The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, June 18, 1901, Page 6

Che ok Call. .....JUNE 18, 1901 JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. Adéress All Communicstions to W. 5. LEAKE, Manager. MANAGER'S OFFICE.......Telephone Press 204 . e e el o bl b ot ccng e e 3 PUBLICATION OFFICE...Market and Third, S. ¥. Telephone Press 201. 217 to 221 Stevemson St. Press 202. Delivered by Carriers, 15 Cents Per Week. Single Copies, 6 Cents. Terms by Mail, Including Postage: DALY CALL (including Suncay), ene year.... DAILY CALL Gncluding Sunday), ¢ months. DAILY CALL (including Sunday) DAILY CALL-By Single Month. WEEKLY CALL, One Year... All postmasters are nuthorized to recetve subscriptions. Bemple coples will be forwarded when requested. Mafl subscribers in ordering change of address should be particular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order to insuge & prompt and correct compliance with thelr request. OAKLAND OFFICE. +es000.1118 Broadway €. GEORGE KROGNESS. Masager Yoreign Advertising, Kerquette Bullding, Chioage. (Long Distance Telephone “Central 2615.”) NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT: €. C. CARLTON. .... «...Herald Square NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH... +30 Tribune Building NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: ‘Waldorf-Astoria Hotel; A. Brentano, 31 Union Square; Murray Hill Hotel EDITORIAL ROOM: WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE...1408 G St., N. W. MORTON E. CRANE, Correspondent. BRANCH OFFICES—:2T Montgomery, corner of Clay, open uotil $:30 o'clock. 300 Hayes, open until 9:30 o'clock. 633 McAllister, cpen until 9:30 o'clock. 615 Larkin, open until #:30 o'clock. 1841 Mission. open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market, corper Eixteenth, open until $ o'clock. 109 Valencia. open untll § o'clock. 106 Fileventh, open untll 9 c'clock. NW. corner Twenty-second and Kentucky, open untll 9 o'clock. 2200 Fillmore. open until Grand Opera-House—"Gismonda. Central—*“A Night at the Circus.” Tiveli—“The Toy Maker.” Orphesm—Vaudeville. Columbia—*"Darcy of the Guards.” Alcazar—*‘Countess Valeska.” Olympia, corner Mason and Eddy streets—S pecialties. Chutes, Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and evening. Fischer's—Vaudeville. Sutro Baths—Swimming. Excursion to Los Gatos—Monday. AUCTION SALES. By G H. Umbsen & Co.—Monday, June 24, at 12 o'clock, Choice Property, at 14 Montgomery street. 10 SUBSCRIBERS LEAVING TOWN FOR THE SUMMER. ©Call subscribers contemplating = change ef Zence during the summer months can have paper forwarded by mail to their v @ddresses by motifying The Call Business Office. This paper will also be sale at all summer Pesorts and is represented by a local agent ia @il towss en the coast. HARLAN FOR PREZSIDENT. R. BRYAN has recommended the nomination M of Justice Harlan as the Democratic candi- date for President. The trifling fact that the Justice is 2 Republican does not seem to affect Mr. Bryan's choice. That is natural, however, for the party nominated him, though he was a Populist and not 2 Democrat. He favors Harlan because he thinks his decisions are popular. The people have never taken kindly to the proposition to look on the Supreme bench for Presidential timber. Justice McLean of Ohio was talked of as the Republican candidate in 1860, but it was more to conciliate the old Whig element than for any other purpose, and the proposition made no headway against Lincoln. After the close of the Civil War Chief Justice Chase was taken up by cer- tain elements in the Democratic party, and himself promoted his candidacy in 1868, but the movement did not become popular. David Davis was looked upon for a time as Presidential timber, but.never got near being nominated. In 1880 and 1884 the South, in gratitude for his decisions on the reconstruction measures, favored the nomination of Justice Field, and he came nearer the nomination than any other member of that court. nia had given him a united support he would have succeeded. It is not probable that the elements which were in his favor will ever again be so combined as to come as near overcoming the popular indisposition. t is among the laws unwritten in American public that it is not well to tempt Judges with that great prize as a reward for their judicial action. No one has ever accused or suspected McLean, Chase or Field of sophisticating their judicial action from any such motive, but it is easy to see that when the road from the bench to the Presidency is once opened the effect will be that some on the bench will keep half an eye on the law and an eye and a half on popular applause, to the degradation of the court. Among the feather-headed and harmful propositions for which Mr. Bryan is responsible this is probably the worst and is conceived in the most reckless spirit. Justice Harlan is 2 brave and learned judicial of- ficer, and has that independent spirit which is needed on the bench, where judicial courage is of the highest importance. It obable that