The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, October 6, 1901, Page 8

THE SUNDAY CALL e JaYavaVaYaYaYaYaYaYaYaYavaYaYz pecullar re-ereative indu: The Yermak. (shown In cut on this page) from the of this mo wheclbarrow of 1894-5 to the steam engine of 1807, Some idea of this progress can b2 , v he following: £ ST A i desie clent kites the heights have been greatly resiors was by means of GO8S Ty, \fing 3 fnereased. Thus the average height above Then Dr. Nansen succeed®l T8 Me=sen,q the sea attained by the meteorograoh in ship. the Fram, so that SRS TOUC (% g the thirty-five flights made during 1833 the attacks of the b . Tho latext sid was more than a mile and a third, where- to polar exploration I E0e . Jeactics as the average height of all the ascents signed with th2 o et O hee = Rendt- Prlor o 1867 was less than half a mile. against this obstacle that Sa8 FOuor o Fhe extreme height of 15,807 feet, reached capped explorers. A cut of fhe. o tll o in July, 1900, exceeds ltitude of in heavy s stiown herewith. Here is a Mount 'Blanc, and also the greatest brief description taken Lrans e areess by height at which meteorological observa- Vice Admiral Makaro tions have been made with a balloon in imperial mavy. = . . g in England e e A s by Sir W. G. Armstrons. \Vhfllwr:)ru;m;h In noting the progress of chemistry, Co. Limited, and the naine of e o liquid hydrogen is made the subject of an queror Qf Siberia, k. was given 12 interesting paper in the Smithsonian Re- ér th is W5 feet, breadth T port. The late Professor Joseph Le Conte place: mhA. e has a fine article o the tl;,-lvvi;mlmnnr‘;f and in this condition she #7ArS ological thought—first published in Ap- i s inclined 70 B e gf“tflg.s Popular Science Monthly. The from the vertical, her :":g“a'rln'?’v?.?f,ierf AR -SHIP 1NN : Y Erggress in Physics in the Nineteenth and her sides are ) degrees frofg JiS (Ulg HoveE, o ; Century” affords material for a splendid 1.“In whichever direction she moves pK.’ oo g article by Professor Mendenhall, Ph. D., ¥ the ice she is bound to rise on % STR e Con D. Sc., LL. D. The photography of sound Dreak it with her Welght, Fot,Jo8 oyl s HDEWCO&N$— : ; waves and also color photography are engines, working four indepsiien’, PEic THE REAR § i . q other Gevelopments of recent times that pellers—one in front and = st the = R e i b - 2 have come 1o be recognized as absoluts Stern, Bach engine develops %00 norses sclences. Jower, so that the tota - b China, which has figured so much In is 10000 horsepower. The ::;g has & the public eye during the year past, is double bottom and double &19¢%. —o0 - given especial prominence. here is a divided into torty-eight K 'lpby e Erief sketch of the Peking Observatory, every ome of which was tried ¥ TI0F whose looting created so much comme with water as high e e e an article by the Chinese Minister, Wa comparjment in tI r me that we | e ster! d two at both Ting Fang, on_mutual helpfulnes be- one @t stern an t\: %n China and the United States; Ch are :=.{v All}l 1g’:e§d tho]l;) Ch?:g:rr\‘g 900 marks the close ] . . - nese Folklore and some Western Analo- the trim (\W<l d r‘: L§ "vqa’;‘d u.pgw. ress in. : : ¢ ; . S ; A gics, and an excepticnally interesting a ter of the Yerma ituat count of the loot of the Imperial Summer erful pump, which can take water from ¢ true sense of the word, Win onian Institution is not one &bie h remark- niuly swiug- fect of it at all times w u Suusequ movin eadix is considered the most pers devised. As it costs : ing around 1n large curves of perhaps a £500 for c & of the t balloon, its name to a book of dreams Of Yy ngred yards in diameter and conunu- it is likely that the Count Many of the articles that g0 t0 ga)ly ascenaing until its steam was exX- airship practice prgtt contents of the work have hausted, when, at a lapse of about a min- To give all of t £ < 4 ow ute and a half and at a height which I construction, etc. ety but appearing now 30 C4% * e between 8 and 100 feet in port, would require mor y report !‘l places rhfvm o0 the air, the wheels ceased turning, and be afforded in a general artic That part e of scientific approval. the machine, deprived of the aid Of iis of the account relative to the trial trip has made wonderful ad- propellers, to my surprie did not fall is as follows: century. og. but settled down so gently and softly tha LA g g et DOt it touched the water without the least The Zeppelin Air Ship. ’“ - m"'m shock and was, in fact, ready for another The best account of the short and exe Snithe seconil“trial, ‘which followed i’ G soe L0 (Of the Zepnehiny balifon /nas rectly, it repeated in nearly every respect e L Ihe actions of the first, except that the B i direction of its course was different. it e AT oA e . < ascended again in the face of the wind, en the command to lel go the cabios he loot of Peking—a afterward moving steadily and continu- gonel 158 CAMINATC (0 0 8O the « is given on this ally in large curves, accompanied with a up till then had been held by rising motion and a lateral advance. IS jands of the firemen, ,aborers and motion was, in fact, 5o