | 1 | once with what a vast deal of earnestness and energy the biologists are struggling to throw light upon the fundamentatl principles of their science. When one aftempts a general classification of the sciences one comes soon to the result that they do not exist alongside of one an- other, but rather that they include ome an- other, and in a remarkably réciprocal manner, which allows of a semewhat imperfect metrical representation. Human the direct object of all sciences. Ivery experl- ence Is composed of an unlimited number of components; of these components only a few aro taken into conslderation, according to the specific purpose; all others are left out of con- sideration. Thus @ given sclence includes the more exveriences the smaller the number of components considered; and it includes con- versely the more components the narrower the cholce of experiences. Thus that science which, from the ome point of view is the broadest. is from the other point of view the narrowest, and conversely. In order to give you at least an approximate concéption of these relations I wish to call your attention to this sketch, in which the number of experiences I8 represented herizontally and the number of components vertically. Thus you can see that the theory of manifolds is the most Inclugive and nar- rowest of sclences, because it irfcludes all ex- perfences, but considers these experfences from only one side, namely, that each is a distin- gulshable object: on the other hand, psychology fa the narrowest and most Inclusive aclence, because it deals only with phenomena which have to Go with the human brain (or if one prefers, the human soul), but takes into con- sideration all possible componénts. Thus, If we start with the theory of man- ifolds, arranging the sciences in ‘a regular sories, we see that each science in the series involves the preceding, but reaches beyond this, in that it deals with new components with which the preceding science had nothing to do. Its scope is thereby maile narrower as it has to do only with experlences which | possess the new components. Thus mathe- atics has to do with the theory of manifolds, but only with such manifolds as possess quan- tity. Geometry has to do with manifolds, but only with such as possess the properties of epace, Physics treats of special objects, but only in so far ns the different forms of energy are active upon them, while chemistry has to do with physical objects, which are distin- guished from one another by qualitative dif- ferences, apart from those due to the pres- ence of any other forms of energy. In this system, blology Is that sclence whizh has to do with such chemical objects as show a tationary condition of energy, that is, such geo- xperiénce is show the phenomena of nourishment and of propagation. Psychology, finally, has to do_with life processes, only In so far as they exhibit spiritual functions, from which it is easy to see that the intellectual processes of mankind -are almost the only things concern- ing which we possess moderately certain knowledge. It 1s probably needless to say that this is it impossible complete sical phenomenon wi alone. We can, for example, © represent the phenomena that with the conduction of an with that degree of accuracy Wwhich tainable by the present methods of But we cannot mathematically represent the difterence between this process and the con- duction of heat through the same body, here there are found new. sorts of i ness which are not treated in ma but receive attention i physics. Since now the mechanists and the v matter Kkable | President view, ‘while it | ssible that there be more | than’ one truth. 4 we know the members of both camps to be earmest and upright | seekers after truth DR. LOEB SPEAKS. we may be sure that the new departure of American universities has won for this country the sympathy of European na- tions. Continuing, he said in part: One of the fundamental problems of biology is to find a definite answer to the question whether or not it Is possible to make living matter out of dead matter. No one has thus far succeeded in trans- forming dead matter into living matter, and no one has thus far observed the spon- taneous generation of .an organism in nature. In consequence of this fact Arrhenius assumes that living matter has eternally existed, and has been carried through the universe from star to star In the shape of extremely minute particies, such as spores at or below the limit of microscoplc visibility, He has calculated that electrical charges of these particles and radiation pressure suffice to bring about a transmission of living particles from one star to another in & comparatively shoft time, On the other hand, however. we are warned by a number of reasons mot fo be too hasty in as- suming the impossibility of ablogenesls. As far as we know, the substances found in liv- ing_orgamisms are chemically well character- ized and can be obtained outside of living organisms, or plant from a microscopic germ to its adult state depends upon a constant transformation of dead matter into living matter. Did this transformation not oceur contantly in all liv- ing beings no living organism would be left to-day, As far as the dynamiecs of this trans- formation of dead matter into living matter in- side of an organism is concerned we know that no other specific agencies are evolved than enzymes. The action of enzymes, however, does not seem to differ in any way from the action of Inorganic catalytic agencies. I do not_think it too bold to prophesy that the gen- eral physio-chemical character of these en- zymes will sooner or