he would be the last man to consent to invade and destroy the history and traditions of that ber many American sovercignty has brought trouble as well as 2 pension to the Sultan of Jolo. He has long collected 2 tax from the pear] fishers in the waters around his islands, but now foreign corporations have bought up the fisheries and are working them with improved ap- pliances, and to the Sultan’s disgust they refuse to pay the tax. This is the first time the Sultan ever ran up against a tax shirker, and he appears to be losing sleep over it. A Georgia negro recently applied to an attorney to colleet $10 due him by another darky, and when asked why*the debtor didn’t pay, he explained: “He says he has been owing me that money so long that the interest has done eat up the principal, and now he don’t owe me anything.” As a new way of pay- ing old debts that takes the cake. The Kansas City woman who killed her husband and added horror to the act by kicking the dead body in the face is discrediting the current theories of mur- der as a fine art by showing signs of emotion at the trial. 2 THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAY, JUNE 18, 1901. THE RANGE WAR. ' HE Denver Stockman reports cattle receipts at T that point declined to only one-fourth the usual number, and attributes the shortage to the lack of feed caused by destruction of the forage in the wild \scramble for the free range. Heretofore by drift fences and various devices for inclosing the arid ranges on the public domain the stockmen have managed to control and preserve some feed. But now it is decided that these fences and in- closures are contrary to law, and the Government is tearing them down and those who used them are being criminally indicted. The cattle interest is the principal sufferer, because the moment sheep are driven on the range cattle leave it, as they will not feed where sheep run. An actually free public range means a range monopolized by sheep, and they soon turn it into a desert. In this manner sheep first drove cattle from the Oregon range, and now Mr. Mills, livestock agent of the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company, says that 2,000,000 sheep will starve in Oregon this year unless they are taken elsewhere to feed. It is pro-. posed to send them to the public ranges of Nebraska and Kansas, where they will repeat the destruction that has made impossible their maintenance in Oregon. A dispatch from Pierre, S. D., says that sheep are pouring into the Black Hills by tens of thousands, and the best cattle ranges are being occupied by them. In consequence cattle men see their doom and are selling their herds at a sacrifice or moving them on, knowing that the range destroying sheep will over- take them wherever they go. The cattle men in the Pecos Valley, New Mexico, have been driven out by invading sheep and have re- treated, fighting. Ong man has been killed in the war. In Star Valley, Wyoming, the cattle men are also land-owners, as cattle men usually are, and the sheep have fed the range bare to their fences. They have or- ganized in self-defense and sent a warning notice to the sheep men, with the intention of offering armed resistance. 3 At Pine Bluffs and Grover, in that State, the small ’| cattle-growers and farmers, finding themselves likely to be starved out by sheep, have assaulted three sheep camps, burned the wagons and driven the sheep off the range. ' At Eaton and Lone Tree, Colo., the sheep men are in a Winchester war with invading sheep men from Wyoming. The railroads have promised not to bring any more sheep into Colorado from the ranges that have been fed out by them .in Southern Utah. But tens of thousands of sheep have been driven to the Colorado line, which is patroled by an armed guard to keep them out. In Gunnison County, Colorado, the sheep got across the line and the Celorado fighters have killed several thousand of them, first making prisoners of the herders. Near Cheyenne, a cattle man rented a section of land and put 120 head of cattle on it. His stock was driven off in the night by sheep men and so scattered that he did not recover them. A citizen of Wyoming admits that the cattle men have no defense left but their Winchesters. He says: “Personally I am not in favor of that kind of a fight, but there are plenty of men on the range who are, and promise to kill every sheep man in the State as soon as the word is given. The conservative sheep men and cattle men are doing all they can to prevent an open conflict, but the situation is growing worse every day. It is the small cattle-owners and farmers who are suffering the worst. The sheep mean ruin for them, and they feel they have the moral right to protect their range by force. The sheep men are fully as desperate. They are all struggling for | enough grass to keep their sheep alive, and they feel that the public range is as much theirs as the cattle men’s. They are organizing, and while they are on the defensive now it will take but little to put them on the other side of the game. We may