The San Francisco Call. Newspaper, June 11, 1901, Page 6

6 rRr SAN FRANCISCO CALL, TUESDAX, JUNE 11, 1901, —_ Che —Sobe Calle ...JUNE 11, 1901 = TUESDAY JOHN D. SPRECKELS, Proprietor. " Aédress All Communications to W. 5. LEAKE, Manager. MANAGER'S OFFICE .Telephone Press 204 PUBLICATION OFFICE...Market and Third, §. F. Teleph Press 201 EDITORIAL ROOMS 17 to 221 Stevemson St. Telep! Press 202. Delivered by Carriers, 15 Cents Per Week. Single Coples, 5 Cents. Terms by Mail, Including Postage: DAILY CALL (including Sun.ay), one year.. $6.9) DAILY CALL (ncluding Sunday), § months. 3.00 DAILY CALL (‘ncluding Sunday), 3 months. 1.50 DATLY CALL—8y Single Month. €5c WEEKLY CALL, One Year.. b ad All postmasters are nuthorized to receive subscriptions. Semple coples will be forwarded when requested. Mall subscribers in ordering change of address should be particular to give both NEW AND OLD ADDRESS in order to insure a prompt and correct compliance with their request. OAKLAND OFFICE... C. GEORGE KROGNESS. Wanager Foreign Advertising, Marguette Building, Chieago. (Long Distance Telephone *‘Central 2613.”) <e...1118 Broadway NEW YORK CORRESPONDENT: C. CARLTON. «..Herald Square NEW YORK REPRESENTATIVE: STEPHEN B. SMITH 80 Tribune Building NEW YORK NEWS STANDS: ‘Waldorf-Astorie Hotel; A. Brentano, 31 Union Square; Murray Hill Hotel [§ CHICAGO NEWS STANDS: Eherman House; P. O. News Co.; Great Northern Hotel; Frement House: Auditorfum Hotel WASHINGTON (D. C.) OFFICE...1408 G St., N. W. MORTON E. CRANE, Correspondent. BRANCH OFFICES—527 Montgomery, corner of Clay, open until 9:30 o'clock. 300 Hayes, open until 9:30 o'clock. 633 McAllister, open until $:30 o'clock. 615 Larkin, open until #:30 o'clock. 1941 Mission, open until 10 o'clock. 2261 Market, corner Sixteenth, open until 9 o'clock. 109 Valencia, open untll § o'clock. 106 Eleventh, open until § c’clock. NW. corner Twenty-second and Kentucky, open until § o'clock. 00 Fillmore. open until 9 p. m. 7 AMUSEMENTS. “Jim the Westerner.” The Toy Maker.” eum—Vaudeville. “Darcy of the Guards.” Olympia, corner Mason and Eddy streets—Specialties. " Zoo and Theater—Vaudeville every afternoon and r's—Vaudeville, Baths—Swimming. eryville Racetrack—Races to-day. AUCTION SALES. By Fred Chase—Thursday, Ju street, Horses 13 at 11 a. m., at 1782 Mar- 10 SUBSCRIBERS LEAYING TOWN FOR THE SUMMER. Cal: subscribers contemplating a change eof residence during the summer months can have | their paper forwarded by mail to their new sddresses by notifying The Call Business Office. This paper will also be on sale at all summer | fesorts and is represented by a local agenmt im il towss en the coast. THE RANGE WAR. | OR nearly two years The Call has sounded the 'm over the lawless and destructive conditions be found upon the arid stock ranges on the d st of the ninety-ninth meridian. We th the fate that had overtaken Wyoming, | e a great value in cattle had disappeared as a re- { ng the forage and the introduction of We showed that the lost cattle value had been eplaced by a far less sheep value, to the loss of the State’s wealith, and that 13,000,000 sheep would be re- | juired to replace the lost cattle value, and that num- sheep would in one year reduce Wyoming to a we: | \ of destr ver o ted two years ago the coming war on the . strife is now on. The contending | n Colorado and Wyoming, men have | the stock has been slaughtered. | ck man of Ogden, is up in Wash- of leasing grazing lands on the upon which to feed his stock. terested in sheep, and sees the end approach- interview at Tacoma he says that there is 1,000,000 sheep over the capacity of the , carry them. This means thé whole range, T if cattle are expelled entirely and all is given ip to sheep they already overstock it to that vast amber. o The result is a violent and bloody struggle for ex- stence. There is but one remedy, and that is the mmediate limitation of the flocks and herds to the | support: of ever; ing capacity of the range and the confinement stock man’s sheep and cattle to his own lease- 10ld, secured from the Government onstich conditions zs protect large and small owners alike, make the sctual settler secure in control of range for his domes- ic animals, and safeguard likewise the rights of the >oming homesteader and the mineral prospector. Mr. Allen indicates the exclusion of sheep from the forest reserves as one cause of the appalling condition of that industry. But if the reserves are reopened to ep they may as well be abandoned entirely. The emen oppose such privilege on the forests re- serves because they protect the water soyrces and con- serve the moisture of the arid region and supply the means of irrigation, upon which agriculture must de- pend. ; The effect of the situation which this sheep-owner admits to exist reaches far into the interests of the