steady that I think gicrc® oo Sowly Into the nir eod a glass of water on its surface wouid have ; at the height of ecighty-two fret ems to be gettng remained unspilled. When the steam gav e ELyctNe even conservative out again it repeated for'a second imi . A stic and devote the experience of the first trial when the their report to the m had ceased and settled gently and ch have been demonstrated e down. What height it reached at trial 1 cannot say, as I ke ninl 50 ome and the Zeppe- favorably placed as in the first, but 1 had t and . e T for their ahare oocasion to motice that this tims its course Ath the wind, turnt Of the two, took it over a wooded promoniory, and I Jie Haeh RAth it FRaehed the more in- was relieved of some apprehension in see- ik uu(“_' - o any of these compartments and pump into the other. Each propeller is supplied with extra auxiliary engines, so that the main engine can be disconnected if neces- sary and the propeller worked from the auxillary engine. This was meant to give economy of fuei when the ship was to go under ordinary conditions, and reduces the number of the mechanical staff. The ship_has a rolling chamber to keep her steady, and a lifting crowsmest, which affords facilittes for directing her through the ice. Her maiden voyage was from Newcastla to St. Petersburg. We entered the ice at the meridian of Revel and had to force our way through 160 miles of ice. It nev- er occurred to any one that 'the ip would go to Cronstadt in winter time, and our entering Cronstadt harbor caused quite a sensation. At times the pressure of the ice was so great and the ice so heavy that it took four hours to make two miles. S ws e One of the best popular articles in this Report is a paper on “Nature’s Pictures,” The apparently impossible problem of the vessel descended somewhat before the light easterly bre hich was blowing; but when the engines began to rk it steamed a the right 2 left, and 4 about three “A. Radelyffe Du inted fi £ ras already P as miles. it ¢ Dugmore, printed first in 3 batloons 1et the water one minute and thirty-one dent to the sicering mechanism occurred, : of birds and animala by ?qn\‘rr:-m possibie to Im- onds from the time it started at a meas- A Winch broke and hindered the further nal contact and throug 1:‘37:: ‘the fligh the birds of the air. ured distance of nine hundred feet from 1€ of the running weight, which was a_ great provided i vder that the © g ht diree of the aerodrome the point it rose. W or stern One of these Ai ig e and remarkable photog oduced here- 1ake of the Smithsoniun This, however, was by no means the MIght be ralsed and the horizontal po GENERAL VIERK OF THE, A8TRONOMICAL INSTRUWENTS AT THE kable photog produced here- repor e to gl P ength of its flight. I estimated from the LI gained. > 2 g ac : = : OB Aot 5 vith. 1t < 3 footed mouse repo; ve to give an idea of length of its flight. I estimat et o i ~ e CHI SE = = 2 bout life size). While out for a 3 angley's succe: diameter o e described, from the . Lieute ethge Zoes on to say, 3 o EENATO. O Mr. Langl & succe diameter of the curve describes 0 till possible toturn the balloon r ~ number of turns of the propellers, as s s ) ) =74 riven by automatic counter, after due L0 the left against the wind, but as it wag S JPU v e 8 3 te ing machine” is literally a machine with- ures, that thé actual length of flight on turn to the right, Count Zeppelin decided et Tound Sfter _the mest caveful I Tas to support it, Do way resemb- each occasion was slightly over 3000 feet. to descend The descent took place 3 fsarch. Only after reaching home did Mr {mpga balloon, and which its inventor has It is least safe to say that each ex- Seventeen minutes after the ascent. ompanion find the poor littla ; : , Zeppell : creature—in his pocket! Fearing lest the he aerodrome—"air runner.” A ceeded half an English mile. Count Zeppelin has written an account drag of the running weight. For this rea- with perfect safety to its passengers, has Palace at Peking In 1860. This latter 1s an youn e i 1 o D s 1o the one shown on this From the time and distarice it will be Of the trial trip which fs of special fnter- son also, in order to avoid being driven become an established fact. abridged transiation from a journal writ- back twa miles with (he o1y modihoT ran < repeatedly flown distances of mnoticed that the velocity was befween 20 ©St, as it comes from one with a full on over the land, it was necessary to g0 e ten gby Count d'Herisson, who was on - . £ o S B " b ki st by - Ao e At A epeed of from twen- and 5 miles an hour in a course which knowledge of all the details. “The task,” astern with the screws whenever —the Weather Kites. the Rtaff of the French general during the secure this biotass by ins pofore duskc t 0% %o ihirty miles per hour. It is driven Was constantly taking it “uphill.” I may he says, “of bringing down the air =hip stern pointed over the lake. = ke secy his picture of the first meeting of ; Anglo-French expedition to China in 180 the reunt amily. . o by & steam engine of over one and a quar- &dd that on a previous occasion I have took piace without a hitch. In spite of a It seems from all accounts that he float- Another great stride in the world of .and an eye witness of the extraordinary e reunited {Am.