stave off trouble till the fences are all torn down, but after that, look out for bloodshed.” On Otter Creek, Wyoming, 2000 sheep have been killed by driving them over a cliff, and the sheep men at Sheridan are arming for war. The Denver Stockman admits that when the fences are removed the situation will be unbearable, as it will take but a short time to permanently destroy the feed, leaving nothing for sheep or cattle. Sheep men anticipate a glut in the market because sheep that | cannot be fed must be sold, and cattle men foresee a shortage in feed before the end of summer and the Jt'is believed that i Califor. | expulsion of their herds from the range by sheep. The Call, in the interest of the whole livestock in- dustry, raised the voice of warning long ago, and foretold this most distressing situation, which threat- ens injury to the stockmen, the transportation com- panies, the domestic consumer and the meat export trade alike. The remedy is easy. Lease the ranges and devote the proceeds to irrigation. Lord Kitchener has killed a few more Boers and captured several others. His method of conducting the war is slow, but it seems sure, and his military bands might as well play the song of the sexton, “I gather them in.” THE PLATT AMENDMENT. Cuban constitu- HILE the recent acceptance W Platt amendment by the tional convention would seem on its face to put an end to any further controversy on the subject, it appears from later reports that the means by which the adoption was brought about may give rise to a good deal of friction between ourselves and the Cu- bans before their government is permanently estab- lished and our army withdrawn. At the time of the conference of the Cuban envoys with the War Department on the subject of the amendment Senor Capote is said to have _obtained from Secretary Root, under promise to treat it as con- fidential, a letter written to the Secretary by Senator Platt stating the meaning and intent of his amend- ment. Instead of holding the letter in confidence the " Cuban gave it out for publication on his arrival at Havana, and it is said that the adoption.of the amend- ment by the constitutional convention was due to the fact that a majority of the members construed it as a declaration of the intentions of the United States Government. The language of the letter is interesting. After acknowledging a note from the Secretary informing him that the members of the Cuban commission feared that the provisions relative to intervention made in the third clause of the amendment may have the effect of preventing the independence of Cuba, and in reality establish a protectorate or suzerainty by the United States, Senator Platt goes on to say: “In re- ply I beg to state that the amendment was carefully of the {ers of-the kingdom. convention yould iheteby establish a protectorate or suzerainty, or in any manner whatsoever compromise the independence or sovereignty of Cuba; and, speaking for myself, it seems impossible that such an interpretation can be given to the clause. I believe that the amendment should be considered as a whole, and it ought to' be clear on reading it that its well de- fined purpose is to secure and safeguérd Cuban inde- pendence and set forth at once a clear idea of the friendly disposition of the United States toward the Cuban people, and the express intention on their part to aid them if nécessary in the maintenance of said independence. These are my ideas, and, although as you say I cannot speak for the entire Congress, my belief is that such a purpose was well understood by that body.” By reason of the letter it seems the Cubans, or some of them at least, came to the conclusion that the United States army would be withdrawn as soon as the constitution was adopted. The Washington corre- spondent of the Philadelphia Public Ledger says: “The understanding here is that Senor Capote, the presi- dent of the convention, and one of the visiting Com- missioners, himself gave out the letter for publica- tion in Havana, and it is further charged that he did so with the express intention to misrepresent the po- sition of this Government and embarrass the admin- istration, if possible.” Of course the Cubans will eventually learn that the administration can do no more than to carry out the mandate of Congress, but before that is fully learned there may be a good many complications. In the meantime it is probable the Secretary of War has learned that it is not safe to trust Cuban statesmen fwith confidential communications or anything else that is loaded. e ————— It is a dull week in New York in these days that doesn’t see a new railroad deal, but unfortunately the deals do not extend nor improve the roads. In fact none of them seems to be a deal so much as a mere shuffle of the stock. RUSSIA AND JAPAN. EPORTS of the mutual jealousy between Rus- R sia and Japan and rumors of probable war in the near future have been common ever since Japan defeated China and Russia took possession of Port Arthur, European diplomacy has now another tale to tell. It