whole Union. It is causing the rapid rise in the price of beef, which not only touches the domestic con- sumer but impairs the packing industry by threatening | o raise the export price beyond the possibility of com. petition with Australia and the Argentines. All these are grave consequences of a situation that ought not to exis.t. and can be completely transformed by the adoption of the leasing policy. Sarah Bernhardt recently canceled an engagement to play in London because her son was to fight a duel; and in explanation she said: “If my son’s life is in peril, how can I go? T am a mother first and an actress afterward.” ment that Sarah went into the mother business early. if Bryan and Watterson would only agree to arbi- trate the thing, or just drop it like Tillman and Mc- Laurin, the summer might be as quiet and serene for Democrats as it is for the rest of the people. The War Department has at last decided to recog- | France, so long delayed, so repeatedly postponed, but | nize appropriately the heroic conduct of American troops in the Chinese campaign. Gilts even grudg- ingly given are sometimes sweet. It would appear from that state- | COMMERCIAL COMPARISONS. HE Post-Intelligencer of Seattle, rejoicing ,in T the claim of Tacoma to commercial supremacy on Puget Sound, joins the press of that city in its claim that San Francisco is decadent as a com- mercial and financial center. We have no desire to magnify the energy of San Francisco, nor to mini- mize any lack of it that may appear in our commer- cial statistics. The Pacific Coast must have a grow- ing commerce, divided among the cities of the Sound, of Oregon and of California. We are per- suaded tha no matter with what others that trade will be shared, this city will always hold to it all .the same relation that New York does to the commerce of the Atlantic. There will be Bostons, Baltimores, Charlestons, Savannahs and Galvestons on this west coast, we hope, ‘but San Francisco, by reason of con- ditions admitted by the Seattle paper, will always hold her commercial and financial primacy. Conced- ing that our inward and outward commerce far ex- ceeds that of the combined Sound ports, the Post- Intelligencer points out that its volume is in part due to our handling the through traffic in addition to the export of our own products and the import of the re- turn exchange. It say: “By far the greater portion of the sail tonnage of Puget Sound, which is generally in excess of that of San Francisco, is devoted to carrying our mestic production. Every dollar received from this export trade is a dollar added to the wealth of the State, distributed to local producers and to local la- bor. While less in actual value than cargoes of mer- chandise, each of those cargoes means the distribu- tion of more money at home than is received from handling many cargoes of exports of other cities, to Asia.” - That is a proper statement of a wholesome condi- tion, which we hope will wax and not wane on the {Sound. The lasting commercial prosperity of any | point of exchange and distributibn must depend upon the immediate productive zone of which it receives | the commercial drainage. In stating the case of the Sound ports that of San Francisco is also stated. The total exports of the Puget Sound ports in 1900 were $17,829,232, and those of San Francisco were $30,487,246. Of wheat, barley, wheat flour, fish, fruits, leather, dairy products, vegetables and lumber, all do- mbstic products, in the above amounts, the exports stood: San Francisco. . $20,054,455 Puget Sound.. . 7,313,199 These domestic products were over fifty per cent of San Francisco’s total export and were a little more than forty per cent of the total export of Puget Sound. San Francisco shipped also 2863 carloads of brandy |and wine by sea, but as we have not the value they are not included. This city shipped no lumber, that export going entirely from Eureka. It will be seen, then, that accepting the Seattle statement that com- local products handled, San Francisco is able to make as good a showing as she does in her total inward and outward trade. In the same matter the showing by the Sound ports is highly commendable. But California will always probably have an advantage in that respect for cli- matic and physical reasons. The forests of the north | are destroyed by the very processes which make their product the large figure.they ‘are in Puget Sound | exports, while the fertility of our soil, the clemency of our climate and the productiveness of our waters are permanent qualities. According to a Washington dispatch, greenbacks and national bank notes to the face value of $1,500,000 have been recently destroyed by the Government, | ground into paper pulp and sold to a company that will use the pulp in the manufacture of carwheels. It will be