The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, October 13, 1901, Page 2

(&) THE SIUNDAY Cavr, onuments of Flit a dtanford University | ¥ EN years ago Stanfor 1 University openad ite doors ta stwlents. Much was written about its uoicue build- ings, and those handsome strac- tures, modeled on the Califoraian missions, and the long vistas o their ar- cades became famibiar to all maders of mogazines. In the past three years a traxsformation hos taken nlace o the Stunford campus. New buildhgs have » 9p following one another ir. swrpris- ravidity—buildings that fit into the general scheme perfectiy and that eorapel a comwmodious siructures of t3e inner drang ‘e to surrender their pioud Ajs* inction in Ameriean architecture. The buil¥ng of the cuter qugd-ange was: begun in July, 1898, and tas pro- gressed with so littie fu nd feathers t the publis: knows almost rothing of the rapidly changing enviro gment at Stanford, and -ven people who have not been upon the campus within the past ar stand dumd o unded new in the pr the giory of the new st:wctures. California owes its debt %or the arc tactural beauty of the Stanfeed 12 iversity bufldings to Shipley. Rutan & Co the successors to G R. Richardson, the famous: Boston a rchiteet. The great stretth of wide corridored buildings, sharply outlined =against the background of the :¥anta Cruz ange, pre- sents a pieture the ‘w-auty af ‘#hich never fades from the minck The “olor schems is not equaled in the ~world—buff of sand- stone bulldings and dcap red of tiled roofs against the green of awns and feothills and the indigo biue of the bzckground of meuntains. The new buildings are mainly the parts of the outer quadrangli. T the center, facing the drive from, 1'ale Alto, is the memcrial arch. East of it: is the assembly hall, and the Thomas “Welton Stanford Library stands next. To the west is the ‘geclogy building and next to it the zoclogy and physiplogy buildings, both nearing completion. At the corner of the quadrargle and stretching back along the side s the physies build'ng, while the history building occupies. ¢ ha correspond- ing space at the opposite corner. The walls of these are up, ass also of twas buildings stili unassigned at eitner end af the guadrangle and stretching back -to the center of the ends of the quadrangle. Aleng the front of the connected build- ings of the outer quadrangle is/a esntinu- ous arcade, 594 feet in lengtly’ The old quadrangle, which will be incjosed within this imposing array, is itself composed of {welve bulldings Inclosing a paved court 380 feet long and 246 feet wide, The memorial arch ranks as the greats est monument of its kind in Amerlea and is a warthy rival of the great Arc de Tricmphe, It is a hundred feet high, cighty-five feet wide and thirty-siy feet in depth. The cpenin< is sixty-four feet high and forty-four feet. wide. The friece surrounc.ng the arch, which has just been completed, is one of the restest achievements in modern sculp- ture. It was designed by Bt. Gaudens aud the modeling and carving was dane b, Rupert Schmid. Its, colossal figures, of which there are yorp than a hundred, are about twelve feet high, and they stand out in deep bas-rellef, presenting exactly the contour of statues. The pro- ion of figures represents the ‘‘Pro- gress of Civilization.” The central figure of the front of the fricze is Civilization—the beginning and the end of the procession. In her the frieze has its motif and inspiration, and in her the story culminates at last. In her vight hand she nolds her torch. At her back are Culture, Meditation and Amnesty, while the Genlus of Civilization takes the torch from her hand.. Next is Providen and behind ber the goddess of past and the goddess of fulure events —the Postverta and the Anféverta—and at her feet are the oucopia and the globe. She intrusts the toreh ta Colum who, epposéd by the spitit of medie ism, tears the veil from America. Pizarro and Cortez now appear, mounted, tearing down the idolatry of ancient America and preparing the way for Christlanity. The carner of the arch is decoratcd with the chief Aztec divinity. At the end af the arch is the figure of a missionary preaching to a group, and the cross emerges from the ruins of the temple. Liberty protecting religion and the Pilgrims landing at Plymouth Rock follow. At the carner of the frieze is W dom. The rear of the frieze, that portion fac ing the inner quadrangle. bears a pro sion of figures representing the thirteen States, each carrying a shield and all led by Washington. accompanicd by two zen- erals. Columbia is the central figure of this gide of the frieze, Abundance points the way westward. Three mounted graz- ers and cattle, by their side the god Pa Ceres, accompanied by mowers and re ers and plowmen, and an allegorical ure represeniing mining, complete this side of the fricze, The march of