is said there are reasons for believing that the Mikado and the Czar have found a basis of conciliation and harmony, and that their Govern- ments are negotiating an agreement by which Japan is to permit Russia to have a free hand in Manchuria and Russia is to consent to let Japan direct and con- trol the affairs of Korea. There is nothing of improbability in the story. The ease with which rival nations can compound their quarrels as soon as they perceive an oppopunity to despoil another nation by acting in concert is well known. Diplomacy has understood that method of establishing peace ever since the days when Russia, Austria and Prussia settled all their old feuds by the easy plan of uniting to destroy and dismember Poland. Consequently, since the eastward movement of Rus- sia is a menace to Japan, and since the antagonism of Japan would be dangerous to Russia’s' designs on China, it is but natural it should have occurred to some astute statesman and peaesemaker that the best thing to be done for the sake of avoiding war is to divide Manchuria and Korea between them. Should such an arrangement be made there would be an interesting problem before the concert of Eu- rope. Russia has been held back from despoiling the Turk, but could she be held back from despoiling the Chinaman, if Japan were united with her? Of course if such a scheme be designed it will not be undertaken in the crude way that was adopted in the division of Poland. Diplomacy has become more subtle than it was. The movements on Korea and Manchuria would be made very slowly. By a gradual process Russia would have paramount influence in the one and Japan in the other, and at last it would come quite as a matter of course that the annexations should take place in much the same way as the re- cent annexation of Finland as an integral part of the Russian empire. Russia has raised the import duty on American | bicycles 30 per cent. This may be a delicate compli- ment paid to the value of our wheels, or it may be a measure of self-protection on the part of the Rus- sians. Fpapcrs of the recently issued annual report of the British Board of Agriculture, it appears the past year was an exceptionally bad one for the farm- It is stated that almost every crop yielded less per acre than in the previous year. The cultivation of wheat continues to decline, the area devoted to that crop in 1900 being 156,000 acres less than in 1899. The acreage of other cereals re- mained about the same as in the previous year, with the exception that there was a sufficient increase in the area devoted to oats to account for more than half the land withdrawn from wheat. The smaller acreage devoted to farming and the decline in the yield per acre did not in any way affect the food supply of the people. The kindgdom is now so well furnished with all kinds of food stuffs from foreign countries that the home production cuts but little figure in the market. It appears in fact from the report that the year was a good one for consumers and that the people were sufficiently pros- perous to live better than ever before in recent times. Some of the figures of imports of food supplies are interesting. The Westminister Gazette in reviewing the report says: In 1870 we imported fourteen eggs per head of popu- lation; now we import forty-four, although the home supply has gcne up considerably. Thirty years ago we only imported 4.2 pounds of dead meat per head; now it is 43.9 pounds, an increase of 945 per cent. Cheese has exactly doubled, butter has gone up from 4.3 pounds per head to 11.7 pounds, and wheat and wheat flour from 132 pounds to 243 pounds. Evidently we have a much bet- ter fed working population than that of a generation ago. Owing to the competition of foreign farms, the land of Great Britain hardly pays for any kind of farm cultivation. Of late experiments have been made in the way of intensive cultivation of small plots in the growing of vegetables, small fruits and berries, and the breeding of chickens, and the results are said to be profitable and promising. Rural England may therefore become literally a garden. That, however, cannot be accomplished under the present landlord system, and there is already a movement for the en- actment of legislation designed to encourage the breaking up of big estates. BRITISH FOOD SUPPLIES. ROM a :summary published in the London The Populists of Kansas and Nebraska appear to be quite willing to accept Bryan as a standing candidate and they are not unwilling to fuse with the Democrats, prepared with the object of avoiding any possible idea | but what grinds them is the difficulty of finding some- that, by the acceptance thereof, the constitutional |thing to howl about. Native Virtues rules or general policy to describe the colonizing of Great Britain. Witk each new colony new methods are employed, yet they all have as a foundation the main principle of adaptation—adaptation of the government so as to incorporate all that is good and possible in the native customs, and vpon this stem to engraft the buds of