a big change for a bit of paper to pass from the form of a bank note to that of a carwheel, but at any rate it will continue to keep things moving. A NEW TARIFF FIGHT. HEN, aiter the dreary years of industrial de- pression following the enactment of a Demo- v U cratic tariff, prosperity came back to the | country with the p; ge of the Dingley bill, it | seemed incredible that there should be another agi- | tation for tariff changes on a large scale in the United | States for the rest of this generation. That which was | deemed so improbable is, however, that which now | seems likely to occur. A new fight is to be made :against the protective system, and, strauge as it may | appear, the leaders in the fight are men who have prof- tinued prosperity of their business. The fight has taken the form of an agitation for | what is called reciprocity. Under that name it is pro- posed to barter away the protection of some indus- | tries for the sake of gaining advantages, for others. The broad principle that protection is to be applied | equally to all American industries is to be set aside in | favor of a new principle of commercial barter, and instead of a well devised comprehensive tariff we are | to have such customs duties as will result from va- rious reciprocity treaties made at different times with different countries by different negotiators and for different purposes. | Among the advocates of such a scheme of tariff | tinkering are some of the foremost manufacturers of the country. At the recent meeting of the National iAssociation of Manufacturers the president (Thomas { C. Search) is reported to have made a plea for re- ciprocity that would open foreign markets for our manufactured goods. He claimed that Germany, Rus- sia, Austria and France are all “expressing with much | emphasis their dissatisfaction with our national pol- |icy, which seeks to obtain all possible trade advantages and yet is unwilling to concede any favors in return.” { Those countries, he went on to argue, are willing to consider mutual trade concessions, bu!: are at present ):mtagonistic to American trade because it is unfair. | Procceding to explain the policy he thinks should | be adopted Mr. Search is quoted as saying: “I believe I do not overestimate its importance when I say that | the continuance and further extension of our magnifi- | cent export trade in manufactured products depends more upon our willingness to barter privileges with our foreign customers than upon any ofher influence that we can discern at the present time.. We ¢an yield | much that will be of value to others without causing loss or injury to our own interests. If we are not will- |ing and able to adopt such a policy we must expect | not only the loss of privileges we now enjoy, but also open retaliation as a punishment for our selfishness. As the first practical step let us urge the Senate to | ratify the treaty of commercial reciprocity with still alive.” 1t would be well for Mr. Search and others like him who believe the United States Government should sac- exports of lumber, flour and wheat, all articles of do- | which merely péss through Pacific ports on the way | mercial prosperity is measured by the percentage of | ited by protection and who still need it for the con- | rifice protection to other industries for the sake of obtaining trade advantages for manufacturers to go over the arguments that won the battle for protection against the free traders so short a time ago. They wili find that the battle was won only because the protec- tive principle was applied universally to American in- dustries. If by reciprocity treaties our rural industrif:s are to be sacrificed, the farmers will not long remain supporters of protection for manufacturers. The re- ciprocity treaty with France has not been held up in the Senate for nothing. Its unfairness has been recog- nized by the people and the protests against it have i been vigorous. That sort of reciprocity would soon undermine the whole protective system, and manu- facturers would suvffer with the rest. { Charles Dana Gibson has recently said the average height of the American girl has increased two inches in ten years; and while the statement may possibly be explained on the theory that the girls are trying to live up to the Gibson type, it is safest to call for proof before attempting an explanation. The genial artist may have been drawing his conclusions from his imagination. OUR ANNUAL FIRE BILL. TATISTICS said to have been compiled by in- S surance experts, and now, going the rounds of the Eastern press, make a'startling showing of | the losses to the people of the United States by fires |in the year 1goo. The total loss is placed at $!6\0,929.