\ly. S idgtane seen a far higher velocity attained by the rapid and considerable escape of gas, fol- ing capacity and the great lateral stabil- sclence has been in the use of the kite scenes he describes. It appears to have am, the thirt . Ove wiiness, Alexander Graham Bell, same aerodrome when its course was lowed by but a small/sacrifice of ballast, ity of the Zeppelin air ship have been con- for meteorological observation. A. Law- entirely escaped attention during the late ticlea that i Iy o8 weee . ax- af one of these flights thus describes the horizontal. the descent took place so gently that a ciusively proved. The ship floated smooth- rence Rotch has a valuable paper on this Crisis, although it has an interesting bear- temis of - this Reporr o ihg ,So0- Sppearance and action of the machine: I have no desire to enter into detall fur- descent on hard ground would seem de- y in'a horizontal position. It also obeyed subject in the Report—one which has been Ing on recent events and illustrates in 2 mayw b ontionen = ac’ o0, thers The absolute weight of the aerodrome, ther than I have done, but I cannot but Void of danger. its rudder up to the moment when the reprinted with the author's revision from curious manner how history repeats itself. - . ed. as _fllustrating including t of the engine and all ap. 24d that it seems to me that no one who _The accident to the running weight Walk with a friend the author came across The Langley Aerodrome. this interesting group. The frightened What is popu v known as the * the variety of the subject: steering cable broke. Moreover, as Count the Technology Quarterly and Proceed- The restoration of extinct animals 2 A Ry treat- s o P as ol about twen. Was present on this interesting occasion made it necessary to avert the imminent Zappelin nimself says, “It has proved that ings of the Soclety of Arts, ot Tane. other matier Niat bt Wi o0 Sisan- ed. papers on malaria and the transmis- P oinas, and the distance from tip could have failed to recognize that the danger of capsizing by stopping and golug there is no danger of fire in connection 1900. scien¢e and with success by this genera. X o T. o Surgeon General to tip of ihe supporting surfzces was, as practicability of mechanical fight had astern Wwith the screws. “Henceforth,” with the use of the air ship In ordinary Just as the weather bureaus of the tion. While such restorations 1 observed, about twelve or fourteen feet, been demonstrated. Better known, but of no greater fmpor- tance in_the field of aeronautics, are the efforts of Count Zeppelin with his airship on Lake Constance, in Switzeriand, photograph of the floating shed, wherein his balloon was contructed, is here repro- duced from the Smithsonian Report. measured 490 feet in lengih, 78 broud and The thod of propulsion was by aerial screw propellers, and there was no gas or other aid for lifting it in the air except its own interna On the oc rred to the aero- drome at 2 given signal started from a platform about 20 feet above the water &nd rese at first directly in the face of the he adds, “the whole voyage consisted of alternately going ahead and then astern, with the screws, so as to preyent exces- sive inclination. A further reason for this alternate motion_arose from the circum- stanee that the "air ship, which at first obeyed her helm well to starboard, ran more and more to the left, owing, appar- ently to & curve to larboard due to the conditions. It is unfortunate that no exact estimate of speed was obtainable, owing to the ac- cldent. Bethge estimateés that the fapid- ity of flight before the wind toward Im- menstaad was about twenty-nine feet per second. It is enough, however, to say that a dirigible balloon which can main- tain a state of equilibrium and descend United States have been of service to the farmers of the country, so has the kite served the weather bureau in its investi- gations. Whenever there is a wind kites possess advantage over any other method of exploring the air up to the height of at least 15,000 feet. The rapid perfecting of the kite for experimental purposes is indicated in the evolution of the kite reel 1 are subj to some uncertainties, and mistakes or]?rcns terpretation are apt to occur, these efforts to reproduce the living forms of past ages are not mere guesswork, but rest upon a solid foundation of scientific facts and careful deductions. An odd photograph of the Waterhouse Hawkins workroom at the Crystal Palace in London is shown on this page and will serve to give an idea Sternberg; an essay on Huxley, by Pro- fessor Brooks of Johns Hopkins, and a paper on so practieal a subject as incan- descent mantles. The Smithsonian Reports are distributed by the Institution to libraries throughout the world, may be had by purchase at cost from the Superintendent of Docu- ments, Washington City. and may gener- ally be obtained free of charge aiso from the applicant’s member of Congress.