Eritish progress and enlight- enment. To this policy England owes much of her success in founding and maintaining colonies. By colonies I mean integral parts of the empire—not costly advertisements of a colonial policy or battlefields for the training of soldiers and the massing of fortunes by con- | tractors. | The Englishman who settles in new territory regards it as so much land to be developed and made to bring forth the maximum amount of valuable produce. He retains many of his customs and { habits, but once settled he has every in- tention of remaining to enjoy the fruits of his labors. England is always ‘“home” to him, even if he never visits it again, in the same way as it is always ‘‘home’ to colonial-born Englishmen and Eng- lishwomen. This feeling toward England is one of the most pleasing features of the silken bonds which hold the empire !so firmly togetker. In the Englishman there is innate the knowledge that he is par excellence the pioneer and explorer {of the world, and that knowledge lifts him up well above the natives whom he has to rule. It gives to the English that sublime confidence in their powers which goes far to gain the confidence of the na- tive races. If you would gain the belief of others you must first have belief in *yourseif. French and German Colonizing. -The Frenchman in his colonies seeks ever to reproduce there the Paris of his dreams, and for him therc ever shines the possibility of being able to return to that city with a sufficient fortune to obyiate any departure from it in the future. Such aspirations may tend to the rapid acqui- sition of wealth, but they certainly do not help the development of the colony. The Germans, on the other hand, seek ever to introduce at once a system of rigid military government, with a mili- tary governor and a strong garrison. They turn the new colony as far as pos- sible into a recruiting ground. This meth- od is most successful in the thoroughness with which it discourages German and other merchants from establishing them- selves in German colonies. British Methods and Trade. The British seek ever to encourage trade in their new possessions and have no desire to spend unnecessary money | upon warlike expeditions if they can ob- | tain peace by reasonable incorporation of native customs. The colonies of the British empire are essentially business concerns with very few exceptions. Pri- marily attracted by the opportunities of successful trade, the PBritish have been forced, as that trade developed, to extend their trading grounds. long as this was possible by peaceful methods,” such methods were employed. I cannot say that these methods always redounded to the credit of the traders, but it is certain that, whatever the acts of individuals, the ‘central government was so anxious for peace that it did not criticize too closely the methods by which it was maintained. As the spheres of trade grew larger and larger, the aboriginal tribes felt the inconvenience and injustice of losing their lands, even at a price, and {attacked the traders. Then followed ex- | peditions, moblile, well organized and well | armed, resulting in the death of many natives and the subjugation of the rest. The terms enforced, however, were sel- | dom hard and frequently the natives who had fought against the white men were almost at once organized as native police or native regiments to guard the trading interests. ‘Examples of Trade Development. In several instances the fact that the British policy in colonizing is to develop trade has recelved striking proof. I re- fer to ‘those cases in which charters have been granted to companies enabling them to develop territories until such a time as they were fit to be taken under Brit- ish protection. Such companies from the time of the Great Indla Company have | generally succeeded in a marvelous man- ner and have gained for the British many prosperous colonies and territories. In recent years there have been the Royal Niger Company, the North Borneo Com- pany and the British South African Com- pany. The first two have now given place to British protectorates and eventually the British South Africa Company, that enormous creation of Mr. Rhodes, will follow their example. That this system of private colonization is good is proved b?v results. The German Government also, in several cases, has introduced it [ ANSWERS NO PREMIUM—M. M. B., Oakland, Cal. None of the several .coins named in letter of inquiry command a premium. BRITISH INDIA—Enq., City. The ex- penditures of the revenues of British India is subject to the control of the Sec- retary of State for India in council, who aiso_conducts Indian business transacted in England. THE SAMOAN ISLANDS—S. J. B.,City. In the partition of the islands in the South Seas Gérmany secured Upolu and Savaif, and the United States Tutuila—all in the Samoan group, Great Britain re- ceiving Germany’s rights in' the Tongan Islands in return for a surrender of her claims in Samoa. OLD COINS—G, L., City. There are a number of old coins for which dealers in such