- "805, on which there was insurance to the amount of $05,403,650. It is to be borne in mind the amount in- j cludes only losses by the burning of buildings, bridges, | wharves and other property of that kind. It does not |include any of the loss through the burning of our | woods and forests. Abotit the only consolation one can find in a reviéw | of the list of losses is that the thing seems to be gen- | eral. There is no apparent partiality about it, and the rich and the poor, the wise and the foolish, Demo- | crats and Republicans, are all alike entitled to share | in any disguised blessing the loss may bring. | A summary given of the property destroyed is in- | teresting. It includes, among other things, 151 fair | and exposition buildings, 15 armories, 9 art galleries, 78 asylums, 79 college buildings, 143 clubhouses, 9 convents, 46 courthouses, 3 custom-houses, 2 dry- docks, 25 electric power-houses, 147 engine-houses, 37 i express offices, 54 gasworks, 11 Government buildings, | 154 grain elevators, 7 gymnasiums, 622 public and so- | ciety halls, 73 hospital buildings, 1321 hotels, 354 ice- | houses, 64 jails, 19 public libraries, 1301 liquor stores, | 17 public markets, 9 shipyards, 16 penitentiary and re- formatory buildings, 47 police and fire department | stations, 236 postoffices, 7 powder mills, 470 printing ihouses, 142 railroad bridges, 41 carshops, 331 station buildings, 40 roundhouses, 48 railroad stables, 943 res- taurants, 12 rinks, 528 schoolhouses, 31 seminary buildings, 2 statehouses, 133 opera-houses, 332 vessels, | 140 tobacco-barns, 59 wharves, 8 windmills and 42 water-tanks. It will be seen the list includes nearly everything in the way of buildings, and that not even water-tanks are exempt. , In a very large number of cases the fires | were the result of carelessness in the use of matches or | cigarette and cigar stumps. It would seem the moral is that property ownerd should be more careful, but unfortunately for the moral the chances are that the people who were careless are not the ones who lost the property. e ———— Lord Kitchener appears to have overlooked one of the vital and important elements of British reports in | his account of the latest Boer victory in South Africa. | He neglected utterly even to suggest that familiar ‘clausc. “I regret to state.” Perhaps regrets are be- coming' commonplace. AMERICAN AUTHORS. EORGE H. WARNER, associate. editor of G has recently contributed to the New York the Library of the World’s Best Literature, | Times an elaborate study of American authorship ' from colonial times to 1805, designed for the purpose | of determining the nationality of the writers of Ameri- | can books, the native State of each writer, and the vocations of the authors. The number of names examined is 63500, and Mr. Warner says of the list: “It is probably too small a | number by some 500 or 600, but the averages are probably as corregt as are necessary for our study, notwithstanding the omissions.” Writers of occasional poems, magaziné articles, etc., are not included in the list, ag' none are accounted as authors except those who have produced “definite books.” Of the total number, 700 are known to have been born in foreign lands, and there are upward of 200 whose birthplaces have not | been ascertained. | Of the native writars, spward of 2300 were bora: in New England. The Middle States furnish,2000. Con- | necticut has the credit of producing the largest num- ber of writers in proportion to population of any State in the Union. Considering numbers without regard to population, Massachusetts leads with 1243, New York has 1060, Pennsylvania 613. Of the South- ern and the Western States Mr. Warner says Vir- ginia has 225 authors, South Carolina 118, while North Carolina has 71, Georgia has 56, Alabama 28, Missis- | sippi 19, Louisiana 21, and Texas has but 3. In the |interior South, Tennessee has 34, Kentucky 70, both ' being in some respects extensions of Virginia, while Missouri has 26 and ArkaWsas 3. Of the Western States, Ohio takes the lead, with 174 aithors, while In- | diana has 55, Illinois 47, Michigan 36 and California 6. | All the others combined have 37. \ | Of course, such a list is very far from being accu- | rate. The number of authors assigned to California, for example, is far below the fact. Nevertheless, the list is an interesting rectrd of the litefary activity of the people of different sections of the country in the past. A list confined to living authors would make a ' much better showing for the South and the West. In ‘fact, of well-known writers who produce not only what Mr. Warner calls “definite b_r‘)oks,” but books that are widely read, those sections of the Union have now more than New England. Honolulu is leaving rothing undene to demonstrate - that she enjoys absoldtely her new found place in the roster of cities of the Americai Union. Every ship which enters port from the