later be cleared up. As regards the oxidizing enzymes the goal seems ® be already in sight. CHANGING OF SPECIES. Another problem of transformation faces the modern biologist, namely, that of transforming one species into another. If living organisms have arisen from dead matter the first forms of living matter must have been simple in structure, and perhaps not more complicated Moreover. the growth of an animal | | Dr. Loeb, who was then introduced, said th the dedication of a new laboratory intended for sclentific research is an event in which everybody may _rejoice and which no one need regret. The | e of Dr. Ostwald, he said, was the great- est distinction which could be bestowed upon t university by the scientific world. It is being recognized that the economic, hygienic and Intellectual pro- gress of a nation depends directly upon the results of scien researc Ameri- can universities are just taking their rirst | steps towara giving research that place which it has occupied for several gen- erations in European and especially Ger- man universities. If one of the leaders of scientific thought is willing to ieave | his work to participate in the inaugura- tion of a laboratory on the Pacific Coast | | | ferentiattion than, for exa | restrictions or | ology are greater than, TAKES A BAIE UNEXPEETEDLY Murray Laidlaw Finally Enters the List of Benedicts. Oakland Office San Franeisco Call, 1118 Broadway, Aug. 20. The many friends of Murray Laldlaw, ex-Library Trustee and candidate for the office of City Treasurer at the last elec- tion, will be much surprised to learn that he was very quietly marrfed last night to Mrs. Carrie Cleveland-Akerley, daughter of L. C. Cleveldhd of 118 East Nineteenth street, East Oakland. T ceremony was performed at 8 o'clock at the home of Rev. Thomas Baldwin, for- merly pastor of the First Baptist Church of Alameda, who now resides in East Oakland. « No one except the members of the two families was informed when or where the wedding was to take place, and after the ceremony the newly married pair moved into their new home at 1178 East Twenty- first street, which had been furnished in gpticipation of event. Murray Laidlaw is 2 member of an old and well known Oakland family. His brother, Frank Laidlaw, resides at 730 Sixth street, which was the resi- dence of the groom up to the time of his marriage. The third brother, the late Alexander Laidlaw, was formerly a Judge of the Police Court in this city an dwas afterward a candidate for Superior Judge of San Francisco. @iniiminiriminienie e @ than spores on the germs are as old as cosmic portation of germs from star to star is only imaginable If the germs were extremely smail and consequently simple in structure, In either case it is necessary to assume that the present fauna and flora of the earth must have devel- oped from st res of no higher degree of dif- mple, spores, Before closing, allow me to make one addi- tional remark. it is quite common to find that even sclentists are inclined to assume that the limitations to research in bi- or of a different order from_those in the fleld/of physics or chemistry. This is not true as long as we treat biological problems in the same unbiased and unpreju- diced way in which we deal with the problems of physics and chemistry. The alchemists tried other hand, living matter the trans- to solve the problem of perpetual motion and No one would say, however, 1t of making gold that the physicist or chemist i ted in his search for truth because perp motion is impossible and the chemical elements are con- stant On the contrary, it is fully recognized that the discovery of such constants as the quantity of energy of a system or the chemieal elements were the most fertile discoverles ever made, and, in fact are among the pillars on which not only modern physics, chemistry and blology, but, indire our whole modern civ- flization, rests, change our attitude’ when we leave the fleld of biology and why should we consider it a restriction or limitation of knowledge if it should turn out— which is far from certain, however—that it is no more impossible to transform dead matter into living matter than to transform copper into gold? Dr. Ostwald was entertained at a din- ner in his honor last evening at the home of Dr. M. Herzstein in San Francisco. He was the guest of President and Mrs. Wheeler at luncheon to-day, when Mr. and Mrs. Rudolph Spreckels Professor and Mrs, Loeb, Dr. Herastein, John Galens Howard, Regent and Mrs. A. W. Foster, Regent and Mrs. Charles S. Wheeler, David Starr Jordan and Mrs. Hearst were the ited guests. Mr. and Mrs. Spreckels were unable to be present at either luncheon or dedication on ac- count of illness in their family. The Leeb laboratory is the gift of Ru- dolph Spreckels, who subscribed $25,000 for the purpose, besides a large part of the Dr. Herzstein also assisted in y Why should we equipment. equipping the laboratory and Mrs. W. H. Crocker gave the library.. An anonymous friend of the university provided the means for paying Dr. Loeb's salary, —_————————— SANTA ROSA, Aug. 20.—A warrant was sued to-day for the e R A Bird, legate a Rosa Labor C n a ch lement He ADVERTISEMENTS. 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ANDERSON, 225 Wash- ington St., Jacksonville, Fla. — gs009 {wfm if ariginal of above testimonial proving genu- ineness cannot be produced. The" experience and testimony of some of the most noted women of America 5:) to_prove, beyond a question, that Lydia E. Pink- ham’s Vegetable Compound will correet all such troul at once e e pans & & Daatity e organs a nld normal condition. b