will pay a premium. Without a full description of each coin it is impossible to tell if they command any premium. A Spanish dollar, or eight reales, is quoted bv dealers at §175 to §2 2. You might take a walk along Montgomery street and there you will find a number of brokers who deal in old coins. To such you might subr it your collection for ap- praisement. HALF-CENT OF 1804—H. B., San Jose, Cal. There were five kinds of half-cents of the United States issued in 1804. There are what is known among numismatists as the plain 4, same with stemless wreath, crosslet 4, crosslet with stem, and crosslet with protruding tongue and chin. These are offered for sale atd)rlc varying from 30 cents to $1. If the United States Treas- ury. Department has not a coin of that date it can procure any number from dealers. BASEBALL CURVE-T. D., City. The curve of a baseball after it leaves the band of the pitcher is the result of the marner in which the wrist is turned at the time of pitching. The ball moving forward with a rotary motion compresses the air on the side twisting forward and creates a partial vacuum on that side twisting backward. The compression of the air_forces the ball gradually to the side and it s the course of the curve, the course being in the direction in which the front of the ball is twisting. DECORATION DAY —W. T. P, City. Decoration or Memorial day was set apart by those who inaugurated it as a day to reverence the memories of those who served in the civil war and passed away. It being a day of respect for the dead, it is proper that flags should be displayed TO CORRES PAPERS ON CURRENT TOPICS. PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SP};CIALISTS FOR THE SAN FRANCISCO CALL. . How Great Britain in Her Colonies Adapts and Customs to British Principles. Pl R e By Alfred Stead, FELLOW OF THE ROYA L COLONIAL INSTITUTE. COPYRIGRT, 1901 XVII-WHY GREAT BRITAIN SUCCEEDS AS A COLONIZER. There can be laid down no hard and fast , into colonfes, adding, however, immediate state protection—a doubtful 'advantage, entailing, as it does, a certain amount of state supervision. It must be very evident even to the most unobservant citizen that there is a far greater probability of rapid develop- ment for a new country under such a company than can be the case under di- rect British control. There are dividends to be earned and shareholders’ meetings to be faced. It is necessary that the company shall be acquainted, and inti- mately ~acquainted, with thelr trading ground and its inhabitants. Under state control there is apparently mo such ne- cessity for accurate knowledge. Of course, there is always the possibility that the company wiil abuse its powers and neglect its obligations in the anxlety to earn an extra per cent in dividends. Such action, however, always brings its inevitable punishment In the shape of re- duced privileges, so it is never lik become popular among companies. The Policy of the Open Door. Though it may be said that companies are useful in opening up countries, there is no doubt that they must ever be super- seded in those countries after a time by British protectorates. much to the fact that the open door and equal privileges for all merchants in her territories, whether of her nation or not, encourage trade to an enormous extent. The trade may not be British trade, fre- quently now it is American or German trade, but the colony prospers and devel- ops steadily. In these days, as in the past, there can never be successful phi- lanthropic colonization, even if any nation were to attempt it. Colonization must proceed by trade, just as steam is neces- sary for a locomotive. The end attained may be very high and people may then look down with 1nfinite scorn upon trade; nevertheless, it is always trade which has made colonization successful. France has tried to colonize by planting a flag and having troops occupy more or less mjser- able imitations of Paris, and she has suc- ceeded in having an annual drain upon her rational inccme of enormous propor- tions. Natives and the Ruling Power. ‘While Great Britain gives great lati- tude to the natives in her possessions, as far ‘as local affairs are concerned, she is very particular that they shall acquire no real ruling power, or at least no over- whelming voice in the ruling power. When the native population outnumbers the white in such great proportion as is usual in Britsh colonies—non-self-governing—it would be suicidal to follow any other course until at least the natives have reached a high level of education and civ- ilization. Until such a time it is far more Jjudicious and kinder to protect them from the results which would inevitably befall if they were permitted to mislegislate be- fore they have learned even their A B C's. After a cautious training in local and ma- nicipal government they may be allowed in time to have a voice in the actual gov- ernment. in countries whers there are several differing native races it is mani- festly impossible to allow members of one race to govern others—such a course