islands brings news that the people of the island metropolis are at war with the authorities. | — 4 It is to be noted that, while there is a good deal of "a splutter over the export of a few millions of gold to Europe, no one takes much notice of the heavy export or exodus of millionaires; and yet it may be the gold has to be sent over to bring them home again, The Chinese revolutionist who has been detained at this port for deportation to China is likely to dis- cover that the habit of minding one’s own business is an admirable one to cultivate. - | PAPERS ON By Morgan I Finucane M R.C.S. E. MEDICAL DIRECTOR OF THE COLONY. / 5 Copyright, 1901 XVIIL—THE F IJI ISLANDS. At g_time when Anglo-Saxons are united in a more complete knowledge and inter- est in foreign dominions; when the idea of expansion and its responsibilities is up- permost in many minds; when the poet- patriot Kipling has unloosed the feelings of "English-speaking men and expounded to the world the lofty way in which a col- onizing power first assumes sovereignty anl then motherhood to its alien races, is a fitting period to bring home the practi- cal working and realization of the poet’'s words—"The White Man’s Burden.” That these stirring lines are based on actual work being done receives no truer instance than in the case of Fiji, where the native races, and especially the Fijian native race, are governed and protected in a way that can be little realized abroad. 2 The history of this out-of-the-way col- ony under British rule should be of deep interest to those desirous of the well be- ing and perpetuation of native races, and — the amelioration of the causes deleteri- ously affecting an increase in the popula- tion as distinguished from the mere com- mercial prosperity and advancement of the colony as a center for the settlement of our white brethren. For a period of twenty-five years Fijians have been gov- erned through a native commissioner, with the aid of the native chiefs, who have occupied officially and by virtue of their heredit ry rank the position of lieu- terant gover wors to the various provinces, where they have full power. This patri- archal form of government has been sat- isfactory in so far as a large population, formerly of a wild class, have been con- verted into_the most law-abiding sub- jects of the British monarch, and, further, this system of government has enabled the administration to collect a large reév- enue—about £20,000 a year. A Nearly Ideal Government. It has fostered a system of comparative industry dnd mutual help, such as to draw forth from a recent distinguished Ameri- can lately visiting the group the opinicn “that as a result of an investigation un- dertaken by him of the conditions of gov- ernment, prosperity and well-being of the natives under various administrations in this hemisphere, that of Fiji most nearly approaches the ideal philanthropic care in these times expected from sovereign Eu- ropean powers to colored races.” 5 The system in vogue in Fiji must have much to commend itself when the trium- virate of powers in Samoa as a result of their investigations into the late troubles in those islands recommended the powers to follow the metheds existing in Fiji, for the pacification and government of Lhat group by “‘a council of district chiefs pre- sided over by the administrator of the colony” and the doing away of the king- ship. " Indeed, such philanthropic govern- ment of natives should be pursued in Fiji if anywhere; the annexation of those islands to the crown of England was aciu- ated by a desire for the preservation of the natives, and the “deed of cession™ pro- vided for the fosfering care to be bestowed upon the natives and the guarding of their native rights and customs. The Native Administration. The native Fijlan population amounts io about 98,000, scattered over as many as eighty islands. The group is divided into fourteen provinces, each province roughly containing about 6000 people, presided ovar by a roko, or hereditary chief, having un- der him heads of districts and towns, and a large native staff of officers, scribes and native magistrates. European magistrates are resident in parts of the group, and ex- ercise judicial functions for the more seri- ous offenses committed among natives; minor offenses are dealt with by natives themselves in the native courts. Ruro- pean magistrates have till now been dis- couraged from in any way interfering in the administration of the provinces. In the past the native administration hus been corrupt, inefficient, unreliable and in a great many instances oppressive by rea- son of the exactions of chiefs, Instability of the native charactesr and want of di- rect supervision by European officers; the central native Administration from the na- tive office has been in the past