the industries continues across the portion of the frieze around the other end of the arch. Here Is elec- tricity, steam, sclence, knowledge, philo- sophy, with the mirror of intvospection, medicine, metaphysics, and mathematics with her campass. Coming to the front of the arch again, as the procession approaches the central figure there are depicted events in the his- tory of California. Titans hold up the mourtains which the rallway enters. Equestrian figures-and workmen cleaving the rocks are followed by the lacomotive and the geniuvs of engineering controls the work. Civilization, the central figure, points to the accompiished' task and re- wards it through her genius. The Leland Stanford Memorial Church is the most imposing butlding on the cam- pus and when completed will be the finest church. in the West. Its total height is 145 feet 0 the second gallery it is 100 fect Righ. The spire will accommodate the great cleck and chimes. There are twe galleries, one in each transept. The organ, heard with so much pieasure dur- ing the Epworth League convention, is being placed in the front gable nave. The interior of the church is sandstone most beautifully earved, and mosaics and stained glass windows by Lamb and Tiffany. reproducing the great paintings of the Vatican, will complete the interior decoration. The church is the central bullding of the rear part of the inner quadrangle. and the only one not built before the opening of the university,” The Assembly Hall, completed now two vears past. has a frontage of 108 feet. It has a geating acity of 1700, and 2000 people can easily be accommodated in it. The Thomas Welton Stanford Library was bufit of a legacy ,000—which Sen- ator Stanford gave his brother, the Aus- tralfan milllonaire, and which was given 0 by the brother to the ersity for the library bullding. Practically the en- tire amcunt was spent on the building. The geclogy bullding has a frontage of 120 *feet, and a depth of 75 feet. The v and p ology building’s frent- s 200 feet, and Its depth 100 feet. 1t has a large exhibition hall, 100 feet € re, the first floor with a fire-proof floor of expanded metal. The. history building has a frontage of 129 feet and a depth of 50 feet, and the phy building, at the other corner of the quadrangle, has the same dimenslons. All of these buildings are two stories high and project over the arcade running the length of the quadrangle. Arcades at either side of the memorial arch and at the ends connect with the Inner quadran- gle arcades, until the place seems a mazo of v and arches. The two one-stery buildings in course of erection at the ends of the outer quad- rangle are each 75x50 fect. g stands apart from the quadrangle half way between it and the museum. Tt fs 223 feet long, 72 feet wide and three stories high. All the working laberatories have fireproof floors and the building is a medel for its pur- pcses. An annex in the rear for ass: ing is now in use, and the building will be ready for occupancy ahout January 1, at which time it is expected that all the bulldings naw in pracess of erection, cx- cept the chureh, will be completed. The most amaginig thing about this stu- pendous undertakinz is that the b are being erccied from the unive vast income, mnot a dollar of the endow- ment belng disturbed. Mrs. Stanford is naturally aniious to see the building scheme completed during her lifetime, and it is understood that work will b gin next summer on the remaining build- ings of the outer quadrangle, PHEN the present smiall-caliber erfles were first. intraduced there were many criticismss on all sides, but gradually vhe @ities became silent and the new weajon was accepted without furtber objection. The outer form of the ‘various models constructed between 1888 and 1589 is ma- terfally different from that of earller types. The addition of a jacket or man- tle for the tube and the attachment of the magazine, howevcr, were not conducive to a convenient shape of the rifle, al- though a more convemient form is much desived by the soldier. In the last decade it has been found that the outer jacket could be dispensed with and the weight thereby considerably re- duced, at the same time giving the piece & more manageable form. Reduction of weight has been the con- stant effort of the manufacturer and in- ventor of late years, and it is greatly de- sired for service. The present mogdels v in weight from -eight pounds to pounds, the United States Krag-Jor, sen weighing 9.355 pounds. High authori- ties are of the opinion that it is not ask- ing too much of manufacturers to have this welght rediced to 7.15 pounds, and it is believed that this will be the weight of the infantry riflo in the near future. The objection that this will increase the ghock of recoil too much will not hold, as it can be overcome by finding a proper propelling agent. The Vetterli gun (mod of 18¢9-81), weighing 10.14 pounds, had a force of recoil of 1.2 meter-kilograms, and @d not incommode the soldier. The Mauser gun (model 1895), weighing 8.7 pounds, had a recofl of but 0.85 meter-kilo- srams. It 18 only a question of finding a INFANTRY ARM OF THE FUTURE propelling agent which will give a practi- cally constant pressure while the pralec- tile i3 in the bore. It may be assumed as quite certain that in the near future the infantry arm will utilize the force of reevil to open, com- press and close the breech mechanism. Until the proper propelling agent Is found, however, it will be impossible to construct a suitable infantry arm of this kind. The question of callber has alse come up again. The Spanish-American and the South African wars have shown that arm projectiles of 0.236, 0.276 and inches diameter produce, in the ma- ses, wounds which do not put the wounded out of action even tem- porarily, not to speak of incapacitating hem for a war of any considerable dura- s of these wars are unani- injon that these modern projectiles ave really as humane as was when they were first adopted. 1y as the Graeco-Turkish war Dr. Edmond Lardy reported that ‘“our small-arm projectiles did not arrest the cavalry at all, and the infantry only very, inadeguately.” And Dr. Hildebrandt, sur- geon in the Royal Prussian infantry, re- ported in regard to the South African war: “More than a third of the wounds, unless the projectile strikes a nerve or large vessel (which is rare), are so lght that the wounded are able to march on, and even to continue to fire, while the pain is scarcely felt. In case of horses, even when fatally wounded, they can go a considerable distance before breaking down." The small caliber, of course, cnables a large number of rounds to be carried, but this is of little advantage if the projectile does not Xill; moreaver, to give the piece the same life it must be made thicker in the bar consequently heaviar, and sa the advantage of the ymall caliber is ne tralized. Thig refers to calibers below 7. millimeter, as compared with one of $ millimeter. Again, the § millimeter pro- jectile (with the me muzzie veloel will be superior to the = long ranges, Lecauge it greater e 2y and will be k by air currents acting across the plane of fire. It may be possible, perhaps, to eonstruct ms of very 111 caliber (under 0.3 ineh) which I reguirements, but the present indications are that the rifie of the future will have at least a 0.313-inch bore and probably sreater. . question of-a practienl sight is at important as that of caliber. i should be very simple in construe tion, admit of quick and certain adjust- ment for every range 1 of eas 1pers on by the squad leaders. and possess an extended field of view. Above all, it shouid admit of qui catehing the tar- wiich would indicate the open ring best, such, for exampie, as is used in sportings rifles, whera tho sams quality of quickly catching the target comes into play Anotier requisite is a simple and relia- ble range finder, since the best sight may prove dead capital without it, Finally, B - —p there must be an arrangement te prevent tiring teo high; it is much le important to continually ralse the ballistic power of a firearm than it is to arrange it so that the soldier is automatically compel fire approximately right. This matte been referred to by many high a of late. The Belglan Lieutepant d'Aout says: “Give the soldier as soon as pos bie a gun which approximately points it- self,” Lieutenant General Rohne of the Prussian army adds: “I consider it quite pessible to construct a rifle which can be ed only,at elevations under 3 or 5 de- grees, giving a maximum range of vards, and entirely preventing firing at elevations now possible. Of course, this v for ordinary use; there must also a special arrangement to admit of the use of higher angles.” It is believed that arily no range over 1760 yards will red, and the modern graduations to 2190 yards are of no practical use. The belt and the movable (but not de- tachable) magazire will remain, as they bave proved thelr efficlency. The bavonet is still essential, but as it has bhecome a dagger In its use It will have a shave ta correspond. . wiil probably be madle of aluminum alloys, such as magnalium, to reduce the weight. The small arm of the future will, there- fore, weigh about T7.15 pounds (without bavenet), its ealiber will be 315 to 572 inch; it will have a bolt block, a movable (but not detachable) magazine holding five or six roynds, a simple ring sight, with an arrangement to prevent firing too high, and a pistol grip. The plates, bands, ete., will be of magnalium or some similar light metal, and the bayenet a four-cor- nered dagger. "Phis is the weapon which the modern authoritles on tactics would e to see in the hands of the infantry soldier, and be- 1 be ere long.—New York Sun. 1