would directly lead to risings and disturb- ance of the peace. The natives in the British colonies are insured just laws and have the neces- saries of life provided for them at a rea- sonable rate. They are not allowed 10 fight whenever the fit takes them, buc must live orderly, well-behaved lives. In several of the colonies Great Britain has raised native regiments, notably for work in the malarial African tropics. These troops, led by white men, work splen- didly, and- afford a safety valve to the military ardor of races who for centuries have regarded fighting as the amusement most to be desired. If Great Britain were a military power she could easily raise a native army large enough to enable her to enforce her wishes on land as well as on sea. However, she prefers to use the natives as coolies or as tillers of the soll. Whg shall say her course is not a wise one? In the Malay archipelago Great Britain has had to deal with many of the ele- ments of trouble with which the United States is now face to face in the Philip- pines. These she has successfully over- come and now has the satisfaction of owning colonies at peace and growing in prosperity in the extreme. Two Chief Elements of Success. To sum up this necessarily most short and incomplete account of British colonial policy, we find that the two chief points are the willingness to adapt the govern- ment to suit special cases and the en- couragement of trade by hglding open the customs door and granting equal trading rights for all merchants. In the past the former was the more important point, but now, alas, that each administrator is tied to the Colonial Office by the cable, much of its value has departed. It is this mel- ancholy red tape cable which causes one to welcome the assistance of chartered companies and private enterprise. So long as Great Britain holds to free trade and adaptation she will be success- ful and worthy of being followed. e PONDENTS. at half-mast. It was never intended as a day of rejoicing, although many have taken advantage of it as a legal holiday to turn it into a day for sports and amuse- ments. To raise the flag to the masthead on that day would be to indicate that the celebrants rejoiced that the old soldiers were dead. EBEN HOLDEN—M. G., City. In reply to the inquiry as to from what the idea in Eben Holder about the blind sailor Riggs declaring that his blindness might be only a dream, H. G. H., a friend of this department, sugge#ts that the idea may have been taken from the following translated quotation from the writing %tz‘?n anclent Chinese philosopher, Chuan “I slept and dreamed I was a butterfly; how do I know that I am n dreaming I am a mant o0 » Putterfly .RAG TIME—E. G. 8, Livermore, Cal. Rag time,” as applied to music, was a name given by a vaudeville performer a few years ago to the music of the colored people. He introduced it as a feature at one of the vaudeville shows. It is synco- pation of music and when he applied that Dame to it it became popular. Syneo, a- tion in music is the act, process or res':.flt of inverting the rhythmic accent by bee glenmnz a tone or tones on an unaccented at or pulse and sustaining such on g0 accented one so that the proper empha. sis on the latter is more or less tr‘Z farred back or anu‘c'lrated. syncnpaJ.o" may occur wholly within a measure - may extend from measure to measure, BUCKSKIN-G. L. G., Elk Buckskin was orlginally Creek, Cal. made b, - ing deerskin In a peculiar mnm{ert,":l:t now it is usually prepared fr. skin. In its preparation a gre:?d.egl of manipulation is required, the safen which is its chief characteristic. berns produced either by the use of oil or braing in dressing it. Formerly it was used b' the American Indians, frontiersmen 5 soldiers. but now it is used nrlndmlyain the making of heavy gloves. The follo = Ing is given as a method by Which Ghe skins are prepared: ‘“The sking are ltmod. to remove the hair, steeped in a weak solutionof lactic or acetie acid to neutral. ize the lime, and they are then foeiiy gr Jubbed with pumice stone or a biunt knife to remove the grain. They are th subjected to repeated fullings or mun" in oil, then washed with a wi s solution_to piomove, the ofl, ey are su to the str ing and smoothing mcm"pt'i'tlm'mm' ::.;e{l:ncle under the supervision ofn;qzooq c- T In order to make good buck- ely to| Great Britain owes | PERSONAL MENTION. John Toder and wife, tourists from Syd. ney, Australia, are at the Palace. J. E. Hurley, general superintendent of the Santa Fe, and C. D. Spencer are hers from Los Angeles and are registered at the Palace. Mr. and Mrs. R. 8. Bother, accompanied by Dr. R. S. Bother Jr., P. S. Bother, the Misses Bother and Master Lewis Bother, are registered at the Palace. Mr. Bother is a prominent merchant of Richmond, Virginia. Judge E. C. Hart and W. M. Lowell of Sacramento are staying at the Grand. F. H. Farrar, a prominent lawyer of Merced, is at'the Grand. W. F. Chandler and W. G. Berry, oil men of Selma, are at the Lick. Joseph Weissbein and F. J. Thomas, mining men of Grass Valley, are staying at the Lick. ‘W. Forsyth, a prominent raisin grower of Fresno, is staying at the Occidental with his family. Dr. Gardner, superintendent of the Asy- lum for the Insane at Napa, and Mrs, Gardner are staying at the California. S. Lewek, proprietor of the United States Hotel at Marysville, is at the Cali- fornia. M. R. Plaisted, editor of the Fresno Democrat, is at the California. Hoo Kem Hing, president of the Hop | Wo Company, arrived on the Hongkong Maru yesterday. —_— e CALIFORNIANS IN WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, D. C., June 17.