hidebound, and a victim to a perpetuation of the na- tive “stathis in quo,” resulting in condl- tions most unsatisfactory individually to the native and to the continued develop- ment of the race. All that is now changed. Under the new system traveling inspectors are appoinied in the various provinces, vested with judi- clal and administrative powers, whose duty it is to attain an intimake\knowledie of the different districts and villages, the people, their language, customs, habits, condition of life, sanitary state of their towns and houses; to_inquire into the water supply to each villuge. and submit schemes for the supply of good, whole- some water where possible; the isolation and treatment of contagious endemic dis- eases;ithe establishment of provincial hos- pitals with competent Buropean medical attendants; the supervision of native offi- clals, and the correction of abuses and exactions and oppression by chiefs; the abolition of native customs where praju- dicial to public health or progress, and the practical enforcement of the excelleat native regulations which in the hands of an Indifferent native administration have been virtually dead letters up to now. Lifting Up the Fijians. The planting of ln.rf areas of waste lands with cocoanuts, hitherto neglected; the encouragement given to individual na- tives by the personal assessment of work done by each individual, and consequent increase of personal wealth instead of the dtviding of the ‘“ refund” among the community as formerly, are steps of so- clal political economy hitherto quite over- looked and which must in time complete- ly change Fijian character and their ma- terial condition for the better. That with is improvement we may hope for an thi pe ! alteration in the decrease s not chimeri- cal, but in any case, as Sir T glg h{ilth“ that the 1 t as bound: ta: mew e large amount of labor annually wasted and the unpro rge O'Brien CURRENT TOPIGS. PREPARED BY EXPERTS AND SPECIALISTS FOR . THE San Francisco CALL." How the Fijian Natives Are Governéd and Protected Under an Almost Ideal British System. Group of Fiji School Girls ‘Government | most ductive character of that labor were sQ altered as to give the Fijian a chance.” | The measure of success in these direc- tions already attained by provincial in- spectors gives reason to justify such a hope, aided as they now are by hygienic women’s missions (European) from the Wesleyan and Roman Cathiolic bodies, by large water schemes to the various dis- tricts and by the establishment of pro- vincial hospitals, by the education of the Fijlan in the benefits ana uses of mil and cows and in a hundred and one other things. Question of Annexation. Into the question—which is at present occupying the European settlers in Fiji— whether annexation to New Zealand and eventual incorporation with the Austra- lian commonwealth is desirable, I will not now enter, beyond saying that there seem to me weli nigh insuperable difficulties to such a course, owing largely to the fact of the main question in Fiji being “‘a na- tive one.” And I maintain that even un- der such_a confederation or annexation as regards the native question no better ,. i N solution than the present one could be ap- plied for a long time to come. Neverthe- less the suggestion presents many thoughts of great interest, and eventual- ly, 1 feel sure, will have to engage the consideration of the Anstralasian com- | monWealth; the geographical position of Fiji, its tions to the French posses- sion of New €aledonia, the advantages | which it offers as a coaling station for | our fleet in these waters and the future | cable route to Canada are all matters of | high imperial policy which must follow | as a result of colonial federation. Whal’ the colony of Fiji has always lacked is a | large European population, or the intro- | duction of European capital for develop- ing its resources, which are illimitable | and capable of great expansion. Islands of the Fiji Group. The colony of Fiji includes a small de- | pendency of Rotumah, situated to the | northwest of the group, of an area of fourteen square miles, and consisting of three islets and rocks and_reefs. The island is administered by a Deputy Com- missioner, acting under the orders of the | High Commissioner, the local enactments of the Rotumahan Regulation board for | the government of the natives being sub- ject to the approval of the Legislative Council of Fiji. The sole care of gov- ernment is that of the interesting race over whose destinies they preside. The regulations governing this island and the community are based on‘those of Fiji. The | main products are cocoanuts, whose an- nual yield more than pays for its admin- | istration, as well as leaving a large sum | for the material benefit of the natives. The principal islands of the Fiji