—The following Californians are registered here: At St. James—Mrs. R. Dollar, Miss Dollar, W. A. Jacobs, J. W. Erwin; at Metropoli- tan—John R. Aitken and wife and the Misses Aitken; at Raleigh—C. H. Sher- {man, G. M. Levine: at Willards—A. H. | Taylor; at Riggs—J. B. Eldridge; at Eb- bitt—Joseph Nusto, wife and daughters; at National—t. O. Lincoln, all of San Francisco. ———————— A CHANCE TO SMILE. She—Don't let my refusal of your pro- posal embitter you, Mr. Simpkins. He—Oh, no; after all, it is something to have been even rejected by a girl who j owns a $500 dog.—Detroit Free Press. Cora—What would you like me to get you for-a birthday present, love? Merritt—A cigar case, my dear. Since we became engaged 1 can never find an unbroken cigar in my vest pocket.—Judge. Too Much—The Young Man—I suppose, sir, that when I become formally engaged to ycur daughter you wili admit me as a member of the firm. 3 The Father—Well, I don't know. I don’t feel as if I could afford the expense of both of these things just now.—Detroit Free Press. Never Suspected Themselves.—“They don’t have such plays as we used to see when I was a boy,” said the prosperous- looking citizen. 'No,” answered his rotund companion. “And audiences are different, too. All the people I know want to sit in uphol- stered chairs and have suppers after the play instead of sitting in the gallery and eating peanuts for art's sake, as we used to do.” “Yes, yes. It's queer how the public will change in a short time, isn't 1t?"— ‘Washington Star. His Training.— How did Spudkins get his appeintment as brigadier general? I never knew that he was connected with the army.” “Oh, yes; by marriage. His brother-in- law is a United States Senator.”—Town and Country. A Glasgow gentleman recently recom- mended to the notice of a city merchant a young fellow who was looking for a clerkship. Some few days later they met again, and the gentleman asked if the selection had proved a wise one. “Not at all,”” replied the merchant. “Dear me!” said the other. “I thought he would have suited you down to the ground—so full of go.” “Yes,” responded the merchant, was too full of go. Why, gone, and £1000 of my money, too. “You don't say so! Why, I thought he was exactly the fellow you were looking for.” “So he is,” was the emphatic reply— “so he is."—London Answers. —————— Choice candies, Townsend's, Palace Hotel® “he clean orescte kn o Cal. glace fruit 50c per Ib at Townsend’s.* e Sies Sapto S duy ol Best eyeglasses, specs., 10c to 40c. Look out front of barber and grocery, 81 4th, * fasiinsadctes Mo dh sl L Special information supplied daily to business houses and public men by the Press Clipping Bureau (Allen’s), 510 Mont- gomery street. Telephone Main 1042 + —_————— Insanity_has for years been on the in- crease in Ireland; and a medical commis- sion declares that the increase of insanity and melancholia is largely due to exces- sive tea drinking. ———e Dr. Sanford’s Liver Invigorator. Best Liver Medicine, VegetableCure for Liver Ills, Biliousness, Indigestion, Constipation, Malaria. —————e Many petty trade-mark pirates trade on repu- tlon of Dr. Slegert'’s Angostura Bitters, un- equaled South American tonic. Refuse imitation. _—— On June 30 there were under construc- tion In Great Britain, by Lloyd's Register, 499 vessels, with a gross tonnage of 1, | 313, against 568 a year ago, with a toanag of 1,386,367, . EALD Leadirg Eusiness College of the West, . 24 Post st., San Francisco, Cal. Established Nearly 40 years. Open Entire Year, Write for S0-page catalogue (free). MILLS COLLEGE AND SEMINARY, (C ONFERS DEGREES AND GRANTS DI- plomas; seminary course accredited to tha Universities: rare opportunities offered in mu- sic, art and elocution; thirty-sixth year: fall term opens Aug. 7. 1901. Write for catalogue & MRs C. T. MILLS, Prea. Mills College MISS M. G. BARRETT’S SHORTHAND ACADEMY, 302 Montgomery st., San Francisco, Cal. Lessons personally or by mail. Acknowledged official reporters, ‘‘best teachers, best system. 1 THE HITCHCOCK SCHOOL FOR YOUNG MEN AND BOYS," SAN RAFAEL, CAL. ‘Kml:r‘y“h'nrm. Term Begins REV. C. HITCHCOCK. Principal. Christmas CALIFORNIA BUSINESS COLLEGE. A TflORgg:IGBI SC‘KOOh L. ve, excs ngly ~thorough, finely 0 de] H 1 ST, e B i R. L. DURHAM, President. address the principal. REV. EDWARD B. CHURCH, A. M. ST. MATTHEW'S MILITARY SCHOOL, SAN MATEO. CAL. The next term will Anlfl:fl:. 1901 n!'.gr catalogue and lllultm': A.B., Rector and Head Master, =~ o =" B0 p