group | are Viti Levu, of 4112 square miles: Venua | Levu, of 2432 square miles; Taviuni, 217 square_miles; Kadavu, 124 square mies; Koro, 58 square miles: Gau, 4 square miles, and Ovalau, 43 square miles, 'the to- tal area of the colony being about equal | to that of Wales. The island of Viti Levu alone is as large as Jamaica. larger than Cyprus, twice as large as Trinidad and | six times as large as Mauritius. The whole group is greater than that of all the West Indian islands put together. The population of the group in the va- | rious races is as follows: Europeans, 4000; half-castes, 1500; Indians, 13,000; Poly- nesians, 2074; Fijians, $8,950; Rotumahans, 2200; others, 1100. Total population, 122,824, Climate of the Colony. For a tropical country the colony is a particularly healthy orie for Huropeans. alarial fevers are practically unknown and the endemic diseases peculiar to the natives are extremely rare in Europeans, such as occasionally occur being those at- tributable to association among the na- tives or the adoption of their methods of life. Fhe climate is somewhat damp—the rainfall in Suva in 1898 was 110 inches— but gith a large amount of annual sun- shine'and no excessive heat and with cool steady southeast trade winds most of the ear. ¥The princigal industries of the colony are the following: 1. The cultivation and manufacture of raw sugar. 2. The making of copra, the dried nut from the cocoanut palm. 3. The cultivation and export of green iruit. 4. The manufacture of distilled spirit is a by-product from sugar. 5. The export of the peanut, largely prized for its oil and in the manufacture of confectionery. 6. Pearl shell, turtle shell and beche-de-mer. 7. The growth and manufacture of supe. | rior classes of tobacco. 8. Rice is ly; largely cultivated. Labor and Immigration. The labor of the colony is derive 2 ly from the immigrant Indian .n§ c;l',(:]e'. nesian races and the local Fijlans. The principal labor on the larger estates is, of course, coolie labor, carried on by the Government annual importation and fn- denture to the varlous employers who ap- ply for men, to whom they are bound for a rrlnd of five years. after which the Indian irMmigrant has to live a further period of five vears in the colony, but 1% | a free agent to reindenture if he likes, or go to work where he pleases. The number of immigrants on order tor the various estates in 1900 amounted to over 1000. The actual Indian fhe falands at the end of 1590 was chois 000. The birth rate among ad indenture is 6.18 per cent. The a‘d“n‘l‘( I‘;!e\g:; rate of Indians in the colony is about 1.04 per cent, and among children 1334 cent. This must be regarded '3 50 Tiable snd"the: megllpen ray so liable and the ne; apathy of parents. X | su The coolle laborer in Fiji is ded by protective legislation of : ":'é—’;‘%’}m character during the whole period of his indentureé, by which his health, home, food, work, wages and life are regulated. The immigration office of the colony has a number of incpectors, who reside u% the larger estates, to look after his Interests. Trade of the Colony. The trade of the col - . of &c&w‘hmmu en _wit gflaflm col- onijes and . +Zealand. 1899 amounted In value to Sasg.“fl: Y exports in the - AT & , five-: ) Efllt ten fi“s' the figures being In 4 ntered, 128,791 tons; cleared, 126,656 toms. e revenue of the colony has been making enormous strides during the past three years, owing principally to the ab- sence of any severe hur&lln the reve- nue in 1399 being £98,621, and the expendi- ture £95567. Of the total revenue £50,000 was derived frum customs. VACCINATION AND SMALLFOX EPIDEMIC The Call dces not hold itself responsible for the opintons published in this columm, but presents them for whatever vaiue they mayv have as communications of general interest. Editor Daily Morning Call: The subject of your editorial on “Prevalence of Small- pox” in your edition of Saturday calls for further elucidation, for you omitted two most important factors. First, during our late Spanish and Phil- ippine wars wholesale vaccination was practiced in our army, navy and public schools, and the inevitable result through- out the United States is a crop of sporadic but non-infectious smallpox. This is an indisputably esiablished fact and known to, anlnlemzent physicians. Second, the smallpox (variola) of old, which caused Jenner to seek an antidote, is quite different from the smallpox of to- day, which is non-contagious, Contagion results from hallucinative fear and is ggested into susceptible people by tim- id and frightened observers of this dis- ease, and thus, as a natural consequence, smallpox is of itself produced. And this again has been thoroughly established through modern scientific investigations in metaphysics, psychology and sugges~ tive therapeutics. School children are taught that a tem- perature of 100 degrees indicates fever, and is in itself disease. Vaccination pro- duces fever and higher temperatures, often up to 104..105 and even to 106 de- grees, hence loss of health, depletion and/ depolarization of the body, and thus is created in the negative patient a ten- dency to disease-producing fear and uiti- mately to contagion. The demand of to- day is for physicians capable of curing smallpox through common-sense methods and wholly without, resort to eXperi- mentation, or to this fallaclous and dis- ease-producing vaccination. One of the first steps toward that result is the doing away with compulsory vaccination. Com- pulsory vaccination lulls the public (and often the physician) into a mirage of fan- cled security and stops progress toward searching for truly curative methods. D. ALBERT HILLER, M. D. San Francisco, June 9, 1901 ANSWERS TO QUERIES. ROAD MAP—Subscriber, City. Any first-class book store or cyclery can fur- nis® yow a road map of the State of Cali- fornia. NO SUCH NOTICE—N. H., Citv. The Call did not at any time put out om its bulletin board that Mrs. MecKinley had “died at 11:40 to-day.” 5 MOUNT SHASTA—-G. H. 1, City. Mount Shasta cannot be seen from the top of Mount Diablo. In order to see Shasta from that point it would require an elevation of 200 feet more, LATITUDE—C. H. A., City. The que tion: *“What is the reason that the lai tude on any given place of the earth will change, say, one degree or so in a hun- dred years?' was submitted to W. W Campbell, director of the Lick Observ: tory of the University of California, who has kindly replied as follows: “Your correspondent is misinformed re- garding the magnitudes of latitude changes on the earth’s surface.. Changes amounting to, say, ‘one degree or so in a hundred years,’ are entirely unknown. On the contrary, we know from accurate astronomical observations that latitudes have not changed to the amount of one second of arc in the last century and a half, and we have no reason to suppose that secular, or long, rer‘lod changes are taking place. About fifteen years ago, as- tronomers discovered that terrestrial lati- tudes were undergoing some changes, these changes being of a very irregular rature, and in no case amounting to more than seventy feet, or two-thirds of a sec- ond of are, from one extreme to the othcr. This change is not progressive, but a movement in one direction is corrected a few months later by a movement in the opposite direction. The laws governing these cnanges are fully understood, and it is not possible to predict them even ap- proximately many years in advance. “We do know that the ellipsoidal form of the earth is to some extent respomsi- ble for the changes, and it is possible that the annual falling and melting of the snow around the polar regions exert an appreciabie influence, but the complete explanation of the phenomenon is still wanting.” ——— Choice candies, Townsend’s, Palace Hotel* —— il Cal. glace fruit 50c per Ib at Townsend's.* ——e— Best eveglasses, specs, 10¢ to 40c. Look out for 81 4th, front barber store and grocery.* — e et Special information supplied daily to business houses and public men by the Press Clipping Bureau (Allen’s), 510 Moni~ gomery street. Telephone M: 1042 * —_——— There is now In storage in the Brook- lyn Water Supply Company’s reserveirs 488,278,000 gallons of water, or 417,812,400 gallons less than a year ago. —iedel Shake Into Your Shoes Allen’sFoot-Ease,a powder. Tt makes tight or new shees feel easy. Cures Corns, Bunions, Swollen Tired, Sweating. Aching feet. 10,000 testimonial At all drugsists and shoe stores, 2¢. Ask to-d Sample free. AddressAllenS.Olmsted, LeRoy,N. ————————— Dr. Sanford’s Liver Invigorator. Best Liver Medicine, VeetableCurefor Liver Ills, Billousness, Indigestion, Constipation, Malaria. —————— Are you prepared to stand the severity of win- ter? Dr. Siegert's Angostura Bitters build up the system, vitalize the blood and prevent disease. 1 — e Minnesota claims to have the tallest man in Louis Wilkins, born on a farm near St. Paul, who Is now 26 years old, weighs 364 pounds and lacks less than one inch of being nine feet high. EALD mfl Business College of the West. st., San Franeisco, Cal. Established nearly 40 years. Write for S0-page catalogue (free). MI'LS COLLFGE AND SEMINARY. ONFERS DEGREES AND GRANTS DI- 8 seminary course accredited to the ersities; rare opportunities offered in mu- sic, art and elocution; thirty-sixth year; fail term opens Aug. T, Write for eatalog: h ue. to MRS, C. T. MILLS, Pres., Mills College P. 0., Cal 2 MISS M. G. BARRETT’S SHORTHAND ACADEWY, THF HITCHCOCK SCHOOL YOUNG MEN AND BOYS, SAN RAFAEL, CAL. Vet Mill Drill. Christmas Term Beging“ August Mth. REV. C. HITCHCOCK. Principal. IFORNIA BUSINES